Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alkaloidy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alkaloidy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alkaloidy"

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Han, Sunkyu, Sangbin Jeon, and Joonoh Park. "Syntheses of Dimeric Securinega Alkaloids." Synlett 28, no. 18 (August 22, 2017): 2353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590864.

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The isolation of flueggenines A and B by Yue and co-workers in 2006 has triggered a burst of isolation reports of dimeric and oligomeric securinega alkaloid natural products. The compelling molecular structures of these compounds with various modes of connection between monomeric securinega units have posed intriguing challenges to the synthetic organic community. Herein, we have categorized high-order securinega alkaloids based on their biosynthetic mode of dimerization or oligomerization. We then have compiled all reported syntheses of dimeric securinega alkaloids based on our classification.1 Introduction2 Categorization of High-Order Securinega Alkaloid Natural Products3 Syntheses of Type I Dimeric Securinega Alkaloids4 Syntheses of Type II Dimeric Securinega Alkaloids5 Synthesis of Type III Dimeric Securinega Alkaloid6 Conclusion
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Muszyński, Jan. "Alkaloidy europejskich gatunków Lycopodium [Alkaloide der europäischen Lycopodium-Arten.]." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 11, no. 3 (2017): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1934.016.

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Muszyński, J. "Alkaloidy i glikozydy flawonowe widłaków [Alkaloide und Flavonglukoside der Lycopodien]." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 24, no. 2 (2017): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1955.014.

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Navrátilová, Zdeňka, and Jiří Patočka. "Veratrum alkaloids: biology, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology." Kontakt 13, no. 3 (September 29, 2011): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2011.040.

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Mróz, Michalina, Katarzyna Pastusiak, and Paweł Bogdański. "Potencjalne możliwości wykorzystania berberyny w przeciwdziałaniu insulinooporności i w cukrzycy typu 2." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 790–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0038.

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Abstrakt Insulinooporność to stan zmniejszonej wrażliwości tkanek docelowych na działanie insuliny, mimo jej prawidłowego lub podwyższonego stężenia w surowicy krwi. Jest ważnym czynnikiem w patogenezie zespołu metabolicznego, w tym stanu przedcukrzycowego i cukrzycy typu 2, a także chorób sercowo-naczyniowych oraz zespołu policystycznych jajników. Wzrasta zainteresowanie wykorzystaniem środków pochodzenia roślinnego w leczeniu pacjentów z chorobami metabolicznymi. Jednymi z nich są rośliny z rodziny berberysowatych zawierające alkaloidy izochinolinowe, takie jak berberyna. Sugeruje się, iż berberyna może wpływać na zmniejszenie insulinooporności, gospodarkę węglowodanową oraz metabolizm lipidów. Naukowcy wykazali, że ten roślinny alkaloid może tłumić różnicowanie adipocytów i wspomagać redukcję masy ciała. Inne właściwości berberyny obejmują działanie hipotensyjne oraz ochronne wobec śródbłonka naczyniowego. W artykule skoncentrowano się przede wszystkim na przedstawieniu potencjalnych możliwości wykorzystania berberyny w przeciwdziałaniu insulinooporności w cukrzycy typu 2.
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Věžník, František, Eva Táborská, Hana Bochořáková, František Tureček, Vladimír Hanuš, and Jiří Slavík. "Alkaloids of Papaver nudicaule SUBSP. xanthopetalum (TRAUTV.) FEDDE and P. nudicaule SUBSP. album (REGEL) FEDDE from the section Scapiflora REICHB." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 6 (1987): 1634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871634.

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The alkaloidal composition in the two title taxa differs only quantitatively. Both contain amurine as the main alkaloid. P. nudicaule ssp. xanthopetalum contains muramine, protopine and alkaloid PN1 (probably identical with (±)-nudaurine (Ia)) as dominant alkaloids; further were isolated amurensine, epialpinine, cryptopine, mecambridine and alpinigenine. Allocryptopine, papaverrubines A, B, D and G, palmatine and coptisine were detected chromatographically. The quaternary alkaloid fraction afforded cis-N-methylstylopinium hydroxide (as the iodide II) which was isolated for the first time from P. nudicaule. In P. nudicaule ssp. album the alkaloid PN1, epialpinine, amurensine and muramine represented the dominant alkaloids, accompanied with mecambridine, protopine, cryptopine, allocryptopine and alpinigenine. Among the quaternary alkaloids N-methylstylopinium hydroxide was found.
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El-Shazly, A., A. M. Ateya, L. Witte, and M. Wink. "Quinolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of Retama raetam, R. sphaerocarpa and R. monosperma." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1996): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-5-607.

