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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Allergies'
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1
Amrar, Kader. "Allergies et allergènes d'origine végétale." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P022.
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Misner, Scottie, Carol Curtis, and Ralph Meer. "Food Allergies." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146452.
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Misner, Scottie, and Traci Armstrong Florian. "Food Allergies." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/252312.
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Kwaasi, Aaron Alfred Assah. "Characterisation of antigens and allergens of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341829.
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Laporte, Dominique. "Les allergies cosmétiques." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU32073.
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Syck, Megan Paige. "Sensitivity to Oral Food Allergies in Subjects with Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623167438325618.
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Smiley, Mary-Ellen. "Allergies and learning, the life and learning experiences of one child with multiple allergies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23770.pdf.
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Brown, C. W. "Household dust and respiratory allergy : a study of household dust exposure and respiratory allergy in UK households." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843797/.
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This thesis is designed to explore the hypothesis that settled dust in a domestic environment can contain significant levels of allergens and that common cleaning methods employed to remove dust can result in sufficient airborne exposure to potentially trigger an allergic reaction. Qualitative feedback from respondents in studies of furniture dusting habits indicated that household furniture dusting could elicit an allergic response. A consumer questionnaire was fielded to confirm the problem and it's magnitude. This indicated that it affected approximately 20% of allergy sufferers (or approximately 5% of the total UK population). Further work was performed to estimate the level of allergen exposure during dusting. Additional consumer research was fielded to ascertain the surface area being dusted, (approximately 54000cm2 for frequently dusted areas and 10000cm2 for frequently dusted areas). Domestic dusting habits were probed for the relative frequency of dusting method, which split evenly between dry dusting, wet dusting with water and wet dusting with a furniture polish. Surface sampling techniques were adapted to make in-home measurements of the rate of dust settling which was found to be approximately 3.19x10 -7 g.cm-2,day-1. In-home sampling was also undertaken to measure the mean allergen content of surface dust for major allergens, yielding 24667ng.g-1 combined dust mite, 47696ng.g-1 Fel d 1 and approximately 126 8 08ng.g-1 Can f 1. Laboratory-based studies determined the relative amount of dust rendered airborne during dusting of different furniture surface types and comparing different cleaning methods. This was found to be between 2.3- 43.0%. From these experiments, a model "average" home was constructed and used to estimate the exposure towards dust allergens during a typical dusting task. Exposure was estimated to be as much as 16500ng total dust mite, 124000 mug (31000 mU) cat allergen and 275000 ng (IU) dog allergen per dusting method. These results indicated that allergen exposure, under certain circumstances, could exceed the threshold levels that have been proposed for the onset of sensitisation.
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Riley, Katie. "Preschooler's Understanding of Food Allergies." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1384695580.
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Peyret, Vincent. "Problèmes posés par l'augmentation des allergies en Occident : arguments épidémiologiques et analyse critique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P094.
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Bogeva, Snezhana. "Designing for children with food allergies." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44312.
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Around 2.5% of the world population are affected by allergies. Children and their families are part of that affected group. However, there seems to be lack of research and tools that would help and provide valuable designs for these families. This thesis explored if and how interaction design might contribute to make the everyday life easier for families with allergic children. A design process was conducted based upon both theoretical and qualitative research. With the help of methods from interaction design, this thesis has analyzed and brainstormed possible concepts. The final result is a wearable called All-gen that helps children to scan and get feedback if their food is safe or not.
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Brunet, Marie-Laure Amador del Valle Gilles. "Thérapeutiques odontologiques et allergies (hors prescription)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/CDbrunet.pdf.
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Le, Thi Xuan Phuong. "Allergies respiratoires aux substances chimiques et médicamenteuses." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P181.
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Bonnin, Christine. "Traitement homéopathique des allergies des voies respiratoires." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P079.
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ENGELMANN, MAURICE. "Allergies alimentaires a l'exclusion des allergies et intolerances aux additifs : a propos de 25 cas : revue de la litterature." Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM001.
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Grant, Elzaan. "Validity and accuracy of self-reported drug allergies." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3295.
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Purpose: Pharmacists must ensure the safe and effective use of medication, but often have only the documented patient history to guide assessment of therapy. There is a lack of information on the incidence of claimed drug allergies or the validity of these self-reported drug allergies in the South African population. Mislabelling of patients as being allergic to medication often deprives them of important therapeutic drugs and alternative agents may be more dangerous, less effective and more costly (Hung et al., 1994). The aim of the research was therefore to determine the incidence of drug allergies in patients admitted to a private hospital and to assess the validity of these self-reported drug allergies. Methods: A descriptive, non-experimental study design was used. Data was collected using a concurrent, cross-sectional approach and collected from patients admitted to hospital using Medical Chart Reviews and researcher-led, questionnaire based interviews. During the seven month sampling period, 693 patients were identified with one or more self-reported drug allergies. A subset of 99 patients (14.2%) consented to a researcher-led interview. The allergies were assigned to one of three groups based on the history: (i) High probability: signs and symptoms typical of an immunological reaction. (ii) Low probability: signs and symptoms of the reaction were predictable reactions or side effects of the drug. (iii) Unknown status: no information concerning the reaction history was available. Results: A total of 953 allergies were identified in the 693 patients, with a ratio of drug allergy to patient of 1.4:1. The majority of claimed allergies were to penicillin (39.2%), opioid analgesics (17.6%), other antimicrobials, including co-trimoxazole (13.5%), NSAIDs (9.9%) and unspecified “sulphur” allergy (8.7%). Descriptions of the “allergic” reactions were only recorded on 8.9% (62, n=693) of the reviewed charts. Only 56.5% (35, n=62) of the symptoms recorded as “allergy” were indicative of the event being allergic or immunological in nature. In total, 1.3% (9, n=693) of the patients with a self-reported allergy received the allergen while in hospital. In three cases this was the result of a pharmacist overlooking the recorded allergy, and dispensing the allergen to the patient. A total of 118 allergies were identified in the 99 interviewed patients, with a ratio of drug allergy to patient of 1.2:1. Inaccurate allergy history was found in 9.1% (9, n=99) of the interviewed patients. Overall, the majority of self-reported drug allergies (67.8%) had a “high probability” of being a true drug allergy. Allergies that were assigned into the high probability group were: penicillin (74.1%), co-trimoxazole (91.7%), NSAID‟s (55.6%) and 75.0% of opioids. Conclusion: In summary, the validity of self-reported drug allergies need to be determined before excluding medication from a patient‟s treatment options. Detailed descriptions can assist in the evaluation of self-reported allergies which would be advantageous to both prescribers and patients. Pharmacists need to play a bigger role in ensuring accurate documentation of drug allergy history, with detailed descriptions, in order to ensure safe and effective drug use within the hospital environment.
