Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alliage 2024'
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Giffard, Kévin. "Etude des mécanismes de colmatage de films anodiques sur alliage d'aluminium aéronautique 2024." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30319/document.
Full textAluminum alloys used in the aeronautic field are subject to corrosion. Sealed anodic films act as an efficient solution for the protection of aircraft parts, sealing using hexavalent chromium salts providing the best anticorrosion behavior so far. However, REACH environmental law leads to totally ban chromium (VI) based compounds which are CMR, thus forcing surface finishers to develop new alternative processes. A review has firstly shown that existing processes are mainly empirical and sealing mechanisms are far from being fully understood. So, this thesis aims at identifying sealing key factors that especially drive solvent and penetration into pores of the porous anodic film. Secondly, chemical and microstructural characteristics of unsealed anodic film have been widely studied, especially using innovative techniques. For instance, tortuosity was quantitatively evaluated for the first time, by FEG-SEM and BET analysis, as a function of the alloy nature, while wettability measurements have revealed that a high tortuosity limits water penetration during sealing. Surface charges characterization has also highlighted that working in acidic conditions has usually an adverse effect on interactions between film and cations, except for a special pH value for which global charge becomes zero. Thirdly chemical composition, superficial charges and morphology modifications of the coatings have been studied at each step of sealing, allowing to propose reactional mechanisms. In particular, it is only after the second step of the new sealing process, that the coating becomes an effective barrier against aggressive electrolyte. Finally, the impact of the different sealing treatments on corrosion, fatigue and fatigue-corrosion behaviors has been pointed out
Bron, Frédéric. "Déchirure ductile des tôles minces en alliage d'aluminium 2024 pour application aéronautique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161432.
Full textUn nouveau critère de plasticité anisotrope est spécifiquement développé. Il s'agit d'une extension du critère de Karafillis et Boyce (1993). Le modèle est appliqué à deux nuances dont la teneur en particules intermétalliques est différente. Les paramètres sont ajustés sur de petites éprouvettes pour le matériau à haute pureté. La transférabilité est vérifiée sur les grands panneaux M(T). Le transfert vers le matériau ayant la plus forte teneur en particules intermétalliques est fait en modifiant la taille de maille dans le même rapport que l'espacement inter-particules. Le modèle est utilisé comme un outil numérique afin d'étudier les effets de la loi d'écrouissage, d'une pré-traction ou de l'anisotropie plastique sur la résistance à la propagation de fissure. Il est alors possible de proposer des voies d'amélioration du matériau.
Bron, Frédéric Charles André. "Déchirure ductile des tôles minces en alliage d'aluminium 2024 pour application aéronautique." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1207.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to develop a finite element simulation of ductile tearing of thin sheets in 2024 aluminum alloy. The method is based on the local approach to fracture. Metallurgical observations indicate two rupture mechanisms. If hydrostatic pressure is high, rupture arises by internal necking. In the opposite case, rupture arises by localization of deformation into a 45 degree slanted band. In Kahn and M(T) cracking samples, rupture mechanisms are identical. The simulations are based on an extension of the Rousselier model which includes the description of plastic anisotropy and void nucleation. A new anisotropic yield function is specifically developed. It is an extension of the yield function of Karafillis and Boyce (1993). The model is applied to two grades which have different volume fractions of intermetallic particles. The parameters are adjusted in the case of the high purity material on small specimens. The transferability is checked on large M(T) panels. The transfer to the material containing the highest amount of intermetallic particles is made by modifying the mesh size according to the ratio of the particle mean spacing. The model is used as a numerical tool to investigate the effects of plastic hardening, prestraining and plastic anisotropy on crack growth resistance. It is then possible to give guidelines for material improvement
Larignon, Céline. "Mécanismes d'endommagement par corrosion et vieillissement microstructural d'éléments de structure d'aéronef en alliage d'aluminium 2024-T351." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/6994/1/larignon_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textAugustin, Christel. "Prévision des cinétiques de propagation de défauts de corrosion affectant les structures en alliage d'aluminium 2024." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7791/1/augustin1.pdf.
Full textVerdalet-Guardiola, Xavier. "Réactivité dans les bains de prétraitement et mécanismes de croissance des couches de conversion au chrome trivalent sur un alliage d'aluminium 2024." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30023.
