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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alloy grain structure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Alloy grain structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alloy grain structure"

1

Chi, Xiang, Ying Li, De-quan Er, et al. "Study of Structure and Magnetic Properties of SmCo10 Alloy Prepared by Different Methods." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6457534.

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In this paper, the phase compositions, microstructures, atomic structures, and magnetic properties of Co-rich SmCo10 alloys prepared by arc-melting, annealing, and melt-spinning were studied. It was found that as-cast alloy is composed of Th2Zn17-type Sm2Co17 matrix with an average grain size of ∼45 μm accompanied by lamellar eutecticum (consisting of α-Co and Th2Zn17-type Sm2Co17) distributed at grain boundaries. The annealed alloy has the same phase composition and phase distribution as the as-cast alloy except that the average grain size decreases to ∼35 μm, and the eutecticum has more homogeneous distribution on the matrix. Simultaneously, the atomic structure of Sm2Co17 is unchanged with only a decrease in structural disorder after annealing. The as-spun ribbons are composed of ∼95.5 vol.% TbCu7-type Sm2Co17 and the rest α-Co. The short rod-shaped α-Co grains are intermittently distributed at the grain boundaries of equiaxed Sm2Co17 grains. The as-spun ribbons show a higher coercivity, and the annealed alloy shows maximum magnetization. The structural parameters were calculated by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), and the relationship between structure and magnetic properties was discussed in detail.

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2

Perevalova, O. B., N. A. Koneva, and É. V. Kozlov. "Grain structure of Ni3Fe alloy." Russian Physics Journal 42, no. 11 (1999): 952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02509688.

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Yang, Zhenquan, Aibin Ma, Huan Liu, et al. "Multimodal Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Mg Alloy Prepared by Equal Channel Angular Pressing plus Aging." Metals 8, no. 10 (2018): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100763.

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Developing cost-effective magnesium alloys with high strength and good ductility is a long-standing challenge for lightweight metals. Here we present a multimodal grain structured AZ91 Mg alloy with both high strength and good ductility, prepared through a combined processing route of low-pass ECAP with short-time aging. This multimodal grain structure consisted of coarse grains and fine grains modified by heterogeneous precipitates, which resulted from incomplete dynamic recrystallization. This novel microstructure manifested in both superior high strength (tensile strength of 360 MPa) and good ductility (elongation of 21.2%). The high strength was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of grain refinement, back-stress strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. The favorable ductility, meanwhile, was ascribed to the grain refinement and multimodal grain structure. We believe that our microstructure control strategy could be applicable to magnesium alloys which exhibit obvious precipitation strengthening potential.

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Mackenzie, R. A. D., M. D. Vaudin, and S. L. Sass. "Grain boundary structure in Ni3Al." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100105072.

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Ni3Al is a potentially useful high temperature alloy. In its single crystal form it exhibits good ductility, however in polycrystalline form the pure alloy is highly prone to intergranular failure. It has been seen that in slightly nickel-rich alloys the addition of small amounts of boron has the effect of dramatically increasing the material ductility and of changing the failure mode from intergranular to transgranular. In alloys which have been ductilitized by boron addition, atom probe investigation has shown the boron to be segregated to grain boundaries. This segregation may induce a change in the boundary structure as has been seen by Sickafus and Sass in gold doped iron bicrystals.Small angle boundaries in polycrystals and fabricated bicrystals have been examined using transmission electron microscopy. The bicrystals were produced by hot pressing misoriented single crystals of either pure or doped Ni3Al. Boundaries have been observed in a variety of fabricated bicrystals.

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Zhao, Da Zhi, Ke Hu, and Qi Chi Le. "The Influence of Un-DRXed Grains on Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Mn-La-Ce Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.237.

