Academic literature on the topic 'Alloimmunization'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Alloimmunization.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Alloimmunization"
1
Lagzoum, Soukaina, H. Anibat, S. Achargui, et al. "Prevalence of Alloimmunizations in Moroccan Pregnant Women." Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research 7, no. 12 (2022): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i12.007.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Erythrocyte fetomaternal incompatibility is defined by the binding of erythrocyte alloantibodies of a pregnant woman to fetal antigens, inherited from the father. Alloantibodies are produced by the immune system after prior contact with these same antigens during transfusion, transplant or previous pregnancy. In Morocco, data concerning fetomaternal incompatibilities are insufficient despite the severe cases of hemolytic disease in newborns recorded. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of anti-erythrocytes alloimmunizations in Moroccan pregnant women as well as the frequencies of alloantibody specificities. Patients and Methods: A population of parturients with no obstetrical history was randomly recruited to the Blood Bank of Kenitra. A second population was formed by pregnant women referred to the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Rabat for reasons of obstetrical and/or immunohaematological history. The tests were carried out using the gel cards and 2 panels of 11 red blood cells. Antibody titration was performed by indirect Coombs technique. Results: Immunohematological tests and analysis of clinical-biological data made it possible to detect and confirm alloimmunization in 16 RhD negative and positive women. The prevalence of alloimmunization in RhD negative women is 2.46 % and the prevalence of alloimmunization in both RhD-/+ parturients was 1,06 %. In parturients with an obstetric history, the frequencies of alloantibodies are respectively 35.48% (11/31) and 100% (3/3) directed against 7 antigenic specificities: D, C, E, c, e, Jka and s. None of the parturients had received timely anti-D prophylaxis or prenatal RhD genotyping. Conclusion: The discussion of our results highlights the problem of the management of pregnant women at risk of alloimmunization, putting Morocco in front of a challenge of setting up a health policy, including above all the training of health professionals and the accessibility at the national level to the biological examinations necessary for the follow-up of the pregnant women to reduce the prevalence of the HDFN.
2
Paul, Kausik, June Young Lee, Rosario Hernandez-Armengol, Tomohiro Shibata, Caroline Anne Jefferies, and David R. Gibb. "Type 1 interferons promote anti-RBC antibody responses in interferon-dependent lupus mice." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 247.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.247.12.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion can induce anti-RBC antibodies that promote hemolytic events. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased frequency of RBC alloimmunization, and two-thirds of patients express a type 1 interferon (IFNα/β) gene signature. We previously reported that IFNα/β induces RBC alloimmunization in the IFNα/β-dependent pristane lupus mouse model. However, it is unclear whether the lupus-like phenotype or IFNα/β directly promoted alloimmunization. Thus, we examined alloantibody responses in MRL/lpr mice, which have an IFNα/β-independent lupus-like phenotype. MRL/lpr mice produced anti-dsDNA lupus antibodies. However, unlike pristane-treated WT mice, IFNα/β-stimulated genes (ISGs) were not elevated in MRL/lpr mice. After transfusion with allogeneic RBCs, untreated WT and MRL/lpr mice produced minimal levels of anti-RBC antibodies, compared to elevated levels produced by pristane-treated WT mice. To determine whether IFNα/β can induce alloimmunization in MRL/lpr mice, WT and MRL/lpr mice were treated with recombinant IFNα (rIFNα) or the IFNα/β stimulus, poly(I:C), prior to transfusion. While rIFNa and poly(I:C) induced RBC alloimmunization in WT mice, they failed to induce alloimmunization in MRL/lpr mice. Thus, MRL/lpr mice are resistant to IFNα/β-induced alloimmunization due to a currently explored mechanism. These findings also illustrate that allogeneic transfusion induces alloimmunization in an IFNα/β-dependent lupus model, but not in an IFNα/β-independent model. Thus, the lupus-like phenotype is not sufficient to induce alloimmunization. Collectively, these findings warrant investigation of the role of IFNα/β in RBC alloimmunization in patients with SLE. NIH (R01 HL165169-01); NIH (R03 HL158637-01); NIH (K08 HL141446-03)
3
Tatari-Calderone, Zohreh, Ryad Tamouza, Gama P. Le Bouder, et al. "The Association ofCD81Polymorphisms with Alloimmunization in Sickle Cell Disease." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/937846.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the present work was to identify the candidate genetic markers predictive of alloimmunization in sickle cell disease (SCD). Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is indicated for acute treatment, prevention, and abrogation of some complications of SCD. A well-known consequence of multiple RBC transfusions is alloimmunization. Given that a subset of SCD patients develop multiple RBC allo-/autoantibodies, while others do not in a similar multiple transfusional setting, we investigated a possible genetic basis for alloimmunization. Biomarker(s) which predicts (predict) susceptibility to alloimmunization could identify patients at risk before the onset of a transfusion program and thus may have important implications for clinical management. In addition, such markers could shed light on the mechanism(s) underlying alloimmunization. We genotyped 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theCD81,CHRNA10,andARHGgenes in two groups of SCD patients. One group (35) of patients developed alloantibodies, and another (40) had no alloantibodies despite having received multiple transfusions. Two SNPs in theCD81gene, that encodes molecule involved in the signal modulation of B lymphocytes, show a strong association with alloimmunization. If confirmed in prospective studies with larger cohorts, the two SNPs identified in this retrospective study could serve as predictive biomarkers for alloimmunization.
4
Hendrickson, Jeanne E., and Christopher A. Tormey. "Understanding red blood cell alloimmunization triggers." Hematology 2016, no. 1 (2016): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.446.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Blood group alloimmunization is “triggered” when a person lacking a particular antigen is exposed to this antigen during transfusion or pregnancy. Although exposure to an antigen is necessary for alloimmunization to occur, it is not alone sufficient. Blood group antigens are diverse in structure, function, and immunogenicity. In addition to red blood cells (RBCs), a recipient of an RBC transfusion is exposed to donor plasma, white blood cells, and platelets; the potential contribution of these elements to RBC alloimmunization remains unclear. Much attention in recent years has been placed on recipient factors that influence RBC alloantibody responses. Danger signals, identified in murine and human studies alike as being risk factors for alloimmunization, may be quite diverse in nature. In addition to exogenous or condition-associated inflammation, autoimmunity is also a risk factor for alloantibody formation. Triggers for alloimmunization in pregnancy are not well-understood beyond the presence of a fetal/maternal bleed. Studies using animal models of pregnancy-induced RBC alloimmunization may provide insight in this regard. A better understanding of alloimmunization triggers and signatures of “responders” and “nonresponders” is needed for prevention strategies to be optimized. A common goal of such strategies is increased transfusion safety and improved pregnancy outcomes.
5
Hussein, Eiman, Nermeen Desooky, Abeer Rihan та Abeer Kamal. "Predictors of Red Cell Alloimmunization in Multitransfused Egyptian Patients With β-Thalassemia". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 138, № 5 (2014): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0016-oa.
Full textAbstract:
Context.—Thalassemia is a major health problem in Egypt. Red blood cell alloimmunization is an important complication in transfusion-dependent patients. Objectives.—To determine alloimmunization prevalence in Egyptian patients with β-thalassemia and to evaluate risk factors that could influence alloimmunization, with the hope of minimizing transfusion-associated risks in those patients. Design.—Records of 272 patients with β-thalassemia who are receiving regular blood transfusions, matched for ABO-Rh(D), were analyzed. Alloantibody identification was performed by DiaMed-ID microtyping system. Autoantibodies were detected by direct Coombs test. Results.—Alloimmunization incidence was 22.8% with 123 alloantibodies detected in 62 patients. The most common alloantibody was Rh-related (37.4%; 46 of 123), comprising anti-E (14.6%; 18 of 123), anti-D (8.9%; 11 of 123), anti-C (8.9%; 11 of 123), and anti-c (4.9%; 6 of 123), followed by anti-Kell (26%; 32 of 123), → anti-MNS (9.8%; 12 of 123), → anti-Kidd (8.9%; 11 of 123) → anti-Duffy (8.1%; 10 of 123), → anti-Le (5.7%; 7 of 123), → anti-Lu (2.4%; 3 of 123), and → anti-P1 (1.6%; 2 of 123). Anti-D antibodies developed in 34.5% of all Rh-negative patients. Eighty percent of all anti-D antibodies developed in patients older than 18 years. Males had the highest alloimmunization incidence. Alloimmunization incidence increased with the number of units transfused (P = .01). Patients who received unfiltered blood had a higher alloimmunization rate than did those who always received leukoreduced blood (P < .001). Splenectomized patients had a higher alloimmunization rate (32%; 40 of 125) than did those who did not have a splenectomy (16.3%; 24 of 147; P = .003). Autoantibodies occurred in 1.5% (4 of 272) of all patients. Conclusion.—Transfusion of leukoreduced and phenotypically matched cells for selective antigens may help reduce expenses and risks of alloimmunization in patients with thalassemia.
