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Journal articles on the topic 'Allium cepa Root Tip Assay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

R. A. Ahirrao, B. S. Patange, and S. V. More. "Evaluation of Antimitotic Activity of Momordica Dioica Fruits on Allium Cepa Root Meristamatic Cells." Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management 7, no. 2 (2019): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2019.72009.

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Objective: Natural occurring phenolic compounds play an important role in cancer prevention and shows antimitotic activity. Number of active constituents like phenolic acid, curcuminoids, coumarine, ligans, quinones, etc. is showing antimitotic activity of Momordica dioica. The present work is on phytochemical investigation and examines antimitotic activity of aqueous extract of fruits Momordica dioica at concentration of 15 mg/ml on Allium cepa root meristamatic cells.Methods: The fruits are air dried and extracted with solvents like water by maceration method. The evaluation of antimitotic a

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Kaur, Mandeep, Ming Xu, and Lin Wang. "Cyto–Genotoxic Effect Causing Potential of Polystyrene Micro-Plastics in Terrestrial Plants." Nanomaterials 12, no. 12 (2022): 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12122024.

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The polystyrene micro-plastics (Ps-MPs) is one of the leading pollutants found in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. While most of the studies on the morphology and cyto-toxicity of MPs have been based on aquatic organisms, their effects on terrestrial plants are still scarcely known. The present study was an attempt to measure the effect of different sizes (80, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 nm) and concentrations (100 and 400 mg/L) of Ps-MPs on the root length and chromosomes of root tip cells of Allium cepa using A. cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. Large size Ps-MPs

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3

Wijeyaratne, W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini, and L. G. Y. J. G. Wadasinghe. "Allium cepa Bio Assay to Assess the Water and Sediment Cytogenotoxicity in a Tropical Stream Subjected to Multiple Point and Nonpoint Source Pollutants." Journal of Toxicology 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5420124.

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The present study was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of water and sediments of an industrial effluent receiving water body in the western province of Sri Lanka using Allium cepa bioassay. Six sampling sites (Site A: Urban; B: Industrial; C: Water intake for public water supply; D: Industrial; E: Agricultural; F: Reference) were selected from the study area. Ten replicate water and sediment samples were collected from each site, and physical and chemical parameters were measured using standard analytical methods. Cytotoxicity of water and sediment elutriates were measured using Allium cep

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Samuel, Waja, and Thomas Musa. "Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis evalution of Morinda citrifolia (NONI) aqueous Leaf Extracts using Allium cepa assay." NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (2025): 11–20. https://doi.org/10.59298/nijses/2025/62.112000.

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The widespread use of medicinal herbs has raised serious concerns over its quality, safety, and efficacy. Therefore, precise scientific evaluation has become a precondition for acceptance of herbal health claims. In this study the cytogenetic and mutagenesis of morinda citrifolia (noni) aqueous leaves extract on the root tips of Allium cepa was evaluated using Allium cepa (L.) assay, Onion bulb was sun dried for 4 days, the dried outer scales were carefully removed and the root was scraped leaving the ring of the primordial root intact to promote the emergence of new roots. For the root growth

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Abdullateef, Raji Akintunde, and Hajarat Jummai Abdullahi. "Herbal Mixture (Adimenu) Toxicological Evaluations Using the Allium cepa L Assay." EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics 5, no. 04 (2023): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2023.v05i04.005.

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Adimenu is a local herbal mixture made from extracts of selected plants for medicinal purpose. Users of the herb become dizzy after use; there are cases of sudden collapse and hospitalization; headaches, and stomach disorder have been reported. The current study investigates toxicity evaluation of Adimenu using Allium cepa L. chromosomal assay. The herbal mixture was made into different concentrations- 1 to 100%, while distilled water served as the control. Allium cepa bulbs of average sizes were placed on equal volumes of the varying concentrations in beakers prepared for rooting. The followi

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Jibril Sani Mohammed, Yahaya Mustapha, Usman Abubakar, et al. "Evaluation of Cyto-Genotoxicity of Pharmaceutical Industrial Effluent in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria, Using Allium Cepa L. Assay." UMYU Scientifica 2, no. 1 (2023): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.013.

