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Journal articles on the topic 'Allergies'
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1
Koeberl, Martina, Dean Clarke, Katrina J. Allen, et al. "European Regulations for Labeling Requirements for Food Allergens and Substances Causing Intolerances: History and Future." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 1 (2018): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0386.
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Abstract Food allergies are increasing globally, including numbers of allergens, the sensitization rate, and the prevalence rate. To protect food-allergic individuals in the community, food allergies need to be appropriately managed. This paper describes current Australian food allergen management practices. In Australia, the prevalence of food allergies, the anaphylaxis rate, and the fatal anaphylaxis rate are among the highest in the world. Interagency and stakeholder collaboration is facilitated and enhanced as Australia moves through past, current, and ongoing food allergen challenges. As a result, Australia has been a global leader in regulating the labeling of common allergens in packaged foods and their disclosure in foods not required to bear a label. Moreover, the food industry in Australia and New Zealand has developed a unique food allergen risk management tool, the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling program, which is managed by the Allergen Bureau. This paper summarizes insights and information provided by the major stakeholders involved to protect food-allergic consumers from any allergic reaction. Stakeholders include government; consumer protection, regulation, and enforcement agencies; the food industry; and food allergen testing and food allergen/allergy research bodies in Australia. The ongoing goal of all stakeholders in food allergen management in Australia is to promote best practice food allergen management procedures and provide a wide choice of foods, while enabling allergic consumers to manage their food allergies and reduce the risk of an allergic reaction.
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Tadjieva, G. Z., O. S. Mirzaev, and Kh N. Shadieva. "Skin Test Results in Patients with Allergies in Samarkand Region." Doctor.Ru 19, no. 11 (2020): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-11-56-60.
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Study Objective: To assess skin test results in patients with some allergies. Design: Perspective comparative study. Materials and Methods. We examined 1,963 patients with allergies who presented to Tadjieva Allergo-Medical Service LLC (Samarkand) in 2018–2019. 895 patients consented to and underwent allergy testing with scarification skin tests; they had various allergies (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic bronchitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria). We used 76 types of most common allergens, including 24 plant allergens, 7 domestic allergens, 13 fungal allergens, 3 epidermal allergens, 27 food allergens, histamine and control test. Results. Most common, positive test results were seen with saltwort (42.9%), plantain (39.5%), wormwood (33.7%), pigweed (26.6%), quitch grass (27.3%), cultivated plant mix (corn, rye, barley, oats, wheat) (41.8%), wild grasses (dart grass, scleranthus, bluegrass, ryegrass, brome grass, couch grass, red-tailed fescue grass, foxtail, timothy) (40.4%). In domestic allergens, the highest number of positive test results accounted for Acarus siro (29.1%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (24.6%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (21.8%), D. farinae (20.9%) mites. Still, the most severe are the diseases caused by hypersensitivity to fungal allergens Аlternaria alternatа (8.7%), Candida (8.9%). Polyvalent sensibilization was recorded in the majority of cases; but it was not a factor of severity and did not correlated with the duration of the disease. Conclusion. The results allow verifying aetiological factors of allergies in each case; later it can be used for targeted molecular diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Keywords: allergies, allergen-specific immunotherapy, skin tests, plant, domestic, fungal allergens, polysensitization.
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Shah, Shilpa. "Hormonal Link to Autoimmune Allergies." ISRN Allergy 2012 (August 22, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/910437.
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IgE recognition of autoantigens might augment allergic inflammation in the absence of exogenous allergen exposure. Among allergy and autoimmunity, there is disproportionate representation of males before puberty and females after puberty, suggesting a role for sex hormones. Hormone allergy is an allergic reaction where the offending allergens are one's own hormones. It is an immune reaction to the hormones, which can interfere with the normal function of the hormones. It can occur perimenstrually in women along with the variation in menstrual cycle. The perimenstrual allergies are about the cyclic abundance of the hormone causing a cyclic expression of allergic symptoms. The inflammatory mechanisms of allergic reactions to hormone allergens, which are intrinsic to the body, are the same as the mechanisms of allergic reactions to external allergens.
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Spotz, Kristen. "Allergens: An Enhanced Focus." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 1 (2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0435.
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Abstract Food Allergy Awareness Week was created with the purpose of placing a spotlight on the seriousness of food allergies. Recognized in the United States in mid-May every year, Food Allergy Awareness Week serves as a reminder of the over 15 million Americans who suffer from food allergies. The importance of allergies and allergen labeling can be seen when looking at U.S. Food and Drug Administration recall data: of the 764 recalls in 2016, 305 (representing more than 40%) were due to undeclared allergens. However, recalls for undeclared allergens are a complex issue with numerous factors. The implementation of prevention-based systems with the necessary management components and further error-proofing the systems, along with allergen awareness embedded throughout a company’s food safety culture, can likely help reduce the number of recalls for undeclared allergens. As a resource to manufacturers, the Grocery Manufacturers Association and the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program have developed several resources to assist with developing robust allergen management programs. By reducing the number of recalls for undeclared allergens, the food industry will likely increase and maintain consumer confidence and trust of the food-allergic community. This enhanced consumer confidence and trust could eventually open the door for further collaboration with the food-allergic community and, potentially, advance allergen-related policies.
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Takaoka, Yuri, Akihiro Maeta, Atsuko Nakano, et al. "Pediatric allergies in Japan: Coronavirus disease pandemic-related risk factors." Asia Pacific Allergy 13, no. 3 (2023): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000116.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted various parts of society, including Japanese children with allergies. Objective: This study investigated risk factors for pediatric allergic diseases associated with the state of emergency owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, including during school closures. Methods: Parents of pediatric patients (0–15 years) with allergies were enrolled and queried regarding the impact of school closure on pediatric allergies compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A valid response was obtained from 2302 parents; 1740 of them had children with food allergies. Approximately 4% (62/1740) of the parents reported accidental food allergen ingestion was increased compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic. Accidental ingestion during school closures was associated with increased contact with meals containing allergens meant for siblings or other members of the family at home. The exacerbation rate during the pandemic was highest for atopic dermatitis at 13% (127/976), followed by allergic rhinitis at 8% (58/697), and bronchial asthma at 4% (27/757). The main risk factors for worsening atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma were contact dermatitis of the mask area (34/120 total comments); home allergens, such as mites, dogs, and cats (15/51 total comments); and seasonal changes (6/25 total comments), respectively. Conclusion: The main factors affecting allergic diseases were likely related to increased time at home, preventive measures against COVID-19, and refraining from doctor visits. Children with allergies were affected by changes in social conditions; however, some factors, such as preventing accidental ingestion and the management of allergens at home, were similar to those before the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who had received instructions on allergen avoidance at home before the pandemic were able to manage their disease better even when their social conditions changed.
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Toader, Stefan Vasile, Oana Mihaela Condurache Hritcu, Cristina Popa, Ana Maria Sciuca, George Maftei, and Mihaela Paula Toader. "HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AFFECTING ORAL MUCOSA: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGES." Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 16, no. 3 (2024): 163–71. https://doi.org/10.62610/rjor.2024.3.16.17.
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Hypersensitivity reactions affecting the oral mucosa present a significant clinical challenge due to their diverse manifestations and the wide range of potential allergens involved. This article explores the types of allergic reactions commonly observed in the oral cavity, including contact allergies and systemic allergic reactions, emphasising their clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches. Common allergens such as metals and resin-based dental materials are highlighted, discussing their impact on oral health. Diagnostic strategies, including clinical examination, history taking, cutaneous patch testing and histopathological evaluation, are assessed for their efficacy in establishing the diagnosis of an allergic reaction and in identifying specific allergens. Management and treatment options are also reviewed, focusing on allergen avoidance, pharmacological interventions, and the selection of hypoallergenic dental materials. This article underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes for patients with oral mucosal allergies.
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Volpicella, Mariateresa, Claudia Leoni, Maria C. G. Dileo, and Luigi R. Ceci. "Progress in the Analysis of Food Allergens through Molecular Biology Approaches." Cells 8, no. 9 (2019): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8091073.
