Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'All types of parallelism'

Dû à la complexité des algorithmes de traitement d’images récents et dans le but d'accélérer la procédure de la conception des MPSoCs, méthodologies de prototypage rapide sont nécessaires pour fournir différents choix pour le programmeur de générer des programmes parallèles efficaces. Ce manuscrit présente les travaux menés pour proposer une méthodologie de prototypage rapide permettant la conception des architectures MPSOC ainsi que la génération automatique de système matériel / logiciel dédié un circuit reprogrammable (FPGA). Pour faciliter la programmation parallèle, l'approche MPSoC proposée est basée sur l’utilisation de Framework « CubeGen » qui permet la génération des différentes solutions envisageables pour réaliser des prototypes dans le domaine du traitement d’image. Ce document décrit une méthode basée sur le concept des squelettes générés en fonction des caractéristiques d'application afin d'exploiter tous les types de parallélisme des algorithmes réels. Un ensemble d’expérimentations utilisant des algorithmes courants permet d’évaluer les performances du flot de conception proposé équivalente à une architecture basé des processeurs hardcore et les solutions traditionnels basé sur cibles ASIC
Due to the complexity of image processing algorithms and the restrictions imposed by MPSoC designs to reach their full potentials, automatic design methodologies are needed to provide guidance for the programmer to generate efficient parallel programs. In this dissertation, we present a MPSoC-based design methodology solution supporting automatic design space exploration, automatic performance evaluation, as well as automatic hardware/software system generation. To facilitate the parallel programming, the presented MPSoC approach is based on a CubeGen framework that permits the expression of different scenarios for architecture and algorithmic design exploring to reach the desired level of performance, resulting in short time development. The generated design could be implemented in a FPGA technology with an expected improvement in application performance and power consumption. Starting from the application, we have evolved our effective methodology to provide several parameterizable algorithmic skeletons in the face of varying application characteristics to exploit all types of parallelism of the real algorithms. Implementing such applications on our parallel embedded system shows that our advanced methods achieve increased efficiency with respect to the computational and communication requirements. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed multiprocessing architecture can be programmed efficiently and also can have an equivalent performance to a more powerful designs based hard-core processors and better than traditional ASIC solutions which are too slow and too expensive

Addiction to drugs and alcohol is at an all time high. Billions are being spent annually on this epidemic with minimal success (Califano, 2007). Research indicates that drug and alcohol abuse/addiction is one of the major contributing causes to mental health problems (Fletcher, 2013; Sheff, 2013). The purpose of this inquiry is to understand the experience of one client in Integral Recovery (IR). The experience of this client was interpreted through an AQAL lens. Additionally this study used a phenomenological design, the researcher interviewed one client of IR, his mother, and one staff member who regularly worked with the client over the course of three months. After careful analysis of these interviews five key themes related to the IR treatment model emerged: 1) Practices and Structure 2) Obstacles to Recovery 3) Values Integral Recovery 4) Relatedness 5) Optimism. Interview results provided an additional perspective on the experience of an IR client in primary treatment. Future research might consider a longitudinal study with more participants to better understand the success rates of individuals who use IR interventions as their primary means of drug and alcohol treatment.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83).
To novel ideas must correspond novel fabrication techniques, that enable the transfer of technologies from laboratories to the market. The success of microelectronics for example can not be separated from the success of the revolutionary manufacturing technology that has fed its expansion. The same is now true for nano- and biotechnologies that, to a large extent, have yet to find the technologies that will best answer their processing needs. The question is to find an approach that will enable the production of devices with the required resolution, complexity and versatility, together with the necessary reliability and potential for high-throughput. Supramolecular NanoStamping (SuNS), a DNA based lithography technique developed in our group, is trying to answer to this set of requirements. In this thesis, I present a new development in this lithography technique, expanding its application to a broad new range of substrates in a substrate-independent fashion. This work, which I conducted during the course of my master, proves the ability of SuNS to adapt to very diverse environments and applications.
by Sarah Thévenet.
S.M.