6
Barbosa, Kledson Lopes, Erika Elita Araújo Lessa, Margareth Alves Soares, et al. "Frequency and specificity of erythrocyte alloimmunization in patients at a reference hospital in Alagoas, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 11 (2022): e134111133555. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33555.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To determine the frequency and specificity of erythrocyte alloimmunization in patients treated by hemotherapy at the University Hospital Professor Alberto Antunes - UFAL, Maceió-Alagoas, in the period 2013-2018. Methods: Retrospective analysis all patient records with request for red blood cell concentrate (RBC) with a positive erythrocyte antibody test. Results: The incidence of erythrocyte alloimmunization was higher in women n=144 (80.45%) than in men n=35 (19.55%). We detected 13 antibodies, the most frequent specificities identified were anti-D (35.20%), anti-M (12.30%) and anti-E (7.82%). The combination of antibodies occurred in twenty-six cases with prevalence for combinations of antibodies of the Rh system, anti-D + anti-C (23.08%). The highest incidence of alloantibodies was observed in pregnant women. Conclusion: The population studied had high levels of alloimmunization through the Rh System, greater specificity of alloimmunization in women through anti-D and higher rate of alloimmunization among men over the age of 40. Further studies are necessary for a better understanding of red blood cell alloimmunization for population of Alagoas.
7
Escamilla-Rivera, Vicente, Jingchun Liu, David R. Gibb, et al. "Poly(I:C) causes failure of immunoprophylaxis to red blood cells expressing the KEL glycoprotein in mice." Blood 135, no. 22 (2020): 1983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020005018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Polyclonal anti-D (Rh immune globulin [RhIg]) therapy has mitigated hemolytic disease of the newborn over the past half century, although breakthrough anti-D alloimmunization still occurs in some treated females. We hypothesized that antiviral responses may impact the efficacy of immunoprophylaxis therapy in a type 1 interferon (IFN)-dependent manner and tested this hypothesis in a murine model of KEL alloimmunization. Polyclonal anti-KEL immunoprophylaxis (KELIg) was administered to wild-type or knockout mice in the presence or absence of polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly[I:C]), followed by the transfusion of murine red blood cells (RBCs) expressing the human KEL glycoprotein. Anti-KEL alloimmunization, serum cytokines, and consumption of the transfused RBCs were evaluated longitudinally. In some experiments, recipients were treated with type 1 IFN (IFN-α/β). Recipient treatment with poly(I:C) led to breakthrough anti-KEL alloimmunization despite KELIg administration. Recipient CD4+ T cells were not required for immunoprophylaxis efficacy at baseline, and modulation of the KEL glycoprotein antigen occurred to the same extent in the presence or absence of recipient inflammation. Under conditions where breakthrough anti-KEL alloimmunization occurred, KEL RBC consumption by inflammatory monocytes and serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 were significantly increased. Poly(I:C) or type I IFN administration was sufficient to cause breakthrough alloimmunization, with poly(I:C) inducing alloimmunization even in the absence of recipient type I IFN receptors. A better understanding of how recipient antiviral responses lead to breakthrough alloimmunization despite immunoprophylaxis may have translational relevance to instances of RhIg failure that occur in humans.
8
Rosse, WF, D. Gallagher, TR Kinney, et al. "Transfusion and alloimmunization in sickle cell disease. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 76, no. 7 (1990): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.7.1431.1431.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In 1,814 patients with sickle cell disease who had been transfused, the overall rate of alloimmunization to erythrocyte antigens was 18.6%. The rate of alloimmunization in this group appears to be an explicit function of the number of transfusions received because it increases exponentially with increasing numbers of transfusions. Alloimmunization usually occurred with less than 15 transfusions, although the rate of alloimmunization continued to increase when more transfusions were given. The rate of alloimmunization was less in patients with hemoglobin SC disease and sickle-beta+ thalassemia because these patients had received fewer transfusions. Children less than 10 years old had a slightly lower rate of alloimmunization than patients in other age groups even after correction for the number of transfusions given. Women were more frequently alloimmunized than men; this was largely due to the fact that women received more transfusions than men, but in the age group 16 to 20 years the increase may have been due in part to alloimmunization owing to pregnancy. Forty-five percent of those alloimmunized made antibodies of only one specificity; 17% made four or more antibodies reacting with different antigens. Antibodies to the C and E antigens of the Rh group, the Kell antigen, and the Lewis antigens were most commonly made. These findings may be important in formulating a rational transfusion policy in sickle cell disease.
9
Rosse, WF, D. Gallagher, TR Kinney, et al. "Transfusion and alloimmunization in sickle cell disease. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 76, no. 7 (1990): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.7.1431.bloodjournal7671431.
Full textAbstract:
In 1,814 patients with sickle cell disease who had been transfused, the overall rate of alloimmunization to erythrocyte antigens was 18.6%. The rate of alloimmunization in this group appears to be an explicit function of the number of transfusions received because it increases exponentially with increasing numbers of transfusions. Alloimmunization usually occurred with less than 15 transfusions, although the rate of alloimmunization continued to increase when more transfusions were given. The rate of alloimmunization was less in patients with hemoglobin SC disease and sickle-beta+ thalassemia because these patients had received fewer transfusions. Children less than 10 years old had a slightly lower rate of alloimmunization than patients in other age groups even after correction for the number of transfusions given. Women were more frequently alloimmunized than men; this was largely due to the fact that women received more transfusions than men, but in the age group 16 to 20 years the increase may have been due in part to alloimmunization owing to pregnancy. Forty-five percent of those alloimmunized made antibodies of only one specificity; 17% made four or more antibodies reacting with different antigens. Antibodies to the C and E antigens of the Rh group, the Kell antigen, and the Lewis antigens were most commonly made. These findings may be important in formulating a rational transfusion policy in sickle cell disease.
10
Solh, Ziad, Uma H. Athale, Rebecca Barty, MLT, et al. "Transfusion Related Alloimmunization In Children: Epidemiology and Effects Of Chemotherapy (TRACE-EC Study)." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1161.1161.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Pediatric hematology/oncology patients require numerous transfusions during myelosuppressive chemotherapy which may lead to red cell (RC) alloantibody formation. However, transfusion related alloimmunization in children has not been studied except in the neonatal and hemoglobinopathy populations. Variability of RC alloimmunization rates by cancer diagnosis has not been described and the immunosuppressive effect of chemotherapy on alloimmunization is unknown. One study has shown a reduction in IgM and IgG in pediatric leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy (Martín Ibáñez et al Allergol Immunopathol 2003); hence, one could hypothesize that chemotherapy could suppress the alloimmune response. This study aimed to: 1) report the rate of alloimmunization in children receiving RC transfusions, 2) compare these rates between oncology and non-oncology patients, and 3) compare these rates based on cancer diagnosis and stage. Methods TRACE-EC was a retrospective observational study using a large database containing patient blood utilization information from 3 academic hospitals. Patient inclusion criteria included: age ≥ 4 months and ≤ 17 years old at the time of receiving ³ 1 non-autologous RC transfusion between April 2002 and November 2011. Diagnoses were identified using ICD10 codes. Patients with immune disorders were excluded. Study patient cohort included patients with malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) to treat a malignancy; control cohort included non-oncology patients who met the inclusion criteria. Patient and blood utilization data were extracted from the database, and chemotherapy data were obtained by retrospective review of patient medical records. Study patients were stratified for analysis based on cancer diagnosis and stage (surrogate for chemotherapy intensity). Cancer stage was categorized as low level (I, II, standard risk) and high level (III, IV, V, high risk). Control patients with hemoglobinopathy were analyzed separately due to their high alloimmunization rate (Aygun et al. Transfusion 2002). Results There were 1253 patients in the study: 944 in control group; 309 in study group. Females made up 49% of control group and 43% of study group. Mean age was 8.6 years (SD 6.4) in control group, and 7.2 years (SD 5.5) in study group. The frequency of alloimmunization and RC utilization by diagnosis in control and study groups is summarized in Table 1. Overall, a statistical difference in the frequency of alloimmunization was not demonstrated between control patients (4.3%) and study patients (5.5%), p=0.40. When hemoglobinopathy patients were removed from the control group, frequency of alloimmunization decreased to 3.8% (p=0.19). Alloimmunization occurred in 5.4% (10/186) and 5.7% (7/123) of patients with a high level and low level cancer stage respectively, p=0.91. HSCT recipients had a higher rate of alloimmunization than non-HSCT but this was not statistically significant (11.4% vs. 4.5% respectively, p=0.07). Alloimmunization occurred in 4.9% of patients with hematologic malignancies and 7.1% of patients with solid tumors (p=0.44). Conclusions This is the first study that has looked at the frequency of alloimmunization in transfused pediatric patients by diagnostic category and cancer stage. The study confirmed high alloimmunization rates in hemoglobinopathy patients. No difference in the frequency of alloimmunization was observed based on cancer diagnosis, stage, or HSCT status. Further studies are needed to assess the effect on alloimmunization of the high RC utilization rate shown in cancer patients and HSCT recipients. Disclosures: Heddle: Health Canada: Research Funding; Canadian Blood Services: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CIHR: Research Funding.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alloimmunization"
1
Liu, Wendy. "Molecular characterisation of the rhesus (Rh) D antigen." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247635.
