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Journal articles on the topic 'All Blacks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Hope, Wayne. "Whose All Blacks?" Media, Culture & Society 24, no. 2 (March 2002): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344370202400205.

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2

Johnson, Thomas, Andrew J. Martin, Farah L. Palmer, Geoffrey Watson, and Phil L. Ramsey. "COLLECTIVE LEADERSHIP: A Case Study of the All Blacks." Asia Pacific Management and Business Application 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2012): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2012.001.01.4.

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3

Byrd, W. Carson, Rachelle J. Brunn-Bevel, and Parker R. Sexton. "‘WE DON’T ALL LOOK ALIKE’." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 11, no. 2 (2014): 353–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x14000162.

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AbstractThe examination of student group performance is a constant need as American higher education continues to expand and become more racially and ethnically diverse. Recent scholarship on the academic performance of Black students at elite colleges and universities has glossed over possible disparities among these students, particularly among different immigrant groups. The current study clarifies these differences in academic performance by examining four Black student groups at elite colleges and universities in the United States: native Blacks, Black immigrants from Africa, Black immigr

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4

Lopez Bunyasi, Tehama, and Candis Watts Smith. "Do All Black Lives Matter Equally to Black People? Respectability Politics and the Limitations of Linked Fate." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics 4, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 180–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rep.2018.33.

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AbstractCathy Cohen’s (1999) theory of secondary marginalization helps to explain why the needs of some members of Black communities are not prioritized on “the” Black political agenda; indeed, some groups are ignored altogether as mainstream Black public opinion shifts to the right (Tate 2010). However, the contemporary movement for Black Lives calls for an intersectional approach to Black politics. Its platform requires participants to take seriously the notion that since Black communities are diverse, so are the needs of its members. To what extent are Blacks likely to believe that those wh

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Louie, Patricia, Laura Upenieks, Arjumand Siddiqi, David R. Williams, and David T. Takeuchi. "Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995–2016." American Journal of Epidemiology 190, no. 9 (March 17, 2021): 1735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab067.

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Abstract We assessed whether race moderates the association between flourishing and all-cause mortality. We used panel data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (1995–2016; n = 2,851). Approximately 19% of White respondents and 23% of Black respondents in the baseline sample died over the course of the 21-year study period (n = 564). Cox proportional hazard models showed that Blacks had a higher mortality rate relative to Whites and higher levels of flourishing were associated with a lower mortality rate. Furthermore, a significant interaction between flourishing and race in pre

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6

Kohe, Geoffrey Z. "Black Obsession: The All Blacks’ Quest for World Cup Success." International Journal of the History of Sport 28, no. 13 (September 2011): 1907–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2011.620271.

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7

Brunn, Rachelle, and Grace Kao. "WHERE ARE ALL THE BOYS?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 5, no. 1 (2008): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x08080077.

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AbstractWe explore the gender gap in college completion among Blacks and Whites. Using the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, we examine how early school achievement and educational expectations affect attainment by following a nationally representative sample of youths from 1988 (approximately age fourteen) to 2000 (approximately age twenty-six). The odds of attaining an associate's or a bachelor's degree among Black women are greater than the odds among White men after controlling for family socioeconomic status. However, the difference between Black men and White men is addition

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Hokowhitu, Brendan, and Jay Scherer. "The Mäori All Blacks and the Decentering of the White Subject: Hyperrace, Sport, and the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism." Sociology of Sport Journal 25, no. 2 (June 2008): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.25.2.243.

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In this article we examine a range of media discourses surrounding the continued existence of the Mäori All Blacks, a “racially” selected rugby side, and a specific public controversy that erupted in New Zealand over the selection of former All Black great Christian Cullen for the Mäori All Blacks in 2003. Having never played for the Mäori All Blacks or publicly identified as Mäori, Cullen claimed tangata whenua status via whakapapa (genealogical connection) to his Ngäi Tahu grandfather. We argue that Cullen’s selection emerged as a contentious issue because of the fragmentation that the inclu

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Firebaugh, Glenn, and Francesco Acciai. "For blacks in America, the gap in neighborhood poverty has declined faster than segregation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 47 (November 7, 2016): 13372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607220113.