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Food allergies associated with class E immunoglobulins (IgE) are a serious health problem that affects between 1% and 10% of the population of developing countries, with a variability that depends on the geographical area and age range considered. These allergies are caused by a cross-link reaction between a specific food protein (the allergen) and the host IgE. Allergic reactions can range from mild itching to anaphylactic shock and there are no clues to predict the effects of an allergen. Strict avoidance of allergenic food is the only way to avoid possible serious allergic reactions. In the last 30 years a growing number of molecular studies have been conducted to obtain information on the diffusion of food allergens and to establish the structural basis of their allergenicity. At the same time, these studies have also allowed the development of molecular tools (mainly based on synthetic peptides and recombinant allergens) that can be of great help for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of food allergies. Accordingly, this review focuses on advances in the study of food allergens made possible by molecular technologies and how results and technologies can be integrated for the development of a systematic food molecular allergology. The review may be of interest both to scientists approaching this field of investigation and to physicians who wish to have an update on the progress of research in diagnosis and therapy of food allergies.
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Beheshti, Ramin, Polly Huang, Megan Le, Rachel Peterson, and Jody R. Tversky. "Should the Cat Stay Home? A Guide to Managing Cat Allergies." Allergies 5, no. 2 (2025): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/allergies5020012.
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Worldwide, cat allergies affect 15% of the population. Cat allergens are ubiquitous and challenging to eliminate from homes, making it difficult to implement effective allergen reduction strategies. Developing strategies to reduce cat allergens in homes could alleviate the burden of allergic diseases, enhance symptom management, lower healthcare expenses, and improve patients’ quality of life. Studies have produced varied results concerning the effectiveness of specific environmental control measures in lowering cat allergen levels and improving clinical outcomes for allergic diseases. This review evaluates the existing evidence on the effectiveness of environmental control measures in reducing cat allergens and their potential clinical impact.
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Rosada, Tomasz, Zbigniew Bartuzi, Magdalena Grześk-Kaczyńska, Magdalena Rydzyńska, and Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska. "Treatment of Allergies to Fur Animals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13 (2024): 7218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137218.
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Allergy to fur animals is becoming an increasingly common clinical problem in everyday medical practice. Depending on the route of exposure to the allergen, patients present with many, often non-specific symptoms. The most common illnesses among people with allergies to the above-mentioned allergens are as follows: allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic bronchial asthma, food allergy, allergic contact dermatitis, and sometimes anaphylactic shock. In recent years, there has been a change in the holistic approach to the treatment of allergy patients. The method of treatment should be tailored to a specific patient, taking into account his or her predispositions, economic possibilities, and therapeutic goals. The article describes the main methods of treating allergies, focusing primarily on allergies to fur animals. Allergy treatment always requires great care, and qualification for specific types of therapy should be preceded by a thorough and accurate diagnosis.
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An, Wei, Ting Li, Xinya Tian, et al. "Allergies to Allergens from Cats and Dogs: A Review and Update on Sources, Pathogenesis, and Strategies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19 (2024): 10520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910520.
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Inhalation allergies caused by cats and dogs can lead to a range of discomforting symptoms, such as rhinitis and asthma, in humans. With the increasing popularity of and care provided to these companion animals, the allergens they produce pose a growing threat to susceptible patients’ health. Allergens from cats and dogs have emerged as significant risk factors for triggering asthma and allergic rhinitis worldwide; however, there remains a lack of systematic measures aimed at assisting individuals in recognizing and preventing allergies caused by these animals. This review provides comprehensive insights into the classification of cat and dog allergens, along with their pathogenic mechanisms. This study also discusses implementation strategies for prevention and control measures, including physical methods, gene-editing technology, and immunological approaches, as well as potential strategies for enhancing allergen immunotherapy combined with immunoinformatics. Finally, it presents future prospects for the prevention and treatment of human allergies caused by cats and dogs. This review will improve knowledge regarding allergies to cats and dogs while providing insights into potential targets for the development of next-generation treatments.
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Jain, Akash. "The use of antihistamines for allergies: New developments and recommendations exploring recent advancements in antihistamines and their effectiveness in treating allergies." Innovations in Pharmacy Planet 12, no. 04 (2024): 62–63. https://doi.org/10.31690/ipplanet.2024.v012i04.017.
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Allergies are hypersensitive immune responses to typically harmless substances known as allergens, which can include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods, and medications. Common allergic conditions include allergic rhinitis, characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes; urticaria (hives), which presents as itchy welts on the skin; and atopic dermatitis (eczema), leading to dry, itchy skin. The role of histamine is crucial in these allergic responses; when an allergen is encountered, the immune system releases histamine from mast cells, resulting in increased vascular permeability and the classic symptoms of allergies. Antihistamines are a primary treatment option that works by blocking the action of histamine at its receptors, thereby alleviating symptoms associated with allergic reactions.
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Chernukha, I. M., E. V. Kryuchenko, Yu A. Kuzlyakina, and V. S. Zamula. "Qualimetric assessment of methods for the determination of allergens in meat products." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (2022): 012125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012125.
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Abstract People with food allergies (there are up to 10% of them in the world) must follow a special diet to prevent the manifestation of allergic reactions. WHO regularly specifies and updates the list of allergens. In the world there is no single approach to determine the minimum concentration of an allergen that can cause an allergic reaction, known as a threshold dose. The controlling authorities of many countries, realizing the seriousness of threats to the health of citizens associated with food allergies, are adopting laws, regulations and standards which require the indication of the possibility of allergens on the labeling of food products, thereby ensuring that they are not consumed by the population vulnerable to food allergies. The scope of food allergen management is much broader than just food labeling and is not possible without modern methodology and analytical methods. Various methods are used to control the presence of allergens in food products, both qualitative and quantitative. The concentration of an allergen that can cause a serious threat to health can be calculated in micro- and nanograms. Therefore, approaches are constantly being developed to increase the sensitivity of methods for detecting allergens in food. These are immune-analytical, mass spectrometric, chromatographic, histological methods, methods based on amplification of nucleic acids, proteomic analysis and methods using biosensors. The paper considers these methods, their advantages and disadvantages. The authors carried out a qualimetric assessment of these methods in order to determine the most effective method for detecting allergens. It will provide consumers with high-quality and safe products.
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Heine, Ralf G. "Dietary strategies for early immune modulation in primary food allergy prevention." BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 6, Suppl 3 (2023): s8—s19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000678.
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As the global incidence of food allergies continues to rise, effective primary prevention strategies remain a public health priority. Eczema in early infancy is a major risk factor for IgE-mediated food allergies. Exposure to food allergens via inflamed skin promotes a cascade of allergic immune responses and increases the risk of IgE-mediated food allergies. By contrast, early exposure to food allergens via the gut is likely to induce oral tolerance. Landmark studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of egg and peanut allergy in response to the early dietary introduction of food allergens. As a result, early feeding guidelines in countries with a high incidence of food allergies have shifted from recommending prolonged allergen avoidance to a policy of early introduction from around 6 months of age, as part of a diverse complementary diet. Uncertainties remain regarding the optimum timing for the introduction of specific food allergens, as well as the minimum effective frequency and dose. Exclusive breast feeding for around 6 months, and continuation to 2 years, is generally recommended but does not appear to consistently prevent food allergies. Perinatal and intermittent supplementary feeding with cow’s milk-based formula may increase the risk of cow’s milk protein allergy. Maternal food allergen avoidance during pregnancy and lactation is not effective. However, maternal consumption of food allergens during breast feeding appears to increase their preventive effect for the infant in conjunction with the early introduction of allergens into the complementary diet. Data on the dietary supplementation of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and infants with vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics or probiotics for the purpose of food allergy prevention are insufficient to make firm clinical recommendations. In infants with eczema, a combination of early allergen introduction with regular emollient treatment may have additive preventive effects, but clinical trials have so far had mixed outcomes. Further clinical trials combining dietary strategies with interventions aiming to restore the disrupted skin barrier in infants with eczema may provide new insights into effective food allergy prevention in at-risk populations.
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Alkhalaf, Ghadi A., Norah A. Aljuaylan, Jolan S. Alsaud, Boshra A. Aljokaidb, and Fatima R. Aljalaood. "Restaurant staff’s knowledge, practices, and attitudes pertaining to food allergy in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 10 (2024): e0311650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311650.