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ABSTRACT An Allium cepa root cells assay was used to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts on Pharmaceutical industrial effluent in Kano Metropolis. An industrial effluent's physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal composition were assessed, and the readings were found to be higher than the required levels, demonstrating that it had not been treated before disposal. A set of 45 onion bulbs were grown for 96 hours in pharmaceutical effluent that included 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (v/v), with distilled water serving as the control. All three root tips from each replication's treated

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Patil, N. S., K. B. Patil, M. R. Patil, and R. A. Ahirrao. "Antimitotic Activity of Fruits of Momordica dioica by using Allium cepa Root Tip Assay." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5691.2018.00037.0.

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8

Adolacion, Marie Louise, Ana Maries Desierdo, Jewel Esmero, et al. "Gentoxic Evaluation of Batuan (Garcia binucao) Fruit Extract using Onion (Allium cepa) Root Tip Assay." Virtutis Incunabula 10, no. 1 (2023): 87–95. https://doi.org/10.63173/3bgxv476.

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Garcinia binucao (batuan), usually used in culinary as a souring agent, contains phytochemical properties and other therapeutic effects that could treat various diseases. The researchers investigated the potential genotoxic effects of batuan fruit extract using an Allium cepa (onion) root tip assay. Batuan fruit extract was obtained through methanolic extraction. Different extract concentrations at 25%, 50%, and 75% were applied on the root tips of onion (A. cepa). Colchicine with a 200 μg/mL concentration and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The resea

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9

Mangalampalli, Bhanuramya, Naresh Dumala, and Paramjit Grover. "Allium cepa root tip assay in assessment of toxicity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and microparticles." Journal of Environmental Sciences 66 (April 2018): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.012.

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10

Jude E. Okokon, Kubiatabasi Umoh, and Olamide Favour Imoh I. Johnny. "GC-MS Analysis, Genotoxic and In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Fruit Extract and Fractions of Solanum anomalum Thonn. Ex Schumach (Solanaceae)." Sumerianz Journal of Biotechnology, no. 73 (November 20, 2024): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjb.74.76.88.

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Solanum anomalum Thonn. Ex Schumach, Solanaceae fruits are used in Ibibio traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments including diabetes mellitus and malaria. The ethanol fruit extract and fractions of S. anomalum were investigated for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa and in vitro antioxidant activity using various models; 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Ferric Reducing Power assay (FRAP), Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, total flavonoid and phenol content using standard methods. Onion bulbs were expo

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Kaur, Jaskaran, Sandip Singh Bhatti, Sartaj Ahmad Bhat, Avinash Kaur Nagpal, Varinder Kaur, and Jatinder Kaur Katnoria. "Evaluating Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals of Textile Effluents and Soil Samples in Vicinity of Textile Industries." Soil Systems 5, no. 4 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5040063.

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The present study pertains to assessing the heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn) contents of untreated and treated effluents of two textile industries and agricultural soil samples in the vicinity of these industries located in Ludhiana, Punjab (India). The genotoxicity of the effluents samples was estimated using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The exposure of Allium cepa roots to untreated effluents from both industries resulted in the reduction of mitotic index (MI) and increase in chromosomal aberrations in the root tip meristematic cells when compared to those that were

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Asita, Asita Okorie, Relebohile Rebecca Mohale, and Sibusisiwe Magama. "Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Imidacloprid, Spinosad and Bifenthrin - Myclobutanil Combination to Allium cepa Root Tip Meristematic Cells." Environment and Natural Resources Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v12n1p1.

