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Journal articles on the topic 'Alkyl polyglycosides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Wu, Wenliang, Hongshuai Gao, Bin Hai, Binqi Wang, Min Yu, and Yi Nie. "Synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides using SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts." RSC Advances 11, no. 24 (2021): 14710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00337b.

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Alkyl polyglycosides (APG), produced from glucose and fatty alcohols, are one kind of renewable green non-ionic surfactants. It is of great significance to develop a green catalyst reaction system for synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides.

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2

von Rybinski, Wolfgang. "Alkyl glycosides and polyglycosides." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 1, no. 5 (October 1996): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0294(96)80096-3.

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3

Schmid, Karl, and Holger Tesmann. "ChemInform Abstract: Alkyl Polyglycosides." ChemInform 32, no. 48 (May 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200148271.

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4

DEMİREL, Volkan, and Ramazan DONAT. "Synthesis of Some Alkyl Polyglycosides." International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1033290.

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5

Brière, Raphaël, Philippe Loubet, Edis Glogic, Boris Estrine, Sinisa Marinkovic, François Jérôme, and Guido Sonnemann. "Life cycle assessment of the production of surface-active alkyl polyglycosides from acid-assisted ball-milled wheat straw compared to the conventional production based on corn-starch." Green Chemistry 20, no. 9 (2018): 2135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc03189k.

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6

Spitzer, Lea, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Henri Cramail, and François Jérôme. "Sequential acid-catalyzed alkyl glycosylation and oligomerization of unprotected carbohydrates." Green Chemistry 23, no. 3 (2021): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc04198j.

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7

El-Sukkary, M. M. A., Nagla A. Syed, Ismail Aiad, and W. I. M. El-Azab. "Synthesis and Characterization of some Alkyl Polyglycosides Surfactants." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 11, no. 2 (March 7, 2008): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-008-1063-9.

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8

Pakpayat, N., F. Nielloud, R. Fortuné, C. Tourne-Peteilh, A. Villarreal, I. Grillo, and B. Bataille. "Formulation of ascorbic acid microemulsions with alkyl polyglycosides." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 72, no. 2 (June 2009): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.01.005.

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9

Bravo, V., E. Jurado, A. García, A. Gálvez, A. Reyes, N. Sabahi, and J. F. Martínez. "Foaming Power and Foam Stability of Several Alkyl Polyglycosides." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 45, no. 4 (July 2008): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.100375.

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10

Chen, Feiyu, Mengsu Liu, Juan Du, and Yan Luo. "Preparation and Properties of Novel Asymmetric Gemini Alkyl Polyglycosides." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 54, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110476.

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11

von Rybinski, W., B. Guckenbiehl, and H. Tesmann. "Influence of co-surfactants on microemulsions with alkyl polyglycosides." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 142, no. 2-3 (December 1998): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00527-5.

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12

Weuthen, M., R. Kawa, K. Hill, and A. Ansmann. "Long Chain Alkyl Polyglycosides–A New Generation of Emulsifiers." Fett Wissenschaft Technologie/Fat Science Technology 97, no. 6 (1995): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19950970603.

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13

Bravo Rodríguez, V., E. Jurado Alameda, J. F. Martínez Gallegos, A. Reyes Requena, and A. I. García López. "Formation of complexes between alkyl polyglycosides and potato starch." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 65, no. 1 (August 2008): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.03.001.

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14

Kim, Jong-Yun, Young-Ah Woo, Hyo-Jin Kim, and Jong-Duk Kim. "Near-infrared spectroscopy as a convenient analytical method for alkyl polyglycosides." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 26, no. 1 (August 2001): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00355-7.

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15

von Rybinski, Wolfgang, and Karlheinz Hill. "Alkyl Polyglycosides—Properties and Applications of a new Class of Surfactants." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 37, no. 10 (June 5, 1998): 1328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19980605)37:10<1328::aid-anie1328>3.0.co;2-9.

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16

Yaminzoda (Yaminova), Zarrina A. "STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES DETERMINING THE EFFICIENCY OF DYING AND RINSING OF TEXTILE MATERIALS." Technologies & Quality 55, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2587-6147-2022-1-55-29-34.