Full text
2
Elayeb, Rahma. "Étude des mécanismes de l'allo-immunisation post-transfusionnelle." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0076.
Full textAbstract:
La transfusion sanguine est un traitement essentiel à la survie de millions de patients. Son principal risque immunologique est l’allo-immunisation post-transfusionnelle. Elle se traduit par la production d’allo-anticorps contre des antigènes de globules rouges (GR) conduisant à des hémolyses post-transfusionnelles. Les mécanismes à l’origine de la tolérance des GR ou de son inhibition lors de l’allo-immunisation sont mal connus. Ainsi, mes travaux de thèse, portant sur la compréhension de ces effets, se sont articulés en trois parties avec 1/ l’étude des conditions optimales aux réponses allo-immunes, 2/ l’étude des effets d’une stratégie thérapeutique utilisant un anticorps monoclonal et 3/ l’étude des effets immunomodulateurs, incluant la tolérance, médiée par des composants présents dans les concentrés de globules rouges (CGR).Afin d’étudier l’allo-immunisation, nous avons utilisé le modèle murin. Nous montrons qu’une variation du délai entre la transfusion et la stimulation du TLR3 impacte la réponse immune dans la rate. Une activation importante des lymphocytes T CD4+ (LT CD4+) allo-réactifs accompagnée d’une production accrue d’allo-anticorps ont été montrées à 7 jours de délai. Afin de limiter l’allo-immunisation, l’utilisation d’un anticorps anti-CD20 déplétant les lymphocytes B (LB) montre une altération des LB mais surtout des LT CD4+ impliqués dans le processus d’induction de l’allo-immunisation. Enfin, la modification du phénotype des cellules dendritiques CD11c+ de la rate des souris transfusées, observée hors contexte inflammatoire, suggère une maturation incomplète à l’origine d’une tolérance antigénique. Pour finir, l’analyse de différents composants présents dans les CGR confirme l’existence de microparticules (MPs) lymphocytaires. Ces MPs présentent des molécules inhibitrices et pourraient donc être impliquées dans la tolérance des antigènes transfusés.En conclusion, mes travaux montrent la coopération des DCs avec les LT CD4+ permettant celle des LT CD4+ avec les LB pour induire une réponse immune. Comme toute réponse humorale, nous confirmons que l’allo-immunisation fait intervenir des DCs, des LT CD4+ et des LB. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche pour mieux caractériser l’allo-immunisation en particulier chez les patients drépanocytaires qui sont les plus touchés<br>Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a life-saving treatment for millions of patients. However, its main immunological risk is RBC alloimmunization resulting in antibody production against RBC antigen. Alloimmunization can lead to severe complications threatening the life of the patient. The mechanisms explaining RBC alloimmunization are poorly understood. Therefore, my doctoral work aiming at understanding transfusion effects, was subdivided into three parts with 1/ the study of optimal conditions for alloimmune responses, 2/ the impact of a therapeutic strategy using a monoclonal antibody to inhibit alloimmunization and 3/ the study of immunomodulatory effects of transfusion, including tolerance, through components present in the RBC concentrates.We also used HOD murine model for the study of alloimmunization to show an impact of the delay between the TLR3 agonist injection and the transfusion on immune responses against RBCs. At 7 days of delay, we have demonstrated an important alloreactive CD4+ T-cell activation and a wider alloantibody production. Furthermore, B-cell depletion, using a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, revealed potential changes on LB implicated in alloimmunization induction and mostly on alloreactive CD4+ T cells. We finally observed a modification of splenic CD11c+ DC phenotype from transfused mice out of a TLR context. This suggest an incomplete maturation that could explain antigen-specific tolerance. The investigation of several components in RBC concentrates confirmed the presence of microparticules (MPs) issued from T lymphocytes. These MPs carry inhibitory markers and could thus inhibit DC activation to induce antigen-specific tolerance.Therefore, my doctoral work highlights the implication and the cooperation of DCs with CD4+ T cells to allow cellular cooperation between CD4+ T cells and B cells for immune response induction. As in any humoral response, we confirmed that RBC alloimmunization involves DCs, CD4+ T cells and B cells. In addition, these results are opening up new areas of investigation for a better characterization of alloimmunization in particular in the most affected patients, the SCD patients
3
Felix, Camila Maira [UNESP]. "Potencial imunogênico dos curativos bioativos: aspectos imunhematológicos e leucoplaquetários." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88097.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
felix_mc_me_botfm.pdf: 826136 bytes, checksum: 72fc2c810c332854ebb2731816d7b138 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Médico e Hospitalar (Famesp)<br>As doenças crônico-degenerativas são caracterizadas por uma evolução lenta e progressiva, muitas vezes irreversível e por um longo período de latência. Resultam em alterações celulares que são importantes fatores de risco para a disfunção endotelial facilitando o desenvolvimento de úlceras venosas e/ou isquêmicas e “pé diabético”. O antígeno K do sistema eritrocitário Kell constitui um potente peptídeo bioativo com várias funções biológicas, dentre elas a vasoconstrição que influenciam diretamente nas doenças vasculares. As plaquetas, quando ativadas, liberam fatores de crescimento que aceleram o processo de cicatrização. Na membrana plaquetária são expressos antígenos como os eritrocitários, o polimórfico HLA-classe I e antígenos específicos das plaquetas (HPA), e alguns deles possuem importante significância clínica. O conhecimento e a compreensão dos fatores de crescimento existentes nas plaquetas levaram o setor de Biotecnologia do Hemocentro de Botucatu ao desenvolvimento de produtos que utilizam plaquetas e plasma homólogos excedentes da rotina transfusional como princípios ativos na composição de um gel empregado na forma de curativos com o objetivo de acelerar o processo de reparo tecidual. Sabendo os efeitos benéficos dos curativos bioativos no processo de cicatrização e da variabilidade genética dos antígenos plaquetários, qualquer situação em que ocorra exposição a esses antígenos poderia levar a uma resposta imune humoral. Diante dessa assertiva o presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar o potencial imunogênico desses curativos em pacientes submetidos a essa terapêutica. Foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico, onde um total de 198 pacientes que receberam os curativos bioativos foram fenotipados para presença do antígeno Kell. Dentre esses pacientes, 100 foram selecionados para avaliar a relação dos antígenos...<br>The chronic-degenerative diseases are characterized by a slow and gradual evolution, often irreversible, and with a long period of latency. Resulting in cellular changes that are important risk factors for endothelial dysfunction facilitating the development of venous ulcers and/or ischemic and diabetic foot. The antigens of the erythrocyte Kell is a potent bioactive peptide with various biological functions among which vasoconstriction that directly influence the vascular diseases. Platelets, when activated, release growth factors that accelerate the healing process. Platelet membrane express antigens as the erythrocyte, the polymorphic HLA class I-specific antigens and of platelets (HPA), and some have important clinical significance. Knowledge and understanding of the growth factors present in platelets led the biotechnology sector from the Bloodbank of Botucatu to develop products using platelets and plasma counterparts surplus of routine transfusion as active ingredients in the composition of a gel used as a dressing with the objective to accelerate the process of tissue repair. Given the beneficial effects of bioactive dressings in the process of healing and the genetic variability of platelet antigens, a situation occurs where exposure to these antigens could lead to a immune response. Given this assertion this study was to evaluate the potential immunogenic effect of these dressings in patients undergoing such therapy. This was a multicenter study, where a total of 198 patients who received the bioactive dressings were phenotyped for the presence of Kell antigen. Among these patients, 100 were selected to assess the relationship of erythrocyte antigens of the ABO and Rh in the process of healing and alloimmunization anti-erythrocyte. Also, 38 were selected to evaluate the immunogenic potential of bioactive dressings through the search of anti-HLA and -HPA alloimmunization... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
4
Elayeb, Rahma. "Étude des mécanismes de l'allo-immunisation post-transfusionnelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0076.