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Pesticides use boosts agricultural yield by reducing crop losses. However, some pesticides are mutagens and while technical grade active ingredients may produce mixed results in cytotoxicity and mutagenicity tests in in vitro and in vivo assays, synergistic interaction of pesticides, their metabolites or impurities in pesticide formulations often produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. This study assessed three concentrations (mg mL-1) (0.04, 0.08 and 0.16) each of Aphicide Plus&reg; (AP) (imidacloprid at 20g L-1); Eco Fruit-fly Bait GF120&reg; (EF) (spinosad at 0.24 g L-1) and Roseca

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Beyza SEVİNÇ and Cüneyt AKI. "Protective Role of Olea europaea L. Leaf Extract Against Deltamethrin Induced Genotoxic Effects: Allium cepa L. Model." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 32, no. 1 (2025): 334–40. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.32.1.0297.

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In this research, the potential protective effect of Olea europaea L. (olive) leaf extract (OE) against the genotoxic effects of deltamethrin, a widely used insecticide, on Allium cepa L. root cells was revealed. Allium root tip cells assay were used to determine this effect. Deltamethrin (DM) treatments generally showed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) values (DM 2x group 48 hrs treatment about 96%) and a significant increase in chromosomal abnormality rates (DM 2x group 48 hrs treatment about 8 times) compared to the control group. OE treatments were observed to reduce abnormalit

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Omotola, Elizabeth Oyinkansola, Bettina Genthe, Luyanda Ndlela, and Olatunde Stephen Olatunji. "Environmental Risk Characterization of an Antiretroviral (ARV) Lamivudine in Ecosystems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168358.

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Antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viral infections are among the emerging contaminants considered for ecological risk assessment. These compounds have been reported to be widely distributed in water bodies and other aquatic environments, while data concerning the risk they may pose to unintended non-target species in a different ecosystem (environment) is scanty. In South Africa and other developing countries, lamivudine is one of the common antiretrovirals applied. Despite this, little is known about its environmental impacts as an emerging

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Obidoska, Grażyna, Zbigniew Karaczun, and Barbara Żarska. "Phytotoxicity and phytogenotoxicity of municipal sewage sludge." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW - Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, no. 41 (December 2, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/ahla.2020.41.3.

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Celem badań była ocena fitotoksyczności i fitogenotok-syczności warszawskich komunalnych osadów ściekowych zmieszanych z dwoma różnymi ro-dzajami gleb przy użyciu standardowych biote-stów roślinnych: Phytotoxkit i Allium cepa Root Tip Assay. Fitotoksyczność mieszanin osadów z glebami była zależna od koncentracji osadu i rodzaju gleby. W przypadku mieszaniny osadu z piaskiem już 3% koncentracja działała fitotok-sycznie, podczas gdy mieszanina z substratem torfowym wywoływała efekt fitotoksyczny dopie-ro przy 25-procentowym stężeniu osadu. Niestety przy tym, a także niższym (6%) stężeniu osadu w

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Pakrashi, Sunandan, Nitin Jain, Swayamprava Dalai, et al. "In Vivo Genotoxicity Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Allium cepa Root Tip Assay at High Exposure Concentrations." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2 (2014): e87789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087789.

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17

Ili, Pinar, and Fikret Sari. "Evaluation of the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of an abamectin-based pesticide on Allium cepa roots." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2024): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs241025038i.

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Abamectin, a widely used pesticide with insecticidal, anthelmintic, and acaricidal properties, has raised safety concerns due to its toxic effects on certain non-target organisms. The toxicity of abamectin, the active ingredient in the commercial pesticide formulation Alopec? EC, was evaluated using cytogenetic and comet assays on Allium cepa root tips. Mitotic index (MI) and phase index (PI) values were used for cytotoxicity assessment. Chromosomal aberration (CA) frequencies in the dividing cells and comet data were used for genotoxicity assessment. The root growth test showed a significant

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18

Shalini Mehta and Swati Sandhya. "Phytochemical profiling with cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of green tobacco leaf extract." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 22, no. 1 (2025): 395–410. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.22.1.0412.