Full textHexavalent chromium, one of the main components of the chemical conversion coatings on the market, will be banned by European REACh regulations from 2024. From several years, manufacturers in the aeronautical sector have been developing substitution solutions based on trivalent chromium. These solutions with promising anti-corrosion properties as compared to hexavalent chromium are less toxic and less harmful to the environment than hexavalent chromium. However, the deployment of the CrIII conversion coatings to the industrial scale highlighted a higher sensitivity of these processes, as compared to the CrVI solutions, to the surface properties of the aluminium alloys. This work aims at improving the robustness of the trivalent chromium conversion process of the aluminium alloys by identifying the first order parameters controlling the anticorrosion performances of the conversion coatings. For that purpose, elements of understanding concerning the surface modifications caused by the surface preparation as well as data on the mechanisms of growth of the coating were brought. The thesis work was carried out on aluminium alloy 2024, which is widely used in the aeronautical field. Various alloy batches, surface states and metallurgical states were considered in order to determine the impact of alloy metallurgy on the surface properties after surface preparation as well as on the anticorrosive properties of the coating. The study of the reactivity of the alloy in the chemical conversion bath gave relevant data on the mechanisms of nucleation and growth of the conversion layer. As a result, a model for the formation of the conversion coating for 2024-T3 alloy was proposed
Le, Thi My Linh. "Simulation de l'effet du confinement sur l'endommagement d'un assemblage en alliage d'aluminium." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS048.
Full textFor aircraft structures, corrosion sensitive areas are mainly those where the protection of the structure may suffer local breakdowns, as encountered inside lap joints. The assemblies of metal plates by overlapping (riveting) may present some defects in contact and consequently a gap can exist between the two parts of the assembly. Typically this gap is isolated from the outside environment by a sealant. But there is a risk of trapping of moisture more or less concentrated in aggressive ions which can induce corrosion or increase the damages initiated on coating defects. The first objective of this thesis is to develop a methodology to reproduce in a controlled manner and in the most representative way regarding actual cases, the corrosion of a lap joint made of aluminum alloy 2024- T3 plates, to perform not only observations but also chemical and electrochemical measurements. The second objective is to test the application of reactive transport models (in confined media) to check if it is possible to simulate the chemical or electrochemical changes recorded during experiments and thus to predict the long-term evolution of lap-joint in humid environment
Amand, Sylvain. "Etude par spectroscopies d'impédance électrochimique globale et locale d'une monocouche hybride organique-inorganique respectueuse de l'environnement pour la protection contre la corrosion de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0025/document.
Full textThe use of sol-gel coatings for the protection against the corrosion of metals is an alternative to chrome-based treatments, banned for the industry for their high toxicity. This work is based on the characterisation of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings, filled with non-toxic corrosion inhibitors, for the protection against the corrosion of aluminium alloy 2024. First, the characterisation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of different, relatively porous coatings, allowed the investigation of the influence of thickness, drying temperature, silane hydrolysis, and the silane/amine ratio on the coating performances, in particular the barrier properties. Then, the addition of an epoxy compound in the formulation allowed a significant increase in the film barrier properties. The impedance diagrams show a frequency dispersion, expressed in terms of a constant phase element (CPE), both in the high and low frequency range. In the high frequency range, this behaviour was analyzed using a model that allows obtaining resistivity profiles in the thickness of the coating and with immersion time. This model is applied for the first time to study coatings. Different corrosion inhibitors were then incorporated in coatings of different porosity. The action of the inhibitors was heightened when they are incorporated in a porous coating. Nevertheless, in a dense coating, the performances towards corrosion are high
Billy, Fabien. "Vieillissement et propriétés résiduelles de matériaux issus du démantèlement d'avions en fin de vie." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824151.
Full textBonzom, Rémy. "Mesure des cinétiques de propagation de la corrosion intergranulaire de l’alliage d’aluminium 2024 : nouvelles approches expérimentales de l’endommagement en fonction des conditions environnementales." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK048/document.
Full textCosts of aeronautical maintenance can be reduced by implementation of “smart” inspection strategies integrating predictive data on the evolution of defects such as the propagation rate of intergranular corrosion.In this work, intergranular corrosion damage on 2024 aluminium alloy was characterized by two modes : the “perforating” damage (dissolution of the grain boundary tips) and the “blunting” damage (dissolution of the grain walls in the intergranular cavities). To evaluate the “perforating” damage, a new version of the TFP method (OTFP method) which is more complete, was designed. The OTFP method allows to detect all the intergranular corrosion defects and not only the fastest full penetrating grain boundary thanks to the optical nature of the detection. In this method the detection backside of the thin foil is free, which makes possible the collection of the trapped electrolyte in the intergranular cavities to carry out its chemical analysis. This not well-known data, was used to validate “mass-transport” models which could be implemented in predictive simulations considering the effect of the environmental conditions. The porosity inside the foil induced by the intergranular corrosion and enhanced by the “blunting” dissolution was followed in real-time by measuring the electrical conductivity using an eddy current probe.These methods were first calibrated in potentiostatic tests and then successfully applied to evaluate the intergranular corrosion damage in atmospheric corrosion conditions
Pauze, Nathalie. "Fatigue corrosion dans le sens travers court de tôles d'aluminium 2024-T351 présentant des défauts de corrosion localisée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359611.