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GUENIN, ANNIE. "Les allergies a l'oeuf : generalites et aspects pratiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20056.
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Lai, Catherine Li. "Regulatory Immune Mechanisms in IgE-Mediated Food Allergies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27352.
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Background
Egg allergy is an IgE-mediated food allergy affecting 10% of Australian infants. Two Australian early egg introduction trials were conducted – Beating Egg Allergy Trial (BEAT) and Start Time of Egg Protein to Prevent Egg Allergy (STEP). Both studies showed significant induction of egg-specific IgG4 that was associated with early egg consumption. IgG4 is associated with tolerance induction. However, the mechanisms of tolerance acquisition are still poorly understood but may involve regulatory T and B cells.
Aims
To examine the antigen‑specific and non‑specific immune cell subsets in at‑risk infants from primary prevention trials for egg allergy. The capacity of naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into T helper subsets in food allergic children was evaluated.
Methods
Cells from BEAT and STEP cohorts were used to examine ovalbumin-specific Tregs, Bregs, Th1 and Th2 cells as well as general phenotyping on T helper subsets, regulatory B cells and innate lymphoid cells. Egg-specific sIgE and sIgG4 was also used to assess correlations with cellular data. From another cohort of food allergic children with age-matched controls, cells were examined for activated CD14+ monocyte cytokines and the differentiation potential of naïve CD4+ T cells.
Results
Early egg introduction and clinical tolerance to egg were associated with the expansion of ovalbumin‑specific Treg and Bregs in infants at risk of developing allergies. The impairment in Th1 and Treg differentiation in food allergic children parallels early dysregulation of T helper development in food allergic infants. Additionally, pro‑inflammatory tendencies of monocytes are persistent in food allergic children.
Conclusion
The expansion of regulatory immune cells may contribute towards tolerance acquisition to food allergens during infancy. The intrinsic alterations of naïve CD4+ T cell and antigen presenting cell traits may underlie the propensity for Th2 development and impaired Treg induction in food allergic children.
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Kurukulaaratchy, Ramesh Jagath. "The natural history of asthma and atopic disease in childhood and the risk factors contributing to their development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288450.
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Loth, Kevin William. "The effect of air pollution on hayfever in the UK." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284005.
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Evans, David John. "Inflammatory mechanisms in late asthmatic responses to allergen challenge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267694.
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Dasmahapatra, Jayanti. "Studies on the T cell receptor BV repertoire in relation to Asthma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241947.
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Campbell, Emma Michelle. "The role of RANTES in guinea pig inflammatory responses." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362252.
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Ben-Shoshan, Moshe. "Severe food allergies in Canada and potential demographic predictors." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104750.
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Recent studies suggest an increased prevalence of food-induced allergy; peanut, tree nut, seafood and sesame cause most of the severe clinical manifestations of food allergy, i.e. anaphylaxis and death. However, estimates of severe food allergies vary considerably between studies and no population-based studies assessing the prevalence and potential demographic predictors of these allergies had been conducted in Canada. We aimed to determine the prevalence of peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish, and sesame allergy in Canada and identify potential demographic predictors of these allergies. Using comparable methodology to Sicherer et al in the US (JACI 2003;112:1203 & JACI 2004;114:159), we performed a cross-Canada, random telephone survey. Food allergy was defined as either perceived (based on self-report), probable (based on convincing history or self-report of physician diagnosis), or confirmed (based on history and evidence of confirmatory tests). Data on demographic characteristics of participating households were collected and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess potential determinants of probable allergies. Of 10,596 households surveyed in 2008 –2009, 3666 responded (34.6% participation rate), of which 3613 completed the entire interview, representing 9667 individuals. The prevalence of perceived peanut allergy was 1.00% (95% CI, 0.81%, 1.22%); tree nut, 1.22% (95% CI, 1.01%, 1.46%); fish, 0.51% (95% CI, 0.38%, 0.67%); shellfish, 1.60% (95% CI, 1.36%, 1.87%); and sesame, 0.10% (95% CI, 0.05%, 0.19%). The prevalence of probable allergy was 0.93% (95% CI, 0.75%, 1.14%); 1.14% (95% CI, 0.94%, 1.37%); 0.48% (95% CI, 0.35%, 0.63%); 1.42% (95% CI, 1.19%, 1.67%); and 0.09% (95% CI, 0.04%, 0.18%), respectively. Peanut, tree nut and sesame allergy were more common in children [odds ratio (OR) 2.24 (95% CI, 1.40, 3.59), 1.73 (95% CI, 1.11, 2.68) and 5.63 (95% CI, 1.39, 22.87), respectively] while fish and shellfish allergy were less common in children [OR 0.17 (95% CI, 0.04, 0.72) and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.14, 0.61)]. Tree nut and shellfish allergy were less common in males [OR 0.55 (95% CI, 0.36, 0.83) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.43, 0.91)]. Shellfish allergy was more common in urban settings [OR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.04, 2.31)]. There was a trend for most food allergies to be more prevalent in the more educated [tree nut OR 1.90 (95% CI, 1.18, 3.04)] and less prevalent in immigrants [shellfish OR 0.49 (95% CI, 0.26, 0.95)], but wide CIs preclude definitive conclusions for most foods. Our results indicate disparities between perceived and confirmed food allergy and that age and sex, place of residence, socioeconomic status and birth-place may influence the development of food allergy.<br>Les résultats d'études récentes suggèrent une prévalence accrue d'allergies d'origine alimentaire notamment aux arachides, aux noix provenant d'arbres, aux fruits de mer et au sésame, ces dernières causant les manifestations cliniques les plus graves, c.-à-d. l'anaphylaxie et la mort. Cependant, les estimations d'allergies alimentaires graves varient énormément d'une étude à l'autre. Par ailleurs, aucune étude de cohorte visant à évaluer la prévalence des facteurs prédictifs démographiques en cause dans ces allergies n'a été menée au Canada. Notre objectif est d'établir la prévalence des allergies aux arachides, aux noix provenant d'arbres, au poisson, aux mollusques et crustacés et au sésame au Canada et d'identifier les facteurs prédictifs démographiques qui y sont associés. À l'aide d'une méthodologie similaire à celle de Sicherer et coll. aux É.