Full textAbstract:
La transfusion sanguine est un traitement essentiel à la survie de millions de patients. Son principal risque immunologique est l’allo-immunisation post-transfusionnelle. Elle se traduit par la production d’allo-anticorps contre des antigènes de globules rouges (GR) conduisant à des hémolyses post-transfusionnelles. Les mécanismes à l’origine de la tolérance des GR ou de son inhibition lors de l’allo-immunisation sont mal connus. Ainsi, mes travaux de thèse, portant sur la compréhension de ces effets, se sont articulés en trois parties avec 1/ l’étude des conditions optimales aux réponses allo-immunes, 2/ l’étude des effets d’une stratégie thérapeutique utilisant un anticorps monoclonal et 3/ l’étude des effets immunomodulateurs, incluant la tolérance, médiée par des composants présents dans les concentrés de globules rouges (CGR).Afin d’étudier l’allo-immunisation, nous avons utilisé le modèle murin. Nous montrons qu’une variation du délai entre la transfusion et la stimulation du TLR3 impacte la réponse immune dans la rate. Une activation importante des lymphocytes T CD4+ (LT CD4+) allo-réactifs accompagnée d’une production accrue d’allo-anticorps ont été montrées à 7 jours de délai. Afin de limiter l’allo-immunisation, l’utilisation d’un anticorps anti-CD20 déplétant les lymphocytes B (LB) montre une altération des LB mais surtout des LT CD4+ impliqués dans le processus d’induction de l’allo-immunisation. Enfin, la modification du phénotype des cellules dendritiques CD11c+ de la rate des souris transfusées, observée hors contexte inflammatoire, suggère une maturation incomplète à l’origine d’une tolérance antigénique. Pour finir, l’analyse de différents composants présents dans les CGR confirme l’existence de microparticules (MPs) lymphocytaires. Ces MPs présentent des molécules inhibitrices et pourraient donc être impliquées dans la tolérance des antigènes transfusés.En conclusion, mes travaux montrent la coopération des DCs avec les LT CD4+ permettant celle des LT CD4+ avec les LB pour induire une réponse immune. Comme toute réponse humorale, nous confirmons que l’allo-immunisation fait intervenir des DCs, des LT CD4+ et des LB. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche pour mieux caractériser l’allo-immunisation en particulier chez les patients drépanocytaires qui sont les plus touchés<br>Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a life-saving treatment for millions of patients. However, its main immunological risk is RBC alloimmunization resulting in antibody production against RBC antigen. Alloimmunization can lead to severe complications threatening the life of the patient. The mechanisms explaining RBC alloimmunization are poorly understood. Therefore, my doctoral work aiming at understanding transfusion effects, was subdivided into three parts with 1/ the study of optimal conditions for alloimmune responses, 2/ the impact of a therapeutic strategy using a monoclonal antibody to inhibit alloimmunization and 3/ the study of immunomodulatory effects of transfusion, including tolerance, through components present in the RBC concentrates.We also used HOD murine model for the study of alloimmunization to show an impact of the delay between the TLR3 agonist injection and the transfusion on immune responses against RBCs. At 7 days of delay, we have demonstrated an important alloreactive CD4+ T-cell activation and a wider alloantibody production. Furthermore, B-cell depletion, using a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, revealed potential changes on LB implicated in alloimmunization induction and mostly on alloreactive CD4+ T cells. We finally observed a modification of splenic CD11c+ DC phenotype from transfused mice out of a TLR context. This suggest an incomplete maturation that could explain antigen-specific tolerance. The investigation of several components in RBC concentrates confirmed the presence of microparticules (MPs) issued from T lymphocytes. These MPs carry inhibitory markers and could thus inhibit DC activation to induce antigen-specific tolerance.Therefore, my doctoral work highlights the implication and the cooperation of DCs with CD4+ T cells to allow cellular cooperation between CD4+ T cells and B cells for immune response induction. As in any humoral response, we confirmed that RBC alloimmunization involves DCs, CD4+ T cells and B cells. In addition, these results are opening up new areas of investigation for a better characterization of alloimmunization in particular in the most affected patients, the SCD patients
5
Rodrigues, Aline Trombini [UNESP]. "Aloimunização de doadores de sangue como fonte de anti-soros e hemácias raras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137794.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by ALINE TROMBINI RODRIGUES null (aline.trombini.rodrigues@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-05T00:19:31Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertação Aline Trombini Rodrigues.pdf: 2179862 bytes, checksum: 92ed01e81ff3781b11363c36b0c2268f (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-06T16:56:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
rodrigues_at_me_bot.pdf: 2179862 bytes, checksum: 92ed01e81ff3781b11363c36b0c2268f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T16:56:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
rodrigues_at_me_bot.pdf: 2179862 bytes, checksum: 92ed01e81ff3781b11363c36b0c2268f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-02-24<br>O conhecimento dos fenótipos eritrocitários de doadores de sangue é um procedimento essencial na prática transfusional, o qual aumenta a eficácia e a segurança do ato transfusional, além de prevenir a aloimunização. Os antígenos eritrocitários são clinicamente significantes na medicina transfusional, por serem altamente imunogênicos e pela possibilidade de causarem reações transfusionais, aloimunizações, anemias hemolíticas autoimunes e doença hemolítica do feto e recém-nascido (DHFRN). A incidência de aloimunização à antígenos eritrocitários é alta em pacientes politransfundidos, principalmente nos portadores de hemoglobinopatias e em pacientes submetidos a transplantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um banco de doadores de hemácias com diferentes fenótipos e painéis contendo soros e plasmas com anticorpos de importância clínica para atender e agilizar a transfusão de receptores de sangue alossensibilizados. Foi realizado um levantamento dos doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Botucatu fenotipados utilizando registros de livros de bancada do ano de 2001 a 2007 e do sistema informatizado (Sistema de Banco de Sangue – SBS), através do qual encontramos um total de 6.039 doadores fenotipados, sendo que 2.700 tinham apenas registro nos livros de bancada. Das 31.942 amostras de doadores de sangue em que foram realizadas a Pesquisa de Anticorpos Irregulares (PAI) no período do nosso estudo, 77 apresentaram a PAI positiva na rotina laboratorial. Para a elaboração do Banco de Doadores Fenotipados, foram cadastrados e validados (duas ou mais fenotipagens realizadas) no sistema informatizado SBS, 7.074 antígenos de todos os sistemas de grupos sanguíneos. Desses, 4.748 (67,1%) antígenos pertenciam ao sistema Rh e 2.326 (32,9%) pertenciam a outros sistemas de grupos sanguíneos. Dos antígenos cadastrados (7.074), 2.396 (89%) antígenos não tinham nenhum histórico de fenotipagens anteriores e 304 (11%) já possuíam histórico e foram validados. De um total de 31.942 doadores de sangue, 77 apresentaram a PAI positiva. Para elaboração da soroteca/plasmateca constituída por painéis de soros/plasmas raros, realizamos novamente a PAI dessas amostras, seguida da Identificação de Anticorpos Irregulares (IAI), do tratamento com Dithiothreitol (DTT), se necessário, e da titulação de anticorpos. Destas 77 amostras de PAI positiva, 21 constituíram a soroteca/plasmateca, pois consideramos como critérios de inclusão: a importância clínica, a especificidade e o título dos anticorpos (reatividade com diluição maior que 1/2). Do total de anticorpos identificados (77), os de maior prevalência foram: anti-D, anti-E, anti-Dia, anti-M, anti-D+C e anti-Lea. Assim sendo, concluímos que é de suma importância a elaboração de um Banco de Doadores de Sangue com fenótipos menos frequentes, para que os pacientes em esquema de transfusão de concentrado de hemácias possam ser transfundidos de modo mais compatível possível, prevenindo deste assim a aloimunização a antígenos eritrocitários e otimizando a prática transfusional. É essencial também a elaboração de uma soroteca/plasmateca constituída de painéis de soros/plasma com anticorpos de importância clínica e, com isso, proporcionar além de uma maior agilidade na triagem da bolsa de concentrado de hemácias compatível, uma maior segurança para o paciente transfundido.