The last decade has seen the transition from single-core processors to multi-cores and many-cores. This move has by and large shifted the responsibility from chip manufacturers to programmers to keep up with ever-increasing expectations on performance. In the single-core era, improvements in hardware capacity could immediately be leveraged by an application: faster machine - faster program. In the age of the multi-cores, this is no longer the case. Programs must be written in specific ways to utilize available parallel hardware resources. Programming language support for concurrent and parallel programming is poor in most popular object-oriented programming languages. Shared memory, threads and locks is the most common concurrency model provided. Threads and locks are hard to understand, error-prone and inflexible; they break encapsulation - the very foundation of the object-oriented approach. This makes it hard to break large complex problems into smaller pieces which can be solved independently and composed to make a whole. Ubiquitous parallelism and object-orientation, seemingly, do not match. Actors, or active objects, have been proposed as a concurrency model better fit for object-oriented programming than threads and locks. Asynchronous message passing between actors each with a logical thread of control preserves encapsulation as objects themselves decide when messages are executed. Unfortunately most implementations of active objects do not prevent sharing of mutable objects across actors. Sharing, whether on purpose or by accident, exposes objects to multiple threads of control, destroying object encapsulation. In this thesis we show techniques for compiler-enforced isolation of active objects, while allowing sharing and zero-copy communication of mutable data in the cases where it is safe to do so. We also show how the same techniques that enforce isolation can be utilized internal to an active object to allow data race-free parallel message processing and data race-free structured parallel computations. This overcomes the coarse-grained nature of active object parallelism without compromising safety.
UPMARC

>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Introduction: Medicines are created with the intention of helping patients but may be harmful to the patient by causing adverse reactions. The effect of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on patients has become more evident over the last two decades and reporting of ADRs in South Africa is low. This results in many patients, particularly children, potentially being exposed to medicinal products with an uncertain safety profile. Due to parents’ typical caring and protective role, they could play a part in detecting and reporting ADRs in children, thereby contributing to making safer medicines available to children. Aim: This research study evaluated the awareness and knowledge in South Africa of parental reporting of suspected ADRs in their children. Method: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted based on an anonymous web-based self-administered questionnaire that was distributed through Facebook® and LinkedIn™ to parents in South Africa. The questionnaire, which was distributed between July 2018 and August 2018, was standardized for all participants and consisted of closed (n=28) and open-ended (n=4) questions. The questions were coded, data was analysed using descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency counts). Associations between categorical demographic variables were determined using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: The questionnaire was voluntarily completed by 206 participants. Majority of the respondents were female (n=155, 75.2%) and the most relevant age category for all respondents was 31-40 years (n=100, 48.5%). The majority of participants (n=146, 70.9%) were aware of the term ADR and significant associations between awareness of ADRs and ethnicity, marital status, education level, medical aid and access to general medical services were found. Being white (p<0.001), having a degree (p=0.001) and having private medical aid (p=0.004) were independently associated with being significantly more aware of the term ADR compared to being black (p<0.001), coloured (p=0.004), a single parent (p=0.003), not finishing school (p<0.001), having matriculated (p<0.001), having no private medical aid (p=0.004) and receiving general medical services from public clinics (p = 0.003).

