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Journal articles on the topic 'Alkoxides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Phan, Thanh Binh, and Herbert Mayr. "Comparison of the nucleophilicities of alcohols and alkoxides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 9 (2005): 1554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-170.

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The kinetics of the reactions of benzhydrylium ions with some alcohols and alkoxides dissolved in the corresponding alcohols were photometrically investigated. Using the correlation equation log k (20 °C) = s(E + N), the N and s parameters of methoxide, ethoxide, n-propoxide, and isopropoxide in alcoholacetonitrile (91:9, v/v) were determined. The cosolvent acetonitrile has only a little influence on the rate constants of the reactions of alcohols and alkoxides. The order of N values (OH << MeO < EtO < n-PrO < i-PrO) shows that alkoxides differ only moderately in reactivit

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2

Katayama, Shingo, and Masahiro Sekine. "Superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3O7−x prepared by the metal alkoxide method." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 4 (1990): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0683.

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Preparation of the superconducting oxide, YBa2Cu3O7−x, was carried out according to the metal alkoxide method. To obtain a homogeneous solution of yttrium, barium, and copper alkoxide in an organic solvent, alkoxides of copper and yttrium were modified by the O-R interchange reaction with 2-dimethylaminoethanol and the structures of their modified alkoxides were studied by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and EXAFS. The YBa2Cu3O7−x precursor, prepared by hydrolysis of the present solution of alkoxides, was calcined at 850°C for 3 h to give YBa2Cu3O7−x powder as a single phase. This powder was sintered between 9

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3

Katayama, Shingo, and Masahiro Sekine. "Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O superconducting films fabricated using metal alkoxides." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 1 (1991): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0036.

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Superconducting films in the Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O systems were made using metal alkoxides. To prepare a dip-coating solution using a mixed alkoxide solution, insoluble Cu and Bi alkoxides were dissolved by modification with 2-dimethylaminoethanol and formation of a double alkoxide, respectively. Formation of the double alkoxides of Bi with Ca or Sr was confirmed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR. Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O films on yttria-stabilized ZrO2 and single crystal MgO(100) substrates were made using this solution. The films were closely oriented along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. The film on MgO(100)

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4

Katayama, Shingo, and Masahiro Sekine. "Fabrication of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x fibers by the sol-gel method using metal alkoxides." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 8 (1991): 1629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1629.

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Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x fibers were fabricated by the sol-gel method using modified metal alkoxides. To prepare a heterometallic alkoxide as a precursor of a homogeneous and viscous sol, Y and Cu alkoxides were modified with ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) and ethylenediamine (en), respectively. Their structures were determined by FT-IR and EXAFS. The heterometallic alkoxide was synthesized by partial hydrolysis of the modified alkoxides and was further hydrolyzed and concentrated to obtain a viscous sol. This sol had good spinability and was spun into gel fibers by a spinning apparatus. The gel

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5

Sarazen, Michele L., and Enrique Iglesia. "Stability of bound species during alkene reactions on solid acids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): E3900—E3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619557114.

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This study reports the thermodynamics of bound species derived from ethene, propene, n-butene, and isobutene on solid acids with diverse strength and confining voids. Density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic data indicate that covalently bound alkoxides form C–C bonds in the kinetically relevant step for dimerization turnovers on protons within TON (0.57 nm) and MOR (0.67 nm) zeolitic channels and on stronger acids HPW (polyoxometalate clusters on silica). Turnover rates for mixed alkenes give relative alkoxide stabilities; the respective adsorption constants are obtained from in situ infra

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6

Hanf, Schirin, Carlos Lizandara-Pueyo, Timo Philipp Emmert, Ivana Jevtovikj, Roger Gläser, and Stephan Andreas Schunk. "Synthetic Routes to Crystalline Complex Metal Alkyl Carbonates and Hydroxycarbonates via Sol–Gel Chemistry—Perspectives for Advanced Materials in Catalysis." Catalysts 12, no. 5 (2022): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12050554.