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Tobacco (genus Nicotiana), primarily cultivated for commercial use, poses significant occupational health risks, particularly during its green leaf stage. This study investigates the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of green tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) through phytochemical analysis using GC-MS and cytological assays on Allium cepa. GC-MS results revealed major compounds including nicotine (42.55%), naphthalene (34.08%), neophytadiene, phytol, and various methyl esters. In cytological duration dependent exposure of root tip meristematic cell and young flower buds in green leaf extracts showe

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Debnath, Priyanka, Arghadip Mondal, Kamalesh Sen, Debojyoti Mishra, and Naba Kumar Mondal. "Genotoxicity study of nano Al2O3, TiO2 and ZnO along with UV-B exposure: An Allium cepa root tip assay." Science of The Total Environment 713 (April 2020): 136592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136592.

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20

KARADAVUT, Bilal, and Dilek PANDIR. "A comprehensive assessment of indoxacarb on Allium test with viability parameters." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 17, no. 2 (2025): 12515. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb17212515.

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Pesticides are used in agriculture to control various pests in order to increase crop yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of indoxacarb on Allium cepa L. root tip meristem cells. Following root germination, control and untreated experimental groups were established, while the treatment groups were exposed to increasing concentrations of indoxacarb for periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. Following these exposure intervals, light microscopy was used to evaluate cellular death, chromosomal abnormalities and mitotic indices. Changes in antioxidant capacity in root tissues we

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21

Yahaya, Tajudeen, Israel Obaroh, Mutiu Sifau, Titilola Salisu, Mohammed N. Musa, and Ibrahim Bala Abdulgafar. "Levels and Cytogenotoxicity of Phytochemicals and Heavy Metals in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves Obtained From Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria." Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 9, no. 1 (2023): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.925.3.

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Background: Psidium guajava (guava tree) is widely used in Nigeria to treat diseases. However, a paucity of information exists on the safety of the plant. Objectives: This study determined the safety of P. guajava leaves collected in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Methods: The methanolic extract of the plant’s leaves was subjected to phytochemical and heavy metal screening using standard protocols, and thereafter, subjected to a cytogenetoxicity test using the Allium cepa toxicity assay. Twenty-one A. cepa bulbs divided equally into seven groups were grown over beakers containing distilled water (nega

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Rank, J., and M. H. Nielsen. "Allium cepa anaphase–telophase root tip chromosome aberration assay on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, maleic hydrazide, sodium azide, and ethyl methanesulfonate." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 390, no. 1-2 (1997): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1218(97)00008-6.

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Kalcheva, Vanya, Asya Dragoeva, Karamfil Kalchev, and Dobromir Enchev. "Low dose genotoxicity of 4-bromo-n,n-diethyl-5,5- dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphosphol-2-amine 2-oxide in mice bone marrow cells and Allium cepa L. root tip cells." Genetika 41, no. 2 (2009): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0902179k.

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The chemistry of organophosphorus compounds is a subject of increasing interest and different new compounds have been synthesized. There are data that some known organophosphates are mutagens. Oxaphosphole derivatives possess biological activity and might influence proliferating cells. Bioassays are currently used in ecotoxicology to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of new chemicals. To provide a broad coverage of the mutagenic potential of a chemical, information on different experimental test-systems is required. Genotoxicity assays are usually performed at high doses, but hu

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Alabi, Okunola Adenrele, Abimbola Elizabeth Duduyegbe, and Amos Tomiwa Afolabi. "Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Three Major Commercially Available Energy Drinks in Nigeria Using the Allium Cepa Assay." Universal Library of Biological Sciences 01, no. 01 (2024): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulbsc.2024.0101005.