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Abstract About 28 quinolizidine alkaloids and the dipiperidine alkaloids am modendrine, dehydroammodendrine and N -formylammodendrine were identified in the alkaloidal extracts of Retama raetam, Retama sphaerocarpa and Retama monosperma by capillary GLC and GLCMS. Alkaloid profiles of the three Retama species with a Mediterranean distribution are more similar than alkaloid patterns of different organs of the same plant. Whereas sparteine and retamine are the major components of stems, lupanine, retam ine, N-methylcytisine and cytisine dominate in flowers and pods, and cytisine in seeds indicating a high degree of organ specificity of alkaloid storage.
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El-Shazly, Assem. "Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of Some Senecio Species from Egypt." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2002): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-5-604.

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Alkaloid profiles of two Egyptian Senecio species (Senecio aegyptius var. discoideus and S. desfontainei) in addition to a cultivated species (S. cineraria) were studied using capillary GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry with respect to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Four alkaloids were identified in S. aegyptius var. discoideus, 8 in S. desfontainei and 13 in S. cineraria. Some of these alkaloids have not been reported from these plants. The alkaloidal pattern of different plant organs (flowers, leaves, stem, root) were also investigated. Senecionine has been found to be a one of the major alkaloid in all studied species, it was isolated and its structure was elucidated by 1H- and 13C-NMR.
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Kłys, Małgorzata, Sebastian Rojek, Martyna Maciów-Głąb, and Karol Kula. "Alkaloidy opium w toksykologicznej praktyce medyczno-sądowej Zakładu Medycyny Sądowej UJ CM." Archives of Forensic Medicine and Criminology 4 (2013): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/amsik.2013.46305.

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Slavík, Jiří, and Leonora Slavíková. "Alkaloids of Meconopsis cambrica (L.) VIG. and M. robusta HOOK. f. et THOMS." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 12 (1996): 1815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19961815.

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Additional alkaloids (+)-roemerine (3b), (+)-corytuberine (3d), (-)-N-methylmecambridinium and alkaloid MC 2 (the last two as iodides) were isolated as minor alkaloidal components from Meconopsis cambrica (L.) VIG. (Papaveraceae) besides of the dominant known alkaloids (-)-mecambrine (1), (-)-mecambridine (2), (-)-flavinantine (4) and (+)-magnoflorine (5), and a small amount of (+)-mecambroline (3a). Minute quantities of protopine, allocryptopine, roemeroline, papaverrubine D and C, berberine, coptisine, corysamine and palmatine were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). From M. robusta HOOK. f. et THOMS., protopine, (-)-amurensinine (6) and two incompletely characterized alkaloids MRO 1 and MRO 2 were isolated, and allocryptopine, cryptopine, rhoeadine, 6-methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline, alkaloid MR 1, coptisine, corysamine, magnoflorine, corytuberine and N-methylamurensininium salt were detected on TLC.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alkaloidy"

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Osecká, Karolína. "Možnosti ovlivnění vstřebávání kofeinu z kolových nápojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217018.

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This diploma thesis was focused on basic physicochemical properties of caffeine and investigation of the interaction between the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronan (HA), pectin (PEC) or lignohumate (HUM) and the alkaloid caffeine (CAF). The reason why this thesis was focused on study of aqueous solutions of hyaluronan or pectin with caffeine is that the presence of polysaccharide- caffeine complex could be beneficial for slowing the absorption of caffeine. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis there is described a group of alkaloids, which caffeine belongs to and also polysaccharides hyaluronic acid and pectin. The most attention has been paid to caffeine, its properties and effects on the human organism. This diploma thesis also deals with non-alcoholic beverages with caffeine, 4-methylimidazole, and phosphoric acid. The last chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to fluorescence spectroscopy. In the experimental part of this work I deal with the basic properties of caffeine and interaction between the caffeine and selected polysaccharides or lignohumate. At first, the chemical and physical properties of caffeine were determined. Based on these results the interaction of caffeine and hyaluronan or pectin was studied by using the fluorescence and absorbance. The HA of molecular weight of 1,7 MDa and pectin from citrus fruits were chosen for the study of the interaction with the caffeine. These two substances were mixed with the caffeine of concentration contained in Coca-Cola. The results of interaction that would lead to the influence of the emission or absorption properties of caffeine, were not proved. As a part of the work there was determined how pectin behaves in strongly acidic solution and then there was monitored the pH, conductivity and solubility of caffeine in water by using thermogravimetry and visual experiments. The obtained results of the interaction of hyaluronan-caffeine, pectin caffeine or caffeine-lignohumate can be used for description of the behavior of caffeine in the presence of selected polysaccharides and natural organic substance.
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Pipková, Renata. "Měření celkových alkaloidů v tabáku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216798.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is the assay of total alkaloids in different tobacco types. To measure the content of total alkaloids are utilized types of tobacco used for preparation of tobacco blends and consecutive production of cigarettes. The samples of analyzed tobacco include various countries of cultivation and different crop years. There is described tobacco as a plant, in it contained alkaloids and the utilization of tobacco in the theoretical part. In more detail it deals with the production and construction of cigarettes which is closely related to the content monitoring of total alkaloids in tobacco. The contents of total alkaloids are determined by the continuous flow analyzer- SKALAR. On this spectrophotometer are set the contens of reducing sugars as well. The comparison of total alkaloids contents and reducing sugars from the perspective of single tobacco types, countries of cultivation and crop years is clearly summarized in the experimental part of the thesis that was performed in the company Philip Morris ČR, a.s.
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Panenková, Kristýna. "In vitro anti-proliferační aktivita alkaloidů čeledi Amaryllidaceae." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257583.