-U. (JACI 2003;112:1203 et JACI 2004;114:159), nous avons mené une enquête téléphonique aléatoire à travers le Canada. L'allergie alimentaire a été définie comme étant perçue (basée sur l'auto déclaration), possible (basée sur des antécédents convaincants ou l'auto déclaration du diagnostic du médecin) ou confirmée (basée sur les antécédents et sur la présence de tests de confirmation). Nous avons collecté auprès des ménages participants, des données sur les caractéristiques démographiques et des modèles de régression logistique multiple ont été utilisés pour évaluer les facteurs de risque potentiels associés aux allergies. Des 10 596 ménages sollicités en 2008 et 2009, 3666 ont répondu (taux de participation de 34,6 %). De ce nombre, 3613 ont complété l'entrevue, ce qui représente 9667 personnes. La prévalence de l'allergie aux arachides perçue était de 1,00 % (IC 95 %, 0,81 %, 1,22 %); celle de l'allergie aux noix provenant d'arbres de 1,22 % (IC 95 %, 1,01 %, 1,46 %); celle de l'allergie au poisson 0,51 % (IC 95 %, 0,38 %, 0,67 %); celle de l'allergie aux mollusques et crustacés de 1,60 % (IC 95 %, 1,36 %, 1,87 %); et celle de l'allergie au sésame de 0,10 % (IC 95 %, 0,05 %, 0,19 %). La prévalence d'une allergie possible était de 0,93 % (IC 95 %, 0,75 %, 1,14 %); 1,14 % (IC 95 %, 0,94 %, 1,37 %); 0,48 % (IC 95 %, 0,35 %, 0,63 %); 1,42 % (IC 95 %, 1,19 %, 1,67 %); et 0,09 % (IC 95 %, 0,04 %, 0,18 %) respectivement. Les allergies aux arachides, aux noix provenant d'arbres et au sésame étaient plus répandues chez les enfants [rapports de cote (RC) 2,24 (IC 95 %, 1,40, 3,59), 1,73 (IC 95 %, 1,11, 2,68) et 5,63 (IC 95 %, 1,39, 22,87) respectivement] alors que les allergies au poisson et aux mollusques et crustacés étaient moins courantes chez les enfants [RC 0,17 (IC 95 %, 0,04, 0,72) et 0,29 (IC 95 %, 0,14, 0,61)]. Les allergies aux noix provenant d'arbres et aux mollusques et crustacés étaient moins répandues chez les hommes [RC 0,55 (IC 95 %, 0,36, 0,83) et 0,63 (IC 95 %, 0,43, 0,91)]. L'allergie aux mollusques et crustacés était plus courante en milieu urbain [RC 1,55 (IC 95 %, 1,04, 2,31)]. On a observé une tendance voulant que pour la plupart des allergies alimentaires, la prévalence soit plus importante auprès des populations bénéficiant d'un niveau de scolarité plus élevé [noix provenant d'arbres RC 1,90 (IC 95 %, 1,18, 3,04)] et moins importante chez les immigrants [mollusques et crustacés RC 0,49 (IC 95 %, 0,26, 0,95)]. Par contre, pour la plupart des aliments, la présence de larges IC ne permet pas de tirer des conclusions définitives. Nos résultats indiquent une disparité entre l'allergie alimentaire perçue et confirmée ainsi que le fait que l'âge et le sexe, le lieu de résidence, le statut socioéconomique et le lieu de naissance pourraient être en cause dans le développement d'une allergie alimentaire.
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Lichaba, Mamosilo. "Upper respiratory tract symptoms and allergies in Ironman triathletes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2758.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-77).<br>Triathletes, in particular Ironman triathletes, undergo intense training and compete in a very physically demanding race. Medical conditions in the pre-race period in these triathletes have not been well documented, but there is evidence form other endurance sports that symptoms of respiratory tract infection are particularly common. However, the prevalence, causes and consequences of these symptoms have not been studied in Ironman triathletes. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the incidence of respiratory tract symptoms (RTS) in triathletes preparing for an Ironman Triathlon, 2) to establish the factors associated with the development of these RTS, and 3) to determine the effects of the RTS on pre-race training and race performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 304 triathletes entering the 2006 Ironman triathlon in South Africa were recruited as subjects. All the subjects completed a validated questionnaire in the 1-3 days before the race (during registration). The questionnaire contained sections on demographics, training and previous competitions, common general medical conditions that they may have experienced, and a detailed section pertaining to RTS and allergies, including use of medication. Data on race performance was collected after completion of the race. Subjects were divided into the following groups, based on their self-reported history of RTS in the 6 weeks period prior to the race: no RTS, all RTS, only upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS), lower respiratory tract and/or systemic symptoms (LRT +SS).
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Luke, Anna K. "Examining differences in parent knowledge about pediatric food allergies." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1555324911098815.
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West, Meghan V. "The Sensitivity to Food Allergies in Individuals with Asthma." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592168710140387.
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MacDonald, Peta G. "Configurations of allergies, depression, and shyness in an adult population." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21243.pdf.
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Huter, Valérie. "Les allergies professionnelles aux gants en latex et en caoutchouc." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11055.
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Hubert, Claire. "Les allergies : traitement par les eaux thermales, Cambo-les-Bains." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P082.
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HEINIS, PIERRE. "Approches physiopathogeniques et therapeutiques des allergies alimentaires du jeune enfant." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15117.
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Saeed, M. A. "Allergic cross-sensitization to some oleo-gum-resins in colophony sensitized animals." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379209.
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Rajakulasingam, Karalasingam. "The effects, mechanism and actions of kinins in rhinitis and asthma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243150.
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Musu, Tony. "Etudes structurales et immunochimiques de cystéine protéinases impliquées dans des allergies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212139.
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Raherison-Semjen, Chantal. "Relations entre tabagisme actif et passif et allergies en population générale." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20991.
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L'asthme est la plus fréquente des maladies chroniques de l'enfant. Elle atteint environ 10 % des enfants, 15 % des adolescents et 5 % des adultes, en France. Le tabagisme actif atteint entre 25 et 30 % des adultes jeunes, et fait partie des polluants intérieurs les plus importants. Pour étudier la relation entre les maladies allergiques et le tabagisme, nous avons analysé les données issues d'études épidémiologiques transversales conduites en population générale. Dans le cadre de l'enquête ISAAC-I, chez 14578 adolescents, le tabagisme actif à raison de plus d'une cigarette par jour, était associé à plus de sifflements durant les 12 derniers mois (12. 4 % ), à l'asthme actuel (5. 6 % ) (OR = 1. 9 [1. 6-2. 2]), et à l'asthme au cours de la vie (12. 3 % ) (OR = 1. 4 [1. 2-1. 7]) après ajustement sur l'âge, le sexe, le centre géographique, les antécédents familiaux d'allergies et le tabagisme passif. L'analyse d'un sous-groupe d'adolescents montrait que le tabagisme actif était associé aux absences scolaires (OR = 3. 96 [Ic95 % = 1. 9-8]). Dans l'ECRHS-I, le tabagisme actif était associé aux sifflements durant les 12 derniers mois (OR = 3. 7 [1. 7-8. 4]) mais pas à l'asthme (17. 6 %, OR = 0. 78[0. 48-1. 26]). Parmi les 7798 enfants de l'enquête ISAAC-II, 21,6 % des enfants ont été exposés au tabagisme passif maternel in utéro, 29. 75 % au cours de la première année de vie, et 34. 1 % au moment de l'enquête. Le tabagisme maternel in utéro (OR = 1. 24[1. 07-1. 45]), maternel et paternel (OR = 1. 35[1. 09-1. 66]) était associé à la survenue de sifflements au cours de la vie. Le tabagisme passif paternel actuel au moment de l'enquête était associé à la survenue d'un asthme à l'exercice. Aucune association n'était retrouvée entre atopie de l'enfant et exposition au tagisme passif. Ces résultats suggèrent que le tabagisme actif et passif représente un facteur de risque potentiel dans l'asthme. La difficulté liée à la prise en charge de l'asthme, maladie chronique, et l'importance de la prévalence du tabagisme doivent conduire à renforcer la prévention concernant le tabagisme dans la population générale.