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Many studies have been conducted for the evaluation of the toxicity of various complex mixtures, however, there is limited research on the cytogenotoxic effect of energy drinks despite its worldwide consumption. This study aimed at investigating the possible cytotoxicity through root growth inhibition and genetic damage through induced chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa by three major energy drinks in Nigeria. Onion bulbs were grown at 1.57, 3.13 and 6.25 % concentrations of each of the three energy drinks with 10 ppm lead nitrate and tap water as the positive and negative controls, respec

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Prathamanjali, S., Y. T. Rajesh Babu, and T. Vijaya. "<i>In vitro </i>assessment of antimitotic, antiproliferative and anticancer activities of different sections of <i>Cleistanthus collinus</i> (Roxb.) Benth. Ex. Hook. F." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 17, no. 1 (2025): 407–20. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v17i1.6324.

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Natural-derived chemicals, particularly secondary metabolites from plants, are gaining attention for their potential as innovative and less harmful anticancer treatments, advancing cancer therapy and developing new medicinal herbs. The present study aimed to investigate the antimitotic, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities of various extracts from the leaves, bark, and fruits of Cleistanthus collinus using the Allium cepa root tip assay, yeast cell model, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) and Michigan Cancer Foun

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Modak, Biplob Kumar, Partha Gorai, Devendra Kumar Pandey, Abhijit Dey, and Tabarak Malik. "An evidence based efficacy and safety assessment of the ethnobiologicals against poisonous and non-poisonous bites used by the tribals of three westernmost districts of West Bengal, India: Anti-phospholipase A2 and genotoxic effects." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242944.

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Introduction To explore the ethnobiological wisdom of the tribals of three western districts of West Bengal, India against poisonous and non-poisonous bites and stings, a quantitative approach was adopted. These age-old yet unexplored knowledge can be utilized in finding lead-molecules against poisonous and non-poisonous animal-bites. Further, an evidence-based approach is needed to assess the venom-neutralization ability of plants by experimental studies. Materials and methods During 2008–2009 and 2012–2017, 11 ethnomedicinal surveys were carried out to explore the use of medicinal flora and

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P Parmar, Mayur, and Dipak V. Parmar. "COMPARISON OF ANTI-MITOTIC AND CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF PIPER CHABA (CHAVAK) AGAINST VINCRISTINE BY USING GERMINATION INHIBITION AND ALLIUM CEPA ROOT TIP ASSAY." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 10 (2019): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/9828.

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Chowdhury, Muntasir Ahmed, and Animesh Biswas. "Evaluation of Cyto-Genotoxic Effects of Mucuna Bracteata DC. Ex Kurz Leaf Extracts by Allium Cepa." Journal of Bio-Science 32, no. 2 (2024): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v32i2.75760.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the cyto-genotoxicity of leaf decoctions of Mucuna bracteata by Allium cepa bioassay. This kind of study can be used as a baseline monitoring system for plant products before their use. It is an inexpensive, simple, and reliable test to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of various plant extracts on living organisms. In this experiment, Allium cepa bulbs were placed in five concentrations (0.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5.0 mg/mL, 7.5 mg/mL, and 10.0 mg/mL) of leaf decoction, with tap water as the negative control and 20.0 µL/L EMS (Ethylmethene sulphonat

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Louis, Mark L. Briones, M. Llamado Jamil, Lloyd S. Domingo Justine, et al. "Total aerobic plate count and onion (Allium cepa) root tip assay using banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) Pseudostem accumulated water with thin-layer chromatography as confirmatory test." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 2200–2210. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14719278.

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Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It can originate from any of the trillions of cells in the human body. Normally, cells grow and divide as needed, but cancer disrupts this process, causing abnormal cells to multiply uncontrollably. According to Monda et al. (2021), the pseudostem of the banana tree possess anticancer activities due to the phytochemicals present, which is why the researchers want to determine whether the accumulated water inside the banana pseudostem also holds the potential to become an alternative anti-cancer treatment.

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Obidoska, Grażyna, and Dorota Jasińska. "Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 40, no. 1 (2008): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0035-0.