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The effect of extrusion temperature on the mechanical properties of low-Zn containing wrought Mg alloys manufactured by indirect extrusion was studied. The experiments were performed on Mg-Zn-Mn based alloy with addition of LaMM (La rich misch metal). The alloys presented typical bimodal grain structure consisted of large elongated un-DRXed grains and fine recrystallized grains when extruded at relatively low temperature. The alloy showed excellent balance of strength and elongation. The distinct grain structure generated in this study allowed the influence of un-DRXed grains on yield strength to be investigated.

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Li, Jian Ping, Li Bang Zeng, Da Heng Mao, and Hong Feng Jiang. "Experimental Research on Ultrasound Cast-Rolling Lead Alloy Strip." Advanced Materials Research 366 (October 2011): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.181.

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With the ultrasound was put into the experiment of cast-rolling lead alloy strip, it broke the dendrite structures and enhanced the under-cooling by the effect of cavity and acoustic streaming. The microstructure comparison of ultrasound and general cast-rolling shows that: The grain size of general cast-rolled lead strip is big; the grain boundary is coarse and the organization structure is uneven. However, the grain structure is refined, smaller grains and uniform organization structure is acquired with ultrasound treatment. Besides, the mechanical properties test results of the two kinds lead alloys shows that the ultrasound cast-rolling lead alloys are better than general cast-rolling. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of ultrasound cast-rolling lead strip are increased by 11.30%, 22.15% and 21.74% than that of general cast-rolling lead strip.

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7

Pasang, Timotius, V. Satanin, M. Ramezani, M. Waseem, Thomas Neitzert, and O. Kamiya. "Formability of Magnesium Alloys AZ80 and ZE10." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.284.

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Formability of two magnesium alloys, namely, AZ80 and ZE10, has been investigated. Both alloys were supplied with a thickness of 0.8 mm. The grain structure of the as-received AZ80 alloy showed dislocations, twins and second-phase particles and-/or precipitates distributed uniformly within grains. These were not obvious on the ZE10 alloy. The investigations were carried out at room temperature for both alloys in the as-received and heat treated conditions (410oC for 1 hour followed by water quench). The heat treatment significantly changed the grain structure of the AZ80 alloy, but did not affect the ZE10 alloy apart from grain enlargement. The formability was studied on the basis of plastic strain ratio (r) and strain hardening coefficient (n) by means of tensile testing. In the as-received condition, the ZE10 alloy had a slightly better formability () than AZ80 alloy. Following heat treatment, however, the formability of the AZ80 alloy was improved significantly (by about 26%), while the ZE10 alloy did not show any significant change.

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Tang, Haochun, Tso-Fu Mark Chang, Yaw-Wang Chai, et al. "Nanoscale Hierarchical Structure of Twins in Nanograins Embedded with Twins and the Strengthening Effect." Metals 9, no. 9 (2019): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090987.

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Hierarchical structures of 20 nm grains embedded with twins are realized in electrodeposited Au–Cu alloys. The electrodeposition method allows refinement of the average grain size to 20 nm order, and the alloying stabilizes the nanoscale grain structure. Au–Cu alloys are face-centered cubic (FCC) metals with low stacking fault energy that favors formation of growth twins. Due to the hierarchical structure, the Hall–Petch relationship is still observed when the crystalline size (average twin space) is refined to sub 10 nm region. The yield strength reaches 1.50 GPa in an electrodeposited Au–Cu alloy composed of 16.6 ± 1.1 nm grains and the average twin spacing at 4.7 nm.

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Son, Hyeon Taek, Jae Seol Lee, Young Kyun Kim, Ik Hyun Oh, Kyosuke Yoshimi, and Kouichi Maruyama. "Effects of Samarium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca Alloys." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.295.

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As samarium addition was increased, α- Mg matrix morphology was changed from dendritic to equiaxed grains and average value of grain size was decreased from 101.6㎛ to 39.3㎛. Samarium addition to Mg-5Al-3Ca based alloys resulted in the formation of Mg-Al-Sm thernary intermetallic compounds at grain boundarys and α-Mg matrix grains. In these alloys, two kinds of eutectic structure were observed; coarse irregular-shape structure at grain boundary and fine needle-shape structure in the α-Mg matrix grain. It is found that the yield strength and ultimate strength showed the maximum value of 109.1MPa and 139.3 at Mg-5Al-3Ca-2Sm alloy, respectively.