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PAPASSEUDI, GERARD. "Allergies aux sulfonylurees antidiabetiques : cas cliniques et revue de la litterature." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE6541.
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Lombardi, Vincent. "Criblage et caractérisation d'adjuvents pour les vaccins sublinguaux contre les allergies." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066332.
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Pyrhönen, K. (Kaisa). "Food allergies and hypersensitivities among children in South Karelia:occurrence, inheritance and seasonality." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514293955.
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Abstract The aim of the South Karelian Allergy Research Project (SKARP) was to quantify the occurrence of children’s food allergy and food-associated hypersensitivity symptoms and their associated factors. The study population comprised all children born between April 2001 and March 2006 and living in the province of South Karelia, in the south-eastern part of Finland. The questionnaire survey was conducted in co-operation with the child health clinics in the area in 2005–2006. Concurrently with but independently of the questionnaire study, the results of allergy tests regarding the same child population were collected from patient records. The participation rates in the questionnaire study were 54% (644/1194) among the newborn infants and 69% (3308/4779) among the children aged 1 to 4 years. The lifetime prevalence of parent-reported food allergies was 9% and that of parent-perceived food-associated hypersensitivity symptoms 21% by the age of 4 years. In addition, another 19% of children adhered to an elimination diet without previous symptoms associated with any food items. The prevalence of children with such diets decreased by age. Up to the age of 4 years, 19% of the participants had undergone a food allergy test and 8% of the participants had obtained a positive result in these tests. Physician-diagnosed food allergies and food allergies based on the tests were more common for milk, egg and cereals than for other food items. The tested children and those with a positive test result were only slightly overrepresented among the participants. Allergic manifestations in either biological parent doubled and in both biological parents tripled the incidence of a positive food allergy test. The spring season coinciding with the end of the first trimester of pregnancy predicted sensitisation to food items in the children. In early childhood, food allergies and food hypersensitivities were found to be common in a child population. New population-based knowledge regarding the inheritance of these conditions was obtained. Additionally, an association was observed between the timing of the 11th gestational week in spring and the sensitisation to food items, the detailed reasons and immunological mechanisms of which must be confirmed in further studies<br>Tiivistelmä Etelä-Karjalan allergiatutkimus (EKAT) käynnistettiin selvittämään lasten ruoka-allergioiden ja ruokayliherkkyysoireiden esiintyvyyttä ja niihin liittyviä tekijöitä. Tutkimusväestöön kuuluivat kaikki ne Etelä-Karjalan maakunnan alueella asuvat lapset, jotka olivat syntyneet huhtikuun 2001 ja maaliskuun 2006 välisenä aikana. Kyselyaineisto kerättiin yhteistyössä alueen neuvoloiden kanssa vuosina 2005–2006. Kyselytutkimuksen kanssa samanaikaisesti mutta siitä riippumattomasti kerättiin samaa lapsiväestöä koskevat allergiatestitulokset alueen potilasrekistereistä. Kyselytutkimuksen osallistumisaste oli vastasyntyneiden ikäluokassa 54 % (644/1194) ja isommilla lapsilla 69 % (3308/4779). Kolmannen ikävuoden loppuun mennessä vanhemmat ilmoittivat 9 %:lla lapsista todetun ruoka-allergiaa ja lisäksi 21 %:lla ruokayliherkkyys perustui ainoastaan vanhempien havaintoihin. Näiden lisäksi 19 % lapsista vältti yhtä tai useampaa ruoka-ainetta ilman, että minkään ruoka-aineen olisi todettu aiheuttaneen oireita. Dieettien noudattajien osuus väheni selvästi tarkasteltaessa ikäluokkia yksivuotiaista neljävuotiaisiin. Kolmannen ikävuoden loppuun mennessä ruoka-allergiatestattuja oli 19 % ja positiivisen testituloksen saaneita 8 % tutkimukseen osallistuneista. Lääkärin toteamat ja testeihin perustuneet ruoka-allergiat olivat tavallisempia maidolle, kananmunalle ja viljoille kuin muille ruoka-aineille. Allergiatestatuilla ja positiivisen testituloksen saaneilla oli vain lievä yliedustus kyselytutkimukseen osallistujien joukossa verrattuna kyselyyn vastaamattomiin. Allergiset sairaudet toisella biologisella vanhemmalla kaksinkertaistivat ja molemmilla vanhemmilla kolminkertaistivat positiivisen ruoka-allergiatestin ilmaantuvuuden. Raskauden ensimmäisen kolmanneksen lopun ajoittuminen kevääseen ennakoi syntyvän lapsen herkistymistä ruoka-aineille. Varhaislapsuuden ruoka-allergioiden ja -yliherkkyyksien todettiin olevan tavallisia väestössä. Näiden sairauksien periytyvyydestä saatiin uutta väestötietoa. Lisäksi havaittiin yhteys 11. raskausviikon ajoittumisen kevääseen ja ruoka-aineille herkistymisen välillä. Yhteyden yksityiskohtaiset syytekijät ja immunologiset mekanismit täytyy ehdottomasti vahvistaa jatkotutkimuksin
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Bodnar, Sallyjane E. "Family therapy and creative visualisation : an adjunctive treatment for allergies in children." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29188.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to explore the use of Creative Visualization in the context of Family Therapy for treatment of a family of a child with allergies. Based on a single-case research design, the study included pre- and posttest measures; baseline, continuous, and follow-up self-report of symptoms; plus examination of physician's clinical records to determine the efficacy of the intervention. A further purpose of the study was to explore the possible usefulness of a test being developed on the basis of the Psychosomatic Family Model, the Leuven Family Assessment, as an outcome measure.
The subject family was an intact family with one adolescent daughter whose most important allergic symptom was poorly controlled asthma, at least partially due to noncompliance
with medical advice.