This paper reports a series of experiments designed to compare memory for multiple kinds of source information in young and older adults. The older adults in these studies were classified as having well or poorly functioning frontal lobes. In EXPERIMENTS 1-3, three different sources that provided independent cues to item information were examined using a repeated-measures design. In particular, participants' memory for voice source information, spatial source information, and temporal source information was tested in separate blocks. The results indicated that the performance of both young and older adults depended upon the type of source tested: Voice source memory was superior to spatial source and temporal source memory, which did not differ. There was also an age effect that was mediated by frontal functioning. Only the low frontal older adults showed impairments in source memory. High frontal older adults were equivalent to young. In EXPERIMENT 4, sources that provided redundant cues to item information were investigated. Voice sources and spatial sources were perfectly matched during encoding such that Voice A always came from Location 1 and Voice B always came from Location 2. When sources provided redundant information in this manner, young and high frontal older adults improved their spatial source memory by making use of redundant voice information, whereas the low frontal older adults not only performed more poorly than both young and high frontal older adults, but were unable to benefit from the redundancy. No differences in item memory were found. The findings were interpreted in terms of the executive and working memory functions involved in the integration of various contextual elements of an experience with its content.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION The Western Cape Government (WCG) uses Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) as part of their Road Management System since 1992. VOC is used in the process of prioritisation of maintenance projects as well as for the identification of economically viable maintenance strategies and is thus an integral part of the system. In 2001 changes to the VOC calculation methodology in the system to Highway Development and Management (HDM-4) system methodology occurred. The reasons were twofold – to bring the calculation method in line with world trends and due to lack of updated cost factors used in the previous methodology. In October 2001 a model was implemented with riding quality (IRI) as independent variable. This model was partly based on regression table data. As no geometric/topography data, defined as Terrain data, was available at this stage, Terrain was ignored. In 2006 WCG Systems were updated with Global Positioning System (GPS) data and a process to classify or categorise Terrain was initiated, thus providing the opportunity to include Terrain. As part of the redevelopment to include Terrain, it was decided to re-evaluate the vehicle fleet. METHODOLOGY Various alternative methods to develop the Modified Simplification equations were available and evaluated, e.g. regression or direct mathematical substitution. HDM-4 requires the input of Vehicle Type dependent cost parameters that is based on real vehicles. The WCG required that changes to these dependent parameters is feasible, so that they can be updated periodically. A set of equations therefore needed to be developed, allowing the input of Vehicle Type dependent parameters and the subsequent calculation of VOC with riding quality (IRI) as independent variable. This renders the use of regression analysis untenable. Composition of the vehicle fleet on each road section is required to utilise HDM-4 for analyses. In order to simplify calculations, different traffic strata was defined, i.e. Business, Commuter, Rural and General. In the evaluation of the Vehicle it is this strata and data from permanent counting stations that is used to compile a Vehicle fleet. MODEL DEVELOPMENT The Modified Simplification to include Terrain results in 48 combinations of Vehicle Type, Surface Type and Terrain Type for the basic equation of VOC. VOC = TCav + PARTSCOST + LABOURCOST +DEPCSTav ( )´ Length of road segment 1000 +(FuelCostav +OilCostav )´ Length of road segment av TC -Tyre Cost PARTSCOST -Parts Cost LABOURCOST - Labour Cost av DEPCST - Depreciation Cost av FuelCost -Fuel Cost av OilCost - Oil Cost The variables in VOC are defined by a couple of equations. For explanatory purposes a numeric example is presented. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The implementation of this Modified Simplification has assisted not only the WCG, but also other entities, that also use the VOC (published annually) based on these principles. Interested parties have the option to include Terrain in their implementation. Caution should be taken when using the Modified Simplification, as it is important that the principles used to simplify HDM-4 apply to the implementation and the business rules of the Management system of the user. The current development will not require a redevelopment due to any vehicle fleet change in future as the decision to simplify all defined Vehicle Types in HDM-4 allows the new fleet to be updated. Recommendation for further research and development include: • Standalone function that is already considered by the WCG • Investigating Published Vehicle data • Economic vehicle data for use in specific applications