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Black residential segregation has been declining in the United States. That accomplishment rings hollow, however, if blacks continue to live in much poorer neighborhoods than other Americans. This study uses census data for all US metropolitan areas in 1980 and 2010 to compare decline in the neighborhood poverty gap between blacks and other Americans with decline in the residential segregation of blacks. We find that both declines resulted primarily from narrowing differences between blacks and whites as opposed to narrowing differences between blacks and Hispanics or blacks and Asians. Becaus

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10

Bennett, Ian C., and Alice Febery. "New Zealand surgeons mimic the All Blacks." ANZ Journal of Surgery 88, no. 12 (December 2018): 1223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ans.14944.

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11

Goldsmith, Pat António. "All Segregation is Not Equal: The Impact of Latino and Black School Composition." Sociological Perspectives 46, no. 1 (March 2003): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2003.46.1.83.

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Latinos are a large, highly segregated minority group achieving less than whites in school, but the extent to which segregation is responsible for their relatively low achievement is not well known. The effect of proportion Latino on educational achievement is often assumed to be identical to the effect of proportion black. I use the NELS to test this assumption. Results reveal that segregation concentrates disadvantages for Latinos and blacks, but surprisingly, proportion Latino tends to positively influence test scores over the high school years. Proportion black, in contrast, does not affec

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12

Lacy, Karyn. "All’s Fair? The Foreclosure Crisis and Middle-Class Black (In)Stability." American Behavioral Scientist 56, no. 11 (October 10, 2012): 1565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764212458279.

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Is the protracted foreclosure crisis eroding the Black middle class? Foreclosure rates in the United States have reached an all-time high. Blacks have been hit especially hard by this crisis. I focus here on intraclass distinctions within the Black middle class precisely because scholars and journalists so often fail to distinguish between the experiences of the Black lower middle class and those of middle and upper-class Blacks, leaving the unintended impression that middle-class Blacks all have the same odds of losing their home. I argue that conventional explanations of the foreclosure cris

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13

Licata, Jane W., and Abhijit Biswas. "Representation, Roles, and Occupational Status of Black Models in Television Advertisements." Journalism Quarterly 70, no. 4 (December 1993): 868–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909307000412.

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This study updates information on the representation, roles, and occupational portrayal of African-Americans in television advertisements. A content analysis often prime time television shows revealed that black representation in television ads exceeded the percentage distribution of blacks in the population in 1991. The percentage of ads showing blacks in major roles has remained relatively stable over time. However, a black model's level of product interaction was found to be a function of the value of the product, with lower valued products having higher black model-product interaction than

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14

Hunter, Marcus Anthony. "All the Gays are White and all the Blacks are Straight: Black Gay Men, Identity, and Community." Sexuality Research and Social Policy 7, no. 2 (February 23, 2010): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13178-010-0011-4.

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15

MAHONEY, DIANA. "Blacks Account for Half of All HIV Diagnoses." Family Practice News 41, no. 4 (March 2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(11)70180-3.

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16

Silber, Jeffrey H., Paul R. Rosenbaum, Richard N. Ross, Orit Even-Shoshan, Rachel R. Kelz, Mark D. Neuman, Caroline E. Reinke, et al. "Racial Disparities in Operative Procedure Time." Anesthesiology 119, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31829101de.

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Abstract Background: Using Pennsylvania Medicare claims from 1995 to 1996, the authors previously reported that anesthesia procedure length appears longer in blacks than whites. In a new study using a different and larger data set, the authors now examine whether body mass index (BMI), not available in Medicare claims, explains this difference. The authors also examine the relative contributions of surgical and anesthesia times. Methods: The Obesity and Surgical Outcomes Study of 47 hospitals throughout Illinois, New York, and Texas abstracted chart information including BMI on elder Medicare

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17

Chen, Chun-Lin, Qing Liu, Ching-Hon Pui, Gaston K. Rivera, John T. Sandlund, Raul Ribeiro, William E. Evans, and Mary V. Relling. "Higher Frequency of Glutathione S-Transferase Deletions in Black Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 89, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 1701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.5.1701.