The measures included the Leuven Family Assessment, a measure based on the Psychosomatic Family Model, which has been developed for use with families of children with eating disorders; the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES III), a measure based on the Circumplex Family Model, which is a well-accepted measure of family functioning; symptom self-report; and consultation with the child's physician to report hospital admissions and emergency room visits.
The baseline period was two weeks, the intervention consisted of two weeks of Relaxation Training and eight weekly meetings for combined Family Therapy and Creative Visualization, and the follow-up consisted of telephone contact with the symptomatic adolescent beginning fourteen weeks after the last family therapy session and continuing for eight weeks.
Post-therapy results show a trend toward expected changes in family structure and functioning and marked improvement in the asthmatic symptoms of the adolescent.
Creative Visualization is an intervention tool well worth further exploration in the context of family therapy; and the Leuven Family Assessment merits further investigation and development as an outcome measure.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
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McGinley, Susan. "Alternaria, Allergies, and Asthma: Exploring a Local Fungus that can Trigger Attacks." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622174.
Full text
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Richter, Robert, Uwe E. Berger, Stefan Dullinger, et al. "Diffusion of ragweed under climate change: cost benefit-analysis for reducing allergies." Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 65, S. 1-2, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13642.
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Iorio, Rosa Anna <1980>. "Influence of climate changes on cross allergies: possible involvement of pollen transglutaminase." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1732/1/IORIO_ROSA_TESI.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Allergies are a complex of symptoms derived from altered IgE-mediated reactions of the immune system towards substances known as allergens. Allergic sensibilization can be of food or respiratory origin and, in particular, apple and hazelnut allergens have been identified in pollens or fruits. Allergic cross-reactivity can occur in a patient reacting to similar allergens from different origins, justifying the research in both systems as in Europe a greater number of people suffers from apple fruit allergy, but little evidence exists about pollen. Apple fruit allergies are due to four different classes of allergens (Mal d 1, 2, 3, 4), whose allergenicity is related both to genotype and tissue specificity; therefore I have investigated their presence also in pollen at different time of germination to clarify the apple pollen allergenic potential.
I have observed that the same four classes of allergens found in fruit are expressed at different levels also in pollen, and their presence might support that the apple pollen can be considered allergenic as the fruit, deducing that apple allergy could also be indirectly caused by sensitization to pollen.
Climate changes resulting from increases in temperature and air pollution influence pollen allergenicity, responsible for the dramatic raise in respiratory allergies (hay fever, bronchial asthma, conjunctivitis). Although the link between climate change and pollen allergenicity is proven, the underlying mechanism is little understood.
Transglutaminases (TGases), a class of enzymes able to post-translationally modify proteins, are activated under stress and involved in some inflammatory responses, enhancing the activity of pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2, suggesting a role in allergies. Recently, a calcium-dependent TGase activity has been identified in the pollen cell wall, raising the possibility that pollen TGase may have a role in the modification of pollen allergens reported above, thus stabilizing them against proteases. This enzyme can be involved also in the transamidation of proteins present in the human mucosa interacting with surface pollen or, finally, the enzyme itself can represent an allergen, as suggested by studies on celiac desease. I have hypothesized that this pollen enzyme can be affected by climate changes and be involved in exhacerbating allergy response. The data presented in this thesis represent a scientific basis for future development of studies devoted to verify the hypothesis set out here.
First, I have demonstrated the presence of an extracellular TGase on the surface of the grain observed either at the apical or the proximal parts of the pollen-tube by laser confocal microscopy (Iorio et al., 2008), that plays an essential role in apple pollen-tube growth, as suggested by the arrest of tube elongation by TGase inhibitors, such as EGTA or R281. Its involvement in pollen tube growth is mainly confirmed by the data of activity and gene expression, because TGase showed a peak between 15 min and 30 min of germination, when this process is well established, and an optimal pH around 6.5, which is close to that recorded for the germination medium. Moreover, data show that pollen TGase can be a glycoprotein as the glycosylation profile is linked both with the activation of the enzyme and with its localization at the pollen cell wall during germination, because from the data presented seems that the active form of TGase involved in pollen tube growth and pollen-stylar interaction is more exposed and more weakly bound to the cell wall.
Interestingly, TGase interacts with fibronectin (FN), a putative SAMs or psECM component, inducing possibly intracellular signal transduction during the interaction between pollen-stylar occuring in the germination process, since a protein immunorecognised by anti-FN antibody is also present in pollen, in particular at the level of pollen grain cell wall in a punctuate pattern, but also along the shank of the pollen tube wall, in a similar pattern that recalls the signal obtained with the antibody anti TGase. FN represents a good substrate for the enzyme activity, better than DMC usually used as standard substrate for animal TGase. Thus, this pollen enzyme, necessary for its germination, is exposed on the pollen surface and consequently can easily interact with mucosal proteins, as it has been found germinated pollen in studies conducted on human mucus (Forlani, personal communication).
I have obtained data that TGase activity increases in a very remarkable way when pollen is exposed to stressful conditions, such as climate changes and environmental pollution. I have used two different species of pollen, an aero allergenic (hazelnut, Corylus avellana) pollen, whose allergenicity is well documented, and an enthomophylus (apple, Malus domestica) pollen, which is not yet well characterized, to compare data on their mechanism of action in response to stressors. The two pollens have been exposed to climate changes (different temperatures, relative humidity (rH), acid rain at pH 5.6 and copper pollution (3.10 µg/l)) and showed an increase in pollen surface TGase activity that is not accompanied to an induced expression of TGase immunoreactive protein with AtPNG1p. Probably, climate change induce an alteration or damage to pollen cell wall that carries the pollen grains to release their content in the medium including TGase enzyme, that can be free to carry out its function as confirmed by the immunolocalisation and by the in situ TGase activity assay data; morphological examination indicated pollen damage, viability significantly reduced and in acid rain conditions an early germination of apple pollen, thus possibly enhancing the TGase exposure on pollen surface.
Several pollen proteins were post-translationally modified, as well as mammalian sPLA2 especially with Corylus pollen, which results in its activation, potentially altering pollen allergenicity and inflammation. Pollen TGase activity mimicked the behaviour of gpl TGase and AtPNG1p in the stimulation of sPLA2, even if the regulatory mechanism seems different to gpl TGase, because pollen TGase favours an intermolecular cross-linking between various molecules of sPLA2, giving rise to high-molecular protein networks normally more stable. In general, pollens exhibited a significant endogenous phospholipase activity and it has been observed differences according to the allergenic (Corylus) or not-well characterized allergenic (Malus) attitude of the pollen. However, even if with a different intensity level in activation, pollen enzyme share the ability to activate the sPLA2, thus suggesting an important regulatory role for the activation of a key enzyme of the inflammatory response, among which my interest was addressed to pollen allergy.