Full textNous avons caractérisé la sensibilité de l'alliage 2024-T351 à la corrosion intergranulaire. Il se forme en 7h d'immersion dans NaCl 0.5 M un défaut semi-elliptique de 200 µm de profondeur. Puis la corrosion intergranulaire ralentit fortement.
Nous avons étudié les mécanismes de propagation en fatigue à partir de ces défauts, en particulier la transition entre la corrosion intergranulaire et les fissures transgranulaires courtes de fatigue. A chaque étape de l'endommagement, une estimation des cinétiques, du Delta-K et la morphologie des défauts sont données. Deux mécanismes ont été distingués : un mécanisme de corrosion sous contrainte (cyclique) intergranulaire et un mécanisme de fatigue corrosion transgranulaire. Un critère de transition est proposé
Stimpfling, Thomas. "Modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) platelets as corrosion inhibitors reservoirs dispersed into coating for aluminun alloy 2024." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22169.
Full textAluminum alloy 2024 is widely used in aircraft and automotive industry. Corrosion processes can provide irreversible damage on the metal substrate which could have a tragic issue in the aircraft domain. Thus, several coating layers have been applied on the metal substrate to prevent corrosion process. Since the beginning of the 20th century, hexavalent chromate compounds have been extensively used as corrosion inhibitor agents for paint, primer and conversion coating. The toxicity for human health and environment has led to replace such compounds. The literature has reported different possibilities to replace such unfriendly compounds. Moreover, the entrapment of corrosion inhibitors in nanocontainer provides a self-healing effect by releasing, on demand, the active species when damage occurs. This study focuses on Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) material as reservoir due to its exchange properties. This study has characterized several potential corrosion inhibitor molecules by DC-Polarization to determine the nature of the inhibitor compound (i.e. anodic, cathodic or both of them). Further, active anticorrosive species have been intercalated into LDH framework. Then, the release of inhibitor agents and their subsequent behaviour toward corrosion inhibition have been evaluated. Modified LDH materials have been further dispersed in the primer coating formulation and applied on aluminum alloys 2024 substrate. Corrosion inhibition has been followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments on scratched and unscratched panel which have permitted to evaluate the self-healing property of these modified LDH materials when damage occurs and the barrier property provided by the lamellar morphology of the inorganic reservoir that is found to decrease the permeation by enhancing the tortuosity of the coating layer towards aggressive species (i.e. water, O2, electrolyte) responsible of the blistering phenomenon
Even, Anaïs. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'inhibition de la corrosion dans le cadre de revêtements hybrides pour pièces aéronautiques." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS534.
Full textThe struggle against corrosion in the aeronautical industry is an ongoing challenge. To meet these requirements, the current system uses chromates with anticorrosive properties. However, these compounds are classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic. A non-toxic sol-gel/polymer hybrid coating has been developed to provide an alternative to the reference system. This coating is innovative in its application by spray and a one-step UV-curing polymerization. This system is complex and the understanding of the mechanisms involved in corrosion inhibition has been the subject of this thesis work. First, work conducted has allowed to highlight the passive protection of the coating and link its performance to the film structuration down to the nanoscale. Then, in case of damage to the coating, the active protection of the coating was studied. During solicitation of the coating, the active response of the corrosion inhibitor system was characterized by exposure to natural environment, supplemented by accelerated cyclic corrosion tests. This research work has shown that the action of a corrosion inhibitor is closely dependent on the matrix in which it is integrated. The coating matrix is closed and dense, providing a barrier effect, but reducing the mobility of active species when the substrate to be protected is exposed. These tests have shown that the hybrid coating provides superior protection in comparison with a non-chromatedcommercial paint
Kwak, Kwang Sub. "The United States-ROK alliance, 1953-2004 : alliance institutionalization /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1216749221&sid=17&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textFarcy, Laurence. "Étude comparative des mécanismes de fissuration dans deux alliages d'aluminium - 2024 et aluminium-lithium 2091." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD328.
Full textGuillaumin, Valérie. "Étude comparative de la sensibilité à la corrosion localisée des alliages d'aluminium 2024 et 6056." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT022C.
Full textDupont, François. "Aspects microstructural et mécanique des surfaces usinées en alliages d'aluminium 2024 et 7075 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=723.
Full textMorabito, Anna Eva. "Analyse thermomécanique des effets thermoélastiques et dissipatifs associés au comportement en fatigue de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 T3." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20183.
Full textBlanchard, Guillaume Loget Henri. "Le point en 2004 sur l'utilisation des alliages précieux en odontologie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/CDblanchard.pdf.