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Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate. The most common method of municipal solid waste disposal is storing at landfills. Many hazardous substances are present in garbage and some more are formed during degradation. They may be assimilated by numerous organisms, pass through the food chain and bioaccumulate by long-term exposure in animals and humans. Therefore it seems an important tusk to monitor the toxic and genotoxic potential of municipal landfill leachates, which may

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Banu, Afroja, Suranjan Sikdar, Sandip Sarkar, Mahima Misti Sarkar, Swarnendu Roy, and Biswajit Sinha. "Robust ternary Graphene Oxide (GO)/Bi2O3/SnO2 nanocomposite: A versatile catalyst for degradation of pollutant, antioxidant properties and Allium cepa root tip mitotic division assay." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 181 (November 2025): 115135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2025.115135.

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Sagabaen, Karen Joy B. "PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND BIOACTIVITY OF THEOBROMA CACAO LEAF EXTRACT: ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES." Ignatian International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research 2, no. 11 (2024): 698–717. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14232762.

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Theobroma cacao leaves have traditionally been used for medicinal purposes in various cultures. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of Theobroma cacao leaf extract. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of Theobroma cacao leaf extract and revealed its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. The ethanolic extracts of T. cacao leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening, revealing the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)

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Louis Mark L. Briones, Jamil M. Llamado, Justine Lloyd S. Domingo, et al. "Total aerobic plate count and onion (Allium cepa) root tip assay using banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) Pseudostem accumulated water with thin-layer chromatography as confirmatory test." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 2200–2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1588.

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Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It can originate from any of the trillions of cells in the human body. Normally, cells grow and divide as needed, but cancer disrupts this process, causing abnormal cells to multiply uncontrollably. According to Monda et al. (2021), the pseudostem of the banana tree possess anticancer activities due to the phytochemicals present, which is why the researchers want to determine whether the accumulated water inside the banana pseudostem also holds the potential to become an alternative anti-cancer treatment.

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Kaya, Nergis. "Evaluation of Genotoxic Effect of Phloxine by Allium Test." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i4.637-641.4708.

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Phloxine is used as a food dye. In this study, genotoxicity of phloxine at the root tip of Allium cepa L. was investigated. A. cepa L. meristematic root tip cells were treated with ten different doses of phloxine. In this way, the EC50 value was determined. Then, phloxine was applied to root tips at EC50/2, EC50 and EC50×2 doses. Treatment time was determined as 24, 48 and 72 hours. As a result, it was revealed that phloxine caused chromosomal aberrations in cells in mitotic cycle at the root tip of A. cepa. There are equatorial plate shifting in metaphase, laggard chromosome, disturbed spindl

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Khanna, Namita, and Sonia Sharma. "Allium Cepa Root Chromosomal Aberration Assay: A Review." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 1, no. 03 (2013): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.1.3.15.

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Higher plants, an important material for genetic tests to monitor various pollutant present in the environment. Among the plant species, Alium cepa has been used to evaluate chromosome aberrations and disturbances in the mitotic cycle. Now days, it has been used to assess a great number of genotoxic/antigenotoxic agents, which contributes to its increasing application in environmental monitoring. The A. cepa is commonly used as a test organism because it is cheap, easily available and handled and has advantages over other short-term tests. Among the endpoints of A. cepa root chromosomal aberra

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Osigwe, Chinyelu Clementina, Jude Efiom Okokon, Ukeagbu Wilfred, Ugonma Florence Uwaeme, and Imoh Imeh Johnny. "Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Activities of Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. Leaf Extract." Trends in Natural Products Research 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.61594/tnpr.v6i1.2025.116.

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Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of diseases was evaluated for genotoxic and cytotoxic effects using Allium cepa (onion) test. The effect of the leaf extract on the root meristematic cells of Allium cepa was assessed macroscopically and microscopically using onion bulbs exposed to 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL concentrations of the extract. Tap water and methotrexate (0.1 mg/mL) were used as a negative and positive control respectively. The extract significantly (P < 0.05) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the onion root gr

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Kaya, Nergis. "Effect of Ferrous Gluconate on Chromosomal Abnormality Index of Allium Cepa Root Tip." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (2021): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i4.755-758.4155.

