Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alkyl groups

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alkyl groups'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Alkyl groups"

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Rebek, Jr., Julius. "Contortions of encapsulated alkyl groups." Chemical Communications, no. 27 (2007): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b617548a.

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Brändström, Arne. "Prediction of Taft’s σ* parameter for alkyl groups and alkyl groups containing polar substituents". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, № 9 (1999): 1855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a904819g.

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González-Pérez, Adán B., Alexander Grechkin, and Ángel R. de Lera. "Rearrangement of vinyl allene oxide geometric isomers to cyclopentenones. Further computational insights with biologically relevant model systems." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 13 (2017): 2846–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob02791a.

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A computational study of the rearrangement of vinyl allene oxides of biological relevance, which include alkyl (methyl, propyl) or unsaturated groups (allyl, crotyl) attached to the C<sub>sp3</sub> atom has revealed interesting insights into the formation of naturally occurring cyclopentenones.
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Schramm, Michael P., and Julius Rebek. "Moving Targets: Recognition of Alkyl Groups." Chemistry - A European Journal 12, no. 23 (2006): 5924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200600338.

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Brož, Břetislav, and Aleš Marek. "Tritiodefluorination of alkyl C-F groups." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 62, no. 11 (2019): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3782.

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Abdukakhkharova, M., A. Ismailov, U. Mirzaev, and R. Ismailov. "OBTAINING SOME THERMOD AINING SOME THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS CONTAINING ME AINING METACRYLATE AND ALL TE AND ALLYL GROUPS CON YL GROUPS CONTAINING IN COMPOSITION." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 1 (2019): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.19.1.-77-0011.

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The article discusses the preparation of some thermodynamic parameters characterizing the final product of complex radical polymerization of amino alkyl acrylate derivatives containing both methacrylate and alkyl groups of low molecular weight compounds with electron acceptors - polymerization initiators at temperatures that exclude thermal decomposition of the initiators themselves. The equilibrium constant of the complication reaction and the molar extinction coefficient of the complex were determined by graphically solving the Bеneshe-Hildebrand equation, the heats of complex formation, ent
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Tian, Juan, Dayong Sang, Xiaodong Tu, Zhoujun He, and Ming Yao. "Cleavage of Catechol Monoalkyl Ethers by Aluminum Triiodide–Dimethyl Sulfoxide." Synthesis 51, no. 03 (2018): 704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610996.

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Using eugenol and vanillin as model substrates, a practical method is developed for the cleavage o-hydroxyphenyl alkyl ethers. Aluminum oxide iodide (O=AlI), generated in situ from aluminum triiodide and dimethyl sulfoxide, is the reactive ether cleaving species. The method is applicable to catechol monoalkyl ethers as well as normal phenyl alkyl ethers for the removal of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups. A variety of functional groups such as alkenyl, allyl, amide, cyano, formyl, keto, nitro, and halogen are well tolerated under the optimum conditions. Partial hydrodebromination wa
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Sasaki, Yu F. "How Bulky of Base Adducts can be Responsible for Clastogenicity rather than Mutagenicity?" Advances in Clinical Toxicology 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/act-16000256.

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Two types of TK mutants are induced by genotoxic factors; normally growing (NG) TK mutants due to point mutations of targeted TK locus, and slowly growing (SG) mutants due to gross structural changes involving the growth-regulating gene outside targeted TK locus. In this study, human lymphoblstoid WTK1 cells were used to consider how bulky n- alkylated bases can induce SG mutants. For this purpose, n-alkyl methanesulfonates (AMS) having an n-alkyl group with 3-7 carbons [n-propy methanesulfonate (PMS), n-butyl methanesulfonate (BMS), n-pentyl methanesulfonate (PeMS), n- hexyl methanesulfonate
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Huang, Hong-Li, Shan Li, Yong-Zheng Lv та ін. "Efficient Functionalization of Organosulfones via Photoredox Catalysis: Direct Incorporation of α-Carbonyl Alkyl Side Chains into α-Allyl-β-Ketosulfones". Molecules 29, № 9 (2024): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29091971.

