Relevant bibliographies by topics / Allotrope

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Allotrope'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Allotrope"

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Pezoldt, Jörg. "Formation of Different Carbon Phases on SiC." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.227.

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Carbon is able to crystallise in different allotrope modifications. They mainly differ in the dominating bindings formed in dependence on the hybridization sp, sp2 and sp3 of the carbon atoms. The present work demonstrates the formation of two different forms of car¬bon allotropes by heating both polar surfaces of on axis 6H-SiC(0001) and 6H-SiC(000 ) crystals to temperatures above 1600°C. In consequence of the structural evolution graphite-like (sp2-hybridised) and carbine-like (sp-hybridised) allotropic carbon modifications were obtained.
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Impellizzeri, A., A. A. Vorfolomeeva, N. V. Surovtsev, A. V. Okotrub, C. P. Ewels, and D. V. Rybkovskiy. "Simulated Raman spectra of bulk and low-dimensional phosphorus allotropes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 31 (2021): 16611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02636d.

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The Placzek approximation with DFT accurately reproduces experimental Raman spectra for phosphorus allotropes. We explain bulk allotrope spectral features in black and white phosphorus, and predict spectra for phosphorus nanostructures.
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Rickhaus, Michel, Marcel Mayor, and Michal Juríček. "Chirality in curved polyaromatic systems." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 6 (2017): 1643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00623j.

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Chiral non-planar polyaromatic systems that display zero, positive or negative Gaussian curvature are analysed and their potential to ‘encode’ chirality of larger sp2-carbon allotropes is evaluated. Shown is a hypothetical peanut-shaped carbon allotrope, where helical chirality results from the interplay of various curvature types.
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Yap, Stephanie Hui Kit, Kok Ken Chan, Swee Chuan Tjin, and Ken-Tye Yong. "Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 5, 2020): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072046.

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Recently, carbon allotropes have received tremendous research interest and paved a new avenue for optical fiber sensing technology. Carbon allotropes exhibit unique sensing properties such as large surface to volume ratios, biocompatibility, and they can serve as molecule enrichers. Meanwhile, optical fibers possess a high degree of surface modification versatility that enables the incorporation of carbon allotropes as the functional coating for a wide range of detection tasks. Moreover, the combination of carbon allotropes and optical fibers also yields high sensitivity and specificity to monitor target molecules in the vicinity of the nanocoating surface. In this review, the development of carbon allotropes-based optical fiber sensors is studied. The first section provides an overview of four different types of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, and nanodiamonds. The second section discusses the synthesis approaches used to prepare these carbon allotropes, followed by some deposition techniques to functionalize the surface of the optical fiber, and the associated sensing mechanisms. Numerous applications that have benefitted from carbon allotrope-based optical fiber sensors such as temperature, strain, volatile organic compounds and biosensing applications are reviewed and summarized. Finally, a concluding section highlighting the technological deficiencies, challenges, and suggestions to overcome them is presented.
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Bondarchuk, Sergey V., and Boris F. Minaev. "Super high-energy density single-bonded trigonal nitrogen allotrope—a chemical twin of the cubic gauche form of nitrogen." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 9 (2017): 6698–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp08723j.

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A new ambient-pressure metastable single-bonded nitrogen allotrope was predicted using reliable theoretical methods. The predicted allotrope has a number of similarities with the experimentally detected cubic gauche nitrogen allotrope.
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Abdulnabi, Hussein A., and Yasin Yousif Al-Aboosi. "Design of Tunable Multiband Hybrid Graphene Metal Antenna in Microwave Regime." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1003-1009.