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Metal alkoxides are easily available and versatile precursors for functional materials, such as solid catalysts. However, the poor solubility of metal alkoxides in organic solvents usually hinders their facile application in sol–gel processes and complicates access to complex carbonate or oxidic compounds after hydrolysis of the precursors. In our contribution we have therefore shown three different solubilization strategies for metal alkoxides, namely the derivatization, the hetero-metallization and CO2 insertion. The latter strategy leads to a stoichiometric insertion of CO2 into the metal–o

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7

Masuda, Yoshio, Rikuro Ogawa, Yoshio Kawate, Kazuo Matsubara, Tuyoshi Tateishi, and Sumio Sakka. "Preparation of YBa2Cu3O7−x superconducting films through the sol-gel method using metal alkoxides as starting materials." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 4 (1992): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0819.

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YBa2Cu3O7−x superconducting films have been prepared on a YSZ ceramic substrate through the sol-gel method using metal alkoxides of Y, Ba, and Cu. A homogeneous solution containing the three metal alkoxides was prepared by dissolving the copper alkoxide, which is otherwise insoluble, in diaminoalcohol. The gel film, formed by dipping the substrate into the sol of 80 °C and withdrawing it up, was converted to a ceramic film consisting of YBa2Cu3O7−x phase by sintering at 850 °C for 30 min. The resulting film of about 10 μm in thickness showed zero resistivity (Tc end) at 54 K. Cold isostatic pr

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8

Rakesh, Bohra. "Structural aspects of some modified metal-alkoxides and related molecular precursors to ceramic materials by the sol-gel processing." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 82, Mar 2005 (2005): 197–213. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826766.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, India <em>E-mail</em> : rkbohra@satyam.net.in There is an increasing interest in designing better modified metal-alkoxide precursors for the deposition of metal-oxides and organic-inorganic hybrid materials by sol-gel/MOCVD techniques. In the alkoxide based sol-gel processes, gelation occurs through the development of a polymeric network formed as a consequence of the initial hydrolysis of the metal-alkoxides in the presence of water and its subsequent polymerization by condensation mechanism. Modifiers such as β-dikctones,

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9

Horiguchi, Towa, Takahiro Muto, Miwa Taguchi, and Mikihiro Nomura. "Development of water vapor recovery membrane for efficient recycling system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2812, no. 1 (2024): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2812/1/012015.

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Abstract In wastewater treatment at semiconductor plants separation operations are currently conducted mainly by distillation. Membrane distillation using ceramic surface-treated membranes is expected to provide more efficient separation. In this study, we investigated the improvement of acid resistance of surface-treated ceramic membranes by using four silicon alkoxides, Hexamethyldisiloxane(HMDS), Dimethyldimethoxysilane(DMDMOS), 3,3,3-Trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (TFPrTMOS), Tetramethoxysilane(TMOS) were used as surface treatment and it was performed in the gas phase. The water vapor per

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10

Ambreen, Subia, Mohammad Danish, Narendra D. Pandey, and Ashutosh Pandey. "Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta2O5 nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (March 13, 2017): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.65.

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Ta2O5 nanoparticles have been synthesized from alkoxy carboxylates of tantalum via the sol–gel route. Tantalum alkoxides were reacted with chlorocarboxylic acids in order to lower the susceptibility hydrolysis. When these modified alkoxy carboxylates were used in the sol–gel synthesis, they yielded Ta2O5 nanoparticles of better properties than those of the alkoxide-derived Ta2O5 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles efficiently removed rhodamine B under UV light irradiation.

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11

Wang, Changhong, Shenghai Yang, and Yongming Chen. "Determination of the vapour pressure curves and vaporization enthalpies of hafnium alkoxides using thermogravimetric analysis." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 1 (2019): 181193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181193.