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING Sedert 1992 gebruik die Wes-Kaapse Regering (WCG) voertuiggebruikskoste (VOC) as deel van hul Plaveisel Bestuurstelsels. VOC word gebruik in die proses van prioritisering van die instandhoudingprojekte sowel as vir die identifisering van ekonomies-vatbare instandhouding-strategieë en is dus 'n integrale deel van die stelsel. In 2001 is daar besluit om oor te skakel na die berekeningsmetode van Highway Development and Management (HDM-4). Die redes was tweeledig – om die berekeningsmetode in lyn met die wêreld tendense te bring; en as gevolg van 'n gebrek aan opgedateerde koste-faktore in die voorheen-gebruikte metode. In Oktober 2001 is 'n VOC-model, met rygehalte (IRI) as onafhanklike veranderlike geïmplementeer. Hierdie model was gedeeltelik gebaseer op regressie tabel data. Aangesien daar geen geometriese/topografiese data (gedefiniëer as terreindata) beskikbaar was nie, is die terrein geïgnoreer. In 2006 is WCG Stelsels opgedateer met Globale Positionering Stelsel (GPS) data en 'n proses om terrein te klassifiseer is van stapel gestuur. Deur die verandering in beskikbare data, is die geleentheid om terrein in te sluit in die VOC model geskep. As deel van die insluiting van herontwikkeling om terrein in te sluit, is daar besluit om die voertuigvloot te her-evalueer. METODOLOGIE Verskeie alternatiewe metodes om die Gewysigde Vereenvoudiging-vergelykings te ontwikkel was beskikbaar en is geëvalueer, bv. regressie of direkte wiskundige vervanging en vereenvoudiging. HDM-4 se voertuigafhanklike koste-parameters is op werklike voertuie gebaseer. Die WCG het vereis dat hierdie afhanklike parameters veranderbaar moet wees, sodat hulle dit van tyd tot tyd kan opdateer. Dit was dus nodig om 'n stel vergelykings te ontwikkel met die tipe voertuigkosteafhanklike parameters as insette. Verder moes alle vergelykings weer in terme van rygehalte wees. Dit maak die gebruik van regressie-analise ononderhoubaar. Samestelling van die voertuigvloot op elke padseksie is 'n vereiste om HDM-4 aan te wend vir ontledingsdoeleindes. Ten einde berekeninge te vereenvoudig is verskillende verkeerstrata gedefinieer, naamlik Besigheid, Pendel, Landelik en Algemeen. In die evaluering van die Voertuig is dit hierdie strata en data uit permanente telstasies wat gebruik word om 'n voertuigvloot saam te stel. MODELONTWIKKELING Die Gemodifiseerde Vereenvoudiging, insluitend terrein, het 48 kombinasies van tipe voertuig, oppervlak en terrein vir die basiese vergelyking van VOC: VOC = TCav + PARTSCOST + LABOURCOST +DEPCSTav ( )´ Length of road segment 1000 +(FuelCostav +OilCostav )´ Length of road segment TCav - Bandkoste; PARTSCOST - Onderdele-koste; LABOURCOST - Arbeidskoste; av FuelCost - Brandstofkoste; av DEPCST - Waardeverminderingskoste; av OilCost - Oliekoste Die veranderlikes in VOC word gedefinieer deur 'n paar vergelykings. Vir verduidelikende doeleindes word 'n numeriese voorbeeld ingesluit. GEVOLGTREKKING EN AANBEVELING Die implementering van hierdie Gewysigde Vereenvoudiging het nie net die WCG nie, maar ook ander entiteite wat ook die VOC (jaarliks gepubliseer) gebruik, bygestaan. Belangstellendes het die opsie om die terrein in hul implementering in te sluit. Dit is belangrik om ag te slaan op die beginsels wat gebruik is om HDM-4 te vereenvoudig tesame met die besigheidsreëls van die Gewysigde Vereenvoudiging, indien dit gebruik word. Die huidige model vereis nie 'n herontwikkeling as gevolg van enige voertuigvloot verandering in die toekoms nie. As gevolg van die besluit om alle gedefinieerde tipes voertuig te vereenvoudig, kan die voertuigvloot keuse net in die stelsel opgedateer word. Aanbeveling vir verdere navorsing en ontwikkeling sluit in: • Alleenstaande funksie wat reeds deur die WCG beskou word • Ondersoek Gepubliseerde Voertuig data • Gebruik van Ekonomiese voertuigdata vir sekere toepassings

Background: Associations between dietary fats and mortality are unclear. Methods: We evaluated the relationship between quartiles of total fat, mono-unsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption, and all-cause, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated mortality in 24,144 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1999–2010. We added our results to a meta-analysis based on searches until November 2018. Results: In fully adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models in our prospective study, there was an inverse association between total fat (HR: 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.82, 0.99, Q4 vs Q1) and PUFA (0.81, 0.78–0.84) consumption and all-cause mortality, whereas SFA were associated with the increased mortality (1.08, 1.04–1.11). In the meta-analysis of 29 prospective cohorts (n = 1,148,117) we found a significant inverse association between total fat (0.89, 0.82–0.97), MUFA (0.93, 0.87–0.99) and PUFA (0.86, 0.80–0.93) consumption and all-cause mortality. No association was observed between total fat and CVD (0.92, 0.79–1.08) or CHD mortality (1.03 0.99–1.09). A significant association between SFA intake and CHD mortality (1.10, 1.01–1.20) was observed. Neither MUFA nor PUFA were associated with CVD or CHD mortality. Inverse associations were observed between MUFA (0.80, 0.67–0.96) and PUFA (0.84, 0.80–0.90) intakes and stroke mortality. Conclusions: We showed differential associations of total fat, MUFA and PUFA with all-cause mortality, but not CVD or CHD mortalities. SFA was associated with higher all-cause mortality in NHANES and with CHD mortality in our meta-analysis. The type of fat intake appears to be associated with important health outcomes.