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<p>Graphene is an <a title="Allotrope" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotrope">allotrope</a> (form) of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in an <a title="Hexagonal lattice" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagonal_lattice">hexagonal lattice</a>. It is the basic structural element of many other allotropes of carbon, such as <a title="Graphite" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite">graphite</a>, <a title="Charcoal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal">charcoal</a>, <a title="Carbon nanotube" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube">carbon nanotubes</a> and <a title="Fullerene" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene">fullerenes</a>. In this paper, a tunable hybrid metal-graphene antenna in the microwave regime is proposed. This antenna composed of the copper patch and four graphene strips. The antenna designs used for the cellular long-term evolution system and the operating frequency bands of 1.8, 2.5, 2.6, and 3.6 GHz, are evaluated to demonstrate the working principle and the performance tradeoffs. Furthermore, the proposed antenna can be tuned by varying applied DC voltage on the graphene which leads to change in the chemical potential of the graphene and hence the surface conductivity and electrical properties are changed. The simulation results reveal that the antenna operates in multi-band where scattering factor S<sub>11</sub>&lt; -10 dB. In addition, the results show that hybrid metal-graphene frequency reconfigurable antennas can, at the same time, provide a tunable bandwidth and antenna matching.</p>
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Nisar, Jawad, Xue Jiang, Biswarup Pathak, Jijun Zhao, Tae Won Kang, and Rajeev Ahuja. "Semiconducting allotrope of graphene." Nanotechnology 23, no. 38 (September 4, 2012): 385704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/38/385704.

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Elguero, José, Concepción Foces-Foces, and Antonio L. Llamas-Saiz. "Another Possible Carbon Allotrope." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 101, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19921010909.

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DI, You-Ying, Qi YANG, Chun-Sheng ZHOU, Cheng-Fang QIAO, Xiao-Wei CUI, and Sheng-Li GAO. "The Allotropes of Nonmetallic Elements (Ⅰ):An Overview of Hydrogen and Boron Allotrope." University Chemistry 32, no. 9 (2017): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201704022.

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Millecam, Todd, Austin J. Jarrett, Naomi Young, Dana E. Vanderwall, and Dennis Della Corte. "Coming of age of Allotrope: Proceedings from the Fall 2020 Allotrope Connect." Drug Discovery Today 26, no. 8 (August 2021): 1922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.028.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Allotrope"

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Leste-Lasserre, Pierre. "Sulfur allotrope chemistry." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38218.

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The synthesis of the sulfur homocycles S6, S9, S10, S12 and S20, which belong to the group of sulfur allotropes, has been achieved based on existing procedures. Polymeric sulfur Smu was also prepared.
The parameters of a small scale model reaction between 2,3-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene and S10 were optimized. Products were identified and 1H-NMR yields were calculated by comparison with an internal standard. The experimental parameters of this model served as a base for further reactions of S 10 with a variety of simple or conjugated olefins. The products of these reactions were fully isolated and characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques. The structures of a new bis-sulfurated compound having a norbornane framework and of the product obtained from the dimerization of norborn-5-ene-2,3-dithiol were also confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
The sulfur homocycles S9, S12 and S20 were also found to react with norbornene and two different 1,3-dienes. Products were identified and 1H-NMR yields for these small scale reactions were calculated by internal standard comparison. Differences and similarities with the products obtained with S10 are discussed. Sulfuration efficiencies of the different allotropes towards selected substrates are also compared.
A mechanistic study was carried out. The implication of sulfur radicals in the thermal decomposition of S10 has been suggested. Reaction mechanisms accounting for the formation of the different products observed are proposed.
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Wosylus, Aron. "Synthese und in-situ Untersuchungen dreidimensionaler Silicium- und Germaniumnetzwerke unter Druck." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1243954160355-12727.

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Schwerpunkte der Arbeit waren die Synthese und in-situ Charakterisierung metastabiler Modifikationen der Elemente Silicium und Germanium, sowie die Darstellung binärer Silicide und Germanide der Erdalkali- und Seltenerdmetalle unter Druck (bis 20 GPa) und bei hoher Temperatur (bis 2200 K). Dabei konnten die Phasenbeziehungen von Allotropen des Germaniums näher beleuchtet werden und es gelang, eine neue Germaniummodifikation, Ge(hR8), in-situ strukturell zu charakterisieren. Die neu dargestellten metastabilen binären Silicide und Germanide unterteilen sich strukturell in solche, die clathratartige Tetrel-Netzwerke mit einer Koordinationszahl von drei und vier enthalten und in jene, bei denen die Anzahl benachbarter Tetrelatome vier übersteigt. So konnten beispielsweise Netzwerke dargestellt werden, die acht homonukleare Silicium oder Germanium Kontakte im Netzwerk aufweisen. Neben der strukturellen Charakterisierung standen die Bestimmungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit und des Magnetismus, sowie die Ermittlung der thermischen Eigenschaften im Focus der Arbeit
Key aspects of the present work were the synthesis and in-situ characterization of metastable modifications of elemental silicon and germanium as well as the preparation of binary silicides and germanides of the alkaline earth and rare earth metals under pressure (up to 20 GPa) and at elevated temperatures (up to 2200 K). In that process the phase relations of germanium allotropes could be examined more closely and led to the preparation of a new germanium modification, Ge(hR8), which could be structurally characterized by in-situ experiments. The prepared silicides and germanides can be structurally separated in those containing clathrate-like networks with a coordination number of three and four and those which contain more neighbors in the network than four e.g., eight homonuclear silicon or germanium contacts in the network of CeSi5 and CeGe5. Beside the structural characterization the determination of the electrical resistivity and the magnetical properties as well as the analysis of the thermal behavior were in focus of the work
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Wosylus, Aron. "Synthese und in-situ Untersuchungen dreidimensionaler Silicium- und Germaniumnetzwerke unter Druck." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23730.