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In order to identify a volatile metallo-organic precursor for the deposition of hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ) films for atomic layer deposition (ALD) applications, the evaporative properties of hafnium alkoxides (hafnium isopropoxide, hafnium n -propoxide and hafnium n -butoxide) were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. These hafnium alkoxide samples were synthesized by the electrochemical method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and inductively coupled plasma analysis techniques. The characterization results indicated that the product

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12

Kemmitt, Tim, and William Henderson. "A New Route to Silicon Alkoxides from Silica." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 11 (1998): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98060.

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A novel route to tetraethoxysilane and other silicon alkoxides is described, from amorphous silica (SiO2.nH2O) as the raw material. The reaction of amorphous silica with triethanolamine is enhanced by using an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst, to form a range of triethanolamine-substituted silatrane species. These can undergo alkoxide exchange in acidic alcohols to form alkoxysilatranes, tetraalkoxysilanes, hexaalkoxydisiloxanes and higher siloxanes. Reaction of triethanolamine-substituted silatranes with acetic anhydride produces acetoxysilatrane. Products were identified by multinuclear (1H,

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13

Wang, Xiu Hui, Jian Long Yin, Wei Liu, Hong Gao, and Jin Long Yang. "Hydrolysis Process and Mechanism of Magnesium Aluminate Alkoxides." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.740.

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Superfine, high-purity and well-distributed magnesium aluminate spinel powders were fabricated by controlling alkoxides hydrolysis process. Magnesium aluminate alkoxides were prepared by sol-gel with magnesium, aluminum and n-butyl alcohol as starting materials. Magnesium aluminate spinel powders were fabricated by double alkoxides sintering at 1200 °C for 1h. Controlling hydrolyzing process could obtain the optimum gel time and spinel powders were analyzed by OMEC LS-800 type Laser Particle Size Analyzer. Integrated gel time and particle size, the optimum hydrolyzing parameters are obtained f

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14

Hubbe, Martin A., Ute Henniges, Antje Potthast, Kyujin Ahn, and Richard D. Smith. "Nonaqueous solution deacidification treatments to prolong the storage life of acidic books: A review of mechanistic and process aspects." BioResources 13, no. 3 (2018): 7096–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.hubbe.

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According to published studies, certain nonaqueous solution-based treatments can be highly effective for prolonging the useful lives of bound volumes, within which the paper had been formed under acidic papermaking conditions. Such treatments, which typically use reactive alkoxide-based organometallic compounds dissolved in low-surface-tension liquids, have been shown to decrease the tendency of the paper to become brittle during long storage or during accelerated aging. This article reviews published evidence concerning the underlying mechanisms of such treatments. Evidence suggests that diss

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15

Toman, Luděk, Petr Vlček, Miloslav Sufčák, Alexander Pleska, Jiří Spěváček, and Petr Holler. "Effect of Lithium tert-Alkoxides on Anionic Polymerization of Butadiene Initiated with a Bifunctional Initiator." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 3 (2000): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20000352.

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Polymerization of buta-1,3-diene initiated by bifunctional dilithium initiator in tert-butyl methyl ether, hexane and hexane-toluene mixtures was studied in the presence of Li tert-butoxide, 2-methylpentan-2-olate, 3-methylpentan-3-olate or 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-olate. The alkoxides lower the overall polymerization rate and affect, to a certain extent, microstructure of formed polymers. When applied in a concentration equal to that of the initiating centres, they lower the content of vinyl structures in polybutadiene by 10-12%. Increasing concentration of the alkoxide has no perceptible effect a

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16

Davis, E. James, and Mark F. Buehler. "Chemical Reactions with Single Microparticles." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 1 (1990): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006070x.

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Fine particles can be produced via aerosol processes either by means of vapor phase reactions that produce solid or liquid particles or by reactions between a preexisting solid or liquid particle and a reactive gas. This article examines the latter processes because a strong interest has developed in the production of materials via aerosol processing. Although fine particles are frequently produced using flow systems, such as in the laminar flow aerosol reactor of McRae and his co-workers, fundamental studies of the chemical kinetics are more readily done using single microparticles or microdr

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17

Chandler, CD, GD Fallon, AJ Koplick та BO West. "The Structures of Mono and Bis β-Diketonate Tin(IV) Alkoxide Complexes". Australian Journal of Chemistry 40, № 8 (1987): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9871427.