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Summary Natural phytochemicals are currently used in the treatment of many diseases. Cancers are just ones of them and they are ranked among the most common and the most serious. Phytochemicals in the form of cytostatics are used in chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In future there could be included among cytostatics also some alkaloids from the family of Amaryllidaceae, whose testing for a selective cytostatic effect on tumor cell lines of colorectal carcinoma Caco-2 and HT-29 and on normal cell lines of human intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int is a subject of this thesis. There were tested 17 alkaloids isolated from plants of Chlidanthusfragrans, Zephyranthes robusta and Nerine bowdenii. Particularly alkaloids from plant Zephyranthes robusta namely haemanthamine with this values: IC50 = 0.99 plus/minus 0.14 microM for tumor cells, Caco-2, 0.59 plus/minus 0.01 microM for tumor cells HT-29 and 19.47 plus/minus 8.86 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int, Lycorine with values IC50 = 0.99 plus/minus 0.08 microM for tumor cells Caco-2, 1.2 plus/minus 0.01 microM for tumor cells HT-29 and 22.68 plus/minus 0.09 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int and Haemanthidin with values IC50 = 3.29 plus/minus 0.91 microM to tumor cells Caco-2, 1.72 plus/minus 0.11 microM to tumor cells HT-29, and 11.63 plus/minus 0.86 microM for normal cells FHs 74 Int proved a significant anti-proliferative activity. From these results there is evident the selectivity against colorectal cancer cell lines. For this reason, those tested alkaloids are suitable for further testing and for study of their biological activity against tumor cells in the terms of in vitro and in vivo.
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Hroncová, Zuzana. "Mikrobiota trávicího traktu včel a příbuzného hmyzu a faktory ovlivňující její složení." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261408.

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This thesis consists of six research chapters, out of which, five have already been published in research journals, 1 is in the process of submission and the last chapter presents original unpublished confidential data in the process of manuscript preparation. The research presented in this thesis concerns the complex mechanisms of bees and wasps immune system focused on microbiota as component of immunity. As shown in the introduction, highly social and managed species of bees like honey bees and bumble bees, play key roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems worldwide. Recent losses of bees have been attributed to pesticide exposure, poor nutrition, increased parasite loads and habitat degradation. Over the past several years, governments, beekeepers, and the general public worldwide have become concerned by increased losses of honey bee colonies, calling for more research on how to keep colonies healthy. Our main aim was to explore the complex mechanisms of bees and related species gut bacterial populations, their links to insect immunity and investigate the opportunities for an intervention. Part of our aim was to characterise the bumble bee and wasp gut microbiota using 16S RNA sequencing in a search for potentially novel bacterial species. We have tried to explain how microbiome interacts with the host and showed that major members of these communities appear to benefit the host. The simple gut communities of social bees present ideal model systems to investigate the underlying evolutionary and genetic processes of such interactions. Information based on our results may help in the design of proper probiotic supplementation strategies with respect to physiological conditions in the honey bee gut.
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Witt, Anette. "Synthetic development towards benzodiazepine alkaloids : total synthesis of circumdatin F and C /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-077-6/.

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Jánská, Lucie. "Alkaloidy čeledi Amaryllidaceae: rod Zephyranthes." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382766.

