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1
Betten, Anton, Stela Topalova, and Svetlana Zhelezova. "New Uniform Subregular Parallelisms of PG(3, 4) Invariant under an Automorphism of Order 2." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 20, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2020-0057.
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Abstract A spread in PG(n, q) is a set of lines which partition the point set. A parallelism is a partition of the set of lines by spreads. A parallelism is uniform if all its spreads are isomorphic. Up to isomorphism, there are three spreads of PG(3, 4) – regular, subregular and aregular. Therefore, three types of uniform parallelisms are possible. In this work, we consider uniform parallelisms of PG(3, 4) which possess an automorphism of order 2. We establish that there are no regular parallelisms, and that there are 8253 nonisomorphic subregular parallelisms. Together with the parallelisms known before this work, this yields a total of 8623 known subregular parallelisms of PG(3, 4).
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Refenes, Apostolos N. "Parallelism in knowledge-based machines." Knowledge Engineering Review 4, no. 1 (March 1989): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900004744.
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AbstractThe application area of knowledge-based expert systems is currently providing the main stimulus for developing powerful, parallel computer architectures. Languages for programming knowledge-based applications divide into four broad classes: Functional languages (e.g. LISP), Logic languages (e.g. PROLOG), Rule-Based languages (e.g. OPS5), and, what we refer to as self-organizing networks (e.g. BOLTZMANN machines).Despite their many differences, a common problem for all language classes and their supporting machine architectures is parallelism: how to de-compose a single computation into a number of parallel tasks that can be distributed across an ensemble of processors. The aim of this paper is to review the four types of language for programming knowledge-based expert systems, and their supporting parallel machine architectures. In doing so we analyze the concepts and relationships that exist between the programming languages and their parallel machine architectures in terms of their strengths and limitations for exploiting parallelization.
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Hartman, Jeremy. "The Semantic Uniformity of Traces: Evidence from Ellipsis Parallelism." Linguistic Inquiry 42, no. 3 (July 2011): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00050.
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This article presents an argument from ellipsis parallelism that traces of all types of movement receive a bound variable interpretation at LF. MaxElide, a constraint on ellipsis, is used to probe the size of parallelism domains and detect the semantic contribution of a variety of traces. The data examined reveal a detailed interaction between wh-movement from various positions, T-to-C movement, and movement of subjects. I offer an analysis based on the overlapping variable-binder relationships created by these movements. The theoretical conclusion is that Ā-, A-, and head movement all produce traces that feed interpretation. This conclusion argues directly against several proposals that deprive non-Ā movements of (certain) semantic effects—for example, proposals that head movement occurs at PF, or that A-movement does not leave traces.
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Cho, Jaechan, Yongchul Jung, Seongjoo Lee, and Yunho Jung. "Reconfigurable Binary Neural Network Accelerator with Adaptive Parallelism Scheme." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030230.
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Binary neural networks (BNNs) have attracted significant interest for the implementation of deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained edge devices, and various BNN accelerator architectures have been proposed to achieve higher efficiency. BNN accelerators can be divided into two categories: streaming and layer accelerators. Although streaming accelerators designed for a specific BNN network topology provide high throughput, they are infeasible for various sensor applications in edge AI because of their complexity and inflexibility. In contrast, layer accelerators with reasonable resources can support various network topologies, but they operate with the same parallelism for all the layers of the BNN, which degrades throughput performance at certain layers. To overcome this problem, we propose a BNN accelerator with adaptive parallelism that offers high throughput performance in all layers. The proposed accelerator analyzes target layer parameters and operates with optimal parallelism using reasonable resources. In addition, this architecture is able to fully compute all types of BNN layers thanks to its reconfigurability, and it can achieve a higher area–speed efficiency than existing accelerators. In performance evaluation using state-of-the-art BNN topologies, the designed BNN accelerator achieved an area–speed efficiency 9.69 times higher than previous FPGA implementations and 24% higher than existing VLSI implementations for BNNs.
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Spurrett, David. "Common Currencies, Multiple Systems and Risk Cognition: Evolutionary Trade-offs and the Problem of Efficient Choices." Journal of Cognition and Culture 16, no. 5 (November 7, 2016): 436–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342187.
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There is an enduring tension in thinking about the architecture of systems that select behaviours, including evolved organisms. One line of reasoning supports convergence in control systems and conversion of the values of all options into a common currency, in part because this seems the best or only way of trading off costs and benefits associated with outcomes of varying types. A competing consideration supports parallelism or other forms of fragmentation, because of inefficiencies associated with integration, and suspicion towards general-purpose cognitive systems. In addition, recent neuroscience has given particular attention to the question of how partly independent ‘habit based’ and ‘planning based’ decision-systems might interact. The issues here are, at least in part, a special case of the more general integration versus parallelism tension. This tension provides a useful framework for thinking about the implementation of different kinds of sensitivity to risks of various types, the variety of mechanisms by means of which risk sensitivity might be modulated, and how risk might be traded off against other components of value or disincentive. I describe the tension, briefly survey some of the relevant empirical evidence, and conclude with tentative observations on the topic of risk.
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Devos, Anastasiia. "STILISTIC FEATURES OF FRENCH SOCIAL ADVERTISING." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-153-155.
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The article is devoted to the study of social advertising as a special kind of French advertising discourse, namely to identify the basic stylistic means inherent in advertising discourse. Particular attention was paid to identifying characteristic stylistic figures and defining their functions in social advertising. It is worth noting that the discourse of French social advertising is most characterized by the use of such rhetorical figures as syntactic parallelism, antithesis, repetition, play of words, rhetorical questions and rhyme. Among all the above stylistic figures, the most common in social advertising is syntactic parallelism, which is simultaneously accompanied by different types of repetitions. Another stylistic tool that is also quite common in French social advertising texts is the antithesis. As has been demonstrated in the previous examples, antithesis is usually accompanied by syntactic parallelism, which is built on contrasts and oppositions of certain concepts. Another stylistic technique that is very characteristic of the discourse of French social advertising is the play of words. Advertisers often refer to this rhetorical tool because the use of wordplay renders the advertisement more original, gives it luminance and sometimes even ironic sound. We would like to emphasise that through a system of artistic imagery, linguistic and stylistic means, advertising posters highlight what excites contemporary society and offer ways to solve pressing societal problems.
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Karasiński, Artur. "Albańskie odczasownikowe derywaty przymiotnikowe." Slavia Meridionalis 10 (August 31, 2015): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2010.010.
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Albanian adjective derivatives derived from verbsThe aim of this article is the analysis of the Albanian adjective derivatives which are derived from verbs. The main assumption made by the author is the existence of structural isomorphism (parallelism in language elements system in which structuring of one level parallels or is made to parallel that of another) between the structure of the derivative and the structure of the sentence. The proposed model of the analysis is directed from content to form. All examined adjective derivatives derived from verbs are being analyzed with their noun context which displays their semantic structure. Nominal phrases containing adjective derivatives are interpreted as the representation of predicate–argument structures. The kind of relation between defined noun and derivational base of the adjective is a criterion of the division of Albanian adjective derivatives derived from verbs. These main types of relations are:relation in which the base of an adjective represents basic predicate;relation in which the base of an adjective represents additional predicate.Classes which are the results of the main division are the subject to detailed description.