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Abstract The genetic polymorphisms in human glutathione S-transferases (GST) M1 and T1 have been associated with race, disease risk, and outcome of some adult cancers. Also, there are racial differences in the incidence and characteristics of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our objectives were to compare the frequency of the null genotype for GSTM1, GSTT1, or both in children with ALL to that in healthy controls, and to determine whether GST genotype was associated with treatment outcome and prognostic factors. We studied GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in somatic cell DNA from black c

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18

Chen, Chun-Lin, Qing Liu, Ching-Hon Pui, Gaston K. Rivera, John T. Sandlund, Raul Ribeiro, William E. Evans, and Mary V. Relling. "Higher Frequency of Glutathione S-Transferase Deletions in Black Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 89, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 1701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.5.1701.1701_1701_1707.

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The genetic polymorphisms in human glutathione S-transferases (GST) M1 and T1 have been associated with race, disease risk, and outcome of some adult cancers. Also, there are racial differences in the incidence and characteristics of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our objectives were to compare the frequency of the null genotype for GSTM1, GSTT1, or both in children with ALL to that in healthy controls, and to determine whether GST genotype was associated with treatment outcome and prognostic factors. We studied GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in somatic cell DNA from black children a

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19

Barton, James C., Ronald T. Acton, Fitzroy W. Dawkins, Paul C. Adams, Laura Lovato, Cathy Leiendecker-Foster, Christine E. McLaren, et al. "Initial Screening Transferrin Saturations, Serum Ferritin Concentrations, and HFE Genotypes in Whites and Blacks in the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3202.3202.

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Abstract We compared initial screening data of 44,149 whites (17,043 men; 27,106 women) and 26,947 blacks (9,788 men; 17,159 women) who reported no previous diagnosis of hemochromatosis or iron overload from a primary care-based sample of ~100,000 adults ≥25 years recruited from 5 Field Centers. Each underwent transferrin saturation (TfSat) and serum ferritin (SF) measurements without regard to fasting, and HFE C282Y and H63D genotyping. We observed these mean TfSat and SF values and percentages of participants with elevated biochemical measurements (TfSat >50% and SF >300 ng/mL, men; Tf

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20

Yium, J., P. Gabow, A. Johnson, W. Kimberling, and M. Martinez-Maldonado. "Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in blacks: clinical course and effects of sickle-cell hemoglobin." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4, no. 9 (March 1994): 1670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v491670.

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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a frequent cause of ESRD, but its frequency in blacks has not been well delineated and its course and the effects of sickle hemoglobin in this disease in blacks have not been previously reported. The occurrence of ADPKD in blacks and whites was determined in two ESRD populations: all ESRD patients seen over a 16-yr period in one area of Southeast Tennessee and all ESRD patients in 15 hemodialysis units in Tennessee and Atlanta, GA. The frequency of sickle hemoglobin was determined and compared in a group of nonrelated blacks with ESRD wit

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21

Zimmer, David M. "The Accuracy of Self-Reported Smoking Among Blacks." Review of Black Political Economy 45, no. 2 (June 2018): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644618789183.

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Government agencies rely on surveys in which individuals self-report their smoking activities, which raises questions about biases in responses. To validate self-reported smoking numbers, medical researchers often rely on urinary concentrations of cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine. But virtually all existing studies investigate whether self-reported nonsmokers misreport their smoking status. Such investigations leave unanswered whether individuals who admit smoking nonetheless smoke more than they claim. This article produces two findings of interest, both pertaining to self-reported s

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22

Dai, Shuang Ye, Ge You Ao, and Myung Soo Kim. "Properties of CB/Rubber Composites Filled by Carbon Black Used as Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Decomposition." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.301.

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Carbon blacks were used as catalysts for hydrogen production through hydrocarbon decomposition. The aim of this work is to find suitable conditions for decomposition reaction to cut down the net cost of hydrogen production. Carbon blacks after hydrocarbon decomposition under different operation conditions were mixed with NBR rubber. The surface area of carbon black increased with low weight gain in methane decomposition caused by carbon deposits on the surface of carbon black aggregates, and the decrease of surface area with further weight gain might be due to the carbon deposits adhering to e

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23

KAYE, ANDREW. "ROSCOE CONKLING SIMMONS AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ORATORY." Historical Journal 45, no. 1 (March 2002): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x01002254.