European Society of Cardiology
Revisión por pares

A comercialização de produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNMs) popularizou-se como atividade promotora do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de comunidades florestais com baixo impacto ambiental. Há evidências, contudo, de que a exploração possa produzir efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos negativos, sugerindo que é necessário monitorar tais iniciativas. A comercialização frequentemente ocorre em áreas remotas e em contextos de pobreza, como é o caso de muitas daquelas da Amazônia brasileira. Desta forma, é necessário que o monitoramento restrinja-se a avaliar os efeitos evidenciados como mais comuns em estudos anteriores. Este estudo revisa e sintetiza as evidências científicas dos efeitos da exploração de PFNMs sobre parâmetros ecológicos e socioeconômicos e, a partir daí, indica aqueles mais relevantes ao monitoramento. O estudo também levanta até que ponto o monitoramento é implementado no contexto da Amazônia brasileira e avalia quais os parâmetros importantes e viáveis de monitoramento neste caso específico. Para isso, foram realizadas revisões sistemáticas da literatura e a consulta a profissionais da área através do método Delphi. Os resultados indicam que efeitos ecológicos negativos são frequentes, principalmente quando se coletam folhas ou cascas. Alterações em órgãos ou processos fisiológicos e a taxa de sobrevivência dos espécimes explorados são parâmetros que devem ser monitorados, em particular quando se coletam frutos e partes vegetativas. Para todos os tipos de PFNMs, o tamanho e a estrutura populacional são parâmetros prioritários ao monitoramento. A riqueza de espécies da comunidade explorada merece atenção, principalmente quando se coletam frutos. Para os aspectos socioeconômicos, efeitos positivos foram mais frequentes que negativos. A contribuição da renda monetária obtida com o comércio na renda total, a regularidade de ingresso desta renda e o papel dos PFNMs como recursos de salvaguarda são parâmetros do capital financeiro prioritários ao monitoramento. Para o capital social, o empoderamento feminino, a coesão de grupo e o acesso aos benefícios gerados pela comercialização devem ser monitorados. Na Amazônia brasileira são poucas as iniciativas de implementação do monitoramento da comercialização de PFNMs. Embora este seja considerado importante, existem dificuldades que derivam principalmente da falta de apoio institucional, políticas de incentivo e de recursos financeiros. Os profissionais participantes do Delphi consideram que os parâmetros ecológicos mais importantes a monitorar neste contexto são o tamanho e a estrutura populacional do recurso explorado, o aumento da taxa de mortalidade, a quantidade total de recurso extraída e a técnica de coleta utilizada. Para os parâmetros econômicos, aspectos do mercado, como o preço pago ao coletor, a demanda e a qualidade do produto, bem como a renda monetária obtida pelos indivíduos são os parâmetros considerados mais importantes. Por fim, para os aspectos sociais, os efeitos na cultura, na qualidade de vida e na organização interna da comunidade foram priorizados. Os profissionais indicam que é viável estabelecer o monitoramento dos parâmetros levantados.
Amazon, non-timber forest products, ecological effects, socioeconomic effects, monitoring.

Telemetry system, Optimisation, Sensoric networks, Smart Grid, Internet of Things, Sensors, Information security, Cryptography, Cryptography algorithms, Cryptosystem, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Data freshness, Non-Repudiation.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
100
With the rapid development of e-commerce, database has become an integral part of the websites. Many websites didn’t validate the user input properly, so hacker could exploit it and access the database. The loss in SQLIAs is more than millions of dollars in each year, so SQLIAs is one of the most serious threats to the security of database driven application. To prevent SQLIAs (SQL Injection Attacks), many experts and researchers proposed a lot of defensive measures for SQLIAs. The related method for SQLIAs includes penetration test、static analysis、runtime validationetc., but no one could ensure that the method they proposed could block all SQLIAs.Comparing all the methods for SQLIAs detection and prevention, the paper found AMNESIA is a practical method for SQLIAs.But AMNESIA could not detect SQLIAs in stored procedures. Based on AMNESIA, the paper add a method using static analysis and runtime monitoring to detect SQLIAs in stored procedures. Furthermore the paper add a middleware between application server and database server to intercept all SQL commands and queries from web applications. The MiddleWare could filter the SQL command if exist SQLIAs in stored procedures by checking allowed list of stored procedures. If most of the SQLIAs in stored procedures block by MiddleWare, the runtime overhead would decrease. Finally, the paper use the method to detect SQLIAs in five web sites. The method could detect all SQLIAs and has no false positive. The MiddleWare could decrease 75 percentage runtime overhead in detecting SQLIAs in stored procedures.