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Al-Badi, A. H., and H. M. Al-Rizzo. "Simulation of Electromagnetic Coupling on Pipelines close to Overhead Transmission Lines: A Parametric Study." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 1, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v1i2.309.
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Electromagnetic interference effects caused by electric power lines on neighboring metallic utilities such as water, gas or oil pipelines became a major concern due tosignificant increase in the load and short circuit current levels needed to satisfy the load requirements. Another reason for increased interference levels originates from the environmental concerns, which impose on various utilities the obligation to share common corridors. This paper presents three different scenarios of a pipeline in which all types of electromagnetic interferences (coupling) will be investigated and their effects on the pipeline will be predicted. The level of the calculated voltage, owing to each type of coupling, depends on different factors (voltage level, length of parallelism, separation distance, soil resistivity, load current magnitude and pipeline coating). The effects of these factors are discussed; some factors such as the fault current level, separation distance and soil resistivities are found to exhibit a large influence on the pipeline voltage. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the comprehensive analyses presented in this paper considering all types of interferences have not yet been publishedelsewhere.
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Diessel, Holger. "The relationship between demonstratives and interrogatives." Studies in Language 27, no. 3 (November 27, 2003): 635–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.27.3.06die.
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This paper examines two types of expressions that seem to exist in all languages, demonstratives and interrogatives. Based on a representative sample of 100 languages it is shown that demonstratives and interrogatives have some striking features in common. They cross-cut the boundaries of several word classes and encode the same semantic features: person, thing, place, direction, manner, time, and amount. It is the central hypothesis of this study that the crosslinguistic parallelism between demonstratives and interrogatives is motivated by their pragmatic functions: both initiate a search for information that is guided by their semantic and syntactic features. Further, it is argued that demonstratives and interrogatives have a special status in language. Although both types of expressions are commonly considered grammatical markers, they do not serve an ordinary grammatical function. Grammatical markers organize the information flow in the ongoing discourse, whereas basic demonstratives and interrogatives are immediately concerned with the speaker-hearer interaction.
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Ehrig, Hartmut, Annegret Habel, and Barry K. Rosen. "Concurrent Transformations of Relational Structures." Fundamenta Informaticae 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 13–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1986-9103.
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This paper provides a common framework to study transformations of structures ranging from all kinds of graphs to relational data structures. Transformations of structures can be used as derivations of graphs in the sense of graph grammars, as update of relations in the sense of relational data bases, or even as operations on data structures in the sense of abstract data types. The main aim of the paper is to construct parallel and concurrent transformations from given sequential ones and to study sequentializability properties of complex transformations. The main results are three fundamental theorems concerning parallelism, concurrency and decomposition of transformations of structures. On one hand these results can be considered as a contribution to the study of con currency in graph grammars and on the other hand as a formal framework for consistent concurrent update of relational structures.
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Tosa, Yukio, Jun Osue, Yukiko Eto, Hong-Sik Oh, Hitoshi Nakayashiki, Shigeyuki Mayama, and Sally A. Leong. "Evolution of an Avirulence Gene, AVR1-CO39, Concomitant with the Evolution and Differentiation of Magnaporthe oryzae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 11 (November 2005): 1148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-1148.
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The significance of AVR1-CO39, an avirulence gene of the blast fungus corresponding to Pi-CO39(t) in rice cultivars, during the evolution and differentiation of the blast fungus was evaluated by studying its function and distribution in Pyricularia spp. When the presence or absence of AVR1-CO39 was plotted on a dendrogram constructed from ribosomal DNA sequences, a perfect parallelism was observed between its distribution and the phylogeny of Pyricularia isolates. AVR1-CO39 homologs were exclusively present in one species, Pyricularia oryzae, suggesting that AVR1-CO39 appeared during the early stage of evolution of P. oryzae. Transformation assays showed that all the cloned homologs tested are functional as an avirulence gene, indicating that selection has maintained their function. Nevertheless, Oryza isolates (isolates virulent on Oryza spp.) in P. oryzae exceptionally noncarriers of AVR1-CO39. All Oryza isolates suffered from one of the two types of known rearrangements at the Avr1-CO39 locus (i.e., G type and J type). These types were congruous to the two major lineages of Oryza isolates from Japan determined by MGR586 and MAGGY. These results indicate that AVR1-CO39 was lost during the early stage of evolution of the Oryza-specific subgroup of P. oryzae. Interestingly, its corresponding resistance gene, Pi-CO39(t), is not widely distributed in Oryza spp.
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GALLAGHER, JOHN, and MICHAEL GELFOND. "Introduction to the 27th International Conference on Logic Programming Special Issue." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 11, no. 4-5 (July 2011): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068411000342.
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Following the initiative in 2010 taken by the Association for Logic Programming and Cambridge University Press, the full papers accepted for the International Conference on Logic Programming again appear as a special issue of Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)—the 27th International Conference on Logic Programming Special Issue. Papers describing original, previously unpublished research and not simultaneously submitted for publication elsewhere were solicited in all areas of logic programming including but not restricted to: Theory: Semantic Foundations, Formalisms, Non- monotonic Reasoning, Knowledge Representation. Implementation: Compilation, Memory Management, Virtual Machines, Parallelism. Environments: Program Analysis, Transformation, Validation, Verification, Debugging, Profiling, Testing. Language Issues: Concurrency, Objects, Coordination, Mobility, Higher Order, Types, Modes, Assertions, Programming Techniques. Related Paradigms: Abductive Logic Programming, Inductive Logic Programming, Constraint Logic Programming, Answer-Set Programming. Applications: Databases, Data Integration and Federation, Software Engineering, Natural Language Processing, Web and Semantic Web, Agents, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics.
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Zhang, Xingyi, Xiangxiang Zeng, Bin Luo, and Linqiang Pan. "On Some Classes of Sequential Spiking Neural P Systems." Neural Computation 26, no. 5 (May 2014): 974–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00580.
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Spiking neural P systems (SN P systems) are a class of distributed parallel computing devices inspired by the way neurons communicate by means of spikes; neurons work in parallel in the sense that each neuron that can fire should fire, but the work in each neuron is sequential in the sense that at most one rule can be applied at each computation step. In this work, with biological inspiration, we consider SN P systems with the restriction that at each step, one of the neurons (i.e., sequential mode) or all neurons (i.e., pseudo-sequential mode) with the maximum (or minimum) number of spikes among the neurons that are active (can spike) will fire. If an active neuron has more than one enabled rule, it nondeterministically chooses one of the enabled rules to be applied, and the chosen rule is applied in an exhaustive manner (a kind of local parallelism): the rule is used as many times as possible. This strategy makes the system sequential or pseudo-sequential from the global view of the whole network and locally parallel at the level of neurons. We obtain four types of SN P systems: maximum/minimum spike number induced sequential/pseudo-sequential SN P systems with exhaustive use of rules. We prove that SN P systems of these four types are all Turing universal as number-generating computation devices. These results illustrate that the restriction of sequentiality may have little effect on the computation power of SN P systems.