<br>The knowledge of the erythrocyte phenotypes of blood donors is an essential procedure in transfusion practice, which increases the effectiveness and safety of transfusion Act, besides preventing the aloimunização. Erythrocyte antigens are clinically significant in transfusion medicine, because they are highly imunogênicos and the possibility of causing transfusional reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aloimunizações and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (DHFRN). The incidence of alloimmunization to the erythrocyte antigens is high into politransfundidos patients, especially in patients with hemoglobinopathies and in patients undergoing organ transplants. The aim of this work was to develop a bank of red blood donors with different phenotypes and panels containing serums and plasmas with antibodies of clinical importance to attend and simplify the transfusion of blood alossensibilizados receivers. We manage a survey of blood donors from the Blood of Botucatu, using bench books records of the year 2001 to 2007 and computerised system (blood bank system SBS), through which we found a total of 6039 donors in conclusion, which only 2700 had records on the books. A total of samples (31942) of blood donors that were collected from the research of irregular antibodies (RAI) during the period of our study, 77 presented the RAI in laboratory routine. For the preparation of the donor bank in conclusion have been registered and validated (two or more fenotipagens made) in the computerised system SBS, 7074 antigens in every system of blood groups. Of these, 4748 (67.1) antigens belonged to the Rh system and 2326 (32.9) belonged to other blood group systems. Of registered antigens (7,074), 2396 (89) antigens had no history of previous fenotipagens and 304 (11) already had a history and have been validated. A total of 77 31942, blood donors showed the positive RAI. For the preparation of sorotecaplasmateca consisting of sorosplasmas rare panels carry out again the RAI of those samples, followed by the identification of irregular antibodies (IAI), treatment with Dithiothreitol (DTT) if necessary and titration of antibodies. Of these 77 samples were positive RAI, 21 formed the sorotecaplasmateca, because we believe as inclusion criteria: the clinical importance, the specificity and the title of antibodies (reactivity with dilution greater than 1/2). A total of identified antibodies (77), the most prevalent were: anti-D, anti-E, anti-Dia, anti-M, anti-D+C e anti-Lea . Therefore, we conclude that it is of the utmost importance to develop a Bank of blood donors with less frequent phenotypes, so that patients in transfusion of packed red blood cells, can be transfused as compatible as possible, preventing the alloimmunization to erythrocyte antigens and optimizing transfusion practice. It is essential also to draw up a sorotecaplasmateca consisting of sorosplasma panels with antibodies of clinical importance, for in this way we provide in addition to greater agility in the scholarship screening of packed cells compatible, greater safety for the patient transfused.
6
Rodrigues, Aline Trombini. "Aloimunização de doadores de sangue como fonte de anti-soros e hemácias raras." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137794.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Valéria Nogueira Dias Paes Secco<br>Resumo: O conhecimento dos fenótipos eritrocitários de doadores de sangue é um procedimento essencial na prática transfusional, o qual aumenta a eficácia e a segurança do ato transfusional, além de prevenir a aloimunização. Os antígenos eritrocitários são clinicamente significantes na medicina transfusional, por serem altamente imunogênicos e pela possibilidade de causarem reações transfusionais, aloimunizações, anemias hemolíticas autoimunes e doença hemolítica do feto e recém-nascido (DHFRN). A incidência de aloimunização à antígenos eritrocitários é alta em pacientes politransfundidos, principalmente nos portadores de hemoglobinopatias e em pacientes submetidos a transplantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um banco de doadores de hemácias com diferentes fenótipos e painéis contendo soros e plasmas com anticorpos de importância clínica para atender e agilizar a transfusão de receptores de sangue alossensibilizados. Foi realizado um levantamento dos doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Botucatu fenotipados utilizando registros de livros de bancada do ano de 2001 a 2007 e do sistema informatizado (Sistema de Banco de Sangue – SBS), através do qual encontramos um total de 6.039 doadores fenotipados, sendo que 2.700 tinham apenas registro nos livros de bancada. Das 31.942 amostras de doadores de sangue em que foram realizadas a Pesquisa de Anticorpos Irregulares (PAI) no período do nosso estudo, 77 apresentaram a PAI positiva na rotina laboratorial. Para a elaboração do Banco d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The knowledge of the erythrocyte phenotypes of blood donors is an essential procedure in transfusion practice, which increases the effectiveness and safety of transfusion Act, besides preventing the aloimunização. Erythrocyte antigens are clinically significant in transfusion medicine, because they are highly imunogênicos and the possibility of causing transfusional reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aloimunizações and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (DHFRN). The incidence of alloimmunization to the erythrocyte antigens is high into politransfundidos patients, especially in patients with hemoglobinopathies and in patients undergoing organ transplants. The aim of this work was to develop a bank of red blood donors with different phenotypes and panels containing serums and plasmas with antibodies of clinical importance to attend and simplify the transfusion of blood alossensibilizados receivers. We manage a survey of blood donors from the Blood of Botucatu, using bench books records of the year 2001 to 2007 and computerised system (blood bank system SBS), through which we found a total of 6039 donors in conclusion, which only 2700 had records on the books. A total of samples (31942) of blood donors that were collected from the research of irregular antibodies (RAI) during the period of our study, 77 presented the RAI in laboratory routine. For the preparation of the donor bank in conclusion have been registered and validated (two or more fenotipagens made) in th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
7
Jadhao, Sudhir Shriram. "Integrated bioinformatics prototype to improve blood type compatibility testing." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235391/1/n10135651%2BSudhir%2BShriram%2Bjadhao%2BThesis%283%29.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Blood transfusion is an essential cornerstone of haematological care, patients requiring repetitive transfusion remain at persistent risk of alloimmunisation due to the human blood group polymorphisms. The overall objective of the study was to provide a new basis for pre-transfusion testing by facilitating the accurate characterisation of an individual's complete blood group variant profile using NGS data of a large multi-ethnic cohort. To accomplish the objective, an automated bioinformatics platform was created to predict blood group antigen profiles and, using the platform, new polymorphisms of the blood group antigens in the Australian Caucasian descendent and Aboriginal Tiwi population were uncovered.