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Food allergies, often triggered by minute amounts of certain foods, affect people of all ages and frequently occur in dining-out settings. Previous research in Saudi Arabia has not investigated the extent of restaurant workers’ knowledge of food allergies and their role in protecting patrons from allergic reactions. This descriptive study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of restaurant staff regarding food allergies in Qassim, Saudi Arabia between January and March 2023. Interviews and observations were conducted in four stages, and data were analyzed using the Environmental Health Specialists Network Food Allergen Study Protocol. Results showed that most restaurant staff had limited knowledge of food allergens and their symptoms, and a small proportion had received specific training on food allergies. Moreover, only 14% of restaurants provided allergen information on their menus. Despite these knowledge gaps, most staff exhibited positive attitudes toward managing food allergies. Findings also indicated that factors such as experience, training, and restaurant policies were associated with higher levels of knowledge and more positive attitudes. These results highlight the urgent need for the restaurant sector to implement food allergy measures, including clear policies and comprehensive training, to prevent potentially life-threatening incidents.
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Bergmann, Christoph, Rainer Ehmann, Galateja Jordakieva, et al. "Targeted micronutrition for allergic patients—possible applications of a food for special medical purposes." Allergo Journal International 30, no. 4 (2021): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-021-00172-8.
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SummaryA novel and recently launched food for special medical purposes was discussed by a multidisciplinary expert panel as an option for allergic patients. The newly developed lozenge contains the whey protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) as well as the micronutrients iron, zinc and vitamin A. BLG loaded with ligands (holo-BLG) is discussed as one factor of the allergy-protective farm effect in numerous scientific studies. Further studies reveal that holo-BLG shuttles its ligands specifically to immune cells, where it balances the specific nutrient demand and can thus lead to immune resilience. Based on the scientific background, the experts see a broad range of possible applications for holo-BLG in the form of a lozenge, for example in patients suffering from multiple allergies, with sensitisation to rare allergens (including occupational allergens), tree pollen-associated food allergies or in general difficult treatment situations (e.g. allergies to animal dander or refusal of allergen immunotherapy). The expert panel describes the holo-BLG lozenge as an innovative and additional option for allergic patients.
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Jeong, Kyoung Yong, and Jung-Won Park. "Insect Allergens on the Dining Table." Current Protein & Peptide Science 21, no. 2 (2020): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190715091951.
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Edible insects are important sources of nutrition, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Recently, edible insects have gained considerable interest as a possible solution to global exhaustion of the food supply with population growth. However, little attention has been given to the adverse reactions caused by insect consumption. Here, we provide an overview of the food allergens in edible insects and offer insights for further studies. Most of the edible insect allergens identified to date are highly cross-reactive invertebrate pan-allergens such as tropomyosin and arginine kinase. Allergic reactions to these allergens may be cross-reactions resulting from sensitization to shellfish and/or house dust mites. No unique insect allergen specifically eliciting a food allergy has been described. Many of the edible insect allergens described thus far have counterpart allergens in cockroaches, which are an important cause of respiratory allergies, but it is questionable whether inhalant allergens can cause food allergies. Greater effort is needed to characterize the allergens that are unique to edible insects so that safe edible insects can be developed. The changes in insect proteins upon food processing or cooking should also be examined to enhance our understanding of edible insect food allergies.
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JACKSON, LAUREN S., FADWA M. AL-TAHER, MARK MOORMAN, et al. "Cleaning and Other Control and Validation Strategies To Prevent Allergen Cross-Contact in Food-Processing Operations." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 2 (2008): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.445.
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Food allergies affect an estimated 10 to 12 million people in the United States. Some of these individuals can develop life-threatening allergic reactions when exposed to allergenic proteins. At present, the only successful method to manage food allergies is to avoid foods containing allergens. Consumers with food allergies rely on food labels to disclose the presence of allergenic ingredients. However, undeclared allergens can be inadvertently introduced into a food via cross-contact during manufacturing. Although allergen removal through cleaning of shared equipment or processing lines has been identified as one of the critical points for effective allergen control, there is little published information on the effectiveness of cleaning procedures for removing allergenic materials from processing equipment. There also is no consensus on how to validate or verify the efficacy of cleaning procedures. The objectives of this review were (i) to study the incidence and cause of allergen cross-contact, (ii) to assess the science upon which the cleaning of food contact surfaces is based, (iii) to identify best practices for cleaning allergenic foods from food contact surfaces in wet and dry manufacturing environments, and (iv) to present best practices for validating and verifying the efficacy of allergen cleaning protocols.
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Białek, Sławomir, and Katarzyna Białek-Gosk. "Modern diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy – molecular diagnosis of allergies." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 52, no. 1 (2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0008.9630.
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Diagnostic difficulties resulting from the imperfections of natural allergen extracts inspired to use genetic engineering techniques to produce recombinant allergens or obtaining highly purified components (component) allergen. This led to the development of modern diagnostic technique in allergy or molecular diagnostics. The basis for understanding the molecular diagnosis of allergies is to know the properties of allergens. Each allergen is composed of various proteins known. component capable of sensitizing allergen, and each component includes a plurality of epitopes that can be divided into one species-specific epitopes, and the identical amino acid structure of the epitopes derived from different species. Specific epitopes are responsible for primary sensitization, while the epitopes with similar structures are responsible for cross-reactions. Finding sensitization several epitopes is a strong indication of the occurrence of much more dangerous allergic reactions than only one epitope. In addition, molecular diagnosis of allergies allows for personalized diagnosis of allergic patients. It enables the assessment of individual risk of allergic symptoms and allows you to distinguish the original from allergy symptoms caused by cross-reactions. It should be noted, however, that the diagnosis of allergy should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of the results and their confrontation with data from the interview. The mere detection of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, even the method of molecular diagnostics, without the presence of clinical symptoms does not confirm an allergy or illness. Only goes to confirm that the body of such a person is allergic and that the symptoms of this condition may at some point reveal but not necessarily.
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Jang, Yoon-Seok, Jae-Il Han, Eun-Soo Lee, Doo-Sung Cheon, Aryung Nam, and Jae-Eun Hyun. "Prevalence of Allergen-Specific IgE Positivity and Serum Immunoglobulin E Concentrations of Allergens in Dogs with Suspected Allergic Dermatitis Using the Multiple Allergen Simultaneous Test in South Korea." Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 6 (2025): 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12060563.
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Type I allergies are triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions upon allergen exposure. Dogs are diagnosed with allergic dermatitis based on history, clinical signs, and allergen-specific IgE detection. Using the multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST)–immunoblot assay, this study measured IgE concentrations and analyzed the proportion of dogs showing allergen-specific IgE positivity, and IgE concentrations of environmental and food allergens in South Korea. We examined data from canine serum using the MAST assay in 2023; the allergen panel included 130 allergens. Data were analyzed, with results greater than zero regarded as positive for the prevalence measurements and concentrations compared among subgroups. Overall, 2663 samples were evaluated to assess the proportion of dogs showing allergen-specific IgE positivity and mean concentrations of environmental and food allergens. Among the environmental allergens, Alternaria spp. had the highest IgE prevalence, whereas Japanese cedar had the highest mean IgE concentration. Allergen-specific differences were observed among subgroups categorized by age, sex, and breed. To our knowledge, this research is the first large-scale study to analyze canine serum using a MAST assay to assess the IgE prevalence of allergen-specific IgE positivity and concentration and to examine data by age, sex, and breed. These findings provide information for diagnosis and management of canine allergies.
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Archaka, Sai Swaroop, Dhivya Sree V.S, C. Arun Kumar, and J. Antony. "A cross-sectional study on allergen reactivity in children using skin prick test." International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases 14, no. 3 (2024): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_77_24.