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LEUSCHEL, MICHAEL, and TOM SCHRIJVERS. "Introduction to the 30th International Conference on Logic Programming Special Issue." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 14, no. 4-5 (July 2014): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068414000581.
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The 30th edition of the International Conference of Logic Programming took place in Vienna in July 2014 at the Vienna Summer of Logic - the largest scientific conference in the history of logic. Following the initiative in 2010 taken by the Association for Logic Programming and Cambridge University Press, the full papers accepted for the International Conference on Logic Programming again appear as a special issue of Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP) - the 30th International Conference on Logic Programming Special Issue. Papers describing original, previously unpublished research and not simultaneously submitted for publication elsewhere were solicited in all areas of logic programming including but not restricted to: Theory: Semantic Foundations, Formalisms, Non- monotonic Reasoning, Knowledge Representation; Implementation: Compilation, Memory Management, Virtual Machines, Parallelism; Environments: Program Analysis, Transformation, Validation, Verification, Debugging, Profiling, Testing; Language Issues: Concurrency, Objects, Coordination, Mobility, Higher Order, Types, Modes, Assertions, Programming Techniques; Related Paradigms: Abductive Logic Programming, Inductive Logic Programming, Constraint Logic Programming, Answer-Set Programming; Applications: Databases, Data Integration and Federation, Software Engineering, Natural Language Processing, Web and Semantic Web, Agents, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics.
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Чеснокова, Г. В., and Г. К. Морозова. "Deviation in E. E. Cummings’ poetry: The research of foregrounding." Studia Philologica, no. 10 (2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.11.
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Following the introduction of the ideas of Russian Formalists and Prague Structuralists, the foregrounding theory appeared as a new paradigm, based on linguistic models that claimed to provide insight into poetic technique and gain a grasp of the effects generated by this technique in the readers. Thus the article focuses on the analysis of stylistic tools to create the foregrounding effect by means of linguistic parallelism and deviation and their components in the traditional and non-traditional poems by E. E. Cummings. The famous American twentieth century poet, essayist, playwright and painter, he is famous for his very special style of writing, unusual break of lexical, morphological, phonological and syntactic rules. The poetic innovations were created as he skilfully used various types of foregrounding in his poems. E. E. Cummings illustrated all types and aspects of foregrounding that are ever possible, demonstrated their effect on the readers and therefore attracted scholarly attention. By means of it he has contributed the possibility for further development of the foregrounding theory. Hence, in this article the authors offer the outline of theoretical background of foregrounding research as they systematize different approaches to research in the area during last two centuries. On a practical note, the article details the issue of linguistic deviation as a way to create the foregrounding effect and influence the readers’ perception of the poem. The authors hold that deviation can occur at different language levels: morphological, phonological, syntactic, grammatical and lexical. In E. E. Cummings’s poems deviation is demonstrated at all possible language levels in order to emphasize particular information, to bring reader’s attention to a certain fact and it is a powerful tool to generate an effect on readers.
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Haddad, Naif Adel, Fatima Y. Jalboosh, Leen A. Fakhoury, and Romel Ghrayib. "URBAN AND RURAL UMAYYAD HOUSE ARCHITECTURE IN JORDAN: A COMPREHENSIVE TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AT AL-HALLABAT." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i2.835.
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The Umayyad period represents one of the most prosperous periods in the history of Jordan. Most of the studies, however, have long been focused on palatial and luxurious architecture. In Jordan, few examples of Umayyad houses have survived in their entirety. However, the new discoveries at al-Hallabat rural houses allow an architectural enrichment of our knowledge for that period, even from a socio-economic point of view. In contrast with the better-known desert palaces that dominate the evidence for this period, they also assist in establishing the houses’ typological patterns. This paper attempts to present and discuss the main Umayyad urban and rural house architecture in Jordan, while addressing al-Hallabat Umayyad houses based on recent unpublished reports and preliminary results of excavations. It aims to present a comparative typological pattern analysis of al-Hallabat houses excavated at two phases (1979-1982, 2002-2006) with parallel examples from Bilad al-Sham. The paper defines three typological patterns; nucleus, courtyard, and complex houses. All have at least one courtyard. The study shows that there were continuity and parallelism in Bilad al-Sham between these types and those used at least in early Byzantine and early Islamic period, such as these at ar-Risha and Khirbet al-Askar in Jordan.
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Baptista, Darío, Sheikh Mostafa, Lucas Pereira, Leonel Sousa, and Fernando Morgado-Dias. "Implementation Strategy of Convolution Neural Networks on Field Programmable Gate Arrays for Appliance Classification Using the Voltage and Current (V-I) Trajectory." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092460.
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Specific information about types of appliances and their use in a specific time window could help determining in details the electrical energy consumption information. However, conventional main power meters fail to provide any specific information. One of the best ways to solve these problems is through non-intrusive load monitoring, which is cheaper and easier to implement than other methods. However, developing a classifier for deducing what kind of appliances are used at home is a difficult assignment, because the system should identify the appliance as fast as possible with a higher degree of certainty. To achieve all these requirements, a convolution neural network implemented on hardware was used to identify the appliance through the voltage and current (V-I) trajectory. For the implementation on hardware, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used to exploit processing parallelism in order to achieve optimal performance. To validate the design, a publicly available Plug Load Appliance Identification Dataset (PLAID), constituted by 11 different appliances, has been used. The overall average F-score achieved using this classifier is 78.16% for the PLAID 1 dataset. The convolution neural network implemented on hardware has a processing time of approximately 5.7 ms and a power consumption of 1.868 W.
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O'Malley, Robert C. "Parallels and contrasts with primate cultural research." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 2 (April 2001): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01493964.
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The types of cetacean cultural behavior patterns described (primarily food-related and communication-related) reflect a very different research focus than that found in primatology, where dietary variation and food processing is emphasized and other potentially “cultural” patterns have (until recently) been relatively neglected. The lack of behavioral research in all but a few cetacean species is also notable, as it mirrors a bias in primatology towards only a few genera.
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BROWN, DAVID. "Realism and religious experience." Religious Studies 51, no. 4 (October 10, 2014): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412514000389.
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AbstractIn this article three types of objection to a realist account of religious experience are explored: (1) the unusual character of its object; (2) its unusual accompanying conditions; and (3) the conflicting content. In response to (1) it is noted that despite divine freedom not all types of encounter preclude predictability, while parallels are drawn with perception of other complex objects such as persons. At the same time the whole notion of simple perceptions is challenged. In response to (2) parallels to the affective element are found not only in moral and aesthetic experience but more widely. Finally, in response to (3) apparent irreconcilable conflicts are lessened by observing how all such experiences take place within the context of traditions whose surface incompatibility does not necessarily indicate deep divisions.
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Torres, M. J., C. Mayorga, T. D. Fernández, J. A. Cornejo-García, C. Antúnez, M. Valenzuela, M. F. Del Prado, R. Rodriguez-Pena, and M. Blanca. "T Cell Assessment in Allergic Drug Reactions during the Acute Phase According to the Time of Occurrence." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 19, no. 1 (January 2006): 205873920601900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205873920601900112.