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A novel and efficient method for functionalizing organosulfones has been established, utilizing a visible-light-driven intermolecular radical cascade cyclization of α-allyl-β-ketosulfones. This process employs fac-Ir(ppy)3 as the photoredox catalyst and α-carbonyl alkyl bromide as the oxidizing agent. Via this approach, the substrates experience intermolecular addition of α-carbonyl alkyl radicals to the alkene bonds, initiating a sequence of C-C bond formations that culminate in the production of organosulfone derivatives. Notably, this technique features gentle reaction conditions and an exc
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Matsuyama, Kazuo, Takashi Sugiura, and Yoshihiko Minoshima. "Substituent Effects of Alkyl Groups on the Decomposition of tert-Alkyl Peroxides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 17 (1995): 5520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a035.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alkyl groups"

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Kovacevic, Luka Stefan. "Transfer of alkyl groups in novel amidine dications and other superelectrophiles." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23158.

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This thesis explores the synthesis and the reactivity of novel amidine salts resulting from various N-methylformamides and N-methylbenzamides I and II. Treatment of these compounds with triflic anhydride under mild conditions led to extremely facile alkyl transfer from an sp3-hybridised nitrogen centre to very weakly nucleophilic triflate anions. For the reaction pathway of substrates III and VII, in silico studies propose an equilibrium between the more stable tetrahedral triflate intermediate IV and the superelectrophilic amidinium disalt V from which dealkylation takes place. The unpreceden
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Thornton, Terry L. (Terry Lee) 1962. "Mixed Alkyllithim/Lithium Alkoxide Aggregates with Less Sterically Crowded Alkyl Groups." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278441/.

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Mixed alkyllithium / lithium alkoxide aggregates in the form (RLi)n(ROLi)m were formed by addition of corresponding alcohol compounds at different Li/O ratios. Variable temperature 13C and 6Li NMR spectroscopy were used to verify the formation of the mixed aggregates and to study their behavior in hydrocarbon solution. Spectra for the lithium n-propoxide / n-propyllithium and iso-butyllithium / lithium iso-butoxide systems each indicated at least one mixed aggregate.
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Riihimäki, H. (Helena). "Substituent groups in aryl- and arylalkylphosphanes: effects on coordination chemistry and catalytic properties." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514270452.

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Abstract Thirty phosphane ligands were prepared and characterized. Aryl groups of the phosphane ligands were modified through change in functionality. The side chains were the following: trifluoromethylphenyl, selenomethylphenyl, 9-anthryl, alkyl-substituted aryl groups, and pyridyl and alkyl groups. In addition, three chromium carbonyl complexes of potentially bidentate arylphosphanes containing nitrogen heteroatoms were prepared and characterized. Characterization of the isolated complexes verified the monodentate coordination from phosphorus and two bidentate coordination modes, (P,N)-bound
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Rauber, Daniel [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Hempelmann. "Preparation, characterization and applications of ionic liquids with perfluorinated alkyl groups / Daniel Rauber ; Betreuer: Rolf Hempelmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192754956/34.

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Rauber, Daniel Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hempelmann. "Preparation, characterization and applications of ionic liquids with perfluorinated alkyl groups / Daniel Rauber ; Betreuer: Rolf Hempelmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192754956/34.

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Paige, Danny R. "The synthesis, co-ordination chemistry and catalytic applications of phosphine ligands containing long-chain perfluoro-alkyl groups." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30022.

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A review is presented of the use of catalytic liquid-liquid biphase systems containing a perfluorinated phase, commonly referred to as 'fluorous biphase systems' or F.B.S. catalysis. The phosphines PPh(3-x)(C2H4C6F13), PPh(3-x)(C6H4-p-C6F13)x and PPh(3-x)(C6H4-m-C6F13), where x = 1, 2 and 3, have been synthesised and fully characterised by 1H, 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis, with a view to assessing their potential for use in F.B.S. catalysis. The crystal structures of O=P(C6H4-m-C6F13) and Cl-P(C6H4-o-C6F13)2 are also reported. The synthetic route to P(
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Sannigrahi, B. "Group transfer polymerization of alkyl (meth) acrylates." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1997. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3300.

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Harding, Nigel Anthony. "β-thia-alkyl complexes of platinum group metals". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283721.