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Tin(IV) alkoxides react with pentane-2,4-dione (acetylacetone) and other β-diketones to yield Sn(OR)3(chel) or Sn(OR)2(chel)2 derivatives. Sn(Opri)3(acac) has been shown to be dimeric in the solid state by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, the tin atoms being linked by two alkoxide bridges. In solution l19sn n.m.r. spectral data show that this single complex rapidly converts into a mixture of tin-containing species followed by slow disproportionation to the bis derivative Sn(OPri)2(acac)2 and Sn(Opri)4. The bis complexes Sn(OR)2(acac)2 appear to exist predominantly in solution with cis

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18

Clark, Adrian, and Rolf H. Prager. "Thermal and Base-Induced Cyclizations of N-Heteroarylamidinopropanoates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 6 (2004): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03270.

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The potential cyclization of N-heteroarylamidines to annelated pyrimidines by flash vacuum pyrolysis or by treatment with bases has been investigated. The pyrolytic process with the title compounds is complicated by competing formation and rearrangement of an imidoylketene. The major pyrolysis products, the 4-aminopyrimidin-6-ones, were best prepared from the title compounds by reaction with hindered alkoxides, while the pyrolysis byproducts, the 4-alkoxypyrimidin-6-ones, were conveniently prepared from the appropriate isoxazol-5(2H)-one by reaction with the appropriate alkoxide, followed by a

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19

Shcheglov, P. A., and D. V. Drobot. "Rhenium alkoxides." Russian Chemical Bulletin 54, no. 10 (2005): 2247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-006-0106-5.

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20

Edelmann, A., J. W. Gilje, and F. T. Edelmann. "Lanthanide alkoxides—II. Heterobimetallic alkoxides containing divalent lanthanides." Polyhedron 11, no. 18 (1992): 2421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)83534-2.

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21

Gómez-Sal, Pilar, Avelino Martín, Miguel Mena, Pascual Royo, and Ricardo Serrano. "Monopentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium(IV) halo-alkoxides, alkyl-alkoxides and acetylacetonates." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 419, no. 1-2 (1991): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(91)86165-m.

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22

Wood, D. L., and E. M. Rabinovich. "Study of Alkoxide Silica Gels by Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 2 (1989): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203282.

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The infrared spectra of silica gels made from alkoxides are different from those made from fumed silica, and from the infrared spectra of other amorphous silicas in which the SiO2 network is relatively complete. One important feature of these spectra is the occurrence of an absorption band at 960 cm−1 due to the vibration of dangling -Si-OH bonds in the alkoxide gels, which is not present in many other silicas. There also are less well-defined absorption bands due to structural defects for the alkoxide gels, but their interpretation is speculative. Dried gels made with more concentrated reacta

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23

Haraguchi, Ryosuke, Yoshiaki Takada, and Seijiro Matsubara. "Preparation of cycloheptane ring by nucleophilic cyclopropanation of 1,2-diketones with bis(iodozincio)methane." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2015): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob01474j.

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The nucleophlic cyclopropanation of hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-diones with bis(iodozincio)methane afforded the Zn alkoxides of cyclohepta-2,7-diene-1,2-diols stereospecifically via Zn alkoxides of cis-dialkenylcyclopropane-1,2-diols.

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24

Jana, Surajit, Tania Pape, and Norbert W. Mitzel. "Simple Methylcadmium Alkoxides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 10 (2007): 1339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-1018.

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The reaction of dimethylcadmium with alcohols R-OH in equimolar ratio leads to the formation of tetrameric methylcadmium alkoxides with molecular formula [(MeCd)4 (OR)4] [R = Me (1), Et (2) and iPr (3)]. These compounds have been characterised by 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, by mass spectrometry, elemental analyses and by X-ray crystallography (for 2 and 3). The solid state structures show distorted cubane-type aggregates with Cd4O4 cores. The structural aspects and the spectroscopic characterisations of these compounds are discussed.