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The black journalist and politician, Roscoe Simmons, was best known for his ability as an orator. Simmons's lecturing activities reveal the networks underlying a black public sphere upon which ambitious black leaders relied to publicize their political agendas. Those networks expanded in the first half of the twentieth century as blacks exploited the press, radio, and other technologies, and as blacks migrated in numbers from the Southern states. Meetings of African Americans served several functions: as opportunities to debate the race's prospects; to voice political concerns; and as sources

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24

Ashton, Crystal, Scott A. Bernhardt, Mike Lowe, Matthew Mietchen, and Jim Johnston. "Comparison of HIV/AIDS Rates Between U.S.-Born Blacks and African-Born Blacks in Utah, 2000 – 2009." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010156.

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The Utah Department of Health currently groups African-born blacks with U.S.-born blacks when reporting HIV/AIDS surveillance data. Studies suggest that categorizing HIV/AIDS cases in this manner may mask important epidemiological trends, and the distinct differences between these two populations warrant disaggregating data prior to reporting. The purpose of this study was to characterize the HIV/AIDS positive populations in U.S. and African-born blacks in Utah and evaluate the need for disaggregating the two groups. A total of 1,111 cases were identified through the statewide electronic HIV/A

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Martindale Jr., Wight. "The New Gilded Age: We’ve Seen It All Before." Academic Questions 34, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/34.3.9.

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Few-Demo, April L. "But Some of Us Are Brave: All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men-Black Women's Studies." Journal of Family Theory & Review 8, no. 2 (June 2016): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12145.

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27

Robinson, Cendrine D., Kara P. Wiseman, Monica Webb Hooper, Sherine El-Toukhy, Emily Grenen, Laura Vercammen, and Yvonne M. Prutzman. "Engagement and Short-term Abstinence Outcomes Among Blacks and Whites in the National Cancer Institute's SmokefreeTXT Program." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 1622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz178.

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Abstract Introduction Text-messaging programs for smoking cessation improve abstinence outcomes in the general population. However, little is known about engagement and abstinence outcomes among African Americans in text-messaging smoking cessation programs. The current study compares engagement and abstinence between Blacks and Whites in the National Cancer Institute’s SmokefreeTXT program. Method Data were from Blacks (n = 1333) and Whites (n = 7154) who enrolled in the 6-week SmokefreeTXT program between August 2017 and June 2018. We assessed the association between race and program initiat

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Assari, Shervin. "Cognitive test score and 25-Year mortality risk; Does race matter?" Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 4, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): e000213. http://dx.doi.org/10.32892/jmri.213.

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Objectives: Despite our knowledge on the effect of cognitive test score on subsequent risk of mortality, few studies have compared Blacks and Whites for this association. The current study was conducted on Black-White differences in the magnitude of the association between baseline cognitive test score and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States over 25 years.  Methods: We used data of the Americans’ Changing Lives Study (ACL), 1986 – 2011, a national prospective cohort in U.S. The study followed 3,361 adults (2,205 White and 1,156 Blacks)

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Wang, Meng-Jiao, Siegfried Wolff, and Ewe-Hong Tan. "Filler-Elastomer Interactions. Part VIII. The Role of the Distance between Filler Aggregates in the Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538305.

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Abstract Based on the concepts of the occlusion of rubber and random packing of spheres whose volume is equivalent to that permeated by individual aggregates, an equation was deduced to estimate the distance between carbon-black aggregates in filled rubber. It was found that when the interaggregate distance reaches a critical point which is approximately identical for all carbon blacks investigated (furnace blacks), the elastic modulus measured at very low strain deviates from the modified Guth-Gold equation. Tan δ and resilience are mainly determined by the distance between aggregates. These

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Yu, Alison J., Janet S. Choi, Mark S. Swanson, Niels C. Kokot, Tamara N. Brown, Guofen Yan, and Uttam K. Sinha. "Association of Race/Ethnicity, Stage, and Survival in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A SEER Study." OTO Open 3, no. 4 (October 2019): 2473974X1989112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473974x19891126.

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Objective Survival differences in oral cancer between black and white patients have been reported, but the contributing factors, especially the role of stage, are incompletely understood. Furthermore, the outcomes for Hispanic and Asian patients have been scarcely examined. Study Design Retrospective, population-based national study. Setting Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 Custom database (January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014). Subjects and Methods In total, 7630 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity were classified as non-Hispanic white (white), non-

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Hahn, Robert A. "Survival in Adversity: Trends in Mortality Among Blacks in the United States, 1900–2010." International Journal of Health Services 50, no. 4 (May 25, 2020): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420925289.