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Author: Lucie Jánská Název: Alkaloids of family Amaryllidaceae: genus Zephyranthes Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacognosy 2018, 75 p. The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize all knowledge about alkaloids izolated from Zephyranthes plants of Amaryllidaceae family. It contains a detail overview of botanical charactericts of phytochemically studied plants of the genus Zephyranthes. Also the overview of alkaloids with bilogical activity was described. Within the genus Zephyranthes 10 species were studied phytochemically and 89 alkaloids were isolated from this plants. This alkaloids are divided in several structural groups. The lycorine-, haemanthamine-, galanthamine- and pancratistatine-type alkaloids occure the most frequently. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory, anticancer and antimalarial activity of the alkaloids was described like the most important. The most significant acetylcholinesterase- inhibitory activity was observed in alkaloids from galanthamine sctructural type. Anticancer activity was found the most in lycorine-, pancratistatine- and haemanthamine- type alkaloids. The most notable antimalarial activity was observed in lycorine- and heamanthamine- type alkaloids. Keywords Zephyranthes, Amaryllidaceae,...
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Öhlschlegelová, Jana. "Alkaloidy čeledi Amaryllidaceae: rod Hippeastrum." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403945.

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Author: Jana Öhlschlegelová Title: Alkaloids of family Amaryllidaceae: genus Hippeastrum Diploma thesis Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany 2019, 74 p. Keywords: Hippeastrum, Amaryllidaceae, alkaloids, antiproliferative activity, Alzheimer's disease, cholinesterase inhibitors, galanthamine The aim of this diploma thesis was to unify current findings about alkaloids isolated from selected plants of the Hippeastrum genus in the Amaryllidaceae family. The fytochemical characteristics of the examined species was introduced, and a group of alkaloids which were isolated from these plant species was composed. Also, the biological activity was evaluated. Up to date, at least 13 plant species of the Hippeastrum genus were examined from the fytochemical perspective. Out of these species examined, 56 different alkaloids with defined structure were isolated. The isolated alkaloids are divided into several groups based on their structure. Namely, these are lycorine, homolycorine, crinine, galanthamine, narciclasine, tazettine, haemanthamine and montanine structural types. Also, alkaloids which differed structurally from these basic types were found in several plants studied. In the substances gained, the antiproliferative activity, inhibitory activity...
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Hodulová, Adéla. "Alkaloidy čeledi Amaryllidacee: rod Nerine." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389079.

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Author: Adéla Hodulová Title: Alkaloids of Amaryllidaceae family, genus Nerine Diploma thesis Charles University, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical botany 2018, 51 p. The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize up the findings about alkaloids which where isolated from genus Nerine plants of Amaryllidaceae family. There was introduced a botanical characteristic of the phytochemical studied species of the genus Nerine. The most studied species was Nerine bowdenii. All the knowledges about mentioned alkaloids were sum up. Ten species have been phytochemical studied out of the genus Nerine until now. In total, 40 alkaloids were isolated from these plants. Alkaloids which where isolated from the Nerine are divided into several structural types. Anticancer, acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory of the alkaloids were described. The biological activity is connected with their stucture. The most significant anticancer activity was observed in alkaloids from crinine- and lycorine type . Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity was pronounced the most in crinine-type alkaloids. Keywords: Nerine, Nerine bowdenii, Amaryllidaceae, alkaloids
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Nekolná, Petra. "Alkaloidy čeledi Amaryllidaceae: rod Lycoris." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335193.

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Author: Petra Nekolná Title: Alkaloids of family Amaryllidaceae: genus Lycoris Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology 2015, 79 p. The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize the findings about alkaloids which were isolated from Lycoris plants of Amaryllidaceae family. It contains a botanical characteristics of species of genus Lycoris which were studied phytochemically, a file of alkaloids which were isolated from these plants and findings about the biological activity of these compounds. Within the genus Lycoris 11 species were studied phytochemically and 118 alkaloids were isolated from these plants. Alkaloids which were isolated from Lycoris plants are divided in several structural groups. The lycorine-, homolycorine-, crinine-, galanthamine- and pancratistatine-type alkaloids occur the most numerously. Anticancer, acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory and antimalarial activity of the alkaloids were described. The biological activity of alkaloids is connected with their structure. The most significant anticancer activity was observed in alkaloids from lycorine-, crinine- and pancratistatine-type. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity was pronounced the most in galanthamine-type alkaloids. The most...
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Kiełczewska, Urszula. "Synteza analogów alkaloidów steroidowych." Phd thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11320/10193.