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25

Lochmann, L. "Interaction of alkoxides." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 364, no. 3 (1989): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(89)87137-2.

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26

Lochmann, L. "Interactions of alkoxides." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 376, no. 1 (1989): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(89)88067-2.

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27

Kovsman, E. P., S. I. Andruseva, L. I. Solovjeva, V. I. Fedyaev, M. N. Adamova, and T. V. Rogova. "Electrochemical synthesis of metal alkoxides. Prospects of commercial alkoxides production." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 2, no. 1-3 (1994): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00486214.

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28

Nishiyama, Tomihiro, Hideaki Kameyama, Hideki Maekawa, and Kouhei Watanuki. "Ether synthesis using trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride or triflates under mild reaction conditions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 2 (1999): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-018.

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Reactions of magnesium alkoxides with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride or triflates gave corresponding symmetrical or unsymmetrical ethers in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. The scope and limitations of the reaction are discussed.Key words: ethers, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, triflates, magnesium alkoxides.

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29

RAM, C. MEHROTRA. "Heterometal Alkoxides as Precursors in the Sol-Gel Process." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 71, .June-Aug 1994 (1994): 315–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5895331.

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University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002 <em>Manuscript received 13 September 1993</em> The synthesis of bimetallic alkoxides has been followed by the preparation of intriguingly stable heterometal alkoxides containing three or four different metal atoms in the same molecular species, which has led to the possibility of molecularly designing a single source precursor suited to the composition of the targeted final ceramic. This has been made feasible by the extraordinary stability of the framework of heterometal alkoxides, which appears to remain intact during the initial hydrolysis reaction

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30

J., S. BANAIT, LAL BHAGIRATH, and SINGH BALJIT. "Electrochemical Reactions at Sacrificial Electrodes. Part-VIII. Synthesis of Aluminium Alkoxides and their Coordination Compounds." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 71, Sep 1994 (1994): 543–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896114.

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Department of Chemistry, Punjabi Univeristy, Patiala-147 002 <em>Manuscript received 20 June 1991, revised 16 December 1992, accepted 28 July 1993</em> Aluminium alkoxides, AI(OR)<sub>3</sub> (R = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-amyl groups), have been synthesised by the direct electrochemical technique. Though these alkoxides do not form coordination compounds when refluxed with 1,10-phenanthroline, yet coordination compounds of all these alkoxides have been synthesised with 1,10-phenanthroline by the electrochemical method. The products have been characterised by elemental analysis an

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31

Kizlink, Juraj, and Ivan Pastucha. "Preparation of Dimethyl Carbonate from Methanol and Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Sn(IV) and Ti(IV) Alkoxides and Metal Acetates." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 4 (1995): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19950687.

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The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by the reaction of methanol with carbon dioxide in the presence of metal alkoxides and metal carboxylates was studied. The best results have been achieved with Ti(IV) and Sn(IV) alkoxides which at 130 to 180 °C and low CO2 pressures yield dimethyl carbonate in 30 to 100 mole % or 40 to 130 mole % yields with respect to the metal alkoxides, depending on the carbon dioxide (gaseous and solid one, respectively). The yields can be further increased up to 70 - 190 mole % and 90 - 270 mole %, respectively, by the use of chemical scavengers of the reaction water.

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Dumoulin, Matthieu, Wael Hamd, Elsa Thune, Cyrille Rochas, and René Guinebretiere. "In situ time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering observation of the fractal aggregation process in tin alkoxide polymeric solution." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 2 (2016): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716000297.