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Allergy-related illnesses are currently undergoing a worldwide increase. Infants are particularly susceptible to the substantial health hazards presented by these allergic diseases. Allergens are substantially inducing and exacerbating anxiety. Aim: The identification of the most frequently encountered allergens is fundamental and crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disorders. Materials and methods: The Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute in Chennai conducted a cross-sectional study. Participants ranged in age from three to 17 and came to the Outpatient Department (OPD) of the Pediatrics Department at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai with complaints of chronic allergies. The study was approved by the Institutional Medical Ethics Committee and was scheduled to run from September 2020 to September 2021. Assuming they fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 73 individuals with a physician-diagnosed history of recurring allergies. A master chart was created and examined using SPSS 16.0 using data and information on patients. In our investigation, we found 73 cases of allergen reactivity in children. Skin prick tests (SPTs) were administered to all participants. Boys between the ages of 6 and 12 made up the bulk of our study’s participant pool. About two-thirds of the kids were born in cities. Results: Asthma is the most common kind of allergy in babies. Among the youngsters surveyed, 61.6% had no history of allergies in their family. In a study with 36 youngsters, over half of the subjects tested positive for 2 allergens. The main reason why our research participants were allergic to so many different things is because they have developed polysensitization to those things. Out of the participants tested for allergens, the results showed that 34 children (46.6%) were positive for dust mites, 21 children (28.8%) for cockroaches, 9 children (12.3%) for mosquitoes, and 2 children (2.7%) for Cassia siamea. Conclusion: Skin probing testing found dust mites to be the most common allergen in children who suffer from recurring allergies. For this reason, limiting the exposure to allergens is recommended for the successful management of allergic illnesses, particularly for those who have a history of exposure.
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Varma, Manisha G., Aparna P. Reddy, and Latha M. Subramanya. "Prevalence of allergens in children: a single centre experience." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 11, no. 11 (2024): 1576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20243084.
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Background: The exact epidemiological data on the allergic disorders, food sensitization and probable food allergy in Indian children is lacking. In this study, as an attempt to address the paucity of data in Indian children, the clinical profile of allergies and common allergens among children <18 years was described by identifying the allergens by skin prick test (SPT) and IgE immunocap. This may help the clinician to treat allergies better and administer appropriate immunotherapy. Methods: This prospective observational study aimed to estimate the prevalence of allergens in children with symptoms of allergy. Identification of specific allergens using Skin prick test (SPT) and IgE based tests, assessing various allergies and understand the parent’s insight towards allergy were the objectives. Results: In 108 children, bronchial asthma (62.9%), allergic rhinitis (53.7%), atopic dermatitis (9.2%), allergic conjunctivitis (5.5%), urticaria (5.5%), and food allergy (1.85%) were the specific allergies.SPT (n=101) was positive in 71.3% and IgE Immunocap (n=07) in two. Children were most sensitive to aeroallergens (House dust mite 75.3%, fungus/mould 35%, pollen 32.4%) than food allergens (2.5%). Among children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma (n=28), 78.5% showed positive SPT to Dermatophagoides farinae (68.1%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (63.6%). Among parents, 26.85% thought the symptoms were due to allergy but 79.31% children were positive to either SPT/IgE test. Remaining (73.15%) who thought otherwise, 74.68% of their children showed positive allergy tests. Conclusions: Aeroallergens are more common in children with allergy. Dust mite is the commonest allergen. Only few parents rightly thought that their children had allergy.
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John, Lisha Jenny, Sharfaa Ahmed, Fiza Anjum, et al. "Prevalence of Allergies among University Students: A Study from Ajman, United Arab Emirates." ISRN Allergy 2014 (February 19, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/502052.
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Aim. Urbanization and globalization in the Middle East have resulted in drastic environmental changes and increased allergens present in the environment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of allergies among undergraduate students from a university. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional survey was carried out among undergraduate students of a University at Ajman, UAE. A self-administered questionnaire was used as research instrument for data collection. The demographic data and the allergy characteristics were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 19. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results. A total of 255 students (33.3% males; 66.7% females) were included. Commonest allergies among the students were allergic conjunctivitis (104 (40.8%)), allergic dermatitis (89 (34.9%)), and eczema (38 (14.9%)). Family history of allergies was strongly associated with occurrence of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic dermatitis. In about 58 (22%) of the students, dust was the most common triggering factor for allergies. Allergies associated with pollen, food, and drugs were less frequent. The distribution of allergies based on gender revealed female preponderance in all types of allergies. Students with allergies reported interference with their daily activities, and academic, social, and extracurricular activities. Conclusions. Allergic conjunctivitis and allergic dermatitis were the frequent allergies reported. Adequate preventive strategies can crumb the prevalence of allergies.
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Namazova-Baranova, Leyla S., Kamilla Y. Efendieva, Julia G. Levina, et al. "Innovative Management Methods for Patients Allergic to Cats." Current Pediatrics 19, no. 4 (2020): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v19i4.2136.
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The prevalence of allergies to domestic animals increases due to the increase in the number of pets worldwide, followed by serious medical and social problems. Domestic cat (Felis domesticus) is one of the most common pets and one of the most frequent (after dust mite) source of indoor allergens and risk factor for bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. This review collects relevant information on the issues of hypersensitivity to cat allergens (the term «cat allergy» will be used later). The authors consider issues of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this condition. Special attention is given to the management of patients with cat allergies and particularly usage of special nutrition for cats that can reduce the level of the main cat allergen Fel d 1 in the environment. Whereas, this leads to decrease of allergic diseases symptoms severity.
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Rydzyńska, Magdalena, Zbigniew Bartuzi, Tomasz Rosada, Magdalena Grześk-Kaczyńska, and Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska. "Allergy to Thaumatin-like Proteins—What Do We Know?" Foods 14, no. 4 (2025): 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14040543.
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Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are a class of allergens that are predominantly found in fruits. These proteins are involved in plant defense mechanisms and exhibit antifungal activity. TLPs are classified as pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-5) and are typically synthesized in response to biotic stress, such as pathogen attacks. Sensitization to TLPs can result in a broad spectrum of allergic reactions, ranging from localized symptoms, such as oral allergy syndrome, to severe manifestations, including anaphylaxis. Key allergens within this group include Mal d 2 (apple), Pru p 2 (peach), and Pru av 2 (cherry). The list of allergens belonging to the TLP protein group continues to expand with newly discovered molecules. Diagnostic approaches for TLP allergies remain limited. Allergen component-resolved diagnostics can detect specific TLPs. The epidemiology of TLP-induced allergies is underexplored, and further research is needed to elucidate the prevalence, natural course, and clinical outcomes of these allergic conditions.
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Huddleston, Christina M., Kirsten M. Kloepfer, Jay J. Jin, and Girish V. Vitalpur. "Management of food allergy in the school setting." Journal of Food Allergy 2, no. 1 (2020): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200023.
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Food allergy is a growing health and safety concern that affects up to 8% of school-age children. Because children spend a significant part of their day in school, and the overall number of school-age children with food allergy has been increasing, management of food allergies relies on the collaboration of allergists, families, and schools to treat and prevent acute allergic reactions. For schools, this involves policies centered on food allergen avoidance, preparedness with epinephrine autoinjectors, adequate school personnel training, and accommodations for an equal opportunity learning environment. Partnerships with allergists, primary care providers, students, families, school nurses, and school staff are vital for creating individualized and effective care plans that will allow all children, including those with food allergies, a safe and nurturing learning environment.
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Pérez-Herrera, Lucía C., Sergio Moreno-López, Daniel Peñaranda, Elizabeth García, Edgardo Chapman, and Augusto Peñaranda. "Frequency of self-reported allergies at a high-complexity referral hospital in Colombia, a tropical Latin American country." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 5 (2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i5.449.
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Background: The frequency of allergic diseases in tropical Latin American populations is poorly understood, and certain particularities can impact their natural history and risk factors. Objective: The study aimed to determine the frequency of self-reported allergies (allergic diseases, drug, and food allergies) in patients who attended the Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted to assess the frequency of self-reported allergies reported by all the patients who attended an allergy referral center between June and December 2019. Results: A total of 60978 patients were included. Allergic rhinitis was reported by 1.51% (n= 921), asthma by 1.28% (n = 782), and atopic dermatitis by 0.41% (n = 250) of the study population. A higher frequency of self-reported allergic diseases (rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis) was found in the younger populations, while drug allergies were more frequently reported in adults. The most frequently self-reported drug allergies were penicillin allergy (4.07%, n = 2479), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) allergy (1.85%, n = 1116). The most commonly reported food allergens included shellfish (0.58%), fruits (0.54%), cow’s milk protein (0.37%), and eggs (0.21%). Conclusion: The distribution of food allergens showed a higher frequency of shrimp and fruit allergies compared to previous studies on African, Asian, and Arabic tropical populations that describe a higher predominance of egg and milk allergies. Patients reporting allergic diseases should always be referred to the allergology department for confirmatory testing.