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Schwerpunkte der Arbeit waren die Synthese und in-situ Charakterisierung metastabiler Modifikationen der Elemente Silicium und Germanium, sowie die Darstellung binärer Silicide und Germanide der Erdalkali- und Seltenerdmetalle unter Druck (bis 20 GPa) und bei hoher Temperatur (bis 2200 K). Dabei konnten die Phasenbeziehungen von Allotropen des Germaniums näher beleuchtet werden und es gelang, eine neue Germaniummodifikation, Ge(hR8), in-situ strukturell zu charakterisieren. Die neu dargestellten metastabilen binären Silicide und Germanide unterteilen sich strukturell in solche, die clathratartige Tetrel-Netzwerke mit einer Koordinationszahl von drei und vier enthalten und in jene, bei denen die Anzahl benachbarter Tetrelatome vier übersteigt. So konnten beispielsweise Netzwerke dargestellt werden, die acht homonukleare Silicium oder Germanium Kontakte im Netzwerk aufweisen. Neben der strukturellen Charakterisierung standen die Bestimmungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit und des Magnetismus, sowie die Ermittlung der thermischen Eigenschaften im Focus der Arbeit.
Key aspects of the present work were the synthesis and in-situ characterization of metastable modifications of elemental silicon and germanium as well as the preparation of binary silicides and germanides of the alkaline earth and rare earth metals under pressure (up to 20 GPa) and at elevated temperatures (up to 2200 K). In that process the phase relations of germanium allotropes could be examined more closely and led to the preparation of a new germanium modification, Ge(hR8), which could be structurally characterized by in-situ experiments. The prepared silicides and germanides can be structurally separated in those containing clathrate-like networks with a coordination number of three and four and those which contain more neighbors in the network than four e.g., eight homonuclear silicon or germanium contacts in the network of CeSi5 and CeGe5. Beside the structural characterization the determination of the electrical resistivity and the magnetical properties as well as the analysis of the thermal behavior were in focus of the work.
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Hohmann, Andrea. "Rationale Synthesestrategien zur Bildung von Festkörpern:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-229467.

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Die Vorhersage und Identifizierung von stabilen und metastabilen Stoffen ist ein wichtiges Instrument zur Bildung neuer Werkstoffe. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnen Konzepte einer rationalen Synthese zunehmend an Bedeutung: Die Berechnung der elektrochemischen Spannungsreihe für Festkörper und flüchtiger Phasen ermöglicht eine einfache Vorhersage der Reaktionswege. Unter Verwendung der elektrochemischen Spannungsreihe der Systeme As / P / O und As / P / X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) kann die Bildung von Elementallotropen über die Oxid- und Halogenidverbindungen in thermitischen Reaktionen abgeleitet werden. Die Analyse der Phasenbildung wird mit einer In-situ-Methode zur Überwachung von Gasphasenreaktionen gewonnen. Im Verlauf der Phasenformationen - zur Erreichung des Fest-Gas-Gleichgewichtes - können charakteristische Effekte beobachtet werden
The prediction and identification of stable and metastable substances is an important tool to achieve new materials. With this objective in mind, concepts of a rational synthesis are gaining increasing importance: calculation of electromotive series of solids allows easy prediction of reaction pathways. Using the electromotive series of systems As/P/O and As/P/X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) the formation of element allotropes via the oxide and halide compounds in thermite type reactions can be deduced. The analysis of phase formation is acquired with an in situ method for monitoring gas-phase reactions. In the course of phase formations - attaining the solid-gas equilibrium state - characteristic effects can be observed
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Bojdys, Michael Janus. "On new allotropes and nanostructures of carbon nitrides." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4123/.