Full textAdiwijayanto, Florentinus. "Etude comparative des mécanismes de fissuration par fatigue des alliages d'aluminium 8090C T851 et 2024 T351." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2284.
Full textBlanc, Christine. "Etude comparative de la sensibilité à la germination et à la propagation des piqûres des alliages d'aluminium 2024 et 6056." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT008G.
Full textBoisier, Grégory Pébère Nadine. "Nouvelles voies d'inhibition de la corrosion de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 plus respectueuses de l'environnement applications aux couches d'anodisations colmatées /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000744.
Full textMoussaoui, Kamel. "Influence de l'usinage sur la durée de vie en fatigue de pièces aéronautiques en alliage de titane." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2064/.
Full textThe objective of this study is to describe the influence of machining life time of aircraft parts made of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) under fatigue. The proposed approach consists in three main steps. In the first step, we study the influence of machining on surface integrity. This is a multivariable and complex problem, and we used an experimental design to solve it. This method allowed to highlight the machining parameters influence on surface integrity. The second step aims at studying the influence of surface integrity on life time in fatigue. The dominant influence of residual surface stresses on fatigue life time was observed. Indeed, they seem to be a good indicator to predict and optimize the fatigue life time. The third stage aims at developing the articulation of the two previous steps to optimize fatigue life time from the machining parameters. Tests were conducted with optimized machining conditions. Life time in fatigue has been multiplied by a 2. 7 factor compared to standard industrial conditions. With this last step, we define a new machining strategy, against current trends, which is to achieve a single pass machining with a low cutting speed and a large axial depth of cut
Boisier, Grégory. "Nouvelles voies d'inhibition de la corrosion de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 plus respectueuses de l'environnement : applications aux couches d'anodisations colmatées." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000744/.
Full textThe development of free chromium (VI) surface treatments in the aeronautic industry is a recurring problem since long date. The present work was focussed on environmentally friendly new way of corrosion inhibition for the protection of 2024 aluminium alloy. Corrosion inhibitors were used as single or binary systems and were characterised by electrochemical techniques to evaluate the inhibitive efficiency and to determine the best combinations. The inhibitors were incorporated into the pores of the anodic films formed on AA2024 through the hydrothermal sealing process. It was shown that the organic inhibitors remained on the top of the anodic films whereas the inorganic were incorporated into the porous structure, but their healing action was limited close to defects. Finally, a surface treatment involving the use of carboxylic acid was proposed. It consisted in the formation of a hydrophobic coating on the anodic film surface which increased the corrosion resistance
Bellenger, Fabien. "Etude et contrôle de la corrosion feuilletante des alliages d'aluminium 2024 et 7449 par bruit électrochimique et émission acoustique : analyse microstructurale et caractérisation de l'endommagement." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0066/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the study and the characterization of the enfoliation corrosion of various laminated aluminium alloys (2024 and 7449) and the elaboration of a monitoring tool for this mode of degradation on structures. The degradation is characterized by acoustic emission and various electrochemical techniques, particularly electrochemical impedance and electrochemical noise measurements. Results are discussed in relation with the microstructure studied by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM=. Spectral density analysis of acoustic emission signals allows the detection, the monitoring and the characterization of enfoliation corrosion. The successive stages are observed on each tested material. 2024T3 alloy suffers a degradation largely related with stresses effects due to corrosion products. On contrary, 7449T6 alloy mainly suffers an intergranular electrochemical dissolution. The behaviour of the 7449T6 alloy is intermediate between both previous exposed. Electrochemical results confirm and complete those obtained by acoustic emission. Differences of comportment between the three studied materials are due to the more or less important competition between the electrochemical dissolution and the development of stresses of the corrosion products. These differences are interpreted considering the particular microstructural characteristics of each material (distribution of the intergranular precipitates, strength of the galvanic coupling between phases, influence of the local stresses)
Prieto, Yespica Wolfgang José. "Etude comparative du comportement électrochimique des alliages d'aluminium 2024 T351 et 7075 T7351 en milieu neutre de sulfate de sodium." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0054/document.