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Dange, Hemalata V. "INVOLVEMENT OF SOME ALLERGENS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL ORIGIN IN ALLERGIC REACTIONS RELATED TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 76–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i6.1947.
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In India, the prevalence of allergic responses and bronchial asthma is on the rise, which is a major public health concern. Increased exposure to an allergen, a substance that causes a reaction, can cause allergy sensitization in genetically vulnerable people. Continued exposure to allergens can raise the risk of allergic diseases which can further progress into life threating respiratory diseases. Allergic reactions to a variety of indoor and outdoor allergens play a key role in severe breathing disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are distinctive kinds of allergens like animal proteins and animal dander, pollen, food, fungi, mould, Insects, Bird droppings and many others. The common allergens that cause respiratory difficulties have been identified after an honest effort. A modest retrospective analysis of 160 patients was done. Their medical history was gathered in order to determine whether or not they had been exposed to allergies in the past. All of the study participants were given a Skin prick test (SPT) with a variety of allergens, and their allergy status was evaluated based on the results. Most allergens, such as dust mites, pollen grains, and pigeon droppings, have been discovered to cause severe respiratory allergies, which can lead to life-threatening respiratory complications.
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Thiago Luiz Bandeira, Isabela Mansur Bandeira, Juliana CM Vasconcellos, et al. "Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (AIT)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2023): 734–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2043.
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Allergic/atopic patients do not develop immune tolerance to certain substances in the environment which are harmless to non-allergic individuals. These patients are hypersensitive to these substances-allergens. Specific Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT), also known as Allergy Shots or Desensitization, is a therapeutic approach used to treat allergic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and insect sting allergies. The primary goal of AIT is to reduce the allergic response to specific allergens by gradually exposing the patient to increasing doses of the allergen over time. This exposure helps the immune system build tolerance to the allergen, leading to a decrease in allergic symptoms and a long-term improvement in clinical outcomes. Research has confirmed the long-term clinical efficacy of AIT, and its ability to induce antigen-specific tolerance. In this review, we aim to discuss the immunological mechanisms involved in different types of AITs, their efficacy and safety.
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Thiago, Luiz Bandeira, Mansur Bandeira Isabela, CM Vasconcellos Juliana, et al. "Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (AIT)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2023): 734–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12203909.
Full textAbstract:
Allergic/atopic patients do not develop immune tolerance to certain substances in the environment which are harmless to non-allergic individuals. These patients are hypersensitive to these substances-allergens. Specific Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT), also known as Allergy Shots or Desensitization, is a therapeutic approach used to treat allergic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and insect sting allergies. The primary goal of AIT is to reduce the allergic response to specific allergens by gradually exposing the patient to increasing doses of the allergen over time. This exposure helps the immune system build tolerance to the allergen, leading to a decrease in allergic symptoms and a long-term improvement in clinical outcomes. Research has confirmed the long-term clinical efficacy of AIT, and its ability to induce antigen-specific tolerance. In this review, we aim to discuss the immunological mechanisms involved in different types of AITs, their efficacy and safety.
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Vriesekoop, Frank. "Beer and Allergens." Beverages 7, no. 4 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages7040079.
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Food allergies are an important global health concern, with many countries following the World Health Organisation’s guidelines with regards to due labelling of foods and, as such, providing forewarning about the presence of potential allergens to potential consumers. While for some produce, the link to specific allergens might be very clear to most consumers, this is not the case for all produce. People with specific food-related allergies usually know what to look out for, but occasionally, unexpected allergens are present in trusted produce. Beer is known to most to contain barley, which will contain gluten-like proteins that can cause allergic reactions in some people. Similarly, beer might contain sulphites and other potential allergens traditionally associated with beers. This review aims to examine a wide range of allergens that have entered the beer production process in recent years. As a result, examples of beers that contain one or more of the 14 EU-UK listed allergens are described, different allergen regulations in different countries are emphasised and their impact explained, and a number of case studies involving allergic reactions following exposure to and the ingestion of beer are highlighted.
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Saif, Nadia T., Gary I. Kleiner, Lourdes Q. Forster, et al. "Allergies, Allergic Comorbidities and the Home Environment in Pediatric Asthma in Southern Florida." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (2021): 4142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084142.
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Background: Environmental exposure is critical in sensitization to environmental allergens and pediatric asthma morbidity, especially in tropical climates where children are perennially exposed to bioaerosols, such as pollen and mold spores, and endotoxins. Objective: This cross-sectional study examines the association of allergies, associated allergic comorbidities, and the home environment separately and synergistically in pediatric asthma, including in asthma prevalence, severity of asthma, and undiagnosed asthma, in South Florida. Methods: An online survey was administered to the parents of children attending two of the University of Miami pediatric clinics from June to October 2016. Descriptive, factor, and multivariate regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: Of 163 children, 22% (36) children had physician-diagnosed asthma; 10% and 32% had allergic rhinitis diagnosis and rhinitis symptoms, respectively, in the past. The allergy diagnosis age was 2.3 years higher than the asthma diagnosis age (p < 0.01). Children with ≥ 2 allergies were 12.8 times more likely to have physician-diagnosed asthma than those without allergies (p < 0.01). Children with allergies and allergic rhinitis were 4.3 (p < 0.05) times more likely to have asthma, and those with asthma were 15 (p < 0.05) times more likely to have an asthma attack than those without known allergies and allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: Allergies and associated comorbidities are risk factors of asthma, asthma persistence, and multiple allergies exacerbate their effects. Early screening for allergies and treatment are warranted to manage asthma. Since the home environment plays an important role in sensitization to allergens, further research is needed to assess home-environment-mediated allergic conditions in the onset and persistence of asthma.
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Mozyrska, O. V., and O. V. Iemets. "Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis o Food Allergy in Children: Oral Food Challenges (Review)." Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases, HIV Infection, no. 3 (September 17, 2024): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/tb2024-3-92.
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The diagnosis of food allergies significantly impacts the lives of patients and their families, restricting diets and social activities. A misdiagnosis can lead to severe allergic reactions, making accurate diagnosis crucial. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies are diagnosed using skin tests or serum-specific IgE levels. However, for most allergens, the only reliable method for confirming the diagnosis remains the oral food challenge (OFC). Objective — elucidation of the importance of oral provocation tests in the diagnosis of food allergy and their relevance for the future treatment of food allergy. Materials and methods. A search for information on OFC was conducted in scientometric databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and PubMed using the following keywords: «food allergy», «oral food challenge», «children». After reviewing the publications, professional sources that met the query criteria and were published between 2017 and 2024 were selected for the review. Results and discussion. OFCs help determine allergen sensitivity and reaction severity, which is useful for further management. They also have therapeutic value, reducing anxiety related to food allergies and improving quality of life. Psychological aspects play an important role in food allergies, as the fear of severe reactions often exceeds actual risks.One limitation of OFCs is the need for substantial resources and specialized knowledge, available only in specialized medical centers. This leads to long waiting lists and delays in food introduction, increasing the risk of developing allergies. Additionally, OFCs are often conducted in controlled environments, which may not reflect real-world accidental exposures.OFC results can include false positives, false negatives, and inconclusive outcomes. They are also time-consuming and may affect school or work attendance for patients and caregivers. It is essential to standardize doses for each food according to portion sizes and patient age. Conclusions. The frequency of food allergies is currently increasing in Ukraine, highlighting the need for allergists to master the technique and implement oral food challenges in general allergy practice to establish food allergies in children.
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JANIA, BARTOSZ, MARTA DOPIERAŁA, EWA WÓJCIK, KATARZYNA RYMUZA, and KATARZYNA ANDRASZEK. "IgE-dependent reactivity of canine sera from three regions of Poland." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 06 (2020): 6410–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6410.