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The article studies the most important properties of surfactants – foaming and wetting ability, stability in a highly alkaline environment, surface activity. Spectrophotometric method showed the intensifying effect of environmentally friendly surfactants Glucopon 2015 and Carboxypav on the process of colouring natural textile materials with dichlorotriazine, vinyl sulfone and bifunctional dyes. The effect of surfactants of various structures on the state of the active dye in solution and the technical results of colouring cellulose and cotton silk fabrics has been evaluated. A synergistic effect of the solubilising action of surfactants – nonionic alkyl polyglycosides (Glucopon 215) and anionic carboxylates (Carboxypav) on active dyes was revealed.

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17

Skorobogatko, D. S., A. N. Golovkov, I. I. Kudinov, and S. I. Kulichkova. "REVISITING THE ECOTOXICITY AND EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF INDUSTRIAL NONIONIC SURFACES USED FOR CLEANING METAL SURFACES IN THE PROCESS OF CAPILLARY CONTROL OF DETAILS OF THE AVIATION TECHNOLOGY (review)." Aviation Materials and Technologies, no. 4 (2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-4-98-106.

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A review of modern classes of nonionic surfactants used for cleaning metal surfaces is carried out. The following aspects are considered: efficiency of cleaning metal surfaces, ecotoxicity, biodegradability, impact on human health. The most promising class of surfactants – alkyl polyglycosides (APG) – for cleaning metal surfaces, including in the process of capillary control, has been determined. It is noted that APGs have shown high efficiency in removing even such contaminants as denatured protein and burnt corn starch from metal surfaces. In addition, APGs have the highest emulsifying ability among industrial surfactants, which effectively affects the reduction in surfactant consumption when cleaning the surfaces.

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18

Zou, Mihua, Jinyang Chen, Yingdi Wang, Mingli Li, Chao Zhang, and Xuanyu Yang. "Alcoholysis of Starch to Produce Alkyl Polyglycosides with Sub-Critical Isooctyl Alcohol." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 19, no. 4 (May 5, 2016): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-016-1832-9.

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19

Bastl-Borrmann, Renate, and Lothar Kroh. "Novel enzymatic assay for determination of alkyl polyglycosides with short chain fatty alcohols." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 371, no. 7 (December 1, 2001): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160101053.

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20

Zhou, Yawen, Shan Wang, Mengdie Lv, Jinping Niu, and Baocai Xu. "Analysis of the Effects of Hydrocarbon Chain on Foam Properties of Alkyl Polyglycosides." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 20, no. 3 (March 25, 2017): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-017-1955-7.

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21

VON RYBINSKI, W., and K. HILL. "ChemInform Abstract: Alkyl Polyglycosides - Properties and Applications of a New Class of Surfactants." ChemInform 29, no. 33 (June 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199833353.

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22

Ludot, Camille, Boris Estrine, Jean Le Bras, Norbert Hoffmann, Sinisa Marinkovic, and Jacques Muzart. "Sulfoxides and sulfones as solvents for the manufacture of alkyl polyglycosides without added catalyst." Green Chemistry 15, no. 11 (2013): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41059e.

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23

Böge, Kai, and Lutz F. Tietze. "Synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides: Effect of catalyst-type on reaction rate and product composition." Lipid - Fett 100, no. 2 (February 1998): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4133(199802)100:2<36::aid-lipi36>3.0.co;2-6.

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24

Kang, Peng, Hujun Xu, and Chunli Song. "Properties of Binary Surfactant System of Alkyl Polyglycosides and α-Sulphonated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 50, no. 3 (May 15, 2013): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110248.

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25

Busch, P., H. Hensen, and H. Tesmann. "Alkylpolyglycoside - eine neue Tensidgeneration für die Kosmetik / Alkyl Polyglycosides — a New Generation of Surfactants for Cosmetics." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 30, no. 2 (March 1, 1993): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1993-300217.

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26

Wen, Yiping, Nanjun Lai, Wenhong Li, Yongqiang Zhang, Zhaofeng Du, Lijuan Han, and Zhiling Song. "Factors influencing the stability of natural gas foam prepared by alkyl polyglycosides and its decay rules." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 196 (January 2021): 108039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.108039.

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27

Gao, Pengtao, Liang Guo, Jian Sun, Yi Wang, Zonglian She, Mengchun Gao, Yangguo Zhao, and Chunji Jin. "Effect of alkyl polyglycosides on the performance of thermophilic bacteria pretreatment for saline waste sludge hydrolysis." Bioresource Technology 296 (January 2020): 122307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122307.