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In the first section of the thesis graphitic carbon nitride was for the first time synthesised using the high-temperature condensation of dicyandiamide (DCDA) – a simple molecular precursor – in a eutectic salt melt of lithium chloride and potassium chloride. The extent of condensation, namely next to complete conversion of all reactive end groups, was verified by elemental microanalysis and vibrational spectroscopy. TEM- and SEM-measurements gave detailed insight into the well-defined morphology of these organic crystals, which are not based on 0D or 1D constituents like known molecular or short-chain polymeric crystals but on the packing motif of extended 2D frameworks. The proposed crystal structure of this g-C3N4 species was derived in analogy to graphite by means of extensive powder XRD studies, indexing and refinement. It is based on sheets of hexagonally arranged s-heptazine (C6N7) units that are held together by covalent bonds between C and N atoms. These sheets stack in a graphitic, staggered fashion adopting an AB-motif, as corroborated by powder X-ray diffractometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. This study was contrasted with one of many popular – yet unsuccessful – approaches in the last 30 years of scientific literature to perform the condensation of an extended carbon nitride species through synthesis in the bulk. The second section expands the repertoire of available salt melts introducing the lithium bromide and potassium bromide eutectic as an excellent medium to obtain a new phase of graphitic carbon nitride. The combination of SEM, TEM, PXRD and electron diffraction reveals that the new graphitic carbon nitride phase stacks in an ABA’ motif forming unprecedentedly large crystals. This section seizes the notion of the preceding chapter, that condensation in a eutectic salt melt is the key to obtain a high degree of conversion mainly through a solvatory effect. At the close of this chapter ionothermal synthesis is seen established as a powerful tool to overcome the inherent kinetic problems of solid state reactions such as incomplete polymerisation and condensation in the bulk especially when the temperature requirement of the reaction in question falls into the proverbial “no man’s land” of classical solvents, i.e. above 250 to 300 °C. The following section puts the claim to the test, that the crystalline carbon nitrides obtained from a salt melt are indeed graphitic. A typical property of graphite – namely the accessibility of its interplanar space for guest molecules – is transferred to the graphitic carbon nitride system. Metallic potassium and graphitic carbon nitride are converted to give the potassium intercalation compound, K(C6N8)3 designated according to its stoichiometry and proposed crystal structure. Reaction of the intercalate with aqueous solvents triggers the exfoliation of the graphitic carbon nitride material and – for the first time – enables the access of singular (or multiple) carbon nitride sheets analogous to graphene as seen in the formation of sheets, bundles and scrolls of carbon nitride in TEM imaging. The thus exfoliated sheets form a stable, strongly fluorescent solution in aqueous media, which shows no sign in UV/Vis spectroscopy that the aromaticity of individual sheets was subject to degradation. The final section expands on the mechanism underlying the formation of graphitic carbon nitride by literally expanding the distance between the covalently linked heptazine units which constitute these materials. A close examination of all proposed reaction mechanisms to-date in the light of exhaustive DSC/MS experiments highlights the possibility that the heptazine unit can be formed from smaller molecules, even if some of the designated leaving groups (such as ammonia) are substituted by an element, R, which later on remains linked to the nascent heptazine. Furthermore, it is suggested that the key functional groups in the process are the triazine- (Tz) and the carbonitrile- (CN) group. On the basis of these assumptions, molecular precursors are tailored which encompass all necessary functional groups to form a central heptazine unit of threefold, planar symmetry and then still retain outward functionalities for self-propagated condensation in all three directions. Two model systems based on a para-aryl (ArCNTz) and para-biphenyl (BiPhCNTz) precursors are devised via a facile synthetic procedure and then condensed in an ionothermal process to yield the heptazine based frameworks, HBF-1 and HBF-2. Due to the structural motifs of their molecular precursors, individual sheets of HBF-1 and HBF-2 span cavities of 14.2 Å and 23.0 Å respectively which makes both materials attractive as potential organic zeolites. Crystallographic analysis confirms the formation of ABA’ layered, graphitic systems, and the extent of condensation is confirmed as next-to-perfect by elemental analysis and vibrational spectroscopy.
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Synthese und Charakterisierung neuer Allotropen und Nanostrukturen von Karbonitriden und berührt einige ihrer möglichen Anwendungen. Alle gezeigten, ausgedehnten, kovalent verbundenen Karbonitridgerüste wurden in einem ionothermalen Syntheseprozess – einer Hochtemperaturbehandlung in einem eutektischen Salzgemisch als ungewöhnlichem Lösungsmittel – aus einfachen Präkursormolkülen erzeugt. Der Kondensationsmechanismus folgt einer temperaturinduzierten Deaminierung und Bildung einer ausgedehnten, aromatischen Einheit; des dreifach substituierten Heptazines. Die Dissertation folgt vier übergreifenden Themen, beginnend mit der Einleitung in Karbonitridsysteme und der Suche nach einem Material, welches einzig aus Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff aufgebaut ist – einer Suche, die 1834 mit den Beobachtungen Justus von Liebigs „über einige Stickstoffverbindungen“ begann. Der erste Abschnitt zeigt die erfolgreiche Synthese von graphitischem Karbonitrid (g-C3N4); einer Spezies, welche auf Schichten hexagonal angeordneter s-Heptazineinheiten beruht, die durch kovalente Bindungen zwischen C- und N-Atomen zusammengehalten werden, und welche in einer graphitischen, verschobenen Art und Weise gestapelt sind. Der zweite Abschnitt berührt die Vielfalt von Salzschmelzensystemen, die für die Ionothermalsynthese geeignet sind und zeigt auf, dass die bloße Veränderung der Salzschmelze eine andere Kristallphase des graphitischen Karbonitrides ergibt – das g-C3N4-mod2. Im dritten Abschnitt wird vom Graphit bekannte Interkallationschemie auf das g-C3N4 angewendet, um eine Kalliuminterkallationsverbindung des graphitischen Karbonitirdes zu erhalten (K(C6N8)3). Diese Verbindung kann in Analogie zum graphitischen System leicht exfoliiert werden, um Bündel von Karbonitridnanoschichten zu erhalten, und weist darüberhinaus interessante optische Eigenschaften auf. Der vierte und letzte Abschnitt handelt von der Einführung von Aryl- und Biphenylbrücken in das Karbonitridmaterial durch rationale Synthese der Präkursormoleküle. Diese ergeben die heptazinbasierten Frameworks, HBF-1 und HBF-2 – zwei kovalente, organische Gerüste.
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Brommer, Dieter B. "On the mechanics of 2-dimensional carbon allotropes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100147.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [81]-[85]).
This thesis reviews the progress leading to the modem picture of 2-dimensional carbon materials, while providing new contributions into the mechanics and failure of the graph-yne family of materials. A first original contribution involves a discussion of material failure across the graphyne family and discussion of a proposed spring abstraction for these materials under mechanical loading. A second contribution is the contrast of these behaviors with graphene and the implications for proposed applications. We apply the mathematical framework of category theory to articulate the precise relation between structure and mechanics of a microscopic system in a macroscopic model domain, by maintaining the chosen molecular properties across a multitude of length scales, from the nanoscale to the continuum scale. The process demonstrates how it becomes possible to 'protoype a model', as category theory enables us to maintain certain information across disparate fields of study, distinct scales, or physical realizations of an abstract system. This method can be thought of as a prototyped model in which a behavior is brought to a different realization as a case study, we use largescale multi-material printing to examine the scaling of the Young's modulus of a particular family 2-D carbon allotropes at the macroscale and validate the printed model using experimental testing. The resulting hand-held materials can be examined more readily and yield insights beyond those available in purely digital representations which is shown through a twisting analysis.
by Dieter B. Brommer.
S.M.
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Ortolani, Luca <1979&gt. "Low-dimensional carbon allotropes: an electron microscopy investigation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1612/.