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Allergic drug reactions can be classified as immediate, accelerated or delayed. This classification usually correlates with the mechanism involved: immediate reactions are IgE mediated and delayed reactions are T cell dependent. We analyzed lymphocyte involvement in patients with these reactions by determining cell subpopulations, activation state and skin homing receptor expression (CLA) in blood and skin. Patients with immediate, accelerated and delayed reactions were evaluated during the acute phase and after resolution. Controls taking drugs were included. Phenotypic immunofluorescence analysis was done by flow cytometry in peripheral blood, and by immunohistochemistry in skin for delayed reactions. Forty-six patients were included, 17 with immediate reactions, 10 accelerated and 19 delayed. At the acute phase CLA was significantly increased in delayed reactions and HLA-DR in all three types of reaction. In the severest delayed reactions, Steven-Johnson/Lyell syndromes, the CD4 subsets were increased in peripheral blood and skin compared to maculopapular exanthemas and urticaria and HLA-DR when compared with urticaria. In maculopapular exanthemas CLA was significantly increased in peripheral blood and skin compared to urticaria and the severe reactions. We found that T-cells are implicated, besides delayed reactions, in immediate and accelerated reactions. In delayed reactions there is a parallelism between results found in skin and peripheral blood with a higher participation of CD4+ cells the more severe the reaction.
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Sterk, Jan P. "“All-Inclusive” Parallelism." Bible Translator 58, no. 2 (April 2007): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026009350705800205.
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Tsohatzidis, Savas L. "Emotional states and linguistic events." Pragmatics and Cognition 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.1.2.02tso.
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This paper intends to contribute to the evaluation of the project of analyzing speech act concepts in terms of mental state concepts, by examining Searle's and Vanderveken's proposed analyses of certain types of illocutionary acts as expressions of corresponding types of emotional states. It is argued that the proposed analyses are all defective, that the assumptions about underlying speech act/mental state parallelisms from which their initial plausibility might be taken to derive are themselves mistaken, and that the fact that they have been proposed at all betrays insufficient attention to the distinction between semanti-cally and pragmatically determined aspects of utterance interpretation. It is concluded that these results disturb both the overall structure of Searle's and Vanderveken's theory of speech acts, and the logic of several other similarly reductionist claims in the philosophy of language.
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Pisarenko, I. V., K. N. Alekseev, and A. K. Melnikov. "RESOURCE-INDEPENDENT REPRESENTATION OF SORTING NETWORKS IN Set@l PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 185 (November 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2019.11.pp.053-060.
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The development of scalable parallel programs for high-performance computer systems with reconfigurable and hybrid architectures is an important problem in the field of modern supercomputer engineering. Resource-independent applied software in the high-level COLAMO programming language describes only the limited number of the algorithm implementations for some configurations due to the inductive principle of the information graph forming. However, the creation of efficient resource-independent parallel software requires programming tool that supports both induction and reduction of calculations. To solve the problem, we propose the application of the Set@l programming language based on the aspect-oriented programming paradigm and set-theoretical code representation. According to the aspect-oriented concept, Set@l describes an algorithm for the problem solution and its parallelizing and other implementation features as separated program modules – source code and various aspects. The programming language being considered has much in common with traditional set-theory-based languages such as SETL, SETLX and SETL2, but Set@l introduces the essential classification of collections by parallelism, definiteness, orderliness and other criteria. In contrast to the high-level COLAMO programming language, Set@l specifies the full information graph of a computational problem in the absolutely parallel form and describes the reduction principles for all configurations of a computer system as independent aspects of a program. In this paper, we demonstrate that the aspect-oriented sorting program in the Set@l language defines different types of quadratic sorting networks and various methods of their partition and reduction.
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Stocker, Kurt, and Bruno Laeng. "Analog and Digital Windowing of Attention in Language, Visual Perception, and the Brain." Cognitive Semantics 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 158–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00302002.
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This article theoretically bridges findings of linguistics, of visual perception, and of brain studies to generate novel interdisciplinary research ideas for attention. Specifically, this article lays out striking parallels of the windowing (scope) of attention in spatial cognition underlying language (as outlined by Talmy) and in spatial cognition underlying visual perception (as outlined by Laeng and colleagues). In both language and visual perception one finds analog windowing of attention and two basic forms of digital windowing of attention, one-portion windowing and two-portions split windowing. Additionally, linguistic evidence is provided that all basic attention-windowing types found in spatial cognition underlying language are also metaphorically mapped from spatial to temporal cognition—albeit there is some cross-cultural variation showing that not all time windowing types are found in all languages. Furthermore, analog and digital windowing is placed in the context of neural networks. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Groke, Dirk, Shi-Qi Dou, and Alarich Weiss. "35Cl NQR and Structural Studies of Chloroacetanilides C6H3Cl2NHCOCH3-xClx, 1 ≤ x ≤ 3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1992): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-1-229.
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AbstractThe temperature dependence of 35Cl NQR frequencies and the phase transition behaviour of chloroacetanilides (N-[2,6-dichlorophenyl]-2-chloroacetamide, -2,2-dichloroacetamide, -2,2,2-trichloroacetamide) were investigated. The crystal structure determination of N-[2,6-dichlorophenyl]- 2-chloroacetamide leads to the following: a = 1893.8 pm, b = 1110.7 pm, c = 472.1 pm, space group P212121 = D24 with Z = 4 molecules per unit cell. The arrangement of the molecules and their geometry is comparable to the high temperature phase of the acetyl compound N-[2,6-dichlorophenyl]- acetamide. For N-[2,6-diclorophenyl]-2,2,2-trichloroacetamide it was found: a = 1016.6 pm, b = 1194.3 pm, c = 1006.7 pm, ß= 101.79°, space group P21/c = C52h, Z = 4. The structure is similar to the low temperature phase of N-[2,6-dichlorophenyl]-acetamide. Parallelism between the temperature dependence of the 35C1 NQR lines of the CCl3 group and the X-ray diffraction results concerning the different behaviour of the chlorine atoms was observed. The structures of the compounds show intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the N - H • • • O - C type. The phenyl group and the HNCO function are nearly planar. A bleaching out of several 35Cl NQR lines at a temperature far below the melting point of the substances was observed. The different types of chlorine atoms (aromatic, chloromethyl) can be distinguished by their temperature coefficients of the 35Cl NQR frequencies. All the resonances found show normal "Bayer" temperature behaviour. N-[2,6-dichlorophenyl]-2,2-diehloroacetamide shows several solid phases. One stable low temperature phase and an instable high temperature phase (at room temperature) were observed. The different phases were detected by means of 35Cl NQR spectroscopy and thermal analysis
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Calderone, Jack B., and Gerald H. Jacobs. "Regional variations in the relative sensitivity to UV light in the mouse retina." Visual Neuroscience 12, no. 3 (May 1995): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800008361.
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AbstractAbout 3% of all mouse photoreceptors are cones. An earlier electrophysiological study indicated that there were two classes of cone in the mouse retina having peak sensitivities (λmax) of about 360 nm and 511 nm. Recent immunocytochemical results show there are two types of cones that have distinctive regional segregation patterns. We used regional stimulation of the retina in conjunction with electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry to see if the two cone types identified electrophysiologically are regionalized in a fashion suggested by the anatomical results. We find they are. Relative sensitivity to ultraviolet and visible light stimulation qualitatively parallels that predicted by immunocytochemical labelling. One result of this remarkable regionalization of cone types is that the mouse retina is relatively more sensitive to ultraviolet light stimulation when that light is directed toward the ventral half of the retina.