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The goal of this study was to analyze trends in black age-adjusted mortality rates (AADR) from 1900 through 2010 and to propose explanations. Analyses included a descriptive study of trends in AADR from major causes for blacks and age-specific all-cause mortality at each decade. In 1900, all-cause AADRs were higher for blacks than whites. Over the century, differences decreased substantially. Reductions mortality were greatest among young people, lowest among older adults. Deaths from infectious diseases showed the greatest decrease. Heart disease mortality among blacks increased from 1920 to

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Leigh, Wilhelmina A. "Federal Government Policies and the “Housing Quotient” of Black American Families." Review of Black Political Economy 17, no. 3 (January 1989): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02901100.

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The “housing quotient”—the condition of and access to housing—is defined for black American families and is examined in conjunction with the major relevant federal policies and programs. Policies considered include fair housing and the national urban policy. Programs examined include public housing and rental assistance. The lack of data constrains the completeness of the analysis, although certain programs seem to enroll blacks in disproportion to the rest of the population. The paper concludes that blacks currently are served by all federal programs, even though many programs historically ha

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Hartley, Jackie. "Black, White... and Red? The Redfern All Blacks Rugby League Club in the Early 1960s." Labour History, no. 83 (2002): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516887.

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Reyna, Christine, Mark Brandt, and G. Tendayi Viki. "Blame It on Hip-Hop: Anti-Rap Attitudes as a Proxy for Prejudice." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 12, no. 3 (April 17, 2009): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430209102848.

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This research investigated the stereotypes associated with rap music and hip-hop culture, and how those stereotypes may influence anti-Black attitudes and justifications for discrimination. In three studies—using a representative sample from America, as well as samples from two different countries—we found that negative stereotypes about rap are pervasive and have powerful consequences. In all three samples, negative attitudes toward rap were associated with various measures of negative stereotypes of Blacks that blamed Blacks for their economic plights (via stereotypes of laziness). Anti-rap

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Collins, William J. "The Labor Market Impact of State-Level Anti-Discrimination Laws, 1940–1960." ILR Review 56, no. 2 (January 2003): 244–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600203.

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By the time Congress passed the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 98% of non-southern blacks (40% of all blacks) already resided in states with “fair employment” laws prohibiting labor market discrimination. Using census data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, the author assesses the impact of fair employment legislation on black workers' relative income, unemployment, labor force participation, migration, and occupational and industrial distributions. In general, the fair employment laws adopted in the 1940s appear to have had larger effects than those adopted in the 1950s, and the laws ha

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Shilliam, Robbie. "Indebtedness and the Curation of a Black Archive: Comments on David Goldberg’s Conversation with Achille Mbembe." Theory, Culture & Society 35, no. 7-8 (November 5, 2018): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276418808887.

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Addressing Mbembe’s interview with Goldberg and reflecting upon the book – Critique of Black Reason (2017) – that the interview probes, the author points to a tension in Mbembe’s thought. Mbembe apprehends black reason as all-at-once ‘reason’s unreason’ and the remaking-reasonable of reason. In this respect, there is a clear sense of a simultaneity of imposition–struggle and destruction–repair. Yet this ethos of simultaneity is in tension with Mbembe’s sequential exposition of the black archive, especially the indebtedness of the ‘response’ by blacks to the reasoning about blacks. In his respo

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Ashraf, Ambika, Yufeng Li, Frank Franklin, Kenneth McCormick, and Elaine Moreland. "Racial Disparities on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profiles in Children with Type 1 Diabetes." Clinical medicine. Endocrinology and diabetes 2 (January 2009): CMED.S1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmed.s1065.

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Objective We assessed the racial (Black–White) differences in glycemic control, prevalence of abnormal lipid profiles and factors influencing temporal trends in children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Methods This retrospective study was done in children with T1DM. The outcome measure was based on glycemic control and all lipid determinations which were stratified according to the published guidelines. Results The study included 181 children; 76.2% Whites and 23.8% Blacks. The mean glycated hemoglobin (A1C) was higher in Blacks than in Whites (p < 0.0001). Blacks had elevated total cholestero

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Alvarado, Steven Elías. "The Complexities of Race and Place: Childhood Neighborhood Disadvantage and Adult Incarceration for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802312092715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120927154.