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Yang, Gang. "SYNTHESIS OF A POLYMER/ N-ALKYL UREA PEPTOID CONJUGATE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380613053.

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Jaggar, Andrew James. "The synthesis and reactions of cationic alkyl complexes of group(IV) transition metals." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332355.

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Books on the topic "Alkyl groups"

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Coffey, P. E. The synthesis and characterisation of hexa-alkoxy-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes with straight-chain alkyl groups of5 to 10 carbons long. UMIST, 1994.

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Lancaster, Simon John. Cationic group IV metal alkyls as polymerisation catalysts. University of East Anglia, 1992.

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Jaggar, Andrew J. The synthesis and reactions of cationic alkyl complexes of group (IV) transition metals. University of East Anglia, 1992.

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Rauch, Michael S. Main Group Metal Hydride, Alkyl and Fluoride Complexes: Towards CO2 Functionalization with Earth Abundant Metals. [publisher not identified], 2019.

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GeR4 Compounds and Ge(CH3) 3R Compounds up to Cyclic Alkyl Groups. Springer, 2013.

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Chestakova, Alexandra. Interfacial equilibrium and dynamic properties of telechelic poly(ethylene oxide) end-capped by alkyl groups. 2003.

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Gwin, Janice L. Effect of ionizable surface groups on the adsorption of linear alkyl sulfates on polystyrene latex surfaces. 1988.

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Benefiel, Annamarie. Kinetic and mechanistic studies of alkyl transfers from coordinated sulfur ligands of group VIII metal complexes. 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alkyl groups"

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Ohashi, Yuji. "Photoisomerization of Alkyl Groups in Cobaloxime Complexes." In Crystalline State Photoreactions. Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54373-2_5.

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Ohashi, Yuji. "Racemizations of Alkyl Groups in Cobaloxime Complex Crystals." In Crystalline State Photoreactions. Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54373-2_3.

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Grimmett, M. R. "Alkyl Groups." In Five-Membered Hetarenes with Two Nitrogen or Phosphorus Atoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-012-00779.

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Collier, S. J. "Alkyl Groups." In Five-Membered Hetarenes with Three or More Heteroatoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-013-00615.

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"7.3 Alkyl Esters." In Protecting Groups, edited by Philip J. Kocieński. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0035-108290.

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Larsen, R. D. "By Alkyl Groups." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with One Nitrogen or Phosphorus Atom. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-015-01050.

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Ulrich, H. "Of Alkyl Groups." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00152.

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"4.3 Alkyl Ethers (I)." In Protecting Groups, edited by Philip J. Kocieński. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0035-108263.

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"4.3 Alkyl Ethers (II)." In Protecting Groups, edited by Philip J. Kocieński. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0035-108264.

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"8.6 N-Alkyl Derivatives." In Protecting Groups, edited by Philip J. Kocieński. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0035-108300.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alkyl groups"

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Olivo, J. M. Domínguez, Shuyun Cao, D. Young, B. Brown, and S. Nesic. "Effect of Corrosion Inhibitor Head Group on the Electrochemical Processes Governing CO2 Corrosion." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14925.

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Abstract The use of corrosion inhibitors is a common practice used to mitigate internal pipeline corrosion in the oil and gas industry. An organic corrosion inhibitor is a molecule comprised of a head group (hydrophilic part) and an alkyl tail (hydrophobic part). Despite the significant amount of work associating the effect of the head group with the mode of adsorption of the inhibitor (such as bonding, effect on the tilt angle of the tail, and hysteresis), there is a lack of research relating the effect of the head group with the electrochemical processes governing the corrosion of mild steel
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Ramachandran, S., and V. Jovancicevic. "Molecular Modeling of the Inhibition of Mild Steel CO2 Corrosion by Imidazolines." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98017.

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Abstract Imidazolines have been used to inhibit corrosion in carbon dioxide solutions. Molecular modeling techniques have been used to study the adsorption and film formation of imidazolines onto iron oxide. The studies have determined 1) the binding of imidazoline and amide functional groups to an iron oxide surface, 2) the orientation of imidazoline molecules on the surface, and 3) the cohesive energy of formation of a bilayer of imidazoline molecules as a function of alkyl chain length. Molecular modeling techniques aid the development of improved corrosion inhibitors by quantifying the rol
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Soriaga, Manuel P., G. M. Berry, C. Bhardwaj, et al. "Chemisorption of Organic Molecules on Metal Electrode Surfaces." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90300.