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Allergies in dogs have become a relatively frequent topic of discussion in veterinary surgeries. Many dogs, both purebred and of mixed breeds, are diagnosed for allergies. Allergies have many causes, from genetic predisposition to the environmental conditions in which the animal lives. Allergies in dogs are troublesome because they can lead to serious health complications when diagnosed late or left untreated. The results of the study support the hypothesis that the percentage of allergies to individual allergens varied by region (Tab. 4). Differences were observed in the case of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mites, Acarus siro, and Tyrophagus. The remaining allergens caused allergic reactions in similar percentages of dogs from northern, central and southern Poland.
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Ownby, Dennis, and Christine Cole Johnson. "Recent Understandings of Pet Allergies." F1000Research 5 (January 27, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7044.1.
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Allergic reactions to pets have been recognized for at least a hundred years. Yet our understanding of the effects of all of the interactions between pet exposures and human immune responses continues to grow. Allergists, epidemiologists, and immunologists have spent years trying to better understand how exposures to pet allergens lead to allergic sensitization (the production of allergen-specific immunoglobulin class E [IgE] antibodies) and subsequent allergic disease. A major new development in this understanding is the recognition that pet exposures consist of not only allergen exposures but also changes in microbial exposures. Exposures to certain pet-associated microbes, especially in the neonatal period, appear to be able to dramatically alter how a child’s immune system develops and this in turn reduces the risk of allergic sensitization and disease. An exciting challenge in the next few years will be to see whether these changes can be developed into a realistic preventative strategy with the expectation of significantly reducing allergic disease, especially asthma.
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Dr. Mayank Surana, Dr. Vineeta Pande, Dr. Sharad Agarkhedkar, and Dr. Ajit Teegala. "Correlation between Total Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) in Allergic Diseases In Children." VIMS Health Science Journal 7, no. 1 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.7102.
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Allergy, is a clinical expression of soluble factors like IgE, histamine or eosinophils found in serum or plasma of such patients. The products that are responsible for allergy are called as Allergens. Allergens normally induce IgE production which leads to type 1 hypersensitivity response on subsequent exposure to the same allergen. The target organs are mostly nose, lung, skin and gastrointestinal tract. Atopy is also considered as a triad of Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Raised serum IgE and AEC are proven indicators of allergic phenomenon. Various studies show relationship between serum Immunoglobulin E level and total eosinophil count in population suffering from allergic diseases. Serum total Immunoglobulin E, total eosinophil count and specific IgE are all helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. Objectives: 1.To Evaluate Serum Total IgE level in Children with allergic diseases.2. To Evaluate Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) in children with allergic diseases.3. To Correlate Serum Total Immunoglobulin E Level and Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) with allergic diseases. Methodology: Cross sectional study with 100 children in the age group 2-12 years with nasopharyngeal allergies (like bronchial asthma and atopic rhinitis) and skin allergies (like atopic dermatitis, urticaria) ,eye allergies were enrolled and serum IgE levels and AEC levels was done. Results: In present study Absolute eosinophil count was raised in 58% of cases Serum IgE was raised in 54% of cases. In present study, of 58% cases with raised Absolute eosinophil count 81% (47 cases) showed raised serum IgE levels. Conclusion: Absolute eosinophil count and serum Total IgE has been considered as a significant marker of allergic state and can be used as a marker of allergic response in atopic individuals. Raised serum IgE and AEC are more in nasobronchial allergy as compare to other systemic allergies. The elevated level of serum Total IgE and Absolute Eosinophil Count both shows Significant Correlation thus can be considered as a dependable laboratory investigation in diagnosing and categorizing allergic diseases.
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Vininski, McKenna S., Sunanda Rajput, Nicholas J. Hobbs, and Joseph J. Dolence. "Understanding sex differences in the allergic immune response to food." AIMS Allergy and Immunology 6, no. 3 (2022): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2022009.
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<abstract> <p>Food allergies are of great public health concern due to their rising prevalence. Our understanding of how the immune system reacts to food remains incomplete. Allergic responses vary between individuals with food allergies. This variability could be caused by genetic, environmental, hormonal, or metabolic factors that impact immune responses mounted against allergens found in foods. Peanut (PN) allergy is one of the most severe and persistent of food allergies, warranting examination into how sensitization occurs to drive IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In recent years, much has been learned about the mechanisms behind the initiation of IgE-mediated food allergies, but additional questions remain. One unresolved issue is whether sex hormones impact the development of food allergies. Sex differences are known to exist in other allergic diseases, so this poses the question about whether the same phenomenon is occurring in food allergies. Studies show that females exhibit a higher prevalence of atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma and eczema, relative to males. Discovering such sex differences in allergic diseases provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of how hormones influence the development of IgE-mediated reactions to foods. Analysis of existing food allergy demographics found that they occur more frequently in male children and adult females, which is comparable to allergic asthma. This paper reviews existing allergic mechanisms, sensitization routes, as well as how sex hormones may play a role in how the immune system reacts to common food allergens such as PN.</p> </abstract>
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Seidler, Clarissa A., Ricarda Zeindl, Monica L. Fernández-Quintero, Martin Tollinger, and Klaus R. Liedl. "Allergenicity and Conformational Diversity of Allergens." Allergies 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/allergies4010001.
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Allergens are substances that cause abnormal immune responses and can originate from various sources. IgE-mediated allergies are one of the most common and severe types of allergies, affecting more than 20% of the population in Western countries. Allergens can be subdivided into a limited number of families based on their structure, but this does not necessarily indicate the origin or the route of administration of the allergen, nor is the molecular basis of allergenicity clearly understood. This review examines how understanding the allergenicity of proteins involves their structural characterization and elucidates the study of conformational diversity by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This article also discusses allergen cross-reactivity and the mechanisms by which IgE antibodies recognize and bind to allergens based on their conformational and linear epitopes. In addition, we outline how the pH, the proteolytic susceptibility and the endosomal degradation affect the outcome of allergic reactions, and how this is correlated with conformational changes and secondary structure rearrangement events. We want to emphasize the importance of considering structural diversity and dynamics, proteolytic susceptibility and pH-dependent factors to fully comprehend allergenicity.
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Ban-Cucerzan, Alexandra, Diana Obistioiu, Kalman Imre, et al. "Serological Investigations on Environmental Allergens Triggering Allergic Dermatitis in Dogs from Western Romania." Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 4 (2025): 337. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040337.
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This study focused on identifying the environmental allergens causing allergic dermatitis in 250 dogs from Western Romania. Among the 250 dogs tested, 43% (107) exhibited significant allergic reactions (IgE levels greater than 2 kU/L), particularly in Maltese, French Bulldogs, Golden Retrievers, and West Highland White Terriers. The highest reactivity was observed to house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, 91%), rye pollen (45%), and flea allergen Ctef 1 (15%). Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations between breed, sex, and living environment. Males exhibited a higher susceptibility to allergies (p < 0.001), whereas dogs that spent most of their time indoors were significantly more susceptible to allergic diseases than their mostly outdoors counterparts (p < 0.05). Additionally, dogs under two years old, especially those on a dry food diet, had an elevated risk of developing allergies (p < 0.01). Clinical manifestations included pruritus (60%), otitis externa (42%), and specific skin lesions (66%). The study underscores the role of environmental and dietary factors in the development of allergies in dogs. However, financial limitations related to allergy testing kits restricted the sample size, highlighting the need for further, more comprehensive research to enhance the generalizability of these findings.
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Al-Tamemi, Salem, Shafiq-Ur-Rehman Naseem, Munira Tufail-Alrahman, Mahmood Al-Kindi, and Jalila Alshekaili. "Food Allergen Sensitisation Patterns in Omani Patients with Allergic Manifestations." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 18, no. 4 (2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2018.18.04.009.