Full textThis work concerns the study of behavior the corrosion of two aluminum alloy: the alloy 2024 (AA 2024 T351) and 7075 (AA7075 T7351) and pure aluminum, used as reference, in a solution of 0.1 M Na2SO4 using electrochemical measurements (polarization curves, curves Levich and impedance spectroscopy) with rotating disk electrodes. Compared to published studies, quantitative data on the anodic and cathodic processes occurring on the two alloys were obtained. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the microstructural characterization of two alloys: size, chemical composition of precipitates and surface fraction occupied by the different phases. The second part presents the results of impedance obtained at the corrosion potential for different immersion times and different speeds. At this potential, the behavior of materials is mainly controlled by the passive film. The impedance diagrams exhibit a frequency dispersion, expressed in terms of "constant stage element (CPE)." This behavior was analyzed using a physical model which allows to show a distribution of resistivity in the thickness of oxide films. In the last part, special attention was paid to the analysis of the cathodic reaction on the surface of the two alloys that is causing their degradation. The oxygen reduction occurs mainly on the intermetallic particles. Surprisingly, the cathode current density is significantly lower for the alloy 7075 which has a greater surface area covered by the particles. It was shown that for 2024 alloy, the cathodic reaction is controlled by material transport by convective diffusion of small electrodes, while for the alloy AA 7075, most of the particles, very small, behaves as microelectrodes for which the current is set by the spherical diffusion, independent of the convection
Bonfils-Lahovary, Marie-Laëtitia de. "Endommagement en corrosion intergranulaire de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 : mécanismes et cinétiques de propagation." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19319/7/BonfilsLahovary.pdf.
Full textLê, Đưc Huy Daniel Philippe Laffez Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude structurale et vibrationnelle des couches minces de zircone ZrO2 déposées sur alliage Zy-4." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1021.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. en fin de chapitres.
Lê, Đưc Huy. "Contribution à l'étude structurale et vibrationnelle des couches minces de zircone ZrO2 déposées sur alliage Zy-4." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1021.pdf.
Full textLacroix, Loïc Baret-Blanc Christine Ressier Laurence. "Mécanismes de corrosion localisée de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 apport de la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) couplée au mode Kelvin (KFM) et des alliages modèles /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000842.
Full textDewobroto, Natanael. "Etude de l'évolution de texture lors de la recristallisation et de la croissance de grains d'alliages de titane et de zirconium." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Dewobroto.Natanael.SMZ0412.pdf.
Full textThe objective is to explain mechanisms leading to texture change during annealing for commercially pure Ti (T40) and a zirconium alloy (Zr702) by making relationships between phenomena occurred during deformation, recrystallization and grain growth. In this experimental study, X-Ray goniometry SEM-EBSD and TEM were used to give complete descriptions on microstructure and texture evolution from deformed state until grain growth stage. Texture evolution for both materials are similar during cold rolling and annealing. Texture changes mainly during grain growth. Recrystallization changes slightly the rolling texture (maxima at {Phi1=0° PHI Phi2=0°}. Different deformation behaviors of both materials during cold rolling give differences in recrystallization mechanisms. T40 and Zr702 showed a not oriented nucleation. The slight growth selection since recrystallization stage develops the texture component {Phi1=0° PHI Phi2=30°} which becomes main component at advanced stage of grain growth. T40 evolves by normal grain growth for annealing temperature at 600, 700 and 800°C. Grain growth kinetics parameters for T40 were determined. Zr702 showed lower grain growth kinetics due to precipitates which are also the responsible for abnormal grain growth when heat treatments were done for long time at 800°C
Lacroix, Loïc. "Mécanismes de corrosion localisée de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 : apport de la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) couplée au mode Kelvin (KFM) et des alliages modèles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7821/1/lacroix.pdf.
Full textTchitembo, Goma Franck Armel. "Comportement en fissuration par fatigue de l'alliage aéronautique 2099-T83 Al-Li." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30401/30401.pdf.
Full textIn service where climatic conditions vary, aircraft are constantly confronted to fluctuating loads that could damage the structure by fatigue crack growth (FCG). Also, as the weight savings of aircraft structures become a major environmental an economic challenge that aircraft manufacturers are required to meet, the use of light alloy combined with superior mechanical properties is required to meet this problematic. Among these alloys, the 2099-T83 aluminum lithium alloy was selected for use in the latest generation of aircrafts. The overall objective of this thesis was to study the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of aluminum- lithium 2099 - T83, taking into account the material processing history that depends on the extrusion aspect ratio (AR). In this regard, two profiles were investigated (an integrally stiffened panel and a cylindrical profile) from which metallurgical parameters (microstructure: the grain structure, the second phase particles/precipitates and crystallographic texture) of the alloy were first analyzed. In the integrally stiffened panel, fatigue crack growth tests were conducted in different environments [23°C with ~ 50% relative humidity (RH) and PH20 = 1.5 kPa; 23°C with ~ 0% RH and PH20 = 6.3 Pa and then -30°C ~ 18% RH and PH20 = 8.7 Pa]. The results of this study show that FCG rates (da/dN) correlate with the local extrusion aspect ratio (AR), as a result of the combined effects of both the grain structure and the crystallographic texture, regardless of the test temperature. The resistance to FCG increased with decreasing temperature, this effect being attributed to a decrease in humidity content in the studied temperature range. However, comparing the FCG rates generated at 23°C (0% RH and PH2O ~ 6.3 Pa) to those obtained at -30°C (18% RH and PH2O ~ 8.7 Pa), we believe that a residual effect of the temperature is still present, since the da /dN in the first environment are slightly higher than those in the latter environment. We also found that the effect of the temperature varies as a function of AR. The higher is AR, the less the fracture surfaces are rough and the easier they promote the migration of hydrogen contained in water vapor at the crack tip. In the cylindrical profile, only the tests at room temperature (~ 23°C and 50% RH) were performed in the LR (longitudinal) and CR (transverse) oriented specimens, and the results indicate an anisotropy of the FCG rates. These are lower in the LR direction in than in the CR direction. Furthermore, the morphology of the fracture surfaces also varies with the orientation of the plane of cracking. The fatigue crack growth mechanism that takes place is that associated with the change in crack propagation mode. Fatigue cracking mode was found to be intergranular in the CR orientation while the transgranular mode was observed in the LR orientation. Finaly, the fatigue cracking behavior of the studied alloy is controlled by the grain structure and crystallographic texture, two main parameters that are influenced by AR.