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Alkaloidy Solanum zostały wyizolowane z roślin pochodzących z rodziny psiankowate (Solanaceae), rodzaju psianka (Solanum). Są to alkaloidy steroidowe, których budowa opiera się na szkielecie cholestanu. Głównymi przedstawicielami tej klasy związków są solasodyna, tomatydyna oraz solanidyna. Alkaloidy steroidowe mają różnorodne właściwości biologiczne m.in.: antyproliferacyjne, neurogenne, przeciwdrgawkowe i przeciwzapalne. Szerokie spektrum aktywności biochemicznych i niskie stężenie w materiale roślinnym tych związków, zainspirowały chemików do projektowania ich syntetycznych analogów. Znanym przedstawicielem grupy alkaloidów Solanum jest solasodyna, będąca azotowym analogiem diosgeniny. Wydaje się, że to właśnie ten związek jest dobrym substratem w syntezie solasodyny i jej pochodnych. Proponowane dotychczas syntezy solasodyny z diosgeniny oparte są na trzystopniowej strategii: otwarcie pierścienia F (etap I), podstawienie grupy opuszczającej łańcucha bocznego nukleofilem azotowym (etap II) i zamknięcie pierścienia F (etap III). Prowadzone przeze mnie badania koncentrowały się na projektowaniu nowych analogów alkaloidów steroidowych, syntezie solasodyny i jej analogów oraz na ocenie ich aktywności biologicznej. Jednym z założeń niniejszej dysertacji było opracowanie dogodnej strategii jednoczesnego otwarcia pierścienia F w diosgeninie i wprowadzenie atomu azotu w strukturę steroidu (wykorzystanie azydków bądź karbaminianów). Utworzona w ten sposób 26-azotowa pochodna diosgeniny mogłaby posłużyć jako intermediat w syntezie solasodyny i jej analogów. Prowadzone w tym kierunku badania zaowocowały skróceniem znanych i opisanych w literaturze metod otrzymywania solasodyny i opracowaniem dwuetapowej syntezy piwalanu solasodyny z piwalanu diosgeniny. Podjęłam również bezpośrednie próby przekształcenia układu spiroketalowego (diosgenina) w spirosolanowy (solasodyna) za pomocą nowego odczynnika – amidku diizobutyloglinowego, który można łatwo otrzymać z wodorku diizobutyloglinu (DIBAL) i chlorku amonu. Prowadziłam również badania w kierunku znalezienia metody syntezy 26a-F-homo-, 22a(N)-F-homo analogów solasodyny i ich N-podstawionych pochodnych. Założyłam bowiem, że związki z 7-członowym pierścieniem F mogą wykazywać podobne właściwości biologiczne jak ich macierzyste substraty. Zsyntezowane pochodne zostały przebadane pod kątem właściwości antyproliferacyjnych i przeciw-neurodegeneracyjnych. W swojej pracy poszukiwałam również metod syntezy innych aza-steroidów. Były nimi pochodne pirymido-benzimidazolu, które uzyskałam w wyniku reakcji kondensacji octanu 16-dehydro-pregnenolonu z 2-aminobenzimidazolem. Optymalizacja warunków reakcji (wpływ katalizatora, czasu reakcji, rozpuszczalnika, stężenia poszczególnych reagentów), pozwoliły otrzymać łącznie 6 nowych analogów. Uzyskane pochodne wykazały bardzo dobrą aktywność przeciwnowotworową względem linii komórkowych raka prostaty. Wyniki eksperymentów przeprowadzonych w ramach niniejszej dysertacji zostały opisane w 5 publikacjach o zasięgu międzynarodowym oraz były prezentowane na licznych konferencjach zagranicznych i krajowych.
Solanum alkaloids were isolated from plants of the family Solanaceae (Solanum). These are steroidal alkaloids whose structure is based on the C27 cholestan skeleton. The main representatives of this class of compounds are solasodine, tomatidine and solanidine. Steroidal alkaloids are known to possess a variety of biological properties such as: antiproliferative, neurogenic, anticonvulsant and antiinflammatory. The wide range of biochemical activity and the low concentration of these compounds in plant material inspired chemists to design their synthetic analogues. The most famous representative of this group of compounds is solasodine – a nitrogen analog of diosgenin. Thus it seems to be the first-choice starting material for the synthesis of solasodine derivatives. The solasodine syntheses from diosgenin proposed so far are based on three-stage strategy: F-ring opening (stage I), nitrogen nucleophile substitution of the side chain leaving group (stage II) and F-ring closure (stage III). My research was focused on designing, synthesis and evaluation of biological activity of solasodine and analogues. The main purpose of this dissertation was to develop a convenient strategy for the simultaneous opening of the F ring and the nitrogen atom introduction in the C26 position (with the use of eg. azides, carbamates) which may constitute promising method for obtaining the solasodine and its derivatives. The research carried out in this strategy allowed for the development of a two -step synthesis of solasodine pivalate. I also studied an attempt of a direct transformation of spirostanes (diosgenin) into spirosolanes (solasodine) by a new reagent – diisobutylaluminum amide, readily available from diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) and ammonium chloride. I was looking for the paths of the syntheses of 26a-homo-, and 22a(N)-homo analogues of solasodine and their N-acyl derivatives. I assumed that the derivatives with 7-membered F ring might exhibit similar biological properties to their parent compounds. The synthesized derivatives were tested for their antiproliferative and antineurodegenerative properties. In my research, I was looking for methods of synthesis other aza-steroids, including pyrimidobenzimidazole derivatives which were obtained by condensation of 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate with 2-aminobenzimidazole. The optimized reaction conditions (influence of the catalyst, reaction time, type of solvent, concentration of individual reactants) allowed to obtain a total of 6 new analogues. The obtained derivatives showed very good antitumor activity against prostate cancer cell lines. All obtained results of my presented in this dissertation have been described in 5 international publicat ions and have been presented at numerous foreign and national conferences.
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydział Chemii.
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Books on the topic "Alkaloidy"

