Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alliages chrome-fer-nickel'
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Benkaddour, Abdelkhalek. "Proprietes des defauts d'irradiation dans des alliages austenitiques fer-chrome-nickel et des alliages ferritiques fer-chrome : influence de la teneur en chrome." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066144.
Full textBenkaddour, Abdelkhalek. "Propriétés des défauts d'irradiation dans des alliages austénitiques fer-chrome-nickel et des alliages ferritiques fer-chrome influence de la teneur en chrome /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602846c.
Full textPouderoux, Patrick. "Codéposition électrolytique par courant pulsé d'alliages nickel-phosphore et fer-chrome-nickel." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30245.
Full textBerrada, Salwa. "Etude de la diffusion des ions nickel et chrome à partir d'une prothèse dentaire : expérimentation chez la brebis par spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF1DD03.
Full textLizarazu, Dominica. "Comportement en oxydation à l'air et comportement électrochimique dans le verre fondu d'alliages nickel-chrome." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10372.
Full textDetailed knowledge of interfacial reactions and kinetics between metals or alloys and molten glass is of interest for glass-metal seal enamel, coating technology tools used for glass-making and electric melting of glass. We wanted to evaluate corrosion resistance in molten glass for nickel-chromium alloys and O. D. S. (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) nickel-chromium alloys. First, the oxidation of O. D. S. Superalloys was studied in air between 1100 and 1300°C. The kinetics of the oxidation have been measured and the oxide scales characterised. Then, because the interaction between metals and molten glass is of electrochemical nature, electrochemical techniques for corrosion studies were chosen. After the determination of the electrochemical properties of the glass, corrosion studies could be achieved. The materials studied were pure metals (iron, nickel, chromium), binary nickel-chromium alloys and O. D. S. Nickel-chromium alloys preliminary studied in oxidation. In this work, the general principles of the corrosion in molten glass of iron, nickel, chromium and nickel-chromium alloys could be outdrawn
Delabrouille, Frédéric Viguier Bernard Andrieu Eric. "Caractérisation par MET de fissures de corrosion sous contrainte d'alliages à base de nickel influence de la teneur en chrome et de la chimie du milieu /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000209.
Full textSoller, Aude Jardy Alain. "Refusion à l'arc sous vide du superalliage 718 modélisation du procédé et étude de la formation des "white spots /." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2006. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2006_SOLLER_A.pdf.
Full textBoursier, Jean-Marie. "Fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte des alliages fer-nickel-chrome en milieu primaire de réacteur à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10530.
Full textHaouam, Abdallah. "Comportement en flexion 4 points à température moyenne (350-550°C) d'alliage base nickel : étude de la fissuration et du rôle de la vapeur d’eau." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1806.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the determination of the behavior law of nickel based alloy Inconel 600 (NC15Fe), which is used in the steam generators of nuclear power plants, subject to intergranular corrosion process. One of the major objectives aimed by this thesis is the knowledge of synergy between oxidation and mechanical loading. The interval of temperature explored during the experimental study coverts the actual conditions for a safe operation of steam generators (350 - 550°C). The various parameters of influence such as the temperature, the atmosphere (vacuum, air, oxygen and water vapor) as well as the surface quality are explored. From the study of the oxidation kinetics, it shows from isothermal oxidation tests under synthetic air, the recorded weight gain and the oxide film thickness Cr2O3 obtained respectively by the thermo gravimetric analysis (ATG) and the spectroscopy with glow discharge (SDL) are very weak in the temperature range (350 - 800°C); showing the very low reactivity of the material in such conditions. As for the influence of the mechanical loading, the results of the 4- point bending tests carried out under secondary vacuum followed by acoustic emission on Inconel 600 samples by means of a specific assembly, revealing the absence of damage. The influence of the oxygen and the water vapor, on the other hand, shows a modification of the behavior of the material characterized by high amplitudes of acoustic signals and attenuated mechanical characteristics, meaning a corrosion attack. Using the results obtained, in-situ, under a controlled atmosphere, a viscoplastic model of behavior of Inconel 600 in 4- point bending, based on Norton’s law is proposed
Delabrouille, Frédéric. "Caractérisation par MET de fissures de corrosion sous contrainte d'alliages à base de nickel : influence de la teneur en chrome et de la chimie du milieu." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7400/1/delabrouille1.pdf.