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Ko, Jun Yeong, and Sun Ig Hong. "Effect of Carbon Addition on the Cast and Rolled Microstructures of FeCoCrNiMn High Entropy Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.16.

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In this study, the effect of carbon addition the cast and rolled microstructures of Cantor alloy type FeCoCrNiMn high entropy alloys. Both as-cast FeCoCrNiMn and FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 alloys have dendritic microstructure. Small particles, which may be associated carbon addition exist in the dendrite arms in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 alloy. After homogenization treatment at 1327K for 24 hrs., dendritic structure was completely eliminated after annealing. Dendritic structure was converted to the structure with elongated grains, especially for carbon added FeCoCrNiMnC0.1. The development of elongated grains is associated with the direction of the primary arms in the dendritic structure. Carbides are segregated at the grain boundaries in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 alloy. It also appears that growth of grains is impeded by the segregation of carbides. It is apparent that the grain boundary precipitates are Cr-rich. Both the strength and ductility of FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 increased over FeCoCrNiMn with the addition of 0.1 wt. % carbon. The increase of ductility in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 may be caused by the rapid hardening in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 due to dislocation-solute interaction.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alloy grain structure"

1

Flood, S. C. "Factors affecting the grain structure during solidification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355749.

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Bommareddy, Aravinda Reddy Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Thermal stability of submicron grain structure in an Al-Sc alloy." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41492.

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been used over the past few decades for producing submicron grain (SMG) structures in range of metals and alloys. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a useful process for producing these types of structures whereby the material is deformed to very high plastic strains by passing a billet several times through the ECAP die. This process has an added advantage maintaining the initial dimensions of the billet. SMG materials produced by ECAP and related routes are useful as they usually exhibit excellent properties including high strength and hardness, and excellent superplastic formability: these and other properties make SMG materials useful for industrial and aerospace applications. In this thesis, a binary aluminium alloy containing a very low concentration of scandium (0.1 wt. %) Sc alloy was investigated and compared with higher Sc-containing alloys. The material was deformed by ECAP in the solution treated condition to an equivalent von Mises strain of 9.2 then pre-aged at 250 0C to generate a submicron grained material containing a relatively uniform dispersion of nanosized Al3Sc dispersiods. The thermal stability of this pre-aged microstructure was investigated by annealing at temperatures up to 450 0C resulted in continuous grain coarsening by the process of continuous recrystallization whereby the initial microstructure evolves gradually with no marked change in the grain size distribution, texture and grain boundary character. However, extended annealing (> 1h) at 4500 C resulted in discontinuous grain coarsening (often termed recrystallization) whereby a few grains grow rapidly to eventually produce a coarse-grained final microstructure. Throughout annealing, there was a good correlation between the dispersion parameter, (f/d) where f and d is the volume fraction and the mean diameter of Al3Sc particles in the alloy, respectively, and both the mean grain size (D ) and D /D max where max D is the maximum grain diameter observed in the microstructure. The grain structure was found to undergo moderate coarsening at the high f/d-values but converted to a coarsegrained structure for f/d ~<0.5/μm, and this change occurred when the mean grain diameter was ~ 3-4μm. Hence, the critical value of the dispersion parameter for the transition from continuous to discontinuous coarsening falls between the theoretical value for submicron grain size alloys (f/d ~ 1.5/μm) and the value found for conventionally-deformed alloys (f/d ~ 0.1/μm). This behaviour is the result of the alloy no longer being ultra-fine grained at the onset of discontinuous coarsening.

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Knowlton, Brett D. (Brett Douglas). "The effects of grain structure and Cu distribution on the relability of near-bamboo Al-Cu alloy interconnects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10379.