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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between food allergen sensitisation patterns and allergic manifestations in Omani patients and highlight the importance of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients referred due to allergic manifestations to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman, from November 2012 to November 2016. Specific IgE blood testing was performed to determine sensitisation to common foods known to cause allergic reactions. Results: A total of 164 patients were referred to SQUH over the study period, with 35.4% presenting with one allergic manifestation, 48.8% with 2–3 and 15.9% presenting with more than three manifestations. There was a familyhistory of allergies in 70.7% of patients. Eosinophil counts and total and specific IgE levels were elevated in 18.9%, 54.9% and 73.2% of patients, respectively. Patients demonstrated sensitisation to cow milk (47.6%), wheat (41.5%),chicken eggs (34.8%), mixed tree nuts (34.1%), lentils (33.5%), peanuts (32.9%), soy (32.3%), shrimp (23.2%) and fish (15.2%). Overall, 19.5% were sensitised to a single allergen, 14% were sensitised to 2–3 and 39.6% were sensitised to more than three allergens. Almost one-third (29.3%) of patients suffered from food-induced anaphylaxis, of which 85.4% were prescribed self-injectable adrenaline. Conclusion: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to describe food allergen sensitisation patterns among Omani patients with allergic manifestations. In conjunction with clinical symptoms, the correct interpretation of specific IgE levels is important to diagnose food allergies and make safe decisions about reintroducing foods.Keywords: Hypersensitivity; Food Allergies; Anaphylaxis; Urticaria; Atopic Dermatitis; Asthma; Immunoglobulin E; Oman.
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Cunico, Daniela, Giuliana Giannì, Sara Scavone, Enrico Vito Buono, and Carlo Caffarelli. "The Relationship Between Asthma and Food Allergies in Children." Children 11, no. 11 (2024): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11111295.
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Asthma and food allergy are two complex allergic diseases with an increasing prevalence in childhood. They share risk factors, including atopic family history, atopic dermatitis, allergen sensitization, and T2 inflammatory pathways. Several studies have shown that in children with a food allergy, the risk of developing asthma, particularly in early childhood, is high. Food allergen intake or the inhalation of aerosolized allergens can induce respiratory symptoms such as bronchospasm. Patients with both conditions have an increased risk of severe asthma exacerbations, hospitalization, and mortality. The current management of clinical food hypersensitivity primarily involves the dietary avoidance of food allergens and the use of self-injectable adrenaline for severe reactions. Poorly controlled asthma limits the prescription of oral immunotherapy to foods, which has emerged as an alternative therapy for managing food allergies. Biological therapies that are effective in severe asthma have been explored for treating food allergies. Omalizumab improves asthma control and, either alone or in combination with oral immunotherapy, increases the threshold of allergen tolerance. Understanding the interplay between asthma and food allergy is crucial for developing successful treatment approaches and ameliorating patient results.
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Dange, Hemalata, Rupali Patil, and Chandrashekhar Upasani. "A Clinical Study of Allergy and COPD Correlation With Spirometric and FENO Evaluation." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 34, Special Vo (2023): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v34spl.013.
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Occurrence of allergies & asthma increased in India and may be the top public health concern. The risk of allergies and other allergic diseases might grow with on-going exposure to allergens. There are various unusual allergies, including natural rubber latex, pollen, dust, medications (including antibiotics), food, fungus spores, insect and mite excrement, insect bites and stings (and their venom). The not unusual allergens which might be chargeable for respiratory troubles have been diagnosed after a sincere attempt. A take-look study was conducted on one hundred fifteen patients to assess hypersensitivity and COPD correlation. Their medical histories have been accrued to examine whether or not they were exposed to unique allergens or no longer in the past. All the individuals underwent a Skin Prick Test (SPT) with selected allergens to assess allergens exposure. Patient's Spirometry and FENO check statistics were collected for COPD prognosis. Most COPD patients showed mild to extreme allergic reactions to various allergens.
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Boudinar, Lise, Damien Offner, and Sophie Jung. "Occupational Allergies in Dentistry: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of French Dentists." Oral 1, no. 2 (2021): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oral1020014.
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Background: Dentists have a high risk of developing occupational allergies due to their repeated exposure to many professional allergens. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess occupation-related allergies in a group of French dentists and to determine the main associated risk factors. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire about allergies, particularly occupational allergies, was published online in a private group dedicated to French dentists. Results: Data from 584 French dentists were collected; 50.3% of the respondents presented allergies and 13.4% presented occupation-related allergies. Regarding professional allergens, natural rubber latex, cleaning products, and resins were the most frequently incriminated substances. Temporary interruption of activity was reported by 10.3% of individuals suffering from occupational allergies. Almost 65% of them used different reliever medications for the management of acute exacerbations, but maintenance treatment was implemented in only 34.6% of cases. Having a general allergy was the first predictor of occupational allergies with an odds ratio of 7.49. Conclusions: The frequency and the impact of occupational allergies were significant among our study population of French dentists, particularly in those with an associated allergic background. Education and prevention programs are key measures to minimize risk.
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HOVORUSHCHENKO, Tetiana, Yevhen VOEVUDSKYI, Oleksii IVANOV, and Oleg VOICHUR. "CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE ENVIRONMENT FOR ALLERGENS USING GEOLOCATION DATA." Computer systems and information technologies, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2024-1-15.
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The task of creating a cyber-physical system for monitoring the environment for allergens is relevant. Therefore, our study is devoted to the development of a method and a cyber-physical system for monitoring the environment for allergens using geolocation data. The developed cyber-physical system for monitoring the environment for allergens not only uses the available information on the activity of pollen sources in a given region, but also measures the concentration of pollen in the air in real time, which helps to monitor the level of pollen in the region where the user is located, and, taking into account the user's geolocation data, provides him with useful information for route planning to avoid staying in high-risk areas. Collecting and analyzing geolocation data allows you to track changes in the distribution of allergens over time and in space. This can be useful for understanding trends in allergenic reactions and for developing effective allergy management strategies. The cyber-physical system for monitoring the environment for allergens is useful for people with allergies by providing them with accessible and up-to-date information about the environment and the risks of allergic reactions, allowing them to better plan their activities and avoid areas with high levels of plant pollen concentration. Such a cyber-physical system enables an individualized approach to each user, taking into account their unique problems by performing allergen filtering. This allows for effective and personalized allergy management solutions. The proposed cyber-physical system can create a valuable database with allergic reactions and predictions that will be used to improve the methods of diagnosis, treatment and management of allergies. The proposed cyber-physical system can be used for global monitoring of pollen and allergen levels in different parts of the world. This will allow us to identify global trends in the distribution of allergens and develop effective strategies for managing allergies at the global level.
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Barni, Simona, Giulia Liccioli, Lucrezia Sarti, Mattia Giovannini, Elio Novembre, and Francesca Mori. "Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-Mediated Food Allergy in Children: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management." Medicina 56, no. 3 (2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56030111.
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A food allergy is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitive reaction to food, which consists in the appearance of allergic symptoms; it can vary from common urticaria to even fatal anaphylaxis. The prevalence of food allergies has been increasing in the past twenty years and it represents a major public health problem in industrialized countries. The mechanism that leads to food allergies is the lack of immunologic and clinical tolerance to food allergens. The diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergies is based on the combined use of a detailed medical history, in-vivo, and in-vitro research of specific IgE, the elimination diet, and the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge. The only currently available treatment for allergies is the strict elimination diet. This type of attitude, which we could define as “passive”, does not overcome the risk of accidental reactions due to involuntary intake of the culprit food. For food allergy management, an “active” approach is urgently needed, such as specific allergen immunotherapy, which is currently under development and only used for research purposes. This article aims to give an updated review of IgE-mediated food allergies in pediatric populations in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and management.
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Vejin, Rada, Damir Hodzic, Jelena Gudelj-Rakic, and Jelena Ilic-Zivojinovic. "Frequency of clinical manifestations of nutritional allergies in preschool children." Hrana i ishrana 65, no. 2 (2024): 24–29. https://doi.org/10.5937/hraish2402024v.
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The aim of the study is to assess the frequency of clinical manifestations of nutritional allergies. This research was designed as a cross-sectional study conducted in the preschool institution "Dr Sima Milosevic". A specially created questionnaire for parents was used for the research. The questionnaire collected data that may have a direct or indirect significance on the occurrence of nutritional allergies. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used in statistical data processing. Of the total number of children, 41 children, or 1% of children, have nutritional allergies. The most common symptoms are related to skin changes (53.7%), changes on the lips (22%) and diarrhea (17.1%). Most children, 92.7%, do not have an anaphylactic manifestation of allergy, while 7.3% have an anaphylactic manifestation of allergy. Two children are allergic to eggs and have an anaphylactic manifestation of allergy, and one child is allergic to peanuts. Most children (11) who are allergic to milk have skin changes, i.e. atopic dermatitis, four children have changes on the lips, and four children have problems with the digestive tract, i.e. diarrhea. Three children who are allergic to wheat flour only have digestive tract symptoms, i.e. diarrhea. Early detection of nutritional allergies and preventive measures that are applied to reduce exposure to allergens by implementing an elimination diet and avoiding allergens from the environment can mitigate the consequences of nutritional allergies.