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SnO2 transparent gels have been synthesized from alkoxide precursor in toluene-2-propanol solvents. The chemical reactivity of transition metal alkoxides must be controlled in order to obtain sols and gels. In tin alkoxide based systems, this control can be achieved through complexation by a chelating agent such as acetylacetone. The gelation of the sols has been studied by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble on the BM02 beamline. After the addition of water, primary particles are created and stick progressively to

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33

Briančin, J., Ľubomír Medvecký, Helena Bruncková, and M. Kmecová. "PZT Ceramics Prepared from Two Phase Gels." Key Engineering Materials 290 (July 2005): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.290.353.

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[Pb(Zr,Ti)(OAc)x(OR)y] acetate-alkoxide precursor was prepared by chelating from organic Pb, Zr and Ti alkoxides by their dissolution in various amounts of acetic acid (AcOH). The optimum mole ratio of (Pb+Zr+Ti) to AcOH for preparation gel is 1:7 and a pure perovskite phase is formed at 500 °C. At a low AcOH concentration, two-phase (pyrochlore and perovskite) regions are formed during gellation. During sintering, the decomposition of a pyrochlore phase and the formation of a perovskite phase takes place Dependences of dielectric permitivities and losses on temperature in final PZT ceramics w

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34

Lochmann, Lubomír, Hana Jakubův, and Lambert Brandsma. "The Effect of Lithium Alkoxides on Deprotonizations by Superbases Made from Butyllithium and Potassium tert-Pentoxide." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 6 (1993): 1445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931445.

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The presence or absence of lithium tert-pentoxide (t-PeOLi) in Superbases, prepared from butyllithium (BuLi) and potasium tert-pentoxide (t-PeOK), affects the metallation rate of toluene only slightly, the rate factors being between 1.0 and 0.3. Thus, lithium alkoxide is not essential for the high reactivity of Superbases. However, the ring-to-side chain metallation ratio is increased in the presence of t-PeOLi. On the other hand, an excess of t-PeOK (molar ratio t-PeOK/BuLi ≥ 3)considerably increases in the rate and yield of the side chain methallation of toluene and suppresses its ring mrtal

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35

Schubert, Ulrich, Maria Bendova, Matthias Czakler, Christian Maurer, and Claudia Visinescu. "The structural chemistry of titanium alkoxide derivatives with OH-substituted bidentate ligands." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 151, no. 11 (2020): 1697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-020-02698-z.

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Abstract The organically modified titanium alkoxides Ti2(Oi-Pr)4(OOCCMe2O)2(i-PrOH)2 and Ti4(Oi-Pr)4(SA)6 were obtained from the reaction of Ti(Oi-Pr)4 with 2-hydroxy-isobutyric acid and salicyladoxime (SA-H2), respectively. Reaction of 1,3-dibenzoyl acetone (DBA-H) did not result in a substituted titanium alkoxide derivative, but instead in the oxo cluster Ti4O2(Oi-Pr)8(DBA)2 after allowing moisture to diffuse into the reaction mixture. The three titanium compounds show common structural features which are different to derivatives void of ligand OH groups. The latter play a decisive role in c

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36

Edelmann, Frank T., Alexander Steiner, Dietmar Stalke, John W. Gilje, Susan Jagner, and Mikael H»kansson. "Lanthanide alkoxides—III. Four-coordinate anionic neodymium(III) alkoxides and amides." Polyhedron 13, no. 4 (1994): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)84729-4.

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37

Bradley, D. C., and M. M. Faktor. "Pyrolysis of metal alkoxides. I. Thermal stability of some zirconium alkoxides." Journal of Applied Chemistry 9, no. 8 (2007): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010090810.

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38

Gbureck, A., U. Gbureck, W. Kiefer, U. Posset, and R. Thull. "FT-Raman Spectroscopic Investigations of Titanium Alkoxides with Polymerizable Organic Ligands." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 3 (2000): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949465.