In conclusion, from all the data presented, mainly presence of allergens, presence of an extracellular TGase, increasing in its activity following exposure to environmental pollution and PLA2 activation, I can conclude that also Malus pollen can behave as potentially allergenic. The mechanisms described here that could affect the allergenicity of pollen, maybe could be the same occurring in fruit, paving the way for future studies in the identification of hyper- and hypo- allergenic cultivars, in preventing environmental stressor effects and, possibly, in the production of transgenic plants.
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Iorio, Rosa Anna <1980>. "Influence of climate changes on cross allergies: possible involvement of pollen transglutaminase." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1732/.
Full textAbstract:
Allergies are a complex of symptoms derived from altered IgE-mediated reactions of the immune system towards substances known as allergens. Allergic sensibilization can be of food or respiratory origin and, in particular, apple and hazelnut allergens have been identified in pollens or fruits. Allergic cross-reactivity can occur in a patient reacting to similar allergens from different origins, justifying the research in both systems as in Europe a greater number of people suffers from apple fruit allergy, but little evidence exists about pollen. Apple fruit allergies are due to four different classes of allergens (Mal d 1, 2, 3, 4), whose allergenicity is related both to genotype and tissue specificity; therefore I have investigated their presence also in pollen at different time of germination to clarify the apple pollen allergenic potential.
I have observed that the same four classes of allergens found in fruit are expressed at different levels also in pollen, and their presence might support that the apple pollen can be considered allergenic as the fruit, deducing that apple allergy could also be indirectly caused by sensitization to pollen.
Climate changes resulting from increases in temperature and air pollution influence pollen allergenicity, responsible for the dramatic raise in respiratory allergies (hay fever, bronchial asthma, conjunctivitis). Although the link between climate change and pollen allergenicity is proven, the underlying mechanism is little understood.
Transglutaminases (TGases), a class of enzymes able to post-translationally modify proteins, are activated under stress and involved in some inflammatory responses, enhancing the activity of pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2, suggesting a role in allergies. Recently, a calcium-dependent TGase activity has been identified in the pollen cell wall, raising the possibility that pollen TGase may have a role in the modification of pollen allergens reported above, thus stabilizing them against proteases. This enzyme can be involved also in the transamidation of proteins present in the human mucosa interacting with surface pollen or, finally, the enzyme itself can represent an allergen, as suggested by studies on celiac desease. I have hypothesized that this pollen enzyme can be affected by climate changes and be involved in exhacerbating allergy response. The data presented in this thesis represent a scientific basis for future development of studies devoted to verify the hypothesis set out here.
First, I have demonstrated the presence of an extracellular TGase on the surface of the grain observed either at the apical or the proximal parts of the pollen-tube by laser confocal microscopy (Iorio et al., 2008), that plays an essential role in apple pollen-tube growth, as suggested by the arrest of tube elongation by TGase inhibitors, such as EGTA or R281. Its involvement in pollen tube growth is mainly confirmed by the data of activity and gene expression, because TGase showed a peak between 15 min and 30 min of germination, when this process is well established, and an optimal pH around 6.5, which is close to that recorded for the germination medium. Moreover, data show that pollen TGase can be a glycoprotein as the glycosylation profile is linked both with the activation of the enzyme and with its localization at the pollen cell wall during germination, because from the data presented seems that the active form of TGase involved in pollen tube growth and pollen-stylar interaction is more exposed and more weakly bound to the cell wall.
Interestingly, TGase interacts with fibronectin (FN), a putative SAMs or psECM component, inducing possibly intracellular signal transduction during the interaction between pollen-stylar occuring in the germination process, since a protein immunorecognised by anti-FN antibody is also present in pollen, in particular at the level of pollen grain cell wall in a punctuate pattern, but also along the shank of the pollen tube wall, in a similar pattern that recalls the signal obtained with the antibody anti TGase. FN represents a good substrate for the enzyme activity, better than DMC usually used as standard substrate for animal TGase. Thus, this pollen enzyme, necessary for its germination, is exposed on the pollen surface and consequently can easily interact with mucosal proteins, as it has been found germinated pollen in studies conducted on human mucus (Forlani, personal communication).
I have obtained data that TGase activity increases in a very remarkable way when pollen is exposed to stressful conditions, such as climate changes and environmental pollution. I have used two different species of pollen, an aero allergenic (hazelnut, Corylus avellana) pollen, whose allergenicity is well documented, and an enthomophylus (apple, Malus domestica) pollen, which is not yet well characterized, to compare data on their mechanism of action in response to stressors. The two pollens have been exposed to climate changes (different temperatures, relative humidity (rH), acid rain at pH 5.6 and copper pollution (3.10 µg/l)) and showed an increase in pollen surface TGase activity that is not accompanied to an induced expression of TGase immunoreactive protein with AtPNG1p. Probably, climate change induce an alteration or damage to pollen cell wall that carries the pollen grains to release their content in the medium including TGase enzyme, that can be free to carry out its function as confirmed by the immunolocalisation and by the in situ TGase activity assay data; morphological examination indicated pollen damage, viability significantly reduced and in acid rain conditions an early germination of apple pollen, thus possibly enhancing the TGase exposure on pollen surface.
Several pollen proteins were post-translationally modified, as well as mammalian sPLA2 especially with Corylus pollen, which results in its activation, potentially altering pollen allergenicity and inflammation. Pollen TGase activity mimicked the behaviour of gpl TGase and AtPNG1p in the stimulation of sPLA2, even if the regulatory mechanism seems different to gpl TGase, because pollen TGase favours an intermolecular cross-linking between various molecules of sPLA2, giving rise to high-molecular protein networks normally more stable. In general, pollens exhibited a significant endogenous phospholipase activity and it has been observed differences according to the allergenic (Corylus) or not-well characterized allergenic (Malus) attitude of the pollen. However, even if with a different intensity level in activation, pollen enzyme share the ability to activate the sPLA2, thus suggesting an important regulatory role for the activation of a key enzyme of the inflammatory response, among which my interest was addressed to pollen allergy.
In conclusion, from all the data presented, mainly presence of allergens, presence of an extracellular TGase, increasing in its activity following exposure to environmental pollution and PLA2 activation, I can conclude that also Malus pollen can behave as potentially allergenic. The mechanisms described here that could affect the allergenicity of pollen, maybe could be the same occurring in fruit, paving the way for future studies in the identification of hyper- and hypo- allergenic cultivars, in preventing environmental stressor effects and, possibly, in the production of transgenic plants.
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Hill, Michael Richard. "Studies on house dust mites and atopic disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306515.
Full text
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Sbihi, Hind. "Childhood asthma and allergies in birth cohort studies : tools for environmental exposure assessment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54046.