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Shutan, M. I. "On the two-part poems of F.I. Tyutchev’s." Literature at School, no. 4, 2020 (2020): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/0130-3414-2020-4-20-32.
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The article presents a typology of Tyutchev’s two-part poems, created on the basis of revealing the nature of semantic relations between their compositional elements. These are poems: 1) ith a philosophical or moral-psychological generalization in the second part, which does not just reform the content that is already clear to the reader, but reveals its meaning in the language of concepts and images (the implicit form and various variants of the explicit form: a common motif that binds the parts together; a dialogue; a chain of rhetorical questions; a persona’s consciousness, contemplating and ranking a lyrical character as the artistic center of the lyrical structure); 2) with the psychological gesture in the second part that conveys the desire of certain actions, able to change something in reality or in the inner world of the lyrical “I”; 3) with parallelism of human and nature, implemented mostly through the expanded comparison without, as a rule, a complete analogy (situation: the lyrical hero contemplates a particular material object – and an association with the world of the human soul comes to their mind); 4) with the contrast of objects of nature, its states, human and nature, life and death. In connection with the last point, it is specifically emphasized that one should not confuse the logic of contrast with contrast as a compositional technique. In the light of the analytical and interpretative operations, the following conclusion is made: all the types of relations between the two compositional elements, noted in the article, are represented by both symmetrical and asymmetric structures corresponding to different strophic forms, which allows us to speak about the flexibility of the poet’s artistic thinking, which finds different structural models for expressing the philosophical and moral-psychological content.
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Ekrogulskaya, Alexandra. "Linguistic aspect of Søren Kierkegaard’s “Indirect communication” with continual reference to romantic irony." Scandinavian Philology 19, no. 1 (2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2021.106.
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The subject of this article is the language of Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. The article presents a classification (based on the material of the treatise Repetition) of rhetorical devices specific for this author. This classification relies on the thesis that Romanticism was the cultural and historical context of Kierkegaard’s background which influenced his language and style, and that Kierkegaard’s method of indirect communication became in a certain sense a legacy of romantic irony defined by Friedrich Schlegel as “the form of paradox”. Categorizing Kierkegaard as a descendant of Romanticism makes it possible to classify his main stylistic techniques under the term “contradiction”, which means a conscious and even intentional use of different stylistic and conceptual oppositions in the collision of which the author’s thought is revealed. Three types of contradictions can be distinguished in the text of Repetition. (1) The first one is intertextual contradiction between two works. Publishing his books under different pseudonyms, Kierkegaard creates such a situation as though two authors argue with each other. (2) The second one is conceptual contradiction within one work. Kierkegaard confronts in the treatise two opposite characters and two opposite concepts of repetition. (3) And the last type of contradiction are linguistic contradictions consisting of all the stylistic devices that Kierkegaard uses to activate his method of indirect communication and which can be defined as “wordplay” in the most general sense: as playful and witty use of words. Kierkegaard uses puns, different figures of repetition and parallelism, and these stylistic devices take form of contradiction in order to express the fundamental contradictory of life in an ironic and witty form. In such a “struggle” of oppositions, not only an ironic intonation is created, but also the meaning of concepts is revealed in their true-life fullness.
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Loos, Remco, and Bendek Nagy. "On the Concepts of Parallelism in Biomolecular Computing." Triangle, no. 6 (June 28, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/triangle6.109-118.
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In this paper we consider DNA and membrane computing, both as theoretical models and as problem solving devices. The basic motivation behind these models of natural computing is using parallelism to make hard problems tractable. In this paper we analyze the concept of parallelism. We will show that parallelism has very different meanings in these models.We introduce the terms ’or-parallelism’ and ’and-parallelism’ for these two basic types of parallelism.
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Padberg, Julia, Hartmut Ehrig, and Leila Ribeiro. "Algebraic high-level net transformation systems." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 5, no. 2 (June 1995): 217–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000724.
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The concept of algebraic high-level net transformation systems combines two important lines of research recently introduced in the literature:algebraic high-level nets(AHL-nets for short) andhigh-level replacement systems(HLR-systems for short). In both cases a categorical formulation of the corresponding theory has turned out to be highly important and is also a good basis for the integration of these concepts in this paper.AHL-nets combine Petri nets with algebraic specifications and provide a powerful specification technique for distributed systems including data types and processes.HLR-systems are transformation systems for high-level structures such as graphs, hypergraphs, algebraic specifications and different kinds of Petri nets. The theory of HLRsystems - formulated already in a categorical framework - is applied in this paper to AHLnets. Thus we obtain AHL-net transformation systems as an instantiation of HLR-systems to AHL-nets. This allows us to build up AHL-nets from basic components and to transform the net structure using rules or productions in the sense of graph grammars. This concept is illustrated by extending the well-known example of ‘dining philosophers’. We are able to show that AHL-net-transformation systems satisfy several important compatibility properties. On the one hand we obtain a local Church-Rosser and Parallelism Theorem, which is well-known for graph grammars and has recently been generalized to HLR-systems. This allows us to analyse concurrency in AHL-nets not only on the token level but also on the level of transformations of the net structure. On the other hand, we consider the ‘fusion’ and ‘union’ constructions for high-level structures, motivated by corresponding concepts for high-level Petri nets in the literature, and we show compatibility of these constructions with derivations of HLR-systems in general and AHL-nettransformations in particular. This means compatibility of vertical and horizontal structuring in terms of software development.
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Van Lerberghe, S. "Parallelism in all-pole lattice filters." IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 36, no. 11 (November 1988): 1795–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/29.9022.
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Koulidobrova, Helen. "Parallelism revisited." Sign Language and Linguistics 15, no. 2 (December 17, 2012): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.15.2.07kou.
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Previous research has argued that the null argument surfacing in ASL is comparable to its Spanish counterpart — agreement licensed pro (e.g. Rizzi 1986). This analysis has been applied to both subjects and objects of either all verb classes (Bahan et al. 2000) or agreeing verbs only (Lillo-Martin 1991). In this squib, I demonstrate that the nature of both the null subject and the null object in ASL does not neatly parallel that of Spanish, taken here to be a representative of consistent null subject languages (Biberauer et al. 2010).
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Cahn, R. W., and W. L. Johnson. "Review: The nucleation of disorder." Journal of Materials Research 1, no. 5 (October 1986): 724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1986.0724.
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Four types of phase transformation that involve the conversion of crystalline phases into more disordered forms are reviewed: melting, disordering of superlattices, amorphization by diffusion between crystalline phases, and irradation amorphization. In the review emphasis is placed on evidence for the heterogeneous nucleation of the product phases; in this connection, the role of surfaces, antiphase domain boundaries, dislocations, vacancies, and grain boundaries is specifically discussed. All of these features have been either observed, or hypothesized, to play a role as heterogeneous nucleation sites in one or more of the four transformations. An attempt is made to draw parallels between nucleation mechanisms in the various processes.