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In completed research, ferrous gluconate -a food additive- used to preserve black color to prevent discoloration during storage in ripe black olives, and Allium cepa L. species. A. cepa L. roots were treated with different doses of ferrous gluconate. The effective concentration EC50 (0.068 g/l) was determined. A. cepa root tips were treated with EC50/2 (0.034 g/l), EC50 (0.068 g/l), 2XEC50 (0.136 g/l) dose for 24, 48, 72 hours, and afterward, the root tips were prepared for observation under the light microscope according to the method of preparing mitotic preparation. Chromosomal abnormality

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Mohammed, Jibril Sani, Yahaya Mustapha, Madu Abdulkarim Him, and Zandam Nuhu Danladi. "Assessment of Cytogenotoxicity of Plastic Industrial Effluent Using Allium cepa Root Tip Cells." International Journal of Cell Biology 2023 (October 17, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5161017.

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The effects of plastic effluent in Kano Metropolis on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were examined using a test on Allium cepa root cells. The physicochemical characteristics of industrial wastewater were assessed, and the results showed values that were higher than the required criteria; this implies that the effluent was not treated before to disposal. For 96 hours, a group of 40 onion bulbs was cultivated in various concentrations of plastic effluent: 15, 30, 45, and 60% ( v / v ). The control was made up of distilled water. Following 96 hours, the four treated root tips from each replicatio

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K., S. "Endosulfan: A potential genotoxicant on Allium cepa root tip cells." Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jabsd12.0001.

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Medeiros, Maria das Graças, and Catarina Satie Takahashi. "Effects of Luffa operculata on Allium cepa root-tip cells." CYTOLOGIA 52, no. 2 (1987): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.52.255.

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Çavuşoğlu, Dilek. "Effects of L-lysine on cytogenetical and physiological parameters in Allium cepa L. under salt stress." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2019): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i3.47940.

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The role of L-lysine (Lys) on some cytogenetic and physiological parameters in Allium cepa L. seeds exposed to salt was evaluated. NaCl stress on the other hand showed a significantly inhibitory effect on the seedling growth and seed germination of Allium cepa. Besides, it significantly reduced the mitotic index in the root tip meristems of seeds and increased micronuclei which are the most effective and simplest indicator of cytological damage and chromosomal abnormalities. However, the effects of salinity on chromosomal aberrations, seedling growth, seed germination and mitotic activity have

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Mohan, Athira R., and Nisha Joseph. "Cytotoxic assessment of aqueous extracts of Heliotropium keralense Sivar. & Manilal on Allium cepa root tip cells." Caryologia 77, no. 2 (2024): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2436.

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Heliotropium keralense Sivar. & Manilal is an endangered medicinal plant native to the Indian state of Kerala. Cytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and roots of H. keralense were evaluated using Allium cepa L. root tip method. Allium cepa bulbs were exposed to extracts of different parts of the plant for 24 hours. Compared to the negative control, a significant decrease in the length, root number and mitotic index of Allium cepa was observed with 5 to 25% aqueous extracts of H. keralense. Chromosomal abnormalities such as single, double, and multiple lesions in interphas

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Haq, Izharul, Vineeta Kumari, Sharad Kumar, Abhay Raj, Mohtashim Lohani, and Ram Naresh Bhargava. "Evaluation of the Phytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Using Vigna radiata and Allium cepa." Advances in Biology 2016 (August 29, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8065736.

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Pulp and paper mill effluent induced phytotoxicity and genotoxicity in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and root tip cells of onion (Allium cepa L.) were investigated. Physicochemical characteristics such as electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phenols of the pulp and paper mill effluent were beyond the permissible limit specified for the discharge of effluent in inland water bodies. Compared to control plants, seedling exposed to 100% effluent concentration showed a reduction in root and shoot length and biomass by 65%, 67%, and 84

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Wierzbicka, Małgorzata. "Lead translocation and localization in Allium cepa roots." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 9 (1987): 1851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-254.