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Chelating agents are frequently used in sol-gel chemistry to decrease hydrolytic reactivity and uncontrolled precipitation of titanium alkoxides. The use of polymerizable organic compounds as chelating agents allows for the formation of copolymers consisting of hybrid inorganic/organic networks. The main task of this study was the analytical characterization of new molecular precursors and organically modified titanium oxide films. Methacrylic acid, itaconic anhydride, isoeugenol, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid were reacted with titanium isopropoxide and titanium ethoxide to fo

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39

Suyama, Yoko, Tetsuya Yamada, Yosuke Hirano, Kazuo Takamura, and Kenjiro Takahashi. "New Synthesis Process of Li, Na and K Niobates from Metal Alkoxides." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.7.

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New synthesis process to prepare nano-particles of lithium niobate, sodium niobate and potassium niobate by thermal decomposition of the constituent double metal alkoxides was developed. Single crystals of such double-metal alkoxides as Na-Nb, Li-Nb and K-Nb ethoxides were newly synthesized from a mixed solution of the constituent metal ethoxides. The doublemetal alkoxides of the Li-Nb, Na-Nb and K-Nb systems decomposed at low temperatures below 673 K to form nano-particles of LiNbO3, NaNbO3 and LiNbO3. The lattice constants and crystallite size of the obtained LiNbO3, NaNbO3 and LiNbO3 partic

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40

Pramesh, N. Kapoor, K. Sharma Harish, K. Bhagi Ajay, and Sharma Malti. "Heterobimetallic mixed metal oxide (HMMO) nanoparticles and their applications." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 81, Apr 2004 (2004): 273–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830673.

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Chemistry Department, Delhi University, Delhi-11 0 007, India 3 <em>E-mail:</em> prameshn@yahoo.com; pnkapoor@himalaya.du.ac.in Chemistry Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, India The chemistry of HMMO (heterobimetallic mixed metal oxide) nanoparticles of the type ABO<sub>3</sub> (perovskite), ABO<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (spinel and antispinel) and AB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (pseudobrookite) has been discussed. Their preparation by the sol-gel route using mixtures of alkoxides, heterobimetallic alkoxides and heterobimetallic-µ-oxo alkoxides are described. Phys

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41

Dust, Julian M., та Erwin Buncel. "Reactions of the super-electrophile, 2-(2′,4′-dinitrophenyl)-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole 1-oxide, with methoxide and tert-butoxide: basicity and steric hindrance as factors in σ-complex formation versus nucleophilic displacement". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, № 6 (1991): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-143.

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The course of the reactions of methoxide and tert-butoxide with 2-(2′,4′-dinitrophenyl)-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole 1-oxide (4) clearly shows that the C-7 electrophilic site is significantly more reactive than the C-1′ site of the substrate. The reaction pathways of these alkoxides, which differ in basicity (as a measure of nucleophilicity) and steric bulk, were followed by 400 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. While both alkoxides lead to immediate formation of the respective C-7 anionic σ-adducts, a greater percentage of C-7 adduct formation occurs with methoxide as attacking nucl

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42

Lichtenberg, Andreas, Lidia Inderdühnen, Aida Lichtenberg, and Sanjay Mathur. "Heterobimetallic Uranium(V)-Alkali Metal Alkoxides: Expanding the Chemistry of f-Block Elements." Molecules 30, no. 11 (2025): 2361. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112361.

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Heterobimetallic uranium(V) alkoxides incorporating monovalent alkali metal counterions display remarkable structural versatility, dictated by the steric demands of the alkoxide ligands and the ionic radius of the alkali metal. Compounds of the general formula [UM(OtBu)6] (UM-OtBu-type: M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) were obtained by: (i) reacting [U(OtBu)5(py)] with equimolar amounts of alkali metal silylamides in tert-butyl alcohol, and (ii) oxidative transformation of [UM2(OtBu)6] (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) upon reaction with iodine. Trans-alcoholysis of uranium heterobimetallic tert-butoxides with sterically

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43

Kurajica, Sanislav. "A Brief Review on the Use of Chelation Agents in Sol-gel Synthesis with Emphasis on β-Diketones and β-Ketoesters". Chemical & biochemical engineering quarterly 33, № 3 (2019): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2018.1566.