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Aniszewski, Tadeusz. Alkaloids--secrets of life: Alkaloid chemistry, biological significance, applications and ecological role. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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Breitmaier, Eberhard. Alkaloide. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-92687-6.

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Linskens, Hans Ferdinand, and John F. Jackson, eds. Alkaloids. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84226-9.

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Breitmaier, Eberhard. Alkaloide. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-96361-1.

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Roberts, Margaret F., and Michael Wink, eds. Alkaloids. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2905-4.

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Głowacki, Aleksander. Alkaloid. Warszawa: Powergraph, 2012.

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Srivastava, Vikas, Shakti Mehrotra, and Sonal Mishra, eds. Tropane Alkaloids. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4535-5.

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Alkaloid synthesis. Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

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Knölker, Hans-Joachim, ed. Alkaloid Synthesis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25529-8.

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Řeháček, Zdeněk. Ergot alkaloids: Chemistry, biological effects, biotechnology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alkaloidy"

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Pengelly, Andrew. "Alkaloids." In The constituents of medicinal plants, 168–201. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243079.0010.

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Abstract Found in roots, rhizomes, leaves, bark, fruit or seeds of 15-30% of all flowering plants, alkaloids are particularly common in certain families, such as the Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae and Papaveraceae. Over 20,000 different alkaloids have been isolated from over 300 plant families. Over 150 alkaloids are known to occur in one species, Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae). The most widely occurring plant alkaloids are caffeine and berberine. This paper discusses the properties, nomenclature, pharmacological actions and classification of alkaloids. Tabulated data are given on major alkaloidal groups, with examples and actions.
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Böttger, Angelika, Ute Vothknecht, Cordelia Bolle, and Alexander Wolf. "Alkaloids." In Lessons on Caffeine, Cannabis & Co, 179–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99546-5_12.

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Latscha, Hans Peter, Uli Kazmaier, and Helmut Alfons Klein. "Alkaloide." In Organische Chemie, 489–501. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46180-8_34.

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Steinegger, Ernst, and Rudolf Hänsel. "Alkaloide." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 498–561. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09267-5_8.

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Hänsel, R. "Alkaloide." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 935–1114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09269-9_8.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Alkaloide." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 19–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_324.

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O'Connor, Sarah E. "Alkaloids." In Natural Products in Chemical Biology, 209–37. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118391815.ch9.

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Leonard, J. "Alkaloids." In The Chemistry of Natural Products, 218–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2144-6_6.

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Latscha, Hans Peter, Helmut Alfons Klein, and Rainer Mosebach. "Alkaloide." In Heidelberger Taschenbücher, 409–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97065-8_32.

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Latscha, Hans Peter, Helmut Alfons Klein, and Klaus Gulbins. "Alkaloide." In Chemie für Laboranten und Chemotechniker, 268–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96875-4_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alkaloidy"

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Трошина, Лариса, Larisa Troshina, Татьяна ЯГОВЕНКО, and Tat'yana YaGOVENKO. "DYNAMICS OF ALKALOID ACCUMULATION AND REDISTRIBUTION IN NARROW-LEAFED LUPIN." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-26-31.

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The article presents alkaloid accumulation and redistribution in germinative seed of nar-row-leafed lupin as well as the dynamics of alkaloid content in three genotypes of narrow-leafed lupin plants during ontogenesis. Specialties of accumulation of these compounds under different conditions are shown. The stage “beginning of pod formation — maturing” is the most susceptible to temperature changes in vegetation of narrow-leafed lupin.
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Petrovic, Aleksandra, Gorica Vukovic, Tijana Stojanovic, Dušan Marinkovic, Bojan Konstantinovic, Bojana Špirovic-Trifunovic, Željka Jeličic Marinkovic, and Vojislava Bursic. "OCCURRENCE OF TROPANE ALKALOIDS IN MAIZE DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF SOLANACEAE FAMILY." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.297p.