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The research reported in this manuscript concerns the structural characterization of graphene membranes and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The experimental investigation was performed using a wide range of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, from conventional imaging and diffraction, to advanced interferometric methods, like electron holography and Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA), using a low-voltage optical set-up, to reduce radiation damage in the samples. Electron holography was used to successfully measure the mean electrostatic potential of an isolated SWCNT and that of a mono-atomically thin graphene crystal. The high accuracy achieved in the phase determination, made it possible to measure, for the first time, the valence-charge redistribution induced by the lattice curvature in an individual SWCNT. A novel methodology for the 3D reconstruction of the waviness of a 2D crystal membrane has been developed. Unlike other available TEM reconstruction techniques, like tomography, this new one requires processing of just a single HREM micrograph. The modulations of the inter-planar distances in the HREM image are measured using Geometric Phase Analysis, and used to recover the waviness of the crystal. The method was applied to the case of a folded FGC, and a height variation of 0.8 nm of the surface was successfully determined with nanometric lateral resolution. The adhesion of SWCNTs to the surface of graphene was studied, mixing shortened SWCNTs of different chiralities and FGC membranes. The spontaneous atomic match of the two lattices was directly imaged using HREM, and we found that graphene membranes act as tangential nano-sieves, preferentially grafting achiral tubes to their surface.
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Lang, Hans Peter. "Scanning tunneling microscopy of layered high temperature superconductors and carbon allotropes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_3306.