Full textAbstract:
Pediatric asthma and allergies represent global health problems causing substantial disability. Epidemiological research has established a link between air pollution and exacerbation of asthma. However, the role of air pollutants in relation to atopy and on the development of asthma is unclear.
This thesis examines the relationship between traffic-related air pollution and the development of atopy and asthma using two complementary Canadian birth cohorts where the impact of different exposure assessment approaches on observed associations was evaluated. Hopanes in house dust, collected in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort study, were evaluated as markers of indoor infiltrated traffic-related air pollution by measuring their correlation with geographic predictors of outdoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. This correlation was dependent on the inclusion of behavioral characteristics, hindering the utility of measuring hopanes in settled dust for exposure assessment. As an alternative approach to assess exposures in CHILD, city-specific land use regression models, questionnaires and home assessments were used to model personal exposure, including accounting for indoor/outdoor infiltration and time-activity patterns, in relation to early atopy. Spatio-temporally adjusted exposure in the first year of life was positively associated with sensitization to common food or inhalant allergens at age 1 (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per interquartile increase in nitrogen dioxide = 1.16 [1.00 – 1.41]). Because atopy is often a precursor for allergic asthma, 10 years of longitudinal data from the Border Air Quality Study population-based birth cohort were used to evaluate the role of air pollution on asthma development. An interquartile range increase in nitrogen dioxide, adjusted for temporal and spatial variability, increased incident asthma among preschool (age 0-5) children by 9% (95% confidence interval: 4 – 13%). Surrounding residential greenness mitigated this effect. In further analysis, the course of asthma was found to follow three trajectories: transient asthma, early-, and late-infancy chronic asthma, the latter two being significantly associated with fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide. This dissertation highlights the importance of integrating temporal and spatial variation in traffic-related air pollution exposure assessment and clarifies the role of early exposures on atopy and asthma initiation.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of<br>Graduate
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Hochstadt, Naomi. "When Social Allergies Flare Up in Close Relationships: A Relational Turbulence Model Explanation." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5790.
Full textAbstract:
Romantic relationships commonly endure rough patches. The relational turbulence model and the social allergy phenomenon may account for such rough transitions. A social allergy is an idiosyncratic social behavior that involuntarily stirs up irritation in an individual, either with or without the intention of the transgressor. As the behavior is repeated, tolerance for the bothersome allergen dwindles. This paper investigates the connections between relational turbulence and social allergies. The relational turbulence model describes individuals' severe reactions to various turning points in an interpersonal relationship, and combines the effects of increased intimacy, relational uncertainty, and partner interference. Based on the turbulence model, the author predicted curvilinear relationships between intimacy and social allergen occurrence as well as between intimacy and negative emotional impact of social allergens. Based on the social allergen literature, the author predicted social allergen occurrence and repeated arguments about social allergens would both associate positively with relationship turbulence. Partial support was found for each prediction.<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>Communication<br>Sciences<br>Communication; Mass Communication
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Irawati, Lyna. "Influence of penicillin allergy on antibiotic prescribing patterns and costs." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1844.
Full textAbstract:
The first part of this research was undertaken to assess the impact of documented penicillin allergy on the choice of antibiotics and the clinical and financial consequences of changes in prescribing patterns in an Australian teaching hospital. The medical records of all patients aged >/= 18 years admitted with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SGGH) over a 15-week period were reviewed prospectively. The severity of patients' penicillin allergies was assessed using a structured questionnaire. The antibiotic cost was calculated using acquisition, delivery (labour and equipment) and laboratory monitoring costs. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing was assessed using the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic (TG:A). The antimicrobial selections and costs were then compared for those patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) penicillin allergy. 155 patients were reviewed (males 71, females 84) with an average age of 68 ± 18 years. Of these, 27 (17.4%) had documented penicillin allergies; of which 12 were classified as Severity I (e.g. anaphylaxis, urticaria), 12 as Severity II (e.g. rash, itch) and three as intolerance (e.g. GI upset). The current TG:A recommends cephalothin or cephazolin as the drugs of choice for mild to moderate CAP patients with a history of penicillin allergy. However, combinations of cephalothin intravenously and azithromycin orally were the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials for such patients. The TG:A recommends erythromycin plus cefotaxime or ceftriaxone as the first-line therapy for severe CAP patients with a documented penicillin allergy. Yet, combinations of intravenous cephalothin, erythromycin and gentamicin were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials for such patients.A history of penicillin allergy significantly (p<0.05) increased the cost of antibiotic treatment and total cost of admission. The adherence of antibiotic prescribing to the TG:A for patients with penicillin allergies is variable. Patients with labelled penicillin allergies had greater antibiotic costs and total cost of admission. Identifying patients with intolerance rather than allergies would reduce the total inpatient costs at SCGH by A$ 463.01 a year for mild to moderate CAP patients and A$ 39 614.54 a year for severe CAP patients. The second part of the project was a prospective study of patients admitted to SCGH who had a history of penicillin allergy, but were not suffering from CAP. This study was conducted in order to ensure that the pattern of penicillin allergies of patients admitted to the hospital could be adequately characterised. Over a 5-week period, all adult patients admitted without CAP to SCGH who claimed to have a history of penicillin allergy were interviewed with regard to their penicillin allergies. The standard of allergy documentation was also assessed for each patient. Of the 140 patients assessed (males 63, females 77, average age 61 ± 17 years), 108 (77.1%) were classified as allergic: 61 (56.5%) as Severity I and 47 (43.5%) as Severity 11, 26 (18.6%) as intolerant and the remaining six (4.3%) as not substantiated.The standard documentation of the patients' penicillin allergies was poor - only 40 (38.6%) of either medical records or drug charts had the type of reaction and only five (3.6%) had the date of reaction. In general, penicillin allergies were poorly documented in both patients' medical records and on drug charts. Inadequate detail of reported reactions often made it difficult to assess their clinical significance. These findings prompted a recommendation that pharmacists should help to ensure accurate allergy documentation by evaluating patients and educating both patients and health care professionals.
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Cotter, Nicholas James. "The Effect of Seasonality on Pulmonary Function Tests." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6693.
Full textAbstract:
Lung spirometry data from three working-class industry populations were analyzed using logistic and linear regression to see if seasonality adversely affected test outcomes. Populations included emergency responders, general industry, and shipwrights. The data was organized into allergy and non-allergy seasons using NOAA meteorological data and regression and logistic analysis was run on these separate populations to test for demographic and seasonal effects on lung spirometry test outcomes. The American Thoracic Society gold standard was as a point for determining impaired lung function (FEV1/FVC > 0.80). It was found that seasonality imparted a slight linear effect on the predictive values of FEV1 and FVC for determining impaired lung function FEV1 and FVC values were Pr > 0.0003 and Pr > 0.0002, respectively. For demographic variables, age imparted the greatest linear effect for FEV1 and FVC, with significant p-values of 0.0002 and
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Taheri-Kafrani, Asghar. "L’effet du chauffage, de la glycation et de mutations sur structure, interactions et sur l’allergénicité de la β-lactoglobuline bovine". Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=60eddd4b-3caf-48c3-8ced-3f9c9bf73830.