8
Felix, Camila Maira. "Potencial imunogênico dos curativos bioativos : aspectos imunhematológicos e leucoplaquetários /." Botucatu, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88097.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Rosana Rossi Ferreira<br>Banca: Rejane Tommazini Grotto<br>Banca: Vânia Nieto Brito de Souza<br>Resumo: As doenças crônico-degenerativas são caracterizadas por uma evolução lenta e progressiva, muitas vezes irreversível e por um longo período de latência. Resultam em alterações celulares que são importantes fatores de risco para a disfunção endotelial facilitando o desenvolvimento de úlceras venosas e/ou isquêmicas e "pé diabético". O antígeno K do sistema eritrocitário Kell constitui um potente peptídeo bioativo com várias funções biológicas, dentre elas a vasoconstrição que influenciam diretamente nas doenças vasculares. As plaquetas, quando ativadas, liberam fatores de crescimento que aceleram o processo de cicatrização. Na membrana plaquetária são expressos antígenos como os eritrocitários, o polimórfico HLA-classe I e antígenos específicos das plaquetas (HPA), e alguns deles possuem importante significância clínica. O conhecimento e a compreensão dos fatores de crescimento existentes nas plaquetas levaram o setor de Biotecnologia do Hemocentro de Botucatu ao desenvolvimento de produtos que utilizam plaquetas e plasma homólogos excedentes da rotina transfusional como princípios ativos na composição de um gel empregado na forma de curativos com o objetivo de acelerar o processo de reparo tecidual. Sabendo os efeitos benéficos dos curativos bioativos no processo de cicatrização e da variabilidade genética dos antígenos plaquetários, qualquer situação em que ocorra exposição a esses antígenos poderia levar a uma resposta imune humoral. Diante dessa assertiva o presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar o potencial imunogênico desses curativos em pacientes submetidos a essa terapêutica. Foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico, onde um total de 198 pacientes que receberam os curativos bioativos foram fenotipados para presença do antígeno Kell. Dentre esses pacientes, 100 foram selecionados para avaliar a relação dos antígenos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The chronic-degenerative diseases are characterized by a slow and gradual evolution, often irreversible, and with a long period of latency. Resulting in cellular changes that are important risk factors for endothelial dysfunction facilitating the development of venous ulcers and/or ischemic and "diabetic foot." The antigens of the erythrocyte Kell is a potent bioactive peptide with various biological functions among which vasoconstriction that directly influence the vascular diseases. Platelets, when activated, release growth factors that accelerate the healing process. Platelet membrane express antigens as the erythrocyte, the polymorphic HLA class I-specific antigens and of platelets (HPA), and some have important clinical significance. Knowledge and understanding of the growth factors present in platelets led the biotechnology sector from the Bloodbank of Botucatu to develop products using platelets and plasma counterparts surplus of routine transfusion as active ingredients in the composition of a gel used as a dressing with the objective to accelerate the process of tissue repair. Given the beneficial effects of bioactive dressings in the process of healing and the genetic variability of platelet antigens, a situation occurs where exposure to these antigens could lead to a immune response. Given this assertion this study was to evaluate the potential immunogenic effect of these dressings in patients undergoing such therapy. This was a multicenter study, where a total of 198 patients who received the bioactive dressings were phenotyped for the presence of Kell antigen. Among these patients, 100 were selected to assess the relationship of erythrocyte antigens of the ABO and Rh in the process of healing and alloimmunization anti-erythrocyte. Also, 38 were selected to evaluate the immunogenic potential of bioactive dressings through the search of anti-HLA and -HPA alloimmunization... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
9
Gohil, Krina, and Johanna Keinvall. "Fenotypning av trombocytantigen HPA1a med flödescytometri: screening för att finna blodgivare som saknar HPA1a." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40074.
Full textAbstract:
HPA1a är ett antigen på trombocytytan som kan orsaka alloimmunisering, såsom neonatal alloimmun trombocytopeni och post-transfusion purpura, vilket kan ge svåra blödningssymptom. I fall med antikroppar mot HPA1a måste kompatibla trombocyter finnas tillgängliga. Syftet med studien var att etablera en flödescytometrisk screeningmetod för fenotypning av HPA1a antigen på trombocyter samt att finna HPA1a negativa blodgivare. Före flödescytometrisk analys poolades två till fem blodprover samman till ett prov och vid förekomst av HPA1a negativa trombocyter i poolen analyserades proverna individuellt. Fluorokrommärkta anti-humana antikroppar mot CD42a och CD61 användes för att särskilja HPA1a negativa trombocyter från HPA1a positiva. Totalt fenotypades 177 blodprover varav sju (4%) typades som HPA1a negativa. Av de sju fynden genotypades fyra vid ett externt laboratorium vilket bekräftade att de var HPA1a negativa. Flödescytometrisk screening av HPA1a är snabb, pålitlig och lämplig för storskalig screening. För att fastställa prevalensen av HPA1a negativa individer behöver mer omfattande studier utföras där en större population ingår. Att ha flera HPA1a negativa blodgivare registrerade ger möjligheten att hjälpa patienter i andra regioner.<br>HPA1a is an antigen on the platelet surface that can cause alloimmunization, such as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and post transfusion purpura, which can cause severe bleeding symptoms. In case of antibodies against HPA1a, compatible platelets must be available. The purpose of the study was to establish a flow cytometric screening method for phenotyping HPA1a antigen on platelets and to find HPA1a negative donors. Before the flow cytometric analysis, two to five blood samples were pooled into one sample and in the presence of HPA1a negative platelets in the pool, the samples were analyzed individually. Fluorochrome –labeled anti-human antibodies to CD42a and CD61 were used to distinguish HPA1a negative platelets from HPA1a positive. A total of 177 blood samples were phenotyped, of which 7 (4%) were HPA1a negative. Of the seven findings, four samples were genotyped at an external laboratory confirming that they were HPA1a negative. Flow cytometric screening of HPA1a is fast, reliable and suitable for large scale screening. In order to determine the prevalence of HPA1a negative individuals, more extensive studies need to be performed involving a larger population. By having many registered HPA1a negative donors, it can provide opportunities to help patients in other regions.
10
Sá, Cynthia Amaral Moura. "Doença hemolítica perinatal pelo fator Rh: experiência de 10 anos do Instituto Fernandes Figueira." Instituto Fernandes Figueira, 2006. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/7361.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T19:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
56122.pdf: 943164 bytes, checksum: 31ab7a412fa0e24ec2743d0b364e47f6 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-07-22<br>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.<br>Introdução: a Doença Hemolítica Perinatal pelo fator Rh é causada pela incompatibilidade entre o sangue da mãe e do recém-nascido, levando a destruição de hemácias fetais e, sem tratamento os fetos mais severamente afetados podem morrer intra-útero. No recém-nascido, a doença pode resultar em icterícia,anemia, dano cerebral, falência cardíaca e morte.Desde introdução da profilaxia anti-Rh D o número de recém-nascidos com doença hemolítica tem caído drasticamente em países desenvolvidos, porém essa não é a realidade nacional.
Objetivo Geral:descrever as práticas usadas para tratar os pacientes com doença hemolítica perinatal pelo fator Rh, nascidos no Instituto Fernandes Figueira nos últimos 10 anos e apresentar dados clínicos,laboratoriais, o tipo de abordagem terapêutica oferecida e o perfil imunohematológico de suas mães.
Material e métodos:Foi realizada uma cohort de 300 recém-nascidos de gestantes Aloimunizadas Rh, nascidos no Instituto Fernandes Figueira no período de janeiro de1995 a dezembro de 2004. Foram coletados dados do pré-natal,nascimento e acompanhamento do Follow-up até 1 ano de idade.
Resultados: a maioria de nossas gestantes possuía um anticorpo que foi o anti-D, sendo que a gravidade da doença hemolítica não teve relação com o tipo de anticorpo. O início do pré-natal em nossa unidade é tardio, mas mesmo assim a maioria dos recém-nascidos nasce bem. Nosso índice de óbitos e hidropisialmente está em torno de 7%. Foi evidenciada uma queda de 66 para 35,8% do número de pacientes submetidos à exsangüineotransfusão após o ano 2000 coincidindo com a introdução biliberço e uso da imunoglobulina humana inespecífica, sem comprometimento do prognóstico. Nosso índice de mortalidade relacionado à exsangüineotransfusão foi de 0,7% e de eventos adversos foi de 61%, sendo os mais comuns a plaquetopenia (mais ou menos 50.000) e distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos (hipocalcemia).Os eventos mais graves foram os distúrbios cardiológicos e de sangramento foram estatisticamente maiores nos pacientes cujas condições clínicas eram mais instáveis antes do procedimento.
Fatores como níveis críticos de bilirrubina(mais ou menos 20 mg/dl), a prematuridade, hidropisia e asfixia pioram o prognóstico tardio (surdez e encefalopatia bilirrubínica)apesar de intervenção terapêutica precoce.
Conclusões: Novas terapias têm sido desenvolvidas para abordagem do recém-nascido com Doença Hemolítica Perinatal como as fototerapias de alta intensidade e a imunoglobulina humana inespecífica, levando a uma diminuição no uso da exsangüineotransfusão, porém esta ainda é uma técnica usada em casos graves de hiperbilirrubinemia.Vários eventos adversos são descritos em conseqüência deste procedimento e são na maioria das vezes assintomáticos e passiveis de correção, mas não podemos deixar de levar em consideração a gravidade do recém-nascido antes do procedimento,além da experiência clínica do profissional que realizará o procedimento. Apesar da intervenção terapêutica precoce os pacientes com fatores de risco(Bt máx mais ou menos 20mg/dl,asfixia,hipoproteinemia e prematuridade) tiveram um prognóstico neurológico pior.<br>Introduction:
The hemolytic disease secondary to
rhesus alloimmunization is
caused by the incompatib
ility between the mother's
and the newborn’s blood,
leading to the destruction of fetal r
ed blood cells and without
treatment the
fetuses more severely affected can di
e intra-uterus. Afte
r the delivery the
newborn’s disease can result in j
aundice, anemia, cerebral damage, heart
failure and death. Since the introducti
on of the prophylaxis anti-Rh D the
number of newborn with hemolytic dis
ease has been falling drastically in
developed countries, however that is
not the Brazilian reality.