Full textBoulanger, Loïc. "Influence du phosphore sur les défauts ponctuels dans un alliage austénitique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112378.
Full textHajjaji, Mohamed el. "Caractérisation et simulation des joints de phases C. C. -C. F. C. : applications à des alliages Fe-Cr-Ni de différentes puretés." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10015.
Full textSoller, Aude. "Refusion à l'arc sous vide du superalliage 718 : modélisation du procédé et étude de la formation des "white spots"." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_SOLLER_A.pdf.
Full textSome very detrimental defects, called white spots, can form during the remelting of Alloy 718. Depleted in alloying elements, they are supposed to be generated by the fall of solid metallic precursors in the liquid pool. In a first step, a model aimed to simulate the remelting process, based on the SOLAR software, has been adapted to the remelting of Alloy 718, then validated by comparison between the simulation results and experimental observations of a remelted ingot. The characterization of electrodes and ingots has shown that large dendrites in the electrode could be the origin of dendritic white spots. This study also determines quantitatively the main characteristics of the three possible sources of discrete white spot precursors (electrode torus, shelf and crown) in terms of structure, composition and size. “Dipping” experiments of synthetic discrete white spots precursors allow a direct measurement of their melting kinetics. These results qualitatively validate a numerical model which describes the melting/solidification process of a spherical particle immerged in a liquid metal bath. Last, the behaviour of a discrete white spot in the liquid pool of a VAR ingot is determined through coupling the phase change model to a calculation of the precursor trajectory. The hydrodynamic and thermal behaviour of the liquid pool is calculated by SOLAR and the characteristics of each of the potential precursor origins are taken into account as input data. The overall model computes, for each origin, a precursor critical size leading to the formation of a white spot
Stephan, Baptiste. "Etude cinétique et microstructurale de la transformation ordre-désordre dans les alliages Ni2Cr à faible teneur en fer." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R004/document.
Full textChemical ordering in Ni-Cr alloys modifies their mechanical properties and is a potential issue for their use in pressurized water reactors. In this work, ordering kinetics have been determined by accelerated ageing on model alloys with low iron content. The Ni2Cr ordered phase appearance induces a hardness increase. Furthermore, thermoelectric power measurements have been revealed very sensitive to ordering. The iron content does not affect ordering kinetics at low temperatures (<450 °C), contrary to thermal treatments practiced on the alloys. Our results have been extrapolated to the industrial case, where the iron content is higher: ordering incubation time is estimated at 140 years at 325 °C. The nanometric size of ordered domains together with their small difference in chemical composition with the disordered matrix make their study difficult. We used advance characterizations with transmission electron microscopy to progress in their description. Thanks to the coupling of image analysis with orientation mappings, the surface proportion of ordered domains has been estimated on a control sample. Energy loss chemical maps reveal that the iron is partly segregated around ordered domains. This questions the state of order of the Ni2Cr phase, which is corroborated by quantitative microdiffractions achieved on ordered domains. At the atomic scale, analyzes show that iron substitutes preferentially for chromium in the ordered phase
Caballero, Hinostroza Jacqueline. "Modélisation de l'amorçage de la Corrosion sous Contrainte en milieu primaire de l'alliage 600." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM034/document.
Full textSeveral components present in the primary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) of nuclear power plants were manufactured with Alloy 600, a nickel base alloy containing 16 wt.% chromium. Operating experience of PWRs and laboratory tests showed that Alloy 600 is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC).Previous studies have allowed developing an initiation model based on a macroscopic approach and depending on several parameters such as temperature, applied stress and material microstructure. However, this model suffers from a lack of accuracy: dissolved hydrogen content and mechanical loading history effects are not considered and the microstructure effects (such as intergranular precipitation) are only partially taken into account.The aim of this study is to develop a ‘local’ model predicting stress corrosion cracking initiation time, based on physical mechanisms and local parameters related to the material microstructure (intergranular precipitation), the environment chemistry (temperature and dissolved hydrogen content) and stress concentration at grain boundaries. The local model relies on a cracking scenario with three main steps: incubation, initiation and crack extension.The formation of intergranular oxide penetration was assumed to be a key step in SCC initiation. For this purpose, oxidation tests were performed in simulated primary water. The intergranular oxidation kinetics of Alloy 600 was studied and the effects of intergranular carbide precipitation, dissolved hydrogen content and temperature were investigated. In addition, a cracking criterion coupling a critical local stress and a critical intergranular oxide depth was estimated. Finally, a sigmoid crack growth law was used to simulate both the slow and fast propagation steps. The local model was validated using a database built from the results of SCC tests performed on Alloy 600 and gathering the crack depths reached as a function of test duration for different experimental conditions (material microstructure, loading conditions)
Stephan, Baptiste. "Etude cinétique et microstructurale de la transformation ordre-désordre dans les alliages Ni2Cr à faible teneur en fer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR004.