Full textAbstract:
La β-lactoglobuline (β-Lg) est la protéine la plus abondante du lactosérum du lait de vache et des autres mammifères, elle appartient à la famille des lipocalines. Toutefois, elle est absente dans le lait de primates. C’est une protéine globulaire d'environ 18 kDa formant une structure en feuillet β (appelé calice). Chaque monomère contient deux ponts disulfures et une cystéine en position 121 (C121). Ce groupement thiol libre joue un rôle important dans l'agrégation de la β-Lg induite par la chaleur et, éventuellement, dans le maintien de sa stabilité de conformation. La fonction biologique de la β-Lg n'est pas claire, mais son rôle potentiel dans le transport des acides gras dans le tube digestif a été suggéré. La β-Lg est connue comme l'un des allergènes majeurs dans le lait. Parmi les traitements technologiques le chauffage est le plus couramment appliqué au cours des procédés de transformation du lait. Malgré la fréquence d'utilisation du chauffage, les effets des traitements thermiques de la β-Lg sur sa dénaturation et sa reconnaissance par les IgE de patients ne sont pas décrits. La fixation des IgE de patients allergiques au lait de vache à la β-Lg native, et à la β-Lg chauffée dans la gamme de température de 65-95 °C, a été étudiée par ELISA. La β-Lg a été soumise à des modifications au cours du chauffage en présence des sucres réducteurs par la réaction de Maillard. La fixation des IgE de patients à la β-Lg glycosylée a également été mesurée. La perte de structures tertiaires et secondaires de β-Lg par chauffage au dessus de 75 °C a entraîné une diminution de sa reconnaissance par les IgE, dont les réactivités différent entre les patients. L'intensité de la baisse de la liaison IgE a également été observée dans le cas des β-Lg fortement glycosylées. L'expression au niveau la levure Pichia pastoris d'un mutant de l'espèce bovine β- Lg, dans lequel le groupement C121 a été changé en Ser (C121S) a été réalisée au cours de cette étude. La mutation C121S bloque complètement l'agrégation irréversible induite par un traitement thermique. La fixation des IgE, obtenus de patients allergiques au lait de vache, avec la β-Lg native, β-Lg type sauvage et la β-Lg mutée C121S a également été étudiée par ELISA. La β-Lg peut complexer des lipides tels que les acides butyrique et l'acide oléique ainsi que d’autres variété de ligands. La sérotonine (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) est un composé important qu'on trouve chez les animaux et les plantes. Elle est connue par ses diverses fonctions, y compris la régulation de l'humeur, l'appétit, le sommeil, la contraction musculaire, et certaines fonctions cognitives comme la mémoire et l'apprentissage. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, l'interaction de la sérotonine et la sérotonine arachidonyl (AA-5HT) avec β-Lg a été étudiée par dichroïsme circulaire (CD) et par fluorescence. Ces deux ligands interagissent avec β-Lg pour former des complexes équimolaires. La constante d’affinité du complexe sérotonine/β-Lg est compris entre 105 et 106 M-1, tandis que celle du complexe AA-5HT/β-Lg est comprise entre 104 et 105 M-1. Les constantes d’affinités observées sont plus élevés en milieu hydro-éthanolique (25 % EtOH). Selon les résultats des UV proche et lointain en CD, ces ligands n'ont aucune influence apparente sur la structure secondaire de la β-Lg, mais ils déstabilisent partiellement la structure tertiaire. La liaison avec la β-Lg pourrait expliquer l'un des mécanismes périphériques de la régulation de la sérotonine et de ses dérivés au niveau de l'intestin des animaux nourris au lait<br>β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) is a lipocalin, which is the major whey protein of cow milk and the milk of other mammals. However, it is absent from milk of primates. This globular protein of about 18 kDa is folded forming a -barrel (or calyx) structure. Each monomer contains two disulphide bonds and one cysteine at position 121 (C121). This free thiol plays an important role in the heat-induced aggregation of β-Lg, and, possibly, in the maintenance of its conformational stability. The biological function of β-Lg is not clear, but its potential role in carrying fatty acids through the digestive tract has been suggested. β-Lg is also one of major allergens in milk. Heating is one of the most common technologic treatments applied during many milk transformations. Despite the frequency of use of heating, the effects of heating β-Lg and its denaturation on its recognition by IgE of patients are not fully described. Binding of IgE from patients with cow milk allergy to native β-Lg and to heated β-Lg in the temperature range 65-95°C was measured by ELISA. Since β-Lg can be subjected to modifications during heating by the existing reducing sugars in the milk through Maillard reaction, binding of IgE of patients to glycated β-Lg was also measured. Loss of tertiary and secondary structures of β-Lg by heating above 75°C resulted in a decrease in its recognition by IgE, whose reactivities differ between the patients. The intensity of the decrease of IgE binding was also observed in case of intensively glycated β-Lg. The expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris of a mutant bovine β-Lg, in which C121 was changed into Ser (C121S) was accomplished during this study. The C121S mutation blocks completely the irreversible aggregation induced by heat treatment. Binding of IgE from patients with cow milk allergy to native β-Lg, wild-type β-Lg and C121S mutant β-Lg was aslo measured by ELISA. β-Lg has been found in complexes with lipids such as butyric and oleic acids and has a high affinity for a wide variety of compounds. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), an important compound found in animals and plants, has various functions, including the regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, muscle contraction, and some cognitive functions such as memory and learning. In the last part of this study, the interaction of serotonin and one of its derivatives, arachidonyl serotonin (AA-5HT), with β-Lg was investigated using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence intensity measurements. These two ligands interact with β-Lg forming equimolar complexes. The binding constant for the serotonin/β-Lg interaction is between 105 and 106 M-1, while for the AA-5HT/β-Lg complex it is between 104 and 105 M-1 as determined by measurements of either protein or ligand fluorescence. The observed binding affinities were higher in hydroethanolic media (25 % EtOH). The interactions between serotonin/β-Lg and AA-5HT/β-Lg may compete with self-association (micellization) of both the ligand and the protein. According to far-and near-UV CD results, these ligands have no apparent influence on β-Lg secondary structure, however they partially destabilize its tertiary structure. Their binding by β-Lg may be one of the peripheral mechanisms of the regulation of the content of serotonin and its derivatives in the bowel of milk-fed animals
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Ward, Heather Suzanne. "Development of a personal diet plan database application for persons with severe food allergies." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2005. http://165.236.235.140/lib/HWard2005.pdf.
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