Radutoiu, Nicoleta. "Influence des traitements thermiques sur le comportement en corrosion à l'échelle locale de l'alliage d'aluminium en AW 2024." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17926/1/Radutoiu_N.pdf.
Full textBellenger, Fabien Idrissi Chbihi Hamzaoui Hassane Mazille Henri. "Etude et contrôle de la corrosion feuilletante des alliages d'aluminium 2024 et 7449 par bruit électrochimique et émission acoustique analyse microstructurale et caractérisation de l'endommagement /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/bellenger/index.html.
Full textKim, Heewon. "United Progressive Alliance (2004-14), equality of opportunity and Muslims : a paradigm shift or political pragmatism?" Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20395/.
Full textSuzon, Eric Pascal Grosdidier Thierry. "Influence de traitements thermomécaniques sur les textures, microstructures et propriétés élastiques d'un alliage Fe-40at.%AI à grains fins procédés d'élaboration & traitements de recristallisation statique /." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2004/Suzon.Eric.SMZ0418.pdf.
Full textSuzon, Eric. "Influence de traitements thermomécaniques sur les textures, microstructures et propriétés élastiques d'un alliage Fe-40at. %AI à grains fins : procédés d'élaboration & traitements de recristallisation statique." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Suzon.Eric.SMZ0418.pdf.
Full textThis thesis has been carried out to study the thermomechanical treatment effects on textures, microstructures and elastic properties of a fine grain ODS Fe-40at. %Al alloy obtained by consolidation of milled powder. Microstructure has been characterised by SEM and TEM. Textures have been measured by X-Ray Diffraction and by SEM associated with an EBSD system. The texture analysis formation has been completed by simulations using the Taylor model and the anisotropy of elastic properties has been characterised using the Hill model from the measured textures. The effect of several consolidation routes such as extrusion, axial compression and swaging at 1100ʿC is studied. The best Young modulus is obtained for an extruded bar axially compressed by 50% which has a double <110> and <111> fibre texture. The <110> component results from the extrusion and the <111> component from the axial compression and the partial dynamic recrystallization. The microstructure remains fine due to the action of the oxides particles which limit the dynamic recrystallization. The influence of a static recrystallization treatment is also studied. The critical strain to initiate recrystallization is 8% for 1000ʿC annealing treatments. The texture and microstructure of the extruded bar are significantly modified after 10% cold axial compression followed by annealing. A recrystallization kinetic study has allowed to notice that the two steps of the recrystallization - primary recrystallization and grain growth - lead to an anisotropy of the microstructure with large grains elongated in the bar axis. This elongated morphology is strongly connected with the oxides particles alignment in the bar axis. .
Monte, Josà Cleyton Vasconcelos. "Os caminhos do poder no CearÃ: a polÃtica de alianÃas nos governos Cid Gomes (2007-2014)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18869.