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Octavita, Astri Indriana. "THE ANALYSIS OF VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE STYLE IN A THOUSAND YEARS SONG BY CHRISTINA PERRI TRANSLITERATED FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN." Pujangga 3, no. 1 (December 6, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v3i1.328.
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ABSTRACT <br /> <br />The purposes of this research are: to describe the analysis of vocabulary and the types of language style in A Thousand Years lyric by Christina Perri. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative in analyzing the data by classyfing them into vocabulary and language style. After analyzing A Thousand Years lyric , the writer can conclude that the vocabulary and the types of language style are classified in eight types. First, simple style, such as Heart beats fast. The second, precious and powerful style which is the name implies such as But watching you stand alone. The third, middle style is a style that is directed to attempt to inflict happy and peaceful atmosphere such as Darling don't be afraid. The fourth, climax is a kind of a style that contains sequences mind that every time the increasing importance of the ideas previously such as Time stands still. Beauty in all she is. The fifth, anticlimax such as I will not let anything take away. The sixth, parallelism is a kind of a style that is trying to achieve alignment in the use of words or phrases which occupied the same function and grammatical form such as every breath. Every hour has come to this. The seventh, antithesis such as I have died everyday waiting for you. And the eight, repetition is the parts of words that are considered important to give the pressure in an appropriate context such as I have loved you for a thousand years. <br /> Keywords: Vocabulary, The Language Style, Translation Procedure <br /> <br />ABSTRAK <br />Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: untuk menggambarkan analisis kosakata dan jenis gaya bahasa dalam lirik lagu Thousand Years oleh Christina Perri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis data dengan mengklasifikasikanya ke dalam kosa kata dan gaya bahasa. Setelah menganalisis lirik A Thousand Years, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa kosakata dan jenis gaya bahasa diklasifikasikan ke dalam delapan jenis. Pertama, gaya sederhana, seperti jantungku berdebar kencang. Gaya kedua, berharga dan kuat yang namanya seperti namun melihatmu sendirian. Ketiga, gaya tengah adalah gaya yang diarahkan untuk mencoba menimbulkan suasana gembira dan damai seperti kasih jangan takut. Keempat, klimaks adalah semacam gaya yang berisi urutan keberatan bahwa setiap kali semakin penting ide-ide sebelumnya seperti waktu berhenti berputar. Segala tentangnya begitu indah. Kelima, antiklimaks seperti Takkan kubiarkan segalanya berlalu begitu saja. Keenam, paralelisme adalah semacam gaya yang berusaha untuk mencapai keselarasan dalam penggunaan kata atau frasa yang menduduki fungsi yang sama dan bentuk gramatikal seperti Tiap tarikan nafas, Tiap jam telah sampai di sini . Ketujuh, antitesis seperti Tiap hari aku telah mati karena menantimu. Dan delapan, pengulangan adalah bagian dari kata-kata yang dianggap penting untuk memberikan tekanan dalam konteks yang tepat seperti Aku tlah mencintaimu ribuan tahun. <br />Kata Kunci: Kosakata, Gaya Bahasa, Prosedur Penerjemahan <br />
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Rovšek, Matej. "Med pravičnostjo, kakovostjo in učnimi dosežki v osnovni šoli." Šolsko polje XXXI, no. 1-2 (November 4, 2020): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32320/1581-6044.31(1-2)167-189.
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Between equity, quality and learning achievements in primary school One of the features of Slovenian primary school system is the parallelism of two groups of schools – regular ones and those for certain groups of students with special needs. This makes us one of the few countries (EASIE, 2018) to still have completely separated schools for just over 2% of students with special needs. Despite the fact that both types comprise the same educational system, which is, in most aspects, regulated by the same law, some groups of students with special needs do not have the possibility of schooling under the same roof. However, this is only a part of the topic we are going to discuss. The other one tackles the question of equity of schooling in regular schools – besides all other students, this mostly concerns those with special needs, those with mild intellectual abilities, Roma students as well as those with low socio-economic standards (SES). The equity of the Slovenian school system will be discussed in a wider context, not only in the case of gender, SES and nationality comparing learning achievements. The article is based on the assumption that the regular school of today is not adjusted to the developmental needs of most students. For the purpose of discussion, elements which comprise the school system, must be defined: some are either of systemic or curricular, or conceptual or pedagogic nature, such as: curriculum, standards of knowledge, different forms of internal and external assessment, placement of children with special needs etc. Despite all of these elements compromising to make a stable schooling system, they are not all coherent with the needs of today’s modern society and are, even more so, in contrast with the results of the neuro-science in education. Another category of equal opportunities within the question of school equity would, besides the SES, nationality and ethnicity, have to be that of different capabilities of students, regarding the unified (official) standards of knowledge. All of these elements also make it difficult for today’s school to become a school of diversity. A school which will support different students, regardless of their learning achievements, SES and other characteristics. A school where all the students could be successfully educated, those who are already in the regular schools as well as those who are still part of the segregated forms of education. The article will depict why the present school system is no longer suitable for the majority of students and will point to possible solutions. The key solution touches on the changes of curriculums and the concept of assessment, the changes of which also have an impact on all the other elements. The assumptions will be clarified by studying the connection of stated elements and data of the international studies such as the TIMSS and PISA study from 2018 and earlier as well as using other actual Slovenian studies. Key words: equity in education, children with special needs, curriculum, minimum standards of knowledge, assessments, learning achievements, cognitive science
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Xie, Baocheng, Xiaowei Ni, and Jingang Jiang. "Recent Patents on Measurement of Parallelism of Plates." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666190423142718.
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Background: Parallel plate structures are widely used in micro-electromechanical systems, and the measuring technology of parallelism of parallel plates becomes more and more inevitable. More and more attention has been paid on the development of measuring technology of parallelism of parallel plates. Objective: To meet the increasing requirement of measuring precision and measuring efficiency of parallelism measurement of parallel plates, the measuring devices and measuring methods of the parallelism measurement are constantly being enhanced. Methods: This paper retraces varieties of representative patents relevant to the measuring devices and measuring methods of the parallelism measurement of parallel plates. Results: Through retracing the characteristics of different types of measuring devices and measuring methods of parallelism measurement of parallel plates, the main problems existing in the current development such as low measuring precision and low measuring efficiency are concluded and analyzed. Development of patents on the measuring devices and measuring methods of the parallelism measurement is discussed in the future. Conclusion: The optimization and development of parallelism measurement are beneficial to improve measuring precision and measuring efficiency of parallelism measurement of parallel plates. More related patents on parallelism measurement of parallel plates will be invented.
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Amigo, José Manuel. "Data Mining, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Chemometrics. Definitions, common points and Trends (Spoiler Alert: VALIDATE your models!)." Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry 8, no. 32 (May 14, 2021): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-38-2021.