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Abstract The chemisorption of various organic functional groups from aqueous solutions onto smooth single-crystal and polycrystalline electrodes, and the resistance of the resulting monolayer intermediates towards electrochemical oxidation have been studied; these investigations were motivated by the need to understand, at the atomic level, metal passivation by monolayer organic coatings. The electrodes employed were Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au whose anodic dissolution is preceded by surface-oxide formation even in highly acidic media. Resistance towards anodic oxidation can thus be associated with
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Olivo, J. M. Domínguez, D. Young, B. Brown, and S. Nesic. "Effect of Corrosion Inhibitor Alkyl Tail Length on the Electrochemical Process Underlying CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11537.

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Abstract Surfactant-type organic corrosion inhibitors are widely used in the oil and gas industry to mitigate internal pipeline corrosion. Their molecular structure is comprised of a polar head group and a non-polar alkyl tail, with different lengths. Despite many studies qualitatively associating the alkyl tail length to the corrosion mitigation efficiency, there is are no systematic studies and no clear mechanistic explanation in the literature about how the alkyl tail length affects the corrosion process. Consequently, the goal of this research was to relate inhibitor alkyl tail length to c
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Singh, Himanshu, and Sumit Sharma. "Designing Corrosion Inhibitors with High Aqueous Solubility and Low Tendency towards Micellization: a Molecular Dynamics Study." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15079.

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Abstract Two desirable characteristics of corrosion inhibitors is their high aqueous solubility and their low tendency to micellize. In this work, we propose that addition of a polar moiety to the terminal end of the alkyl tail of the quaternary ammonium-based corrosion inhibitors improves both these characteristics. Our molecular simulation results show that corrosion inhibitors with a hydroxyl group as the terminal group of alkyl tail results in three orders of magnitude increase in the aqueous solubility and also significantly decreases the micellization tendency. These results are signific
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Zheng, Wei, and John J. Myers. "Adhesion Tests and Failure Modes Study on Structural Steel Coatings." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00046.

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Abstract Pull-off adhesion behaviors of 15 coating systems in three groups were studied utilizing test method ASTM D4541. Three groups of coating systems included coating systems with organic or inorganic zinc-rich primers, polymeric polyurea coatings, and overcoating systems applied on an existing coating system. The adhesion strength and failure mode of each coating system under different conditions were investigated and compared. The advantages and drawbacks for each coating group regarding adhesional performance were summarized in this paper. For most coating systems in this study, the imp
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Wang, Jiahao, and Takahiro Kozawa. "Dissolution dynamics of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) partially protected with t-butoxycarbonyl group in alkyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide aqueous developers." In International Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography 2024, edited by Joern-Holger Franke, Kurt G. Ronse, Paolo A. Gargini, Patrick P. Naulleau, and Toshiro Itani. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3032260.

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Domínguez Olivo, J. M., B. Brown, D. Young, and S. Nesic. "Electrochemical Model of CO2 Corrosion in the Presence of Quaternary Ammonium Corrosion Inhibitor Model Compounds." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13392.

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Abstract The oil and gas industry utilizes surfactant-type organic corrosion inhibitors to mitigate internal pipeline corrosion. Changes in corrosion rates due to inhibitor addition have been related to adsorption isotherms as a function of the inhibitor concentration. However, the question as to how a corrosion inhibitor affects the electrochemical reactions governing CO2 corrosion remains unclear. This research proposed to investigate the issue by using a systematic approach: four different corrosion inhibitor model compounds, synthesized in-house, were utilized to determine the effect of th
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Silva, Victor Hugo Malamace da, and Glaucio Braga Ferreira. "Chemical interaction study between xanthate ligand and lead (II) using NBO, EDA and QTAIM analysis." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020159.