Full textChemical ordering in Ni-Cr alloys modifies their mechanical properties and is a potential issue for their use in pressurized water reactors. In this work, ordering kinetics have been determined by accelerated ageing on model alloys with low iron content. The Ni2Cr ordered phase appearance induces a hardness increase. Furthermore, thermoelectric power measurements have been revealed very sensitive to ordering. The iron content does not affect ordering kinetics at low temperatures (<450 °C), contrary to thermal treatments practiced on the alloys. Our results have been extrapolated to the industrial case, where the iron content is higher: ordering incubation time is estimated at 140 years at 325 °C. The nanometric size of ordered domains together with their small difference in chemical composition with the disordered matrix make their study difficult. We used advance characterizations with transmission electron microscopy to progress in their description. Thanks to the coupling of image analysis with orientation mappings, the surface proportion of ordered domains has been estimated on a control sample. Energy loss chemical maps reveal that the iron is partly segregated around ordered domains. This questions the state of order of the Ni2Cr phase, which is corroborated by quantitative microdiffractions achieved on ordered domains. At the atomic scale, analyzes show that iron substitutes preferentially for chromium in the ordered phase
Pavageau, Ellen-Mary. "Modélisation de la corrosion du côté secondaire des tubes de générateurs de vapeur de centrales à réacteur à eau sous pression : application à la corrosion sous contrainte de l’alliage 600." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0151.
Full textStress corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs in flow-restricted areas on the secondary side of Mill Annealed (MA) Alloy 600 steam generator tubes of pressurized water reactors. More recent Thermally Treated (TT) Alloy 600 tubes could some day also suffer from corrosion. Our work consists in modelling the phenomenon empirically and statistically to predict the behaviour of Alloy 600 tubes toward corrosion. The environments formed in the flow-restricted areas are poorly known but chemical analyses during shutdowns show they could resemble sodium hydroxide or sulphate environments. Therefore, our modelling is based on SCC laboratory test in these two typical environments. The modelling in sodium hydroxide environments shows SCC involves three steps: incubation, slow propagation and rapid propagation. The tubes behaviour is well predicted in terms of location and orientation of cracks as well as little risk of having rapid propagation. Finally, the application to TT Alloy 600 tubes gives a smaller risk of SCC than for MA Alloy 600 tubes. The modelling in sulphate environments, established by use of the technique of « repair » of design of experiments, evidences interactions of model parameters. This modelling satisfactorily describes the secondary side corrosion of steam generator tubes. Moreover, the beneficial effect of the thermal treatment on Alloy 600 SCC resistance seems confirmed
Nicolas, André. "Etude de l'Evolution Physico-Chimique du Substrat lors de l'Oxydation à Haute Température des Alliages Modèle Ni-Cr à Faible Teneur en Chrome et de l'Alliage Modèle Ni-16Cr-9Fe." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848591.
Full textRosell-Laclau, Eliette. "Addition d'éléments de transition dans les alliages Al-Ni précurseurs des catalyseurs de nickel de Ranay." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0071.
Full textRouland, Solene. "Etude expérimentale des cinétiques de diffusion et de la ségrégation induite sous irradiation d'alliages modèles et industriel austénitiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR050.