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Riabova, K. A., E. M. Kozlov, D. R. Trifonova, et al. "Allergen chip in molecular diagnostic: from cohort analysis to personalized patient care." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 24, no. 1 (2025): 10–26. https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2025-24-1-10-26.
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Background. The allergic diseases are growing everywhere. The exact diagnosis of allergens becomes more and more critical because it significantly affects the further treatment of the patient, including the question about using the allergen-specific immunotherapy. There are several laboratory and instrumental allergic tests among which the skin tests are the most available. Despite its low cost, this method is characterized by a large percentage of false-positive and, more importantly, false-negative results. In addition, the allergens that can be detected by skin tests are limited.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy of allergen chips from different manufacturers and to evaluate their applicability in the molecular diagnosis of allergic diseases.Results. ImmunoCAP ISAC and Allergy Explorer (ALEX) tests are gradually occupying their niche in the molecular diagnosis of allergic diseases. Both methods have their benefits and disadvantages. The high cost and difficulties in supplying foreign materials sharply limit the widespread use of allergy profiles in Russia. On the other hand, personalized medicine requires doctors to have a patient-centered care, which is completed using existing diagnostic tools. The allergy panels for various regions of Russia can solve this problem. Identifying the most common clinically significant molecules in each region will enable more accurate diagnosis of allergies and personalized patient treatment. This will improve medical care quality and increase therapy effectiveness.Conclusion. Developing and implementing new diagnostic methods and creating allergen panels optimal for each region are important steps towards improving the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. These measures will help clinicians more accurately identify relevant allergens and develop individual treatment plans for each patient, ultimately leading to better public health and lower economic costs for treating allergies.
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Nanda, Manpreet S., and Rama Devi. "Seasonal variation of allergy profile of patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 1 (2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185079.
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Background: Allergic diseases are very common and are caused by allergen whose role varies according to climate changes. Not many studies are available regarding the same in our region. Skin prick test is a diagnostic procedure for allergy testing. The aim of the present study was to find out the seasonal variation of different allergies in our region.Methods: A total of 686 patients with allergic complaints were assessed for age and sex distribution, seasonal variation of number of allergy patients and seasonal variation of patient symptoms. 608 patients who gave consent and were found fit for skin prick tests underwent the tests and were analysed for allergy profile of the patients in different seasons.Results: The majority of patients were females and of younger age group. The majority of the patients had nasal symptoms and these symptoms were more in summer and rainy season during which pine mix and grass pollen were common allergens. Pulmonary symptoms were maximum in winters with dust mite and moulds being the common allergens. Dust mite was overall the most common allergen involved. Sensitization to allergens was less in winter months.Conclusions: This study focussed on seasonal variation of allergies and found pine mix and grass pollens to be major cause of nasal allergy and dust mite and mould mix to mainly cause pulmonary symptoms.
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Rowane, Marija, Ryan Shilian, Devi K. Jhaveri, Haig H. Tcheurekdjian, Theordore H. Sher, and Robert Hostoffer. "Familial Success in Allergen Desensitization." Allergy & Rhinology 10 (January 2019): 215265671989031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2152656719890315.
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Introduction Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widely prevalent immunoglobulin E-mediated inflammatory nasal condition resulting from reexposure to an allergen in a sensitized individual. The genetic associations behind AR and other allergic conditions have been studied. However, familial success with AR therapies, specifically allergen desensitization through subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), has never been reported in the literature. Pharmocogenetics has been gradually applied to link heritable genetic variants with drug responses, such as intergenic region variants APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C and β2-adrenergic receptor and glycoprotein ADAM33 polymorphisms as predictive biomarkers for biologic treatment response in asthma. We provide the first reported survey of familial success with SCIT. Methods We administered a month-long, institutional review board-approved (20190493) questionnaire to 200 adult patients receiving SCIT in a suburban allergy/immunology practice. The anonymous survey inquired about demographics, target allergens for their SCIT, current symptom improvement on SCIT, and family history of allergies and SCIT management. Results Twenty-six percent (52 of 200, 26%) SCIT patients reported familial success with the same allergy treatment modality. AR diagnosis and symptom improvement from SCIT was similar among previous/same (18 of 52, 38%; 26 of 52, 54%) and subsequent (10 of 52, 21%; 19 of 52, 40%) generations of family members. A combination of seasonal and perennial allergies was most prevalent (81%) among this population. Conclusion In a subpopulation of SCIT patients, there appears to be a familial success rate with this allergen desensitization treatment. This is the first reported pharmocogenetic evidence of assessing hereditary influence on effective AR therapy. Understanding pharmacogenetic associations involved with SCIT may improve allergists’ recommendations for this treatment option.
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Allа, Shlianina, Shelyuk Iryna, Mulenko Svitlana, and Shemet Olena. "The role of educational work in educational institutions in order to prevent the influence of harmful factors on the human body." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 6 (45) (November 30, 2021): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2021.249006.
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The growing number of allergic diseases among people is a global problem.The article considers the role of educa-tional work among students as an important component of knowledge formation about the causes of allergic diseases, prevention methods and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It is established,that this problem is relevant in the world and requires the introduction of a system of measures to overcome it. The prevalence of allergic diseases hastripled in the last 10 years and to date allergies have reached pandemic proportions. The stages of allergic reactions and possible causes of allergic diseases (genetic, environmental, social) are indicated. The result of immunodeficiency as a result of allergies is the development of various complications or chronic diseases that can lead to disability and even death. The complex epidemiological situation in the world with a large increase in the number of allergic diseases requires con-stant monitoring tounderstand current trends. It is taken into account,that there are no statistical data on the level of prevalence of allergic diseases among the population of Ukraine, the study of epidemiological and preventive areas is relevant.The problem of allergicmanifestations was considered among the applicants for education of Zhytomyr Pharmaceuti-cal Basic Vocational College. It has been found, that students of the college already have certain professional compe-tencies: demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the concept of "allergy", the manifestation of allergies, treat the causes and ways of the disease, methods of diagnosing allergens, are informed about historical aspects of disease recognition.It has been proven,that issues,related to allergies,worry students because of the causes of their allergic reactions and diseases. It hasbeenfound,that students want to continue to receive and deepen modern knowledge on prevention, causes and types of allergic manifestations and ways to eliminate them. As a result of the analysis the actual questions of students and the necessary answer to them, teachers and specialists-allergists have beenrevealed.The importance of information work among applicants for pharmaceutical education, which in their daily work will constantly use toxic substances, drugs and cosmetics that contain substances –allergens, has been traced.Substantiation of the need to develop effective systems of actions for prevention, diagnosis and provision of treatment and prevention care to the populationhas been presented
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Munthiu, Sandra‑Cristina. "Pork-cat syndrome." Alergologia 3, no. 1 (2023): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/aler.7.3.2023.8794.
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Meat allergy used to be considered a rare hypersensitivity reaction, but case reports of mammalian and poultry meat allergies became more common about 20 years ago. Allergies to pets such as cats (Felis domesticus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) are the second most common indoor allergic reactions in Western countries, affecting both adults and children. An important step in fur allergy diagnosis has been the introduction of molecular allergen-based diagnosis, which offers new opportunities for improved allergen characterization. An example of these new characterizations is the meat reactions of patients suffering from pork-cat syndrome. Patients with this syndrome sensitized to albumin from animal epithelia report symptoms after eating pork because there is cross-reactivity to albumins from different species. The management of a patient with an allergic condition to fur-bearing animals includes a detailed history of exposure to relevant allergens, the effect of exposure on symptoms and subsequent recommendations for controlled exposure, and in the case of pig-cat syndrome, the patient can tolerate well-cooked red meat, but not the insufficiently prepared one.