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The author uses restricted geocoded tract-level panel data (1986–2014) that span the prison boom and the acceleration of residential segregation in the United States from two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979 and Children and Young Adults) to study whether the association between childhood neighborhood disadvantage and adult incarceration varies by race and ethnicity. Sibling fixed-effects models suggest that exposure to childhood neighborhood disadvantage increases the likelihood of incarceration in adulthood, net of observed and unobserved adjustments. However, the a

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Zakai, Neil, Pamela Lutsey, Aaron Folsom, and Mary Cushman. "Black-White Differences In Venous Thrombosis Risk: the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE)." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.478.478.

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Abstract Abstract 478 Black-White Differences in Venous Thrombosis Risk: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE). Neil A. Zakai, Pamela L. Lutsey, Aaron R. Folsom, Mary Cushman. Introduction: Venous thrombosis (VT) is more common in blacks than whites. The reasons for this difference and whether it is explained by racial differences in VT risk factors is not known. Methods: VT was ascertained by physician review of medical records in the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE), a prospective observational study of 21,680 men and women age 45–100

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Sorgenfrei, Carol Fisher. "The State of Asian Theatre Studies in the American Academy." Theatre Survey 47, no. 2 (September 12, 2006): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557406000184.

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Being asked to write about the state of Asian theatre in the American academy makes me feel a little like Jean Genet explaining the origin of his play The Blacks: “One evening, an actor asked me to write a play for an all-black cast. But what exactly is a black? First of all, what's his color?”

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Akinyemiju, Tomi, Lauren E. Wilson, April Deveaux, Stella Aslibekyan, Mary Cushman, Susan Gilchrist, Monika Safford, Suzanne Judd, and Virginia Howard. "Association of Allostatic Load with All-Cause and Cancer Mortality by Race and Body Mass Index in the REGARDS Cohort." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061695.

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Among 29,701 Black and White participants aged 45 years and older in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Difference in Stroke (REGARDS) study, allostatic load (AL) was defined as the sum score of established baseline risk-associated biomarkers for which participants exceeded a set cutoff point. Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized to determine the association of AL score with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality, with analyses stratified by body-mass index, age group, and race. At baseline, Blacks had a higher AL score compared with Whites (Black mean AL score: 2.42, SD: 1.50;

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Mphahlele, Es'Kia. "Alternative Institutions of Education for Africans in South Africa: An Exploration of Rationale, Goals, and Directions." Harvard Educational Review 60, no. 1 (April 1, 1990): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.60.1.3247772714v6q51v.

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In South Africa, education is one of the social institutions manipulated by the apartheid government to develop and maintain an unequal society. In this provocative article, Es'Kia Mphahlele, a Black South African educator, describes the Blacks' struggle for educational improvement through alternative education. Mphahlele, who was forced into exile for two decades because of the stand he took against inferior education for Blacks, returned home to be part of a struggle for a system of education of which Blacks can take charge. He describes a vision of how alternative education in South Africa

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Seblova, Dominika, Kelly Peters, Susan Lapham, Laura Zahodne, Tara Gruenewald, Maria Glymour, Benjamin Chapman, and Jennifer Manly. "High School Quality and 56-Year All-Cause Mortality Risk Across Race and Ethnicity." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1632.

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Abstract Having more years of education is independently associated with lower mortality, but it is unclear whether other attributes of schooling matter. We examined the association of high school quality and all-cause mortality across race/ethnicity. In 1960, about 5% of US high schools participated in Project Talent (PT), which collected information about students and their schools. Over 21,000 PT respondents were followed for mortality into their eighth decade of life using the National Death Index. A school quality factor, capturing term length, class size, and teacher qualifications, was

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pilgrim, haley, Wensong Shen, and Melissa Wilde. "A Complex Religion Approach to the Differing Impact of Education on Black and White Religious Group Members’ Political Views." Religions 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11090477.