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Nathaniel, James Edward II. "A computational study of electronic structures of graphene allotropes with electrical bias." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/582.

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Graphene is a two-dimensional system consisting of a single planar layer of carbon atoms with hexagonal arrangement. Various approaches have been proposed to control its physical and electronic properties. When appropriately cut, rolled, and bonded, graphene generates single-walled carbon nanotubes of varying diameters. Graphite intercalation compounds are materials formed by inserting molecular layers of compounds between stacked sheets of graphene. We have studied the physical and electronic responses of two graphene layers intercalated with FeCl3 and of metallic, semi-metallic and semiconducting nanotubes when normally biased using electric fields of various magnitudes. By means of first-principles density functional calculations, our results indicate that the band structures of the aforementioned graphene structures are modified upon application of a bias voltage. In the case of nanotubes, electric biasing allows tuning of the band gap leading to a transition from semiconducting to metallic state, or vice versa. In the case of the FeCl3 intercalant compounds, electric biasing results in shifting of the Dirac point.
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Garacci, Marion. "Evaluation de la réponse cellulaire et moléculaire d'une diatomée benthique d'eau douce à l'exposition à des nanoparticules carbonées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30250/document.

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Différentes approches ont été utilisées pour évaluer les effets de deux formes de nanoparticules de carbone (NPC), nanotubes et graphène, afin de comprendre les mécanismes de la réponse générée par la diatomée benthique d'eau douce Nitzschia palea. Les effets à l'échelle de la communauté ont démontré un impact temporaire sur la croissance du biofilm et une accumulation des NPC dans la matrice extracellulaire. L'application d'une étude transcriptomique a mis en évidence l'importance de l'interaction physique, à l'origine d'altération du frustule, dans la mise en place de cette réponse extracellulaire se traduisant par une surproduction des substances exo-polymériques (EPS). Cette approche a également révélé l'impact des NPC sur l'activité photosynthétique des diatomées et une modification du métabolisme énergétique, suggérant une allocation énergétique en faveur de la production d'EPS. L'étude du protéome extracellulaire a permis d'avoir un premier aperçu de la composition de la matrice extracellulaire, principalement constituée de protéines à caractère hydrophobe. Lors de l'exposition aux NPC, les diatomées semblent produire un système adhésif complexe permettant de renforcer la matrice extracellulaire et d'augmenter la stabilité du biofilm tout en piégeant les NPC. L'exposition des diatomées face au deux formes de NPC induit une réponse présentant une forte similitude notamment pour les plus fortes concentrations testées
Different approaches were used to assess the effect of two forms of carbon-based nanoparticles (CNP) nanotubes and graphene, in order to determine the mechanism of the response generated by the benthic freshwater diatom Nitzschia palea. The effect at the cellular community scale demonstrated a temporary impact on biofilm growth and an accumulation of NPC in the extracellular matrix. The use of transcriptomic study evidenced the role of the physic interaction, causing alteration of the frustule, in the extracellular response leading to an overexcretion of exopolymeric substances (EPS). This approach also revealed the impact of NPC on the photosynthetic activity of diatoms and a modification of the energetic metabolism suggesting an energetic allocation for the EPS production. The study of the extracellular proteome allowed to have a first insight of the extracellular matrix composition, in majority composed of hydrophobic-like proteins. In NPC exposure, diatoms seemed to produce an adhesive system allowing to strengthen the extracellular matrix and increase the biofilm stability while trapping NPC. The exposition of diatoms to the two NPC forms induce a response greatly similar for the highest tested concentration
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Books on the topic "Allotrope"

1

Allotroop. Kaapstad: Tafelberg, 1985.