Objective
: Describe the practices used to tr
eat the patients with the hemolytic
disease secondary to rhesus alloimmunizati
on, who were born at IFF in the last
10 years. Describing clinical data,
lab abnormalities, therapeutic approach and
immunohematologic characteristic
of their mothers.
Material and methods:
Its was done a cohort of
300 newborns of pregnant
women’s with alloimmunization by Rh ant
ibody, with babies Instituto Fernandes
Figueira in the period of January 1995 to
December 2004. The program EPI 6
made the statistical analyses.
Results:
The mostly found antibody in
the pregnant women
was the anti-D,
and the severity of the hemolytic diseas
e didn't have relationship with the types
of antibodies. The beginning of
the prenatal in our unit is late, but even so most
are healthy. Deaths or hydrops ar
e around 7%. It was evidenced a newborns
fall of 50% in patients
undergoing the exchange transfusion after the year 2000,
coinciding with the introduction of the
Biliberço® and use of the intravenous
immunoglobulin, without affecting their prognos
tic. Our mortality rate related to
the exchange transfusion was of 0,7%
and the one related to adverse events
was of 61% , being the most co
mmon thrombocytopenia (< 50.000) and
hypocalcemia. The most serious events
were bradycardia or heart arrhythmia
and bleeding. These disturbances were mo
re prevalent in the patients whose
clinical conditions were unstable bef
ore exchange transfusion. Factors as
critical levels of bilirubin (
≥
20 mg/dl), prematurity, hydrops fetalis and asphyxia,
worsen the neurological prognostic (deafness and bilirubin encephalopathy).
Conclusions:
New therapies have been developed
for the approach of the
newborns with hemolytic disease as the
phototherapy of high
intensity and the
intravenous immunoglobulin, leading to a dec
rease in the use of the exchange
transfusions, but this is still a saving
life technique in the serious cases of
hiperbilirrubinemia. Several adverse ev
ents are described as a consequence of
this procedure and most of the ti
me they show no symptoms and are
susceptible to correction, but we have consider the severity of the patient’s
clinical conditions and the professional's
skill. Besides the early therapeutic
intervention in patients with risk factors (BT máx
≥
20 mg/dl, the preterm infants,
hydrops fetalis and asphyxia) it had a worse neurological prognostic.
Books on the topic "Alloimmunization"
1
Schonewille, Henk. Red blood cell alloimmunization after blood transfusion. Leiden University Press, 2008.
Find full text
2
Kamp, Inge L. van. INTRAUTERINE TRANSFUSION FOR RED CELL ALLOIMMUNIZATION. Inge van Kamp Oegstgeest, Netherlands, 2004.
Find full text
3
Schonewille, Henk. Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization after Blood Transfusion. Amsterdam University Press, 2007.
Find full text
4
Schonewille, Henk. Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization after Blood Transfusion. Amsterdam University Press, 2007.
Find full text
5
Jain, Shilpa, and Mark T. Gladwin. Sickle crisis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0275.
Full textAbstract:
Sickle cell disease crises are precipitated by an acute occlusion of microvessels, which can lead to end organ ischaemia reperfusion injury and acute haemolysis. Acute fat emboli syndrome, acute lung injury (the acute chest syndrome), acute pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale, haemorrhagic and occlusive stroke, and systemic infection represent the most common life-threatening complications observed in current ICU practice. General principles of management in all patients admitted to the critical care unit are hydration, antibiotics, pain control, and maintenance of oxygenation and ventilation. Red blood cell transfusion therapy is the treatment of choice for most complications of sickle cell disease requiring intensive care management. Transfusion of sickle negative, leukoreduced red blood cells, phenotypically matched for Rhesus and Kell antigens is the minimum standard of care in sickle cell disease patients as they have a high incidence of red blood cell alloimmunization.
6
Cattran, Daniel C., and Heather N. Reich. Membranous glomerulonephritis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0064_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
It has been clear for several decades from comparison with the rodent model disease Heymann nephritis that membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is an immune condition in which antibodies, usually autoantibodies, bind to targets on the surface of podocytes. However, the antigen in Heymann nephritis, megalin, is not present on human podocytes. The first potential antigen was identified by studying rare examples of maternal alloimmunization, leading to congenital membranous nephropathy in the infant caused by antibodies to neutral endopeptidase. More recently, the target of autoantibody formation in most patients with primary MGN has been identified to be the phospholipase A2 receptor, PLA2R. Genome-wide association studies identify predisposing genetic loci at HLADQ and at the locus encoding the autoantigen itself. So antibodies to at least two different molecular targets can cause MGN, and it seems likely that there may be other targets in secondary types of MGN, and possibly haptenized or otherwise modified molecules are implicated in drug- and toxin-induced MGN. Once antibodies are fixed, animal models and human observations suggest that complement is involved in mediating tissue damage. However, immunoglobulin G4, not thought to fix complement, is the predominant isotype in human MGN, and the mechanisms are not fully unravelled. Podocyte injury is known to cause proteinuria. In MGN, antibody fixation or cell damage may stimulate production of extracellular matrix to account for the increased GBM thickness with ‘podocyte type’ basement membrane collagen isoforms, and ultimately cell death and glomerulosclerosis.
7
Barros, Rodrigo José Saraiva de, Tereza Cristina de Brito Azevedo, Carla de Castro Sant’Anna, Marianne Rodrigues Fernandes, Leticia Martins Lamarão, and Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano. Grupos sanguíneos e anticorpos anti-eritrocitários de importância transfusional. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-112-7.
Full textAbstract:
Immunohematology is an area dedicated to the study of the interactions of the immune system and blood cells in transfusion practice. Blood transfusion is a therapeutic technique that has been widely used since the 17th century. The transfusion medicine aims to repair the pathological needs of blood components in the living organism, be it red blood cells, plasma, platelets, clotting factors, among others. Despite being a therapeutic means, transfusion of blood components can be considered at risk because it is a biological material and due to the transfusion immunological reactions that can be caused during or after the moment of transfusion. In the surface structure of red blood cells, numerous molecules of a protein, glycoprotein or glycolipid nature are found, which are also called membrane antigens that make up structures and perform transport functions, as receptors, as adhesion, enzymatic and / or complement regulatory molecules. The formation of these antigens occurs by an approximate amount of 39 genes involved in their production, of which 282 different antigens are organized in more than 30 blood group systems. This antigenic diversity is a major cause of the formation of irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies. Therefore, with the increase in blood transfusions in surgeries, transplants and clinical treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases, a significant increase in the occurrence of alloimmunizations in polytransfused patients began to be observed. Such biological phenomena motivated us to carry out this study and the antigenic diversity motivated us to elaborate this small compendium where we also describe the main blood groups.
Book chapters on the topic "Alloimmunization"
1
Sniecinski, Irena. "Leukodepletion and Alloimmunization." In Clinical Benefits of Leukodepleted Blood Products. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-26538-3_7.
Full text
2
McFarland, Janice G. "Platelet immunology and alloimmunization." In Rossi's Principles of Transfusion Medicine. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119013020.ch18.
Full text
3
Arnold, Kate C., and Caroline J. Flint. "Prevention of Rh D Alloimmunization." In Obstetrics Essentials. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57675-6_1.
Full text
4
Arnold, Kate C., and Caroline J. Flint. "Management of Alloimmunization During Pregnancy." In Obstetrics Essentials. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57675-6_6.
Full text
5
Engelfriet, C. P. "Alloimmunization Against Platelets and Granulocytes." In White cells and platelets in blood transfusion. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2089-0_2.
Full text
6
Brand, A. "Alloimmunization and Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness." In Immunology and Blood Transfusion. Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3094-7_4.
Full text
7
van Kamp, I. L., and H. H. H. Kanhai. "Management of Red Cell Alloimmunization in Pregnancy." In Neonatology and Blood Transfusion. Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-23600-1_6.
Full text
8
Lee, E. J. "Clinical Strategies for the Prevention of Platelet Alloimmunization." In Immunology and Blood Transfusion. Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3094-7_23.