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This paper examines the interaction of education for both Blacks and Whites in all major religious groups on four key political issues: Abortion, gay marriage, feelings toward redistribution, and political party identification. We find that for most Blacks, race is the most salient factor across all four political dimensions; whereas there is significant variation by religion and education for Whites, there is very little difference for Blacks. As previous research has noted, Blacks are generally more conservative on gay marriage and Blacks are generally positive about redistribution, much mor

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YOUNG, VERNETTA D. "All the Women in the Maryland State Penitentiary: 1812-1869." Prison Journal 81, no. 1 (March 2001): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081001008.

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This article examines the role of race in the patterns of incarceration of women in the state of Maryland during three critical periods: pre-Civil War, Civil War, and post-Civil War. Maryland, a border state, was wedged geographically and politically between the forces of slavery and abolition. In addition to race, the author identifies female offenders by examining place of birth, age, and occupation. The author supports the view that “plantation justice” was inapplicable to Blacks in Maryland. The author also suggests that the historical neglect of women in prison can be attributed to the sm

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Bickerstaff, Jovonne J. "ALL RESPONSES ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 9, no. 1 (2012): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x12000173.

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AbstractThis exploratory study makes a contribution to the literature on antiracism by analyzing how first-generation French Blacks of sub-Saharan African descent practice everyday antiracism. In doing so, it expands the demographic terrain of this research to highlight some particularities in the experience of everyday racism and antiracism for ethnoracial minorities of immigrant origins. In addition to experiencing forms of racism encountered by both immigrants and other native ethnoracial minorities, first-generation French Blacks (like other non-White first-generation Europeans), face symb

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Dignam, James J., Yunrong Ye, Linda Colangelo, Roy Smith, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, H. Samuel Wieand, and Norman Wolmark. "Prognosis After Rectal Cancer in Blacks and Whites Participating in Adjuvant Therapy Randomized Trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.02.004.

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Purpose: National health statistics indicate that blacks have lower survival rates from colorectal cancer than do whites. This disparity has been attributed to differences in stage at diagnosis and other disease features, extent and quality of treatment, and socioeconomic factors. We evaluated outcomes for blacks and whites with rectal cancer who participated in randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). The randomized trial setting enhances uniformity in disease stage and treatment plan among all participants. Patients and Methods: The study

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Yang, Jae Jeong, Loren P. Lipworth, Xiao-Ou Shu, William J. Blot, Yong-Bing Xiang, Mark D. Steinwandel, Honglan Li, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei Zheng, and Danxia Yu. "Associations of choline-related nutrients with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality: results from 3 prospective cohort studies of blacks, whites, and Chinese." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 3 (January 8, 2020): 644–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz318.

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ABSTRACT Background Choline-related nutrients are dietary precursors of a gut microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide, which has been linked to cardiometabolic diseases and related death. However, epidemiologic evidence on dietary choline and mortality remains limited, particularly among nonwhite populations. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the associations of choline-related nutrients with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among black and white Americans and Chinese adults. Methods Included were 49,858 blacks, 23,766 whites, and 134,001 Chinese, aged 40–79 y, who partici

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Hebert, L. A., G. Agarwal, S. E. Ladson-Wofford, M. Reif, L. Hiremath, S. G. Carlton, N. S. Nahman, M. E. Falkenhain, and A. Agarwal. "Nocturnal blood pressure in treated hypertensive African Americans Compared to treated hypertensive European Americans." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 10 (October 1996): 2130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v7102130.

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Previous studies have shown that African Americans (blacks) tend to have higher nocturnal blood pressure than European Americans (whites). The study presented here was undertaken to determine whether treatment of hypertension influences nocturnal blood pressure differently in blacks than in whites. To answer this question, this study measured nocturnal blood pressure by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in treated hypertensive blacks and whites whose daytime blood pressures were comparable. Inclusion criteria for this study were: diagnosis of essential hypertension, absence of renal

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Kim, Seog-Jun, and Darrell H. Reneker. "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Carbon Blacks." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 66, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538328.

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Abstract Three kinds of carbon black, HAF (high abrasion furnace, N330), MT (medium thermal, N990), and graphitized MT were observed with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) All the STM images are formed from measurements of the x, t, and z position of points on the surface of the particle. The STM images of carbon blacks were compared to transmission electron microscope (TEM) photographs. Pitted and stepped bumps were observed on the surface of HAF carbon black. The surface of MT carbon black was more

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