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Concepts like Machine Learning, Data Mining or Artificial Intelligence have become part of our daily life. This is mostly due to the incredible advances made in computation (hardware and software), the increasing capabilities of generating and storing all types of data and, especially, the benefits (societal and economical) that generate the analysis of such data. Simultaneously, Chemometrics has played an important role since the late 1970s, analyzing data within natural science (and especially in Analytical Chemistry). Even with the strong parallelisms between all of the abovementioned terms and being popular with most of us, it is still difficult to clearly define or differentiate the meaning of Machine Learning, Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning and Chemometrics. This manuscript brings some light to the definitions of Machine Learning, Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analysis, defines their application ranges and seeks an application space within the field of analytical chemistry (a.k.a. Chemometrics). The manuscript is full of personal, sometimes probably subjective, opinions and statements. Therefore, all opinions here are open for constructive discussion with the only purpose of Learning (like the Machines do nowadays).
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Pollard, Carl Jesse, and Elizabeth Allyn Smith. "A unified analysis of the same, phrasal comparatives, and superlatives." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 22 (September 3, 2012): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v22i0.2655.
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We present a unified categorial analysis of several types of English comparative, superlative, and THE SAME/DIFFERENT (S/D) sentences, thereby accounting for parallels among these constructions first noted in Heim ms. Our analysis, couched in a linear-logic-based from of categorial grammar along the lines of Oehrle 1994, builds on the basic insights underlying Barker's (2007) `parasitic scope' analysis of internal readings of THE SAME, but is simpler and more general than Barker's. Ours is also the first unified analysis of all three kinds of phenomena. Our analysis of phrasal comparatives captures their essential similarity to associate-remnant S/D constructions such as ANNA READ THE SAME BOOK AS BILL.
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Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, Shu Yuan Ma, and Saifullah Samo. "New Method of Plane to Plane Parallelism Error Measurement Based on Flatness Plane." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2209.
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Measurement of parallelism error is one of important icon in the measurement of orientation tolerances. This paper presents new method of parallelism error measurement and is based on the flatness plane using minimum zone technique. Real coded genetic algorithm has been proposed to determine the flatness plane coefficients and flatness error. Flatness plane has been developed using plane coefficients and then parallelism error has been determined from the flatness plane. One example has been presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed parallelism error measurement method. The result of the proposed method has been compared to co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) built-in function for parallelism error measurement and the results are in good agreement. In addition to determination of parallelism error measurement, the proposed algorithms also calculate flatness error and can also be extended to measurement of other types of geometrical tolerances with slight modifications.
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Watson, EM. "Cytoevolutionary Studies in the Genus Bulbine Wolf (Liliaceae) .II. The Australian Annual Taxa (Bulbine semibarbata s.1.)." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 5 (1986): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860505.
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A cytological survey, using root tip mitotic cells and supplemented by some crosses and pollen fertility studies, was carried out on plants of 55 populations of the Australian annual Bulbine sernibarbata s.1. (Liliaceae). There are 4x, 8x and 12.x populations.The 4x forms are almost completely confined to eastern Australia and comprise populations of two kinds: (1) 28-chromosome types, corresponding in morphology to B. alata Baijnath, which to date has had limited taxonomic acceptance; (2) 26-chromosome types with the morphology of B. sernibarbata s. str. The alata form occurs in arid, the sernibarbata in more mesic, areas. The eastern 8x populations are mainly 2n = 54 and are intermediate between the other two taxa in both range and morphology. This suggests an allopolyploid origin based on hybridisation between the alata and sernibarbata types. The western 8x populations are nearly all 2n = 52, with much interpopulation variation in karyotype and a mesic distribution similar to that of the eastern 26-chromosome types. The karyotypic diversity parallels the species richness of other genera in southwestern Australia and indicates that the complex may be older than the corresponding polyploid complex within the perennial B. bulbosa s.1. The 12x (2n =78) populations are confined to arid and transitional rainfall areas of Western Australia. The identification of a distinctive 28-chromosome karyotype for the alata group gives support to the recognition of B. alata Baijnath, and, by providing a logical euploid bridge between the chromosome numbers of the African (2n = 14) and Australian species, strengthens the arguments for treating the two groups as congeneric.
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Bennett-Kastor, Tina L. "Cohesion and predication in child narrative." Journal of Child Language 13, no. 2 (June 1986): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008102.
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ABSTRACTThis study traces the development of predicate use for genre and cohesion in the narratives of children aged 2 to 5, examining predicate structures and types and their linkages via three types of parallelism and by means of explicit connectives. After age 2, bivalent (transitive) active verbs were dominant; semantically, verbs of the DO and then GO categories dominated until age 5, when BE verbs ranked second. The dominant type of parallelism was reiteration of grammatical structure alone; reiteration of both predicate structure and lexical content decreased with age. Concerning connectives, 2-year-olds used the smallest number – primarily ‘and’ – while 5-year-olds used the greatest variety. However, by age 5, children used parallelism as the second most common connective device after ‘and’.
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Мусабекова Н. Ч. "ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЯ ЯЗЫКА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ И ЕГО ОСВОЕНИЕ КИТАЙСКИМИ УЧАЩИМИСЯ." World Science 3, no. 1(53) (January 31, 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31012020/6909.
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The study was aimed to consider the features of the lexical and grammatical structure of the scientific style of the Russian language and learning difficulties for the Chinese students at the early academic study. Drawing parallels between grammar categories of Russian and Chinese Author clarifies all the reasons for the emergence of the students' difficulties, analyses their mistakes and offers different types of exercises, aimed at eliminating all the mistakes of students. Author dwells on the major grammar categories of the Russian language and explains how difficult it is for foreigners to accept them. She provides examples of grammar categories which are difficult to study, such as, Participle I, II; Adverbial Participle; Active/Passive Constructions and etc. Author pays attention to the issues of word formation, word order in the Russian sentences. She offers different kind of tasks which are intended for the development of communication skills of the Chinese.
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Prathapa, Siriyara Jagannatha, Swastik Mondal, and Sander van Smaalen. "Electron densities by the maximum entropy method (MEM) for various types of prior densities: a case study on three amino acids and a tripeptide." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 69, no. 2 (March 14, 2013): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052519213004879.
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Dynamic model densities according to Mondalet al.[(2012),Acta Cryst.A68, 568–581] are presented for independent atom models (IAM), IAMs after high-order refinements (IAM-HO), invariom (INV) models and multipole (MP) models of α-glycine, DL-serine, L-alanine and Ala–Tyr–Ala atT≃ 20 K. Each dynamic model density is used as prior in the calculation of electron density according to the maximum entropy method (MEM). We show that at the bond-critical points (BCPs) of covalent C—C and C—N bonds the IAM-HO and INV priors produce reliable MEM density maps, including reliable values for the density and its Laplacian. The agreement between these MEM density maps and dynamic MP density maps is less good for polar C—O bonds, which is explained by the large spread of values of topological descriptors of C—O bonds in static MP densities. The density and Laplacian at BCPs of hydrogen bonds have similar values in MEM density maps obtained with all four kinds of prior densities. This feature is related to the smaller spatial variation of the densities in these regions, as expressed by small magnitudes of the Laplacians and the densities. It is concluded that the use of the IAM-HO prior instead of the IAM prior leads to improved MEM density maps. This observation shows interesting parallels to MP refinements, where the use of the IAM-HO as an initial model is the accepted procedure for solving MP parameters. A deconvolution of thermal motion and static density that is better than the deconvolution of the IAM appears to be necessary in order to arrive at the best MP models as well as at the best MEM densities.