Full text
9
Schiffer, C. A. "Challenge of Alloimmunization and Refractoriness to Platelet Transfusion." In Acute Leukemias VI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60377-8_150.
Full text
10
Bertrand, Gerald, and Cecile Kaplan-Gouet. "Human Platelet Antigen Genotyping and Diagnosis of Antiplatelet Alloimmunization." In BeadChip Molecular Immunohematology. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7512-6_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Alloimmunization"
1
von dem Borne, A. E. G. Kr, and W. H. Ouwehand. "ALLOIMMUNIZATION TO PLATELET TRANSFUSIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643997.
Full textAbstract:
Alloimmunization against platelets is an important cause of refractioness to transfusion of this blood product.It may occur in up to 66% of patients, with malignant blood diseases or aplastic anaemia, whoreceive platelet transfusions for thrombocytopenia.The alloantibodies responsible for refractioness areoften anti-HLA-ABC antibodies, but in about 20% platelet specific allo- antibodies may (also) play a role.In recent years major progress has been made in the methodology of platelet antibody detection. Reliabletechniques to detect platelet antibodies and antigens have been developed, based on the antiglobulin principle. Platelet immunofluorescence is the standard and reference method, but platelet radio-immuno assays and enzyme-linked immuno-assay appear to be good alternatives. A problem is still the quality of the antiglobulin reagents applied, which appears to be often poor.A new development is the study of antibody binding at the level of platelet membrane glycoproteins, instead of intact platelets. This can be done in the immunoblot, but also with chemically purified glycoproteins, or glycoproteins specifically captured by monoclonal antibodies. It gives direct information aboutthe chemical structures involved in the alloimmune response. Most of these methods are still in the investigational stage, but the immunoblot has already found a place in the routine laboratory. A limitation of the immunoblot is that it is quite insensitive and often gives non-specific results.An important question in platelet serology is whether a positive platelet antibody test is due to HLA-antibodies or to platelet specific antibodies. To answer this question, combined tests on platelets and lymphocytes, obtained from the same donor, are usuallyperformed. Complicated studies on cell panels of typed donors, with absorptions and elutions, may often be necessary.However chloroquine treatment of the platelets, which leads to elution of HLA-antigens, isthan a very helpfull new technique, as are techniqueswhich use isolated glycoproteins.Platelet specific antibodies may be directed againsthidden or cryptic antigens of glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa, which are exposed upon alteration of the platelets, for instance by fixation or Na2EDTA.The recognition of such antibodies is important, because they are not responsible for increased platelet destruction and may cause 'falsely 'positive test results.Modern platelet antibody technology has made it possible to perform platelet crossmatching. In refractory patients an obvious first approach is the selection of platelets from cross-match negative random donors. In many patients satisfactory platelets increments can be obtained again in this way. Only in patients with multiple HLA antibodies in the blood, HLA-typing and the transfusion of HLA-compatible donor platelets is than necessary.HLA-alloimmunization occurs much more frequently on blood products that contain leukocytes. It has been postulated that mixed lymphocyte reactions, which take place between the lymphocytes of the donor and the patient in vivo, are an important stimulus for theimmunization to occur. Leukocyte depletion of blood products (red cells, platelets) is therefore advicedto prevent it. This can be done by differential centrifugation, but also by cotton wool filtration. However the best method is not yet know and controlled studies are badly needed.
2
Van Marwijk Kooy, M., H. c. van Prooijen, T. I. Reimens, and J. W. N. Akkerman. "CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH TRANSFUSION OF LEUKOCYTE-POOR PLATELET CONCENTRATES PREPARED BY FILTRATION WITH PROSTACYCLIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644688.
Full textAbstract:
Repeated transfusions with platelets from randomly selected donors lead to HLA alloimmunization in about 50% of thepatients. This is caused by lymphocytes that contaminate the platelet concentrates. Attempts to remove the leukocytes from the platelet concentrates by additional centrifugation steps lead to substantial loss of platelets.We report here a new procedure for removal of almost all leukocytes with excellent platelet recoveries. Single donor concentrates are treated with 50 ng/ml prostacyclin in order to inactivate the platelets transiently. The concentrates are then passed through a cellulose acetate filter to remove the leukocytes. In 30 fresh concentrates this treatment reduced the contamination by leukocytes to less than 0.1 million per concentrate with a platelet recovery of 89± 1% (mean ±SEM). In concentrates stored for 3 days the contamination was reduced to about 5 million per concentrate. Thirty filtered platelet concentrates, obained from single donors by platelet apheresis using a Haemonetics U 50, were transfused to ten thrombocytopenic patients within 1 hour after filtration and were well tolerated. No signs of hypotension or other side effects were observed. The transfusions led to corrected count increments of (22.0±1.1) x 10 per ml blood after one hour and normal survival thereafter. In four out of five patients these concentrates reduced the bleeding time.We conclude that transient inactivation of platelets by prostacyclin enables optimal removal of leukocytes and may help to reduce alloimmunization during frequent transfusions with platelet concentrates.Supported by the Praeventionfund (grant 28953), The Hague.
3
Ikwu, I. I., E. Yibeltal, N. Panesar, and V. Poddar. "Hydralazine Induced Myeloperoxidase Positive Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis with Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome Complicated by Severe Anemia and RBC Alloimmunization." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a5821.
Full text
4
Slichter, Sherrill J. "PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND RESULTANT CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR PLATELET TRANSFUSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643996.
Full textAbstract:
Careful evaluation of platelet survival data in normal individuals and patients with thrombocytopeniasecondary to marrow aplasia has demonstrated that platelets are lost from circulation by two mechanisms a fixed fraction of platelets, amounting to approxi mately 7,100 platelets/ul/day, are lost randomly while the remaining platelets are removed by senescent mechanisms. At platelet counts of <100,000/ul, platelet survival becomes progressively shorter as the fixed platelet loss becomes a proportionately greater fraction of the circulating platelets. Thus, there is a direct relationship between platelet count and platelet survival in thrombocytopenic patients. Therefore, when judging the effectiveness of platelet therapy in thrombocytopenic patients, the influence of platelet count on platelet survival must be considered. As yet, there have been no studies to determine if there are ways to interrupt this fixed platelet loss? whether such therapy might improve platelet support in thrombocyotpenic patients by prolonging platelet survival? or, alternatively, whether such therapy might enhance the bleeding risk if random platelet removal is related to physiologic platelet-endothelial cell interactions.Besides taking into account the effect of thrombocytopenia on the expected response to platelet transfusions, the risk of alloimmunization with platelet transfusion therapy requires a careful assessment of the indications for platelet transfusions for each patient.Based on 51Cr-labeled stool blood loss measurements, we have determined that the bleeding risk is minimal at platelet counts above 10,000 platelets/ul.Only when the platelet count falls to a lower level of 5,000/ul is GI bleeding significantly increased. However, there are certain medications that may enhance the bleeding risk and require platelet transfusions to be given at higher platelet counts.In those patients who are thrombocytopenic, not because of failure of marrow platelet production, but rather because of accelerated platelet removal, indications for platelet transfusions must be adjusted to meet the particular problem. For example, for patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, platelet transfusions are rarely indicated (one exception being intracerebral bleeding) because of the rapid rate of platelet removal and because the patients are usually releasing young hyperfunctional platelets from the bone marrow reducing the hemorrhagic risk at any given platelet count. In some patients with consumptive coagulopathies, even though platelet removal is rapid, platelets may have to be provided until specific therapy resolves the underlying disease process causing the platelet consumption. For these patients, increased levels of fibrinogen/fibrin degregation products, as well as various medications they maybe receiving, may produce platelet dysfunction necessitating platelet transfusions at higher platelet levels. Finally, massive transfusion patients may develop a dilution thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusions.
Reports on the topic "Alloimmunization"
1
Slichter, Sherrill J. Understanding the Mechanisms of Platelet Alloimmunization and its Prevention. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada493973.
Full text
2
Slichter, Sherrill J., Karen A. Nelson, Yvette E. Latchman, and Lakshmi Gaur. Understanding the Mechanisms Of Platelet Alloimmunization And Its Prevention. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada538562.
Full text
3
Slichter, Sherrill J., Karen A. Nelson, Yvette E. Latchman, and Lakshmi Gaur. Understanding the Mechanisms of Platelet Alloimmunization and Its Prevention. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517627.
Full text