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28

Rikalovic, Milena, Miroslav Vrvic, and Ivanka Karadzic. "Rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: From discovery to application in contemporary technology." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 80, no. 3 (2015): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc140627096r.

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The rhamnolipids are most likely the next generation of biosurfactants which will reach the market. They should follow closely after alkyl polyglycosides, already established in the biosurfactants market, and sophorolipids, which can be found in several cleaning agents. However, the greatest number of recent publications and patents among glycolipid biosurfactants has been dedicated to rhamnolipids. Produced mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rhamnolipids are mixtures of different rhamnolipid congeners, which show physico-chemical properties that differ from those of single congeners, with the most abundant structure in the mixture having the largest impact on the overall characteristics of the total mixture. Characteristics of biodegradability, low toxicity, production from renewable sources and antimicrobial (particularly antifungal) activity together make rhamnolipid biosurfactants particularly promising for broad commercial application. Although to date, bioremediation has been the major topic filed for patents utilizing rhamnolipids, an increasing number of patents for applications in cosmetics, agronomy and food industries, formulation of cleaners and nanotechnology indicates their future implementation in these fields.

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29

Zhao, Jianwei, Qi Yang, Xiaoming Li, Dongbo Wang, Kun Luo, Yu Zhong, Qiuxiang Xu, and Guangming Zeng. "Enhanced production of short-chain fatty acid from food waste stimulated by alkyl polyglycosides and its mechanism." Waste Management 46 (December 2015): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.001.

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30

Czichocki, Gunther, Harald Fiedler, Klaus Haage, Helmut Much, and Steffen Weidner. "Characterization of alkyl polyglycosides by both reversed-phase and normal-phase modes of high-performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 943, no. 2 (January 2002): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01459-5.

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31

Liao, Zhi-Jian, Si-Nan Du, Yang Luo, Fang Zuo, and Jian-Bin Luo. "Use of liquid crystal to study the interactions of alkyl polyglycosides with gelatin and bovine serum albumin." Chinese Chemical Letters 27, no. 6 (June 2016): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2016.01.025.

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32

Li, Qian, Yanning Huang, Dongdong Wen, Rongbing Fu, and Leiyu Feng. "Application of alkyl polyglycosides for enhanced bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using Sphingomonas changbaiensis and Pseudomonas stutzeri." Science of The Total Environment 719 (June 2020): 137456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137456.

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33

Nickel, Dieter, Wolfgang Von Rybinski, Eva-Maria Kutschmann, Cosima Stubenrauch, and Gerhard H. Findenegg. "The importance of the emulsifying and dispersing capacity of alkyl polyglycosides for applications in detergent and cleaning agents." Lipid/Fett 98, no. 11 (1996): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19960981105.

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34

Dörfler, Hans-Dieter. "Book Review: Alkyl Polyglycosides. Technology, Properties and Applications. Edited by K. Hill, W. von Rybinski and G. Stoll." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36, no. 22 (December 1, 1997): 2526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199725261.

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35

K�hn, Andrea V., and Reinhard H. H. Neubert. "Characterization of Mixtures of Alkyl Polyglycosides (Plantacare) by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Pharmaceutical Research 21, no. 12 (December 2004): 2347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-004-7688-0.

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36

Yanmei, Liu, Tao Jinliang, Sun Jiao, and Chen Wenyi. "Removing polysaccharides-and saccharides-related coloring impurities in alkyl polyglycosides by bleaching with the H2O2/TAED/NaHCO3 system." Carbohydrate Polymers 112 (November 2014): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.065.

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37

Pakpayat, Natthida, and Prapaporn Boonme. "Decylglucoside Microemulsion Systems Containing Coenzyme Q10: Formulation, Physicochemical Characterization and Stability." Advanced Materials Research 1060 (December 2014): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.70.

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This study aimed to develop green microemulsions (MEs) for loading coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Decylglucoside, a surfactant in the group of alkyl polyglycosides (APG), was used in the formulations since it is biodegradable and non-ionic, leading to low toxic products and friendly properties to the environment. Two blank MEs, i.e., M1 and M2 were prepared by simple mixing dicaprylyl ether, decylglucoside, sorbotan monolaurate and water in the concentrations of 70%, 2.5%, 22.5% and 5%, respectively for M1 and 60%, 6%, 24% and 10%, respectively for M2. Afterwards, M1 and M2 were incorporated with 5% CoQ10 to obtained QM1 and QM2, respectively. All samples were studied for physicochemical properties and stability under accelerated condition. It was found that they were transparence and absence of liquid crystals. Their rheological profiles indicated low viscosity and Newtonian flow. After stability test by freeze thaw for 5 cycles, physicochemical properties of M1, M2, QM1 and QM2 were not obviously different from those at the initial. In addition, more than 97% of label amount of CoQ10 were found in both QM1 and QM2 after stability study. The results indicated that the investigated decylglucoside MEs were suitable systems for incorporation with CoQ10.