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Oo, Su Khine. "Symbolic Representation Highlighted through Parallelism in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens." JEE (Journal of English Education) 7, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30606/jee.v7i1.479.
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The art of writing can be seen when, according to Gauding (2009), "authors use symbols to evoke more than a simple, straightforward, literal meaning". In addition to symbols, the art of poetic writing – Parallelism – emphasizes sounds and ideas in the parallel elements through repetition, development or contrast. However, most research on parallelism was done in poetic or biblical writing. This paper points out symbolic representation highlighted through parallelism in the prose-style novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. It explores how symbols categorized by Pickering and Hoeper (1986) were illustrated through types of parallelism by Lowth (1753), Bullinger (1898), Bulkeley (2001), McCoy (2003), Parry (2007) and Kostenberger and Patterson (2011). The results showed that symbols were represented mainly through semantic parallelism which is used to compare people, things and events using literary devices, and clarification parallelism which conveys additional information about the content. It is hoped that this paper will be useful for teachers teaching Dickens' style found in A Tale of Two Cities with a focus on symbols and parallel structures.
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San Segundo, Pablo, Jorge Artieda, and Darren Strash. "Efficiently enumerating all maximal cliques with bit-parallelism." Computers & Operations Research 92 (April 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2017.12.006.
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Bryła, Władysława, and Agnieszka Bryła-Cruz. "Apologia krzyża w wybranych homiliach Jana Pawła II." Roczniki Humanistyczne 68, no. 1 Zeszyt specjalny (2020): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2068s-19.
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This paper presents an analysis of the various ways the Cross was defended in John Paul II’s homilies delievered in Poland on the following occasions: in Nowa Huta, in the Wawel Royal Cathedral and Zakopane. The speaker used arguments anchored in the Gospel and history. He emphasised the meaning of the Cross as a sign of God’s redemption, gift and love towards humans. The speaker evoked people from Polish history who remained faithful to the Cross and are remembered for their heroic attitude: Queen Jadwiga, brother Albert Chmielowski, Bernardyna Jabłońska and Maria Karłowska. In his homily given in Nowa Huta, the Pope signalled the idea of new evangelisation, which requires all believers to undertake persistent and courageous defence of the Cross, irrespective of time and place. The paper also discusses rhethorical aspects of the sermons, such as various types of speech deployed therein (lectures, meditations, appeals) and stylistic devices (e.g. similes, parallelisms, rhetorical questions).
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Rza qızı Abbasova, Gülənbər. "The role of metre in creating phonological parallelism in Azerbaijan and English." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 21, 2021): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/126-129.
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The article deals with the role of metre in forming linguopoetic features of parallelism in the Azerbaijan and English languages. Phonological parallelism plays a crucial role in forming of linguopoetic features of parallelism. Being the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse metre is one of the main ways of forming phonological parallelism in both languages. In the research of metre literary texts have been considered by linguistic scholars of both languages and in these texts the most common types of metres and their frequency of use have widely been investigated. In both languages approaches to the issue of metre are quite various and thereby we observe the possibilities of different linguopoetic features in poetic samples of stated languages. In the literary texts of both languages we witness that metre is one of the main requirements of determining prosodic- phonological structure of poems. Key words: phonological parallelism, metre, linguopoetic properties, poetry, language
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Hanke, Moritz, René Redler, Teresa Holfeld, and Maxim Yastremsky. "YAC 1.2.0: new aspects for coupling software in Earth system modelling." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 8 (August 22, 2016): 2755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2755-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A lightweight software library has been developed to realise the coupling of Earth system model components. The software provides parallelised two-dimensional neighbourhood search, interpolation, and communication for the coupling between any two model components. The software offers flexible coupling of physical fields defined on regular and irregular grids on the sphere without a priori assumptions about grid structure or grid element types. All supported grids can be combined with any of the supported interpolations. We describe the new aspects of our approach and provide an overview of the implemented functionality and of some algorithms we use. Preliminary performance measurements for a set of realistic use cases are presented to demonstrate the potential performance and scalability of our approach. YAC 1.2.0 is now used for the coupling of the model components in the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) general circulation model.
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Dong, Ming, and Xuesong Wu. "On continuous spectra of the Orr–Sommerfeld/Squire equations and entrainment of free-stream vortical disturbances." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 732 (September 12, 2013): 616–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.421.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSmall-amplitude perturbations are governed by the linearized Navier–Stokes equations, which are, for a parallel or nearly parallel shear flow, customarily reduced to the Orr–Sommerfeld (O-S) and Squire equations. In this paper, we consider continuous spectra (CS) of the O-S and Squire operators for the Blasius and asymptotic suction boundary layers, and address the issue of whether and when continuous modes can represent free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment into the shear layer. For the Blasius boundary layer, we highlight two particular properties of the CS: (i) the eigenfunction of a continuous mode simultaneously consists of two components with wall-normal wavenumbers $\pm {k}_{2} $, a phenomenon which we refer to as ‘entanglement of Fourier components’; and (ii) for low-frequency disturbances the presence of the boundary layer forces the streamwise velocity in the free stream to take a much larger amplitude than those of the transverse velocities. Both features appear to be non-physical, and cast some doubt about the appropriateness of using CS to characterize free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment into the boundary layer, a practice that has been adopted in some recent studies of bypass transition. A high-Reynolds-number asymptotic description of continuous modes and entrainment is present, and it shows that the entanglement is a result of neglecting non-parallelism, which has a leading-order effect on the entrainment. When this effect is included, entanglement disappears, and moreover the streamwise velocity is significantly amplified in the edge layer when ${R}^{- 1} \ll \omega \ll 1$, where $R$ is the Reynolds number based on the local boundary-layer thickness. For the asymptotic suction boundary layer, which is an exactly parallel flow, both temporal and spatial CS may be defined mathematically. However, at a finite $R$ neither of them represents the physical process of free-stream vortical disturbances penetrating into the boundary layer. The latter must instead be characterized by a peculiar type of continuous modes whose eigenfunctions increase exponentially with the distance from the wall. In the limit $R\gg 1$, all three types of CS are identical at leading order, and hence can be used to represent free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment. Low-frequency disturbances are found to generate a large-amplitude streamwise velocity in the boundary layer, which is reminiscent of longitudinal streaks.
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Fairweather, Janet. "Ovid's autobiographical poem, Tristia 4.10." Classical Quarterly 37, no. 1 (May 1987): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000983880003175x.
Full textAbstract:
Ovid's Tristia4.10 has in the past chiefly been considered as a source of biographical information rather than as a poem, but increasing interest in the poetry of Ovid's exile has now at last started to promote serious efforts to appreciate its literary qualities. The poem presents a formidable challenge to the critic: at first reading it seems a singularly pedestrian account of the poet's life and, although one may adduce plenty of parallels for details in its phrasing elsewhere in the poetry of Ovid and the other Augustans, it is clear that Ovid's thought-processes are not to be explained solely in terms of the main stream of Greco-Roman poetic tradition. Prose biography and autobiography, rhetorical apology and eulogy, subliterary epitaphs and inscriptional lists of achievements: all these types of writing could have influenced Ovid's selection of data.