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Based on autoradiographic (210Pb) and ultrastructural studies, it was determined that lead is taken up from solution with the same intensity along the length of Allium cepa L. roots. As expected, the rate of uptake is dependent on the lead concentration and exposure time of the roots to lead salts. Lead takes about 80 min to penetrate radially through consecutive root tip layers in the meristematic zone. Lead is first deposited on the root surface, and then is translocated radially through the middle lamella (apoplast) of root cap cells. The lead reaches protoderm cells and meristematic cells

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Akbaba, Giray Buğra. "Toxicity assessment of zinc sulfate: A commonly used compound." Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, no. 10 (2020): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233720944771.

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Because zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) is widely used in many fields such as biomedicine, electronics, and chemistry, it is important to evaluate its toxic effects. In this study, the cyto-genotoxic effects of ZnSO4 on meristematic cells in the root tip of Allium cepa L. were investigated. After calculating the effective concentration (EC50 = 70 ppm) of ZnSO4, A. cepa root tip cells were suspended for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in solutions of 35 ppm (EC50/2), 70 ppm (EC50), and 140 ppm (EC50 × 2) concentrations. Using the counts of dividing cells, the mitotic index (MI) was calculated. Chromosome aberration

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Shandilya, Satya, Anuraj, Anand Kumar, and Dharmshila Kumari. "Toxicological Bioassay of Paracetamol Using Allium cepa as a Bioindicator." Asian Journal of Biology 21, no. 3 (2025): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2025/v21i3492.

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This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Paracetamol on onion root tip cells. Three experimental treatments were conducted using Paracetamol concentrations of 500, 250, and 125 mg/L, along with a control (distilled water). After 96 hours of exposure, root growth, mitotic index, and the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa were assessed. The relative growth of the roots of A. cepa was influenced in each treatment, showing a significant decrease from 5.74 0.27 to 1.58 0.13. Microscopic analysis revealed a substantial reduction in the mitotic index, with a recorded v

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Shanker, Rishi, L. K. S. Chauhan, and Prahlad K. Seth. "Cytological effects of acrylamide on root tip cells of Allium cepa." CYTOLOGIA 52, no. 4 (1987): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.52.895.

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Ikechukwu, Emmanuella Chinyere, Peace Nwachukwu Agu, Hephzibah Boluwatito Olumuji, et al. "Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Vegetables (Heinsia crinata, Justicia insularis and Lasianthera africana) Using Allium cepa Test." Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 16, no. 4 (2024): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i4367.

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Heinsia crinata (Afzel.) G. Taylor (Rubiaceae), Justicia insularis T. Anderson (Acanthaceae family) and Lasianthera africana. P.Beav (Stemonuraceae), which are used as vegetables in the preparation of soups and as medicine traditionally to treat various diseases by the Ibibios were investigated for genotoxic and cytotoxic effects using Allium cepa test. The effects of the leaf extracts on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa were investigated using onion bulbs exposed to 2.5 mg/mL, 5mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL concentrations of the extracts for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water was use

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Wijeyaratne, W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini, and P. G. Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe. "Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations." Journal of Toxicology 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8814196.

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Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upst

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Barnabas, Alban D., and Carol A. Peterson. "Development of Casparian bands and suberin lamellae in the endodermis of onion roots." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 11 (1992): 2233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-276.

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The endodermal Casparian band in onion (Allium cepa L.) roots is first evident 10 mm from the apex. It occupies a small region (20–30%) in the middle of the radial wall for a distance of 70 mm from the apex. However, with the development of suberin lamellae in most cells at greater distances from the root tip, the band expands symmetrically through the wall until, at 80 mm from the root tip, it fills the entire radial wall. Passage cells overlying some xylem poles have a delayed development of suberin lamellae, and in these cells the Casparian bands remain narrow. The sensitive stain, Fluorol

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