碩士
中原大學
電子工程研究所
94
With the fast development of the economy, transportation has become an important element in modern human life. Among the various types of transportation, the increasing number of automobiles causes a lot of problems in traffics and vehicle management. The automatic vehicle license plate recognition system can play an important role to diminish these problems. Automatic vehicle license plate recognition systems have been designed for more than 20 years, but the development of these systems was limited by unsatisfactory constraints in the hardware computation capability, such as the slow processing speed of CPUs and RAMs. As the improvement of the computation technology, those constraints no longer exist and hence more and more people are attracted to participate in the research and development in this field. Very few past studies were focusing a single plate recognition method that concurrently supports different types of vehicles, such as cars, trucks, buses, and contain trailer. Therefore, this thesis proposes a universal plate recognition system for all vechicle types in Taiwan. In this system, special processes including edge detection, color information transform, grouping, etc. are initially carried out in order to locate a possible vehicle license plate in the image. Geometry characteristics of the licence plate are then used to achieve the objective of preliminary plate positioning. The cropped plates are converted into black characters and white background no matter which original colors of the plates are. Furthermore, the image is fine-tuned by chopping out the plate originating information and the screw holes to find out the interested vehicle license plate region. Projection is used to accurately identify the four borders of characters and connected component labeling is used to segment the plate string into discrete characters. Finally, normalized characters are recognized using template matching to achieve the objective of plate recognition. In order to be applied for multiple applications in the future, images are intended to be captured in various conditions including different viewing angles and distances. The experimental results show that the system achieves 91.73% success rate in plate positioning, 97.17% success rate in plate color conversion to black characters and white background, 91.27% success rate in plate recognition. The system proposed in this thesis, which has been proved to be capable for recognizing plates of all vehicle types in Taiwan, is different from other common systems that can only work with a specific type of vehicle.

碩士
國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
103
This study focused on the comparative analysis of all types of personal insurance income trends in Taiwan. We based on the Prospect Theory to predict the insurance income trends of four insurance types and used Multiple Regression model to test the hypothesis. Prospect Theory suggested that people will become risk-averters when they have gains, and they will become risk-lovers when they have losses. In our study, that means when people need to decide whether to buy the insurance or not, they will evaluate the situations and form the different risk attitudes toward different types of insurance, and that will influence the insurance income trends of all types of personal insurance. Our major empirical results are: First, the whole personal insurance income trend was increasing during last decade when we excluded the economic factors. Second, the insurance income trends of four types of personal insurance were different, and all confirmed the hypothesis. We hope the results of this study can help the insurance companies to apply different product strategies to different insurance types, that might improve the future development of insurance industry.

Documentos apresentados no âmbito do reconhecimento de graus e diplomas estrangeiros
The recent earthquake have been shown steel moment frame (SMF) with weld connections are so brittle. According to researches, the more damage were due to cracking of the weld between the beam flange and the column face and induced concentrated stresses in this area. A useful approach to reduce the stress concentration at the panel zone is using of reduce beam section (RBS). Given the enormous impact of seismic behavior and ductility of the panel zone, RBS moves plastic hinge formation at appropriate distance from column face. In this study, a moment connection with different shape of reducing beam flange and web have been modeled using ABAQUS computer program and compared with each other during cyclic behavior. This paper is to present the results of numerical modeling on four subassemblies RBS moment connections. The beam flanges and web reduced by two method that were radial cutting and circular cutting. The circles of one of models were the same and one of them increase gradually. The main objectives are: (1) to comparison between all type of RBS connection on ductility; (2) to study the effect of all type of reduce beam connection on the concentration stress and strain in different zones (3) to study the effect of all type of reduce beam connection on the concentration equivalent plastic strain at integration point (PEEQ) in different zones ; (4) to obtain the influence of various type of reduce flange section on dissipated energy by the whole model; (5) to consider the buckling behavior of the exterior models; (6) to obtain connections secant stiffness and classification them. This study shown that RBS moment connection translate plastic hinge and concentrated of stress from connection to the reduce area. Also RBS connection with Variable radius Hole (RBS-VH) increase stiffness of panel zone, dissipated energy by whole model and ductility of connection. The result of this study show that all models have reached to 0.04 radians rotation, and the strength of connection at 0.04 radians rotation, is more than 80 percent of the beam plastic moment capacity, (0.8Mp). Consequently this connection satisfies the criteria of AISC Seismic Provisions (2005) for special moment frame systems. According to AISC Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings (2005), if KL/ EI > 20, the connection can be considered as fully restrained. Where L and EI are length and bending rigidity of the beam respectively. Values of secant stiffness and KL/EI are presented in the result for all models. As the result shown, all values of KL/EI for RBS connection are greater than 20, therefore according AISC Seismic Provisions, this connection can be classified as a fully restrained (FR) connection. As the result shown, cut the flange area using circles that increase gradually provide beam and connection behavior against buckling.