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Tropane alkaloids are considered to be serious health hazard for humans and that their maximum residue levels in food and feed are still not established. In this paper five samples of maize collected from the local producer in 2020 have been investigated by the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the atropine and scopolamine determination. The detected concentrations of atropine and scopolamine were extremely high (17.7-67.0 μg/kg for atropine and 2.3-10.4 μg/kg for scopolamine). The obtained results show the seriousness of the tropane alkaloids problem in maize as well as the need for monitoring and further research.
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Seijas, Julio, M. Vázquez-Tato, Javier Seijo-Muras, Pablo Ramil-Rego, and M. Buján. "Alkaloids from Narcissus bulbocodium L." In The 8th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-8-01978.

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Yunusov, M. S., E. M. Tsyrlina, S. A. Kryzhanovsky, I. B. Tsorin, and S. G. Yunusova. "ANTIARRHYTHMICS BASED ON DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS." In MedChem-Russia 2021. 5-я Российская конференция по медицинской химии с международным участием «МедХим-Россия 2021». Издательство Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/medchemrussia2021-2021-133.

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Seijas, Julio, M. Vázquez-Tato, M. Linares, Pablo Ramil-Rego, and M. Buján. "Mesembrine Alkaloids from Narcissus triandrus L." In The 8th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-8-01979.

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Menendez Perdomo, Ivette. "Benzylisoquiline alkaloid biosynthesis in sacred lotus." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1332313.

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Antsupova, T. P., and E. B. Bitueva. "Phytochemical study of pasture plants in Northern Mongolia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-3.

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The article presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative determination of toxic and bitter substances in 8 species of plants of Northern Mongolia that are not eaten by cattle. Significant amounts of alkaloids were found in 6 species, tannins in 2 species.
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Cheng, YB, CJ Su, SR Chen, and CY Chen. "New Alkaloids from Taiwanese Zoanthid Palythoa tuberculosa." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608091.

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Kaya, Gİ, K. Uzun, S. Demir, B. Bozkurt, MA Onur, and N. Unver Somer. "Isolation of further alkaloids from Galanthus cilicicus." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608244.

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Wipf, Peter, and Filip Petronijevic. "New Approaches to Indoles and Indole Alkaloids." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0388-1.

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Reports on the topic "Alkaloidy"

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., A. Veršilovskis, P. P. J. Mulder, M. de Nijs, and J. G. J. Mol. Proficiency test for ergot alkaloids in cereals : EURL-PT-MP03 (2019). Wageningen: Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/526444.

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., W. C. M. de Nijs, and P. P. J. Mulder. Proficiency test for tropane alkaloids in food and feed matrices : EURLPT-MP04 (2020). Wageningen: Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/544466.

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Pereboom, D. P. K. H., M. de Nijs, J. G. J. Mol, and P. P. J. Mulder. Research study for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in alfalfa and herbal tea : EURLPT-MP02 (2019). Wageningen: Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/545714.

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Doncheva, Tsvetelina, Nadezhda Kostova, Vassil Vutov, Ina Aneva, and Stefan Philipov. Comparative Study of the Alkaloid Composition in Some Bulgarian Species of Genus Hypecoum. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.06.04.

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Lewinsohn, Efraim, Peter Facchini, and Frederic Marsolais. Comparative Functional Genomics as a Platform to Investigate Ephedrine Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7613886.bard.

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Levy, Arieh, Donald Bills, Dan Palevitch, An Fei Hsu, and David Lavie. Genetic and Chemical Control of Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Papaver bracteatum and Papaver somniferum. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1986.7598189.bard.

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Veilleux, Richard E., Jossi Hillel, A. Raymond Miller, and David Levy. Molecular Analysis by SSR of Genes Associated with Alkaloid Synthesis in a Segregating Monoploid Potato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570550.bard.

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More than 15,000 anthers of an interspecific hybrid (CP2) between two diploid (2n=2x=24) potato species, Solanum chacoense (weedy) and S. phureja (cultivated), were cultured to generate a family of monoploid (haploid, 2n-1x=12) plants. Of 260 regenerated plants, 34 were monoploid, 210 diploid and 16 tetraploid. SSR analysis revealed that six monoploids were genetically identical and 14 diploids were homozygous, thus limiting the population to 42 (28 monoploids and 14 homozygous diploids). New microsatellite loci were developed for potato from database sequences (15), a conventional genomic library (6), an enriched library (18) and tomato (11). Of these, 13 were polymorphic in the CP2 family and 11 were used to study genetic segregatin. Four of 11 exhibited skewed segregation in the monoploid family. Seven of 18 microsatellite markers were polymorphic and informative on a set of 12 tetraploid potato cultivars. Acetylleptinidine (ALD) is the aglycone of leptines, a natural defense against insects, especially the highly destructuve Colorado potato beetle. ALD is absend in S. phureja but highly expressed in the S. chacoense parent of CP2. A backcross population between CP2 and tis S. phureja parent was used to examine segregation for ALD. Bulks of 10 backcross individuals that expressed ALD and 10 that did not were used to identify putative RAPD markers associatd with the trait. Of 80 primers tested, one putative marker amplified by OPQ02 was present in eight of ten individuals comprising the high bulk and absent in all 10 individuals comprising the low bulk. This is a putative marker for ALD expression in potato.
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Houck, Marilyn, Uri Gerson, and Robert Luck. Two Predator Model Systems for the Biological Control of Diaspidid Scale Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570554.bard.