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Kharisov, Boris Ildusovich, and Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova. Carbon Allotropes: Metal-Complex Chemistry, Properties and Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03505-1.

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Khokhlov, A. F. Allotropii︠a︡ kremnii︠a︡: Monografii︠a︡. Nizhniĭ Novgorod: Izd-vo Nizhegorodskogo gos. im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, 2002.

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Graphene: Carbon in two dimensions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Roe, Lisa Schassberger. Status review of Allotropa virgata, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Bitterroot and Deerlodge National Forests, Montana. Helena, Mont: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 1992.

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Poole, Jackie M. Results of field surveys for Allotropa virgata in the Beaverhead and Deerlodge National Forests. Helena, Mont: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 1992.

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Smolegovskiĭ, A. M. Istorii︠a︡ izuchenii︠a︡ poliformizma: Khimicheskiĭ aspekt : istorii︠a︡ izuchenii︠a︡ allotropii ugleroda. Moskva: In-t istorii estestvoznanii︠a︡ i tekhniki RAN, 2010.

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Kharissova, Oxana Vasilievna, and Boris Ildusovich Kharisov. Carbon Allotropes: Metal-Complex Chemistry, Properties and Applications. Springer, 2019.

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Scerri, Eric, and Elena Ghibaudi, eds. What Is A Chemical Element? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190933784.001.0001.

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The term “element” is typically used in two distinct senses. First it is taken to mean isolated simple substances such as the green gas chlorine or the yellow solid sulphur. In some languages, including English, it is also used to denote an underlying abstract concept that subsumes simple substances but possesses no properties as such. The allotropes and isotopes of carbon, for example, all represent elements in the sense of simple substances. However, the unique position for the element carbon in the periodic table refers to the abstract sense of “element.” The dual definition of elements proposed by the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry contrasts an abstract meaning and an operational one. Nevertheless, the philosophical aspects of this notion are not fully captured by the IUPAC definition, despite the fact that they were crucial for the construction of the periodic table. This pivotal chemical notion remains ambiguous and such ambiguity raises problems at the epistemic, logical, and educational levels. These aspects are discussed throughout the book, from different perspectives. This collective book provides an overview of the current state of the debate on the notion of chemical element. Its authors are historians of chemistry, philosophers of chemistry, and chemists with epistemological and educational concerns.
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Book chapters on the topic "Allotrope"

1

Kocsis, Ashley, and Steven W. Cranford. "Carbyne: A One-Dimensional Carbon Allotrope." In Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, 3–25. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. | “A CRC title.” |: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371337-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Allotropes." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_456.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Allotropy." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_457.

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Scherrmann, Jean-Michel, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, et al. "Allotropy." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4047.

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Bucknum, Michael J., and Eduardo A. Castro. "High Pressure Synthesis of the Carbon Allotrope Hexagonite with Carbon Nanotubes in a Diamond Anvil Cell." In Carbon Bonding and Structures, 79–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1733-6_5.

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Sun, Chang Q. "Carbon Allotropes." In Electron and Phonon Spectrometrics, 143–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3176-7_7.

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Kharisov, Boris Ildusovich, and Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova. "Conventional Carbon Allotropes." In Carbon Allotropes: Metal-Complex Chemistry, Properties and Applications, 9–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03505-1_2.

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Mathiasch, B. "Allotropy of Tin." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 76–77. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145234.ch47.

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Sisler, H. H. "In Phosphorus Allotropes." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 18. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145210.ch6.

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Sun, Ya-Ping. "Nanoscale Carbon Allotropes." In Carbon Dots, 7–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41184-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Allotrope"

1

Rahman, Md Mahabubur, M. Saifur Rahman, K. Akter Rikta, Md Masud Rana, Md Shamim Anower, and Alok Kumar Paul. "Promising SPR Biosensors Applying 2D Materials with α-SnSe Allotrope for Sensing Applications." In 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tensymp50017.2020.9230894.