L’avancement des technologies a permis aux agresseurs sexuels de mineurs d’avoir de nouvelles opportunités de commettre des infractions à caractère sexuel en ligne (Fortin, Paquette, & Dupont, 2018; Seto, Hanson, & Babchishin, 2011). Avec un nombre de plaintes criminelles croissant (Wolak, Finkelhor, & Mitchell, 2012), le phénomène du leurre informatique pose de nombreux défis pour les enquêteurs qui doivent développer des méthodes d'enquête pour distinguer les dossiers ayant le plus de risque de passage à l’acte afin d’assurer la protection du public. Le projet de recherche vise à distinguer les différents types de cyber-relations basées sur les stratégies utilisées dans les discours d’auteurs de leurre. En analysant les différences entre les auteurs de leurre qui ne demande pas un contact hors ligne, ceux qui n’ont pas été capables d’obtenir un contact et ceux qui ont obtenu un contact hors ligne, on vise à identifier les stratégies associées aux discoures des interactions menant aux contacts hors ligne. L’étude utilise une combinaison d’approche qualitative et quantitative. L’analyse des conversations en ligne a été faite à partir de données policières de la Surêté du Québec . La transformation des données qualitatives en quantitative a été fait pour conduire les analyses statistiques. Les résultats suggèrent que les stratégies associées aux interactions qui ont mené au passage hors ligne sont : la persistance, la pratique en ligne des fantaisies sexuelles et d’avoir des opportunités à risque limité de détection d’une figure faisant autorité. Les auteurs de leurre avec contact ont utilisé ces stratégies de manière plus récurrente que les auteurs de leurre sans contact. En outre, les victimes qui participent plus et qui résistent le plus ont été associées à des relations menant au contact hors ligne. Les auteurs de leurre ayant eu un contact hors ligne avec leurs victimes avaient un plus grand nombre de conversations, en moyenne. Donc, ils avaient plus de temps pour utiliser différentes stratégies pour surpasser les résistances des victimes. Les implications de cette recherche suggèrent que les typologies identifiées dans la littérature scientifique n’ont pas trouver les caractéristiques scientifiquement associées à chacun des types.
The advancement of technology created new opportunities for online sex solicitors to cyber victimize minors online (Fortin et al., 2018; Seto et al., 2011). With the increasing number of police reports (Wolak et al., 2012), online sex solicitors pose numerous challenges for police practices. This research project aims to distinguish the differences between the types of interactions that seek offline contact based on the strategies seen in their discourses. By analyzing the differences between the strategies used by various types of interactions, we aimed to identify the strategies which are associated with offline contact interaction group. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to achieve the research goal. We used a qualitative methodology to do a thematic analysis and codify the chatlogs. The strategies used for codification were taken from previous studies and observation of the police data from the Sûreté du Québec . After the codification, we transformed the thematic results into quantitative data. The quantitative research methodology was employed to test the differences in frequency of each strategy between types of interactions. The results demonstrate that the strategies associated with offline contact are persistence, fantasy rehearsal and the presence of opportunities with limited risk of exposure. Contact group used more frequently these strategies compared to the noncontact group. Moreover, contact victims showed more participatory and oppositional behaviours. Offenders who met their victims offline showed longer interactions, on average. Consequentially, offenders from the contact group had more time to use the various strategies to surpass the victims' resistances. The implication of this research lays in the contradiction of these results compared to literature's results. The particularities of each types are not associated with previous typologies.