Full textA pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a polÃtica cearense contemporÃnea, enfatizando as estratÃgias acionadas pelo governador Cid Ferreira Gomes e seu grupo para construir e manter alianÃas polÃticas no estado do CearÃ, de 2007 a 2014. A tese divide-se em trÃs partes. Inicialmente, na parte I, destacam-se as prÃticas do grupo dos Ferreira Gomes e suas estratÃgias nas eleiÃÃes de 2006, 2010 e 2014, constituindo um novo e controverso ciclo polÃtico. Dialogando com a tese do âpresidencialismo de coalizÃoâ, na parte II, analisa-se a construÃÃo da base aliada dos governos Cid Gomes na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do CearÃ, abordando: os lÃderes e indicadores da coalizÃo, o processo orÃamentÃrio e as articulaÃÃes da oposiÃÃo. Na parte III, sÃo discutidas as aÃÃes administrativas dos governos Cid Gomes, traÃando paralelos com as gramÃticas polÃticas da Era das MudanÃas e do lulismo e apresentando o nÃcleo decisÃrio, as marcas de governo, os escÃndalos e a relaÃÃo com a sociedade civil. O grupo em questÃo ganhou forÃa e autonomia durante os governos de Cid Gomes, conquistou o apoio de uma ampla e heterogÃnea base aliada, aliou-se a importantes lideranÃas polÃticas, ligando-se ao fenÃmeno do lulismo. Esse leque de alianÃas teve inÃcio com as articulaÃÃes para as eleiÃÃes de 2006, ganhou forÃa ao compartilhar espaÃos com os aliados e trazer novos nomes para a composiÃÃo do governo, fortaleceu-se em 2010 e comeÃou a se fragmentar no pleito de 2014, sinalizando o desgaste desse ciclo polÃtico. Apesar da eclosÃo de vÃrios escÃndalos polÃticos, nÃo sofreu pressÃes significativas por parte do Legislativo e colocou em aÃÃo um grande e polÃmico programa de investimentos. O percurso metodolÃgico da pesquisa envolve a utilizaÃÃo da anÃlise de conjuntura, entrevistas, anÃlise documental e observaÃÃo sistemÃtica do cenÃrio polÃtico cearense. Acredita-se que, ao seguir os caminhos do poder de um grupo polÃtico, discute-se, na verdade, os percursos e impasses da democracia representativa.
The research aims to understand contemporary Cearà politics, emphasizing the strategies triggered by governor Cid Ferreira Gomes and his group to build and maintain political alliances in the state of Cearà from 2007 to 2014. The thesis is divided into three parts. Initially, part I highlights the practices of the Ferreira Gomes group and their strategies in the 2006, 2010 and 2014 elections, constituting a new and controversial political cycle. Speaking with the thesis of "coalition presidentialism", part II analyzes the construction of the allied base in the Cid Gomes governments in the Legislative Assembly of the State of CearÃ, addressing: the leaders and indicators of the coalition, the budget process and the articulations of the opposition. In part III, the administrative actions of the governments of Cid Gomes, drawing parallels with the political grammars of the Age of Changes and lulism, are discussed: the decision-making nucleus, the government marks, the scandals and the relation with civil society. The group in question gained strength and autonomy during the governments of Cid Gomes, won the support of a broad and heterogeneous allied base, allied with important political leaders, linking to the phenomenon of lulism. This range of alliances began with the articulations for the 2006 elections, gained strength by sharing spaces with allies and bringing new names to the composition of the government, strengthened in 2010 and began to fragment in the 2014 election, signaling the wear and tear of this political cycle. Despite the outbreak of several political scandals, it did not suffer significant pressure from the Legislature and put into action a large and controversial investment program. The methodological course of the research involves the use of conjuncture analysis, interviews, documentary analysis and systematic observation of the Cearà political scenario. It is believed that in following the paths of the power of a political group, the paths and impasses of representative democracy are in fact discussed.
Tang, Sui. "Étude de l'endommagement sous sollicitations monotone et cyclique de matériaux composites à matrices 2024 A1 et 2124 A1 renforcées par des fibres SiCw." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPI284.
Full textMeunier, Gisèle M. J. "L'influence de l'attachement, de la personnalité et de la symptomatologie sur l'alliance thérapeutique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44907.
Full textChong, Sandra Pow. "Political communication: a case study of the Democratic Alliance and its use of digital media in the 2014 South African General Elections." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11416.
Full textBrianas, Jason John. "NATO, Greece and the 2004 Summer Olympics." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FBrianas.pdf.
Full textFourmentin, Richard. "Modélisation thermodynamique du système Fe-Zn-Al-Cr à 460°C et son impact sur les procédés de galvanisation." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Fourmentin.pdf.
Full textMaldonado, Bodart Marcela, and Leyva Santos López. "The Vision of Development within a Global and Regional Context. Regionalism in the Pacific Alliance and the Latin American Integration Association, 2005-2014." UNIV ROSARIO, CENTRO ESTUDIOS POLITICOS & INT, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625396.
Full textVincent, Grégory. "Textures, microstructures et propriétés mécaniques d'alliages de zinc en feuillards et en revêtement." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Vincent.Gregory.SMZ0413.pdf.