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Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hamisarcoptidae) is a parasite of scale insects (Diaspididae), tenacious pests of vascular plants. Hemisarcoptes also has a stenoxenic phoretic (dispersal) relationship with Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Chilocorus feeds on diaspidids, transports mites as they feed, and has been applied to the control of scales, with limited success. U.S.-Israeli cooperation focused on this mite-beetle interaction so that a two-component system could be applied to the control of scale insects effectively. Life history patterns of Hemisarcoptes were investigated in response to host plant type and physical parameters. Field and lab data indicated that mites attack all host stages of scales tested, but preferred adult females. Scale species and host plant species influenced the bionomics of Hemisarcoptes. Beetle diet also influenced survival of phoretic mites. Mites use a ventral sucker plate to extract material from Chilocorus, that is essential for development. Seven alkaloids were found in the hemolymph of Chilocorus and three were characterized. Examination of the subelytral surface of Chilocorus indicated that microsetae play a role in the number and distribution of mites a beetle transports. While Hemisarcoptes can be innoculatd into agroecosystems using various indigenous or imported Chilocorus species, the following are preferred: C. bipustulatus, C. cacti, C. distigma, C. fraternus, C. orbus, and C. tristis.
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Dudareva, Natalia, Alexander Vainstein, Eran Pichersky, and David Weiss. Integrating biochemical and genomic approaches to elucidate C6-C2 volatile production: improvement of floral scent and fruit aroma. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696514.bard.

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The specific objectives of approved proposal include to: 1. Elucidate the C6-C2 biochemical pathways leading to the biosynthesis of phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol and phenylethyl acetate in floral tissues of ornamentally important plants, pefunia and roses. 2. Isolate and characterrze genes responsible for the production of these C6-C2 compounds and those involved in the regulation of the pathway using genomic and transcriptomic tools. 3. Determine whether altering the expression of key genes of this pathway can result in changing the aroma characteristics of flowers. Aldehydes are intermediates in a variety of biochemical pathways including those involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins, steroids, amino acids, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, hormones, and lipids. In plants they are also synthesized in response to environmental stresses such as salinity, cold, and heat shock or as flavors and aromas in fruits and flowers. Phenylacetaldehyde along with 2-phenylethanol and its acetate ester, are important scent compounds in numerous flowers, including petunias and roses. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds in plants. We have shown that the formation PHA and 2-phenylethanol from Phe does not occur via trans-cinnamic acid and instead competes with the key enzyme of phenypropanoid metabolism Pheammonia-lyase (PAL) for Phe utilization. Using functional genomic approach and comparative gene expression profiling, we have isolated and characterized a novel enzyme from petunia and rose flowers that catalyzes the formation of the Ca-Czcompound phenylacetaldehyde (PHA) from L-phenylalanine (Phe) by the removal of both the carboxyl and amino groups. This enzyme, designated as phenylacetaldehyde synthases (PAAS), is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the unprecedented efficient coupling of phenylalanine decarboxylation to oxidation, generating phenylacetaldehyde, CO2, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide in stoichiometric amounts. Down-regulation of PAAS expression via RNA interference-based (RNAi) technology in petunia resulted in no PHA emission when compared with controls. These plants also produced no 2-phenylethanol, supporting our conclusion that PHA is a precursor of 2-phenylethanol. To understand the regulation of scent formation in plants we have also generated transgenic petunia and tobacco plants expressing the rose alcohol acetyltransferase (RhAAT) gene under the control of a CaMV-35S promoter. Although the preferred substrate of RhAAT in vitro is geraniol, in transgenic petunia flowers, it used phenylethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol to produce the corresponding acetate esters, not generated by control flowers. These results strongly point to the dependence of volatile production on substrate availability. Analysis of the diurnal regulation of scent production in rose flowers revealed that although the daily emission of most scent compounds is synchronized, various independently evolved mechanisms control the production, accumulation and release of different volatiles. This research resulted in a fundamental discovery of biochemical pathway, enzymes and genes involved in biosynthesis of C6-C2s compounds, and provided the knowledge for future engineering plants for improved scent quality.
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