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Metal alkoxides are the most commonly used sol-gel process precursors. Most<br /> alkoxides show excessive reactivity towards water. That leads to rapid hydrolysis, metal<br /> hydroxide formation, and immediate precipitation. The reactivity of alkoxides can be<br /> reduced by modification with chelation agents. Chelation influences the gelation process,<br /> which is reflected in gel structure and properties of the final material. In this short review,<br /> the chelation process, the oligomerization phenomena, and the influence of the chelating agent on the ge

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44

Pramesh, N. Kapoor, K. Sharma Harish, K. Bhagi Ajay, and Sharma Malti. "Heterobimetallic mixed metal oxide (HMMO) nanoparticles and their applications." Journal Of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 81, Apr 2004 (2004): 273–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785916.

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chemistry Department, Delhi University, Delhi-11 0 007, India E-mail: prameshn@yahoo.com; pnkapoor@himalaya.du.ac.in Chemistry Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, India The chemistry of <strong>HMMO</strong> (heterobimetallic mixed metal oxide) nanoparticles of the type <strong>ABO<sub>3</sub></strong> (perovskite), <strong>AB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></strong> (spinel and antispinel) and <strong>AB<sub>2</sub>O</strong><sub><strong>5</strong> </sub>(pseudobrookite} has been discussed. Their preparation by the sol-gel route using mixtures of alkoxides, heterobimetallic alko

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45

Metelkina, Olga, and Ulrich Schubert. "Reaction of Metal Alkoxides with Lysine: Substitution of Alkoxide Ligands vs . Lactam Formation." Monatshefte f�r Chemie / Chemical Monthly 134, no. 8 (2003): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-003-0032-2.

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46

Tran, Thomas, Nusrat Jahan, D. Gerrard Marangoni, and T. Bruce Grindley. "Synthesis of surfactants based on pentaerythritol. II. Anionic gemini surfactants." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, no. 11 (2013): 1085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0256.

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Efficient syntheses of three series of anionic gemini surfactants based on pentaerythritol are described. A series of disulfates was prepared by the double displacement of the two cyclic sulfates in the S4-symmetric compound pentaerythritol spirobicyclic sulfate (1) with linear alkoxides. A second series of disulfates was prepared by reaction of the dialkoxides of di-O-alkylpentaerythritols with ethylene sulfate. The di-O-alkylpentaerythritols can be prepared as previously reported by us or by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the first series of disulfates. A series of disulfonates was prepare

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47

Kampars, Valdis, Zane Abelniece, and Sabine Blaua. "The Unanticipated Catalytic Activity of Lithium tert-Butoxide/THF in the Interesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methyl Acetate." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (March 11, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1509706.

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Conventionally, the biodiesel (mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) production proceeds by transesterification of triglycerides with methanol accordingly by the formation of glycerol as a by-product, which cannot be included in biofuel composition. Biodiesel could also be produced via interesterification ensuring full conversion of oil to biofuel, consisting of FAME and triacetin. The most effective catalysts for interesterification reactions are alkali metal alkoxides. The effectivity of alkoxide catalyst depends on its solubility determined by the structure of the alkyl chain. In our p

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48

Baumann, Stefan O., Michael Puchberger, and Ulrich Schubert. "Oximate-substituted zirconium alkoxides." Dalton Transactions 40, no. 6 (2011): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0dt00384k.

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49

Turevskaya, E. P., N. Ya Turova, A. V. Korolev, A. I. Yanovsky, and Yu T. Struchkov. "Bimetallic alkoxides of niobium." Polyhedron 14, no. 12 (1995): 1531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(94)00445-k.

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50

Yamasaki, Shingo, Motomu Kanai, and Masakatsu Shibasaki. "Zirconium Alkoxides in Catalysis." Chemistry - A European Journal 7, no. 19 (2001): 4066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20011001)7:19<4066::aid-chem4066>3.0.co;2-k.

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