Full textIn order to improve the cracking resistance, a new rolling process is explored for bulk zinc sheets and galvanized zinc sheets. It deals with asymmetrical rolling and asymmetrical skin-pass rolling. This type of rolling clearly changes dramatically the texture of zncuti whereas in the case of galvanized coating the texture is modified to a slight extent only. This is explained by the fact that the reduction ratio is large in rolling (ranging about 50%) whereas it is small in the skin-pass rolling (ranging about 2%). In this part results obtained by the simultaneous use of the taylor model for the prediction of textures, associated to the flow line model, are compared to the experimental results. The follow-up of the texture evolution during the deformation makes it possible to validate a posteriori the various assumptions made in the models of plasticity. In the last part, the study of the grain boundaries characteristics, in particular the misorientation through the grain boundary, completes the study of the mechanisms involved in the plastic deformation and cracking, in order to specify the role of the texture (intragranular cracking or cleavage are determined by grains orientation) and the grain boundaries characteristics (misorientation across grain boundary determining intergranular cracking). This study is carried out on zinc coatings in order to correlate cracking behaviors to the orientations and misorientations of grains
Kim, Hyun-Wook. "Critical junctures and alliance cohesion : the post-Cold War US-Korea and US-Japan alliances." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318340.
Full textOre, Guillen Brenda Elizabeth, and Rivera Lizbeth Susana Pumasunco. "Las barreras no arancelarias que afectan a las exportaciones peruanas de palta Hass, partida arancelaria 0804.40.00.00, hacia Chile en el marco de La Alianza del Pacífico entre los años 2014- 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653061.
Full textPeru has consolidated as an important supplier of Hass avocado in the world, with a sustained and growth in the last 5 years, thanks to the high demand of this product in the world, which has been achieved through promotion mechanisms organized by the government and by the peruvian producers. Peruvian producers have been able to adapt their offer, and thus Peruvian avocado has been gaining a name in the world, it has had a very good acceptance by consumers and has posicionated as a high-quality product. In the framework of the Pacific Alliance, even though Chile is Hass avocado producer, it has become in the main importer of Hass avocado from Peru, because the peruvian offer is not a direct competition, it works as a complementary offer. Chile has a per capita consumption of 7 to 8 kilos per year, it is the second largest consumer in the world, this is stated by the director of the Department of Agricultural Production of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of Chile, Thomas Fichet. The Chilean market it represents an attractive market in terms of volume; however, as they are producers and exporters, they know the product very well and have very demanding requirements regarding quality, in addition to this, the try to safeguard their local production, not only in terms of final product but also talking about plants, for example saving their crops of some plague, that is why there are "complicated protocols" (qualified in this way by Peruvian exporters interviewed). These protocols have many requirements that often make exporting to this country a very difficult challenge. Requirements of labeling, sampling and checking on the production line, separate environments in the cold rooms, are some of the demanding requirements that the Chile raises in order to allow the entry of peruvian avocado, all of these detailed in the Export Protocol. That is why this research aims to analyze whether non-tariff barriers affect peruvian avocado Hass exports to Chile in the last 5 years within the framework of the Pacific Alliance.
Tesis
Nguyen, Anh Son. "Avancées récentes sur l'analyse des données d'impédance globale et développement de l'impédance électrochimique locale : application aux revêtements utilisés pour la protection contre la corrosion de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30326/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to obtain a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms, as a function of exposition time in an aggressive environment, of commercial coatings (epoxy-polyaminoamide waterborne paint) used in aeronautical industry for corrosion protection of 2024 aluminium alloy by global and local impedance techniques. The coatings formulated with either strontium chromate (SrCrO4) or Cr(VI)-free pigments were compared. The behavior of dry coatings (in contact with Hg) was close to that of an ideal capacitor and could be accurately modelled with the power-law model corresponding to a CPE (Constant Phase Element). Upon immersion in NaCl solution, the behavior of the wet coatings became progressively less ideal, i.e. farther from a capacitive behavior. The impedance data was analyzed with the Young model that take into account the exponential variation of the coating resistivity along its thickness. This analysis confirmed that penetration of water and ions occurs on different time scales. The former process is faster and affects permittivity more strongly than resistivity; the latter is slower and affects almost exclusively resistivity. The models allows to explain not only the CPE or pseudo-CPE behaviors observed on impedance diagrams but also to determine the coatings water uptake during the test which is in good agreement with gravimetric measurements. Then, the self-healing properties of artificially damaged coatings were studied by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS). The local diagrams and the mappings (2D or 3D) allowed self-healing processes for the chromated system or corrosion developments for the unchromated system to be observed. The present work proposed a methodology to develop and to characterize coatings containing environmentally friendly inhibitors, and particularly the self-healing process
Hidalgo, Cárdenas Andrea Gabriela. "La diplomacia climática peruana en la política mundial medioambiental. Análisis del ingreso del Perú al Tropical Forrest Alliance en el marco de la Declaración Conjunta de Intención entre Perú, Alemania y Noruega (2014-2019)." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19988.
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