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As a useful flotation agent, the xanthate ligand, O-alkyldithiocarbonates, has been used by different countries by its easy and inexpensive synthesis. More recently papers explored many different applications using this ligand within a complex of several metals cation. In order to study the proprieties of the lead (II) complex with such ligand, the object of this work is to provide a better understanding of the Pb-S bond using different theoretical approaches as NBO, EDA and QTAIM analysis and the influence caused by the different alkyl groups of the ligand. By an optimized structure, the NBO
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Perez, Carlos, Stephen M. Walton, and Margaret S. Wooldridge. "An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Functional Group Structure on Particulate Matter and NO Emissions of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41947.

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The effects of alkyl group size on nitric oxide and soot emissions in small esters was investigated using a multi-element diffusion burner (a Hencken burner) and pool fires at atmospheric pressure. The esters were chosen to examine chemical structure characteristics, e.g. carboxylic acid length, while holding other parameters constant (molecular weight, and C:H:O ratio), to determine the effects of various structural parameters on the particulate matter and NO emissions. The esters were chosen to vary alkyl chain length from one to four carbons in both their alcohol and carboxylic acid groups
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Reports on the topic "Alkyl groups"

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Chirachanchai, Suwabun. A Novel ion extraction material derived from silica surface modified silybenzoxazine derivatives via host-guest properties. Chulalongkorn University, 2001. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2001.81.

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Silylbenzoxazine derivatives with different bulky group on benzene ring are synthesized employing aminosilane as a primary amine. The silylbenzoxazine derivatives with more bulky group exhibit low ion extraction percentage due to the difficulty of molecular assembly formation as a result of the bulky group repulsion combining with the long alkyl chain of silane. Silica surface modified benzoxazines are successfully achieved via silylbenzoxazine derivatives and show the ion extraction property for various alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. When silane is coupled onto silica, the benzoxazine
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Luft, Charles, Timothy Schutt, and Manoj Shukla. Properties and mechanisms for PFAS adsorption to aqueous clay and humic soil components. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48490.

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The proliferation of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) has resulted in global concerns over contamination and bioaccumulation. PFAS compounds tend to remain in the environment indefinitely, and research is needed to elucidate the ultimate fate of these molecules. We have investigated the model humic substance and model clay surfaces as a potential environmental sink for the adsorption and retention of three representative PFAS molecules with varying chain length and head groups. Utilizing molecular dynamics simulation, we quantify the ability of pyrophyllite and the humic subst
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Wongkasemjit, Sujitra. Novel synthesis study of high surface area silica : final report. Chulalongkorn University, 2002. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2002.71.

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The sol-gel transition of tetra-coordinated spirosilicate via hydrolysis and condensation under acidic and basic conditions is examined to elucidate the effect of catalyst, reaction time and temperature on the properties of obtained gel. The main advantage of this process is the low temperature employed, producing a solid network with a high specific surface area. FTIR spectroscopy and TGA analysis were used to characterize the formation of siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si). It is found that spirosilicate can be hydrolyzed under both acid and base catalyzed conditions. The condensation rate to silicate
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Percec, V., Q. Zheng, and M. Lee. Molecular Engineering of Liquid Crystal Polymers by Living Polymerization. 13. Synthesis and Living Cationic Polymerization of 4-((S(-)-2- Methyl-1-Butyl)Oxycarbonyl)-4'-(omega-Oxyalkyl-1-Vinyl Ether)Biphenyl with Undecanyl and Hexyl Alkyl Groups. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235791.

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Lampland, Nicole Lynn. Beyond alkyl transfer: Synthesis of main group metal (Mg, Ca, Zn) silyl and tris(oxazolinyl)borato complexes and their stoichiometric and catalytic reactions with borane Lewis acids and carbonyls. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1417988.

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Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Erik Fridell, Jaakko Kukkonen, et al. Environmental impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea area. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361898.

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Description: Shipping is responsible for a range of different pressures affecting air quality, climate, and the marine environment. Most social and economic analyses of shipping have focused on air pollution assessment and how shipping may impact climate change and human health. This risks that policies may be biased towards air pollution and climate change, whilst impacts on the marine environment are not as well known. One example is the sulfur regulation introduced in January 2020, which requires shipowners to use a compliant fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% (0.1% in SECA regions) or use
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