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38

Steber, J., W. Guhl, N. Stelter, and F. R. Schröder. "Alkylpolyglykoside -— Okologische Bewertung einer neuen Generation nichtionischer Tenside/ Alkyl polyglycosides - ecological evaluation of a new generation of nonionic surfactants." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 32, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1995-320619.

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39

Goclik, Vera, and Petra Mischnick. "Determination of the DS and substituent distribution of cationic alkyl polyglycosides and cationic starch ethers by GLC after dealkylation with morpholine." Carbohydrate Research 338, no. 8 (April 2003): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00014-4.

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40

Haq, Bashirul, Jishan Liu, and Keyu Liu. "Green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR)." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16116.

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Green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR) is a chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method involving the injection of specific green chemicals (surfactants/alcohols/polymers) that effectively displace oil because of their phase-behaviour properties, which decrease the interfacial tension (IFT) between the displacing liquid and the oil. In this process, the primary displacing liquid slug is a complex chemical system called a micellar solution, containing green surfactants, co-surfactants, oil, electrolytes and water. The surfactant slug is relatively small, typically 10% pore volume (PV). It may be followed by a mobility buffer such as polymer. The total volume of the polymer solution is typically ~1 PV. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the combination of microbial by-products Bacillus subtilise strain JF-2 bio-surfactant and alcohol in recovering residual oil. It also considered whether bio-surfactant capability could be improved by blending it with non-ionic green surfactant. The study consisted of a phase behaviour study, IFT measurement and core-flooding experiments. In the phase behaviour study, it was found that 0.5% alkyl polyglycosides (APG) and 0.5–1.00% of butanol at 2% NaCl gave stable middle phase micro-emulsion. Non-ionic (APG 264) and anionic (bio-surfactant) mixtures are able to form stable middle phase micro-emulsion. Based on IFT reduction, two low concentrations (40 and 60 mg/l) of JF-2 bio-surfactant were identified where IFT values were low. The bio-surfactant and butanol formulation produced a total ~39.3% of oil initially in place (OIIP).

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41

Valsa, Vijetha, Geethu Krishnan S, Rashmi Gondi, Preethi Muthu, Kavitha Sankarapandian, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Poornachandar Gugulothu, and Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar. "Amelioration of Biogas Production from Waste-Activated Sludge through Surfactant-Coupled Mechanical Disintegration." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010057.

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The current study intended to improve the disintegration potential of paper mill sludge through alkyl polyglycoside-coupled disperser disintegration. The sludge biomass was fed to the disperser disintegration and a maximum solubilization of 6% was attained at the specific energy input of 4729.24 kJ/kg TS. Solubilization was further enhanced by coupling the optimum disperser condition with varying dosage of alkyl polyglycoside. The maximum solubilization of 11% and suspended solid (SS) reduction of 8.42% were achieved at the disperser rpm, time, and surfactant dosage of 12,000, 30 min, and 12 μL. The alkyl polyglycoside-coupled disperser disintegration showed a higher biogas production of 125.1 mL/gCOD, compared to the disperser-alone disintegration (70.1 mL/gCOD) and control (36.1 mL/gCOD).

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42

Mönch, G., and G. Ilgenfritz. "Percolation in alkyl polyglycoside microemulsions." Colloid & Polymer Science 278, no. 7 (July 4, 2000): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000325.

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43

ElMeshad, Aliaa Nabil, and Mina Ibrahim Tadros. "Transdermal Delivery of an Anti-Cancer Drug via W/O Emulsions Based on Alkyl Polyglycosides and Lecithin: Design, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation of the Possible Irritation Potential in Rats." AAPS PharmSciTech 12, no. 1 (December 9, 2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-010-9557-y.

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44

Tarasov, V. Y., and S. S. Korobko. "Using secondary resources of sunflower seed processing to create new natural origin surfactants." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-2-108-115.