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Manshina, Alina, Yuriy Petrov, I. Kolesnikov, N. V. Mitetelo, T. V. Murzina, M. A. Butt, M. Neugebauer, Peter Banzer, and Gerd Leuchs. "2D carbon allotrope with incorporated Au-Ag nanoclusters – Laser-induced synthesis and optical characterization." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2018.th1g.2.

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Manshina, Alina A., Anastasiya V. Povolotskaya, Yuriy V. Petrov, Elena Willinger, Marc-Georg Willinger, Peter Banzer, and Gerd Leuchs. "Novel 2D carbon allotrope intercalated with Au-Ag nanoclusters: from laser design to functionality." In Novel Optical Materials and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/noma.2017.notu2c.4.

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Haque, Mohammad Rejaul, and Amy Rachel Betz. "Atmospheric Condensation Performance of Plain Copper and Graphene Oxide Coated Copper Surfaces." In ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2018-7610.

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Atmospheric condensation is important for multiple practical applications such as distillation/desalination of water, aerospace, dehumidification, and water harvesting etc. Graphene, an allotrope of carbon with two dimensional structure, has excellent thermal and electrical properties. Here we present condensation studies of water on plain copper and graphene oxide (GO) coated copper surface with different environmental conditions to explore the size distribution of the generated droplets and area coverage in order to characterize the surfaces for larger condensate harvesting. Later, droplet growth and size distributions were recorded for 41 minutes 20 seconds on the surfaces at 40% and 60% relative humidities with a surface temperature of 278 ± 0.5 K. The chamber was maintained at atmospheric pressure and 295 ± 0.5 K. The samples were observed via optical microscopy and videos of the condensation dynamics were captured. The droplet grew mainly by direct condensation and coalescence event. At later stages of condensation, surface coverage increased significantly compared to early stages for all the considered cases. Approximate 95% surface coverage was observed for GO coated copper surface which provides a great insight of this substrates for implementing it in the desired water harvesting applications. The pinning of droplets into the micro/nanostructures of the coated surfaces leads enough time for the first generation droplets to grow in larger size and made more preferential for subsequent coalescence events. Within the initial period of condensation, the number of droplets reduced according to power law decay. The contribution of coalescence mechanism in droplet growth was found larger for 60% RH than 40% RH. As droplet grew larger, direct growth became less significant compared to coalescence phenomenon.
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Pérez-Bernal, Francisco, and Lorenzo Fortunato. "A tale of two allotropes." In Symmetries and Order: Algebraic Methods in Many Body Systems: A symposium in celebration of the career of Professor Francesco Iachello. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5124578.

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Kumar, Gagnesh, and Sunil Agrawal. "CMOS limitations and futuristic carbon allotropes." In 2017 8th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemcon.2017.8117151.

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Wei, Wei, Saiyu Qi, Yong Qi, Wei Wang, and Min Xi. "Allotropy Programming Paradigm for Ubiquitous Computing Environment." In 2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccit.2007.414.

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Wei, Wei, Saiyu Qi, Yong Qi, Wei Wang, and Min Xi. "Allotropy Programming Paradigm for Ubiquitous Computing Environment." In 2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccit.2007.4420311.

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Mufthas, M. R. M., and C. S. Rupasinghe. "3D Modelling of Carbon Allotropes Used in Nanotechnology." In 2010 Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ams.2010.97.

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Wang, Zhanyu, S. Y. Wang, R. J. Zhang, Y. X. Zheng, L. Y. Chen, C. Z. Wang, K. M. Ho, and W. S. Su. "Electronic and optical properties of novel carbon allotropes." In Optical Nanostructures and Advanced Materials for Photovoltaics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pv.2015.jtu5a.14.

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Reports on the topic "Allotrope"

1

Story, Natasha Claire. Polymer Composites Reinforced by Carbon-Allotrope Fillers for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) - A Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1603967.

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Stevens, Michael Francis. Mechanical Metallurgy of Plutonium Metal, Alloys, and Allotropes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617338.

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Partee, Jonathan. Optically detected magnetic resonance studies on π-conjugate polymers and novel carbon allotropes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/348885.

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Lopez, P. C., J. R. Cost, and K. M. Axler. Martensitic nature of {delta} {yields} {gamma} allotropic transformation in plutonium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/378831.

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