Full textRadiation induced segregation (RIS) is a process identified to be involved in most of the degradation mechanisms of austenitic stainless steels core components of nuclear reactors. During irradiation within the operating temperature range of present and possible prototypes of future reactors, chemical elements of reactor internal metallic components redistribute heterogeneously and segregate on the pre-existent and newly created defects. Local enrichments or depletions levels depend, inter alia, on the element and nature of the defect affected. While mechanisms involved in RIS have already been identified, their kinetics and mutual weigh are still poorly known. Indeed, current theorical models of RIS suffer from a lack of experimental data. These two aspects motivated this study. First, by the determination of interdiffusion kinetics after thermal ageing and under irradiation on model alloys in the Fe-Ni-Cr system. Irradiation effect on diffusion have been studied at 440°C. At this temperature, conventional methods to study diffusion fail to give access to such slow kinetics under reasonable time. Experimental implementation of the nanolayers method on binary and ternary alloys gave, in this case, encouraging results. However, discrepancies between experiments and predictions revealed the need of optimizations on both sides. In the framework of this study, recommendations have been established to account for the effect of the microstructure and the selected ageing conditions on measured effective kinetics. Experiments on model alloys have the great interest to be directly confronted to simulation. Nevertheless, nuclear steels contain a large variety of minor alloying elements and impurities which have shown to play a key role on RIS behaviour. Thus, in a second part, RIS study on various bulk defects of an optimized nuclear austenitic stainless steel, a 316L(N) has been performed. Consequently, nanoscale coupled and correlated techniques (Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Eelectron Microscopy) have been implemented. Techniques complementarity offered the possibility to associate enrichments to defect crystallography and revealed singular tendencies of RIS depending on the element and the defect involved. Furthermore, a higher nitrogen and niobium content in the steel nominal composition formed primary Z-phase, its stability under irradiation had also been for the first time studied in austenitic stainless steels
Chetroiu, Bogdan-Adrian. "Corrosion sous contrainte de l'alliage 600 en millieu primaire des REP : étude de la diffusion du chrome." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0008/document.
Full textAlloy 600 (Ni-15%Cr-10%Fe) is known to be susceptible to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in primary water of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). Recent studies have shown that chromium diffusion is a controlling rate step in the comprehension of SCC mechanism. In order to improve the understanding and the modelling of SCC of Alloy 600 in PWR primary medium the aim of this study was to collect data on kinetics diffusion of chromium. Volume and grain boundary diffusion of chromium in pure nickel and Alloy 600 (mono and poly-crystals) has been measured in the temperature range 678 K to 1060 K by using Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and Glow Discharge-Optical Spectrometry (GD-OES) techniques. A particular emphasis has been dedicated to the influence of plastic deformation on chromium diffusion in nickel single crystals (orientated <101>) for different metallurgical states. The experimental tests were carried out in order to compare the chromium diffusion coefficients in free lattice (not deformed), in pre-hardening specimens (4% and 20%) and in dynamic deformed tensile specimens at 773 K. It has been found that chromium diffusivity measured in dynamic plastic deformed creep specimens were six orders of magnitude greater than those obtained in not deformed or pre-hardening specimens. The enhancement of chromium diffusivity can be attributed to the presence of moving dislocations generated during plastic deformation
Elbiache, Abdelmoula. "Adsorption et ségrégation du soufre sur les alliages Fe-Cr-Ni et Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo : compositions superficielles, dissolution anodique et passivation." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066357.
Full textBack, Christophe. "Étude de la cristallisation des verres métalliques Ni₈₁B₁₉ et (FeCr) ₇₇B₂₃ par diffusion neutronique et simulations numériques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL109N.
Full textBarreto-Phan, Hoang Maria Luisa. "Transformations structurales dans des aciers contenant douze pour cent de chrome et cinq ou sept pour cent de nickel : incidence de l'austénité de réversion sur les propriétés mécaniques." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112322.
Full textThe production of austenite by the reverse martensitic transformation has been studied. The alloys concerned by this study are two 12 % chromium low carbon steels containing respectively 5 and 7% nickel. Thermal treatments have been done in the temperature range of (Acd – Acf) called intercritical range. The kinetic of the a' → Y transformation, the volumic fraction of reversed austenite and its stability after a subsequent cooling have been investigated as a function of the intercritical temperature. The purpose of such treatments is to develop on optimal mixture of tempered martensite and reversed austenite structure, which should improve the studied alloys mechanical properties and especially their high temperature properties. This seems to be tightly related to the high dislocations density observed in the reversed austenite which -besides- is dispersed as thin islands in the matrix