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Today great attention is paid to development of advanced technologies for production of ecologically safe, nonpolluting and biodegradable products, including without limitation cosmetic-hygiene detergents and household products. One of the main ingredients in formulation of such products is surfactants. For the purpose of widening of the assortment of such products it is essential to create new types of biodegradable surfactants derived from renewable, as a rule, plant raw materials. The object of this paper is development of technology for production of non-ionic surfactant, alkyl polyglycoside (APG), with improved characteristics on the basis of the alternative plant raw material, sunflower husks, being the waste by-product of sunflower processing, which is the most commonly available raw material in our country. The output of sunflower processing aiming at sunflower oil production is growing year by year and takes the leading place in the oil-and-fat industry, therefore processing of the waste product in the form of husks is of particular interest now. In the course of work the existing technologies of APG production were studied and their shortcomings were identified. According to such technologies alkyl polyglycoside is produced by combining glucose or aqueous syrupy solution of glucose with C10- C16 alcohol. As the sources of starch, from which glucose is produced further, there are used rice, corn, potatoes or wheat. Such products represent no wastes and have rather high production cost. Fatty alcohols are produced from imported palm or coconut oil. The new technology suggested by us is based on usage of the available and cheap raw materials. Glucose syrup is made with the help of the method of hydrolysis of sunflower husks cellulose, and fatty acids are derived from the sunflower processing cycle at the stage of alkali refining of sunflower oil, comprising C16-C18 atoms. Analysis of organoleptic, physical-and-chemical characteristics and evaluation of consumer properties of the resulting alkyl polyglycoside were performed. It was established that according to the suggested method it is possible to produce a non-ionic surfactant with improved detergent (CCM) and foaming power (foam height, foam stability), and also having soft dermatological action. The alkyl polyglycoside, created and produced with the help of our technology, can be used as an alternate substitute of expensive foreign non-ionic surfactants, can be helpful for extension of the assortment of biodegradable foam detergents, nonpolluting and safe for the environment.

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45

TOSHIMA, Yasuhiko, Toyomi KOIKE, Naohiro NISHIYAMA, and Takashi TSUGUKUNI. "Biodegradation and Aquatic Toxicity of Alkyl Polyglycoside." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 44, no. 2 (1995): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.44.108.

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46

Haage, Klaus. "Eine neue technische Zuckertensid-Klasse: Alkyl Polyglycosides, Technology, Properties and Applications. Hrsg. von K. Hill, W. von Rybinski, G. Stoll. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, 1997, 242 S., geb., 148,-DM. ISBN 3-527-29451-1." Nachrichten aus Chemie, Technik und Laboratorium 46, no. 7-8 (July 1998): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.19980460730.

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47

Xu, Guo Mei, and Tie Jun Shi. "Synthesis of Alkyl Polyglycoside and its Application in the Glyphosate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.126.

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Using sweet potato starch, butanol, and dodecyl alcohol as raw materials, the alkyl indican surfactant was synthesized by two-step reactions with composite catalysts of p-toluene sulfonic acid and citric acid, the synthesis conditions were investigated through orthogonal method and the structure of the product was characterized by IR and mass spectroscopy. The weeding test was also studied by adding the appropriate proportion of alkyl indican surfactant. The results showed that the best technological conditions was: reaction took place under 120 C and last for 4 h, msweet potato starch:mn-butanol: mn-dodecanol=msp:mnb:mnd=1:2:5, the content of composite catalysts was 1.6 wt% p-toluene sulfonic acid and 10.0 wt% citric acid. The weeding test demonstrated that added 1% APG into the glyphosate could killed almost all weeds in five days and had an excellent weeding efficiency. Compared with spraying glyphosate with no APG, which could decrease the amount of glyphosate used and protect the environment.

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48

Xiao, Jianwei, Liangjun Zhao, and Zhe Shen. "Enhanced sludge anaerobic fermentation using microwave pretreatment combined with biosurfactant alkyl polyglycoside." RSC Advances 7, no. 69 (2017): 43772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra08148k.

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Wu, Y., S. Iglauer, P. Shuler, Y. Tang, and W. A. Goddard. "Alkyl Polyglycoside-Sorbitan Ester Formulations for Improved Oil Recovery." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 47, no. 5 (September 2010): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.110078.

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Zhang, Jianling, Wei Li, Yueju Zhao, Buxing Han, and Guanying Yang. "Enlargement of cationic alkyl polyglycoside micelles by ionic liquid." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 336, no. 1-3 (March 2009): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.11.026.

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