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4

Williams, Cory R. "The Effects of Scandium and Zirconium Additions on Aluminum Mechanical Properties, Post-Braze Grain Structure, and Extrusion." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1331521298.

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5

Hlavnička, Radek. "Únavové vlastnosti ultrajemnozrnných Mg slitin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231379.

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This thesis deals with the influence of grain refinement by ECAP on fatigue properties of magnesium alloy AZ 91. Tensile and fatigue tests were made on the as-cast state samples and samples after ECAP process. Metallographic analysis of the microstructure and fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces was performed.

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Dorban, Andrew Michael. "Superplasticity of Quasi single phase alloys : the influence of grain structure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498228.

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7

Kerans, Ronald James. "Structure of grain boundaries and aspects of deformation behavior in Ni?Al alloys /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487592050230755.

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8

Laukli, Hans Ivar. "High Pressure Die Casting of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys : Grain Structure and Segregation Characteristics." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-379.

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<p>Cold chamber high pressure die casting, (HPDC), is an important commercial process for the production of complex near net shape aluminium and magnesium alloy castings. The work presented in the thesis was aimed at investigating the microstructure formation in this type of casting. The solidification characteristics related to the process and the alloys control the formation of grains and defects. This again has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the castings.</p><p>The investigations were carried out mainly using the AM60 magnesium alloy and the A356 aluminium alloy. Two different casting arrangements were used: the cold chamber HPDC and the gravity die casting methods, which allowed for different flow and solidification conditions. The microstructures in the castings were investigated using optical microscopy, image analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction measurements and electron probe microanalysis.</p><p>In the HPDC experiments, the shot sleeve solidification conditions were investigated primarily by changing the melt superheat on pouring. This significantly affected the microstructures in the castings. The fraction of externally solidified crystals (ESCs) was consistently found to be largest near the gate in both the AM60 and the A356 die castings. This was attributed to the inherent shot sleeve solidification conditions and the flow set up by the plunger movement. When the superheat was increased, a lower fraction of ESCs was found in the castings. Furthermore, a high superheat gave ESCs with branched dendritic/elongated trunk morphology whilst a low superheat generated coarser and more globular ESCs, both in the AM60 and the A356 castings. The ESCs typically segregated towards the central region of the cross sections at further distances from the gate in the die castings.</p><p>When a thin layer of thermal insulating coating was applied on the shot sleeve wall in the production of AM60 die castings, it nearly removed all ESCs in the castings. Using an A356 alloy, (and no shot sleeve coating), with no Ti in solution gave a significantly lower fraction of ESCs, whereas AlTi5B1 grain refiner additions induced an increase in the fraction of ESCs and a significantly finer grain size in the castings. The formation of globular ESCs was enhanced when AlTi5B1 grain refiner was added to the A356 alloy.</p><p>In controlled laboratory gravity die casting experiments, typical HPDC microstructures were created by pouring semi-solid metal into a steel die: The ESCs were found to segregate/migrate to the central region during flow, until a maximum packing, (fraction of ESCs of ~35-40%), was reached. The extent of segregation is determined by the fraction of ESCs, and the die temperature affects the position of the ESCs. The segregation of ESCs was explained to occur during flow as a result of lift forces.</p><p>The formation of banded defects has also been studied: the position of the bands was affected by the die temperature and the fraction of ESCs. Based on the nature of the bands and their occurrence, a new theory on the formation of defect bands was proposed: During flow the solid distribution from the die wall consists of three regions: 1) a solid fraction gradient at the wall; 2) a low solid fraction region which carries (3) a network of ESCs. A critical fraction solid exists where the deformation rate exceeds the interdendritic flow rate. When the induced stress exceeds the network strength, deformation can occur by slip, followed by liquid flow. The liquid flow is caused by solidification shrinkage, hydrostatic pressure on the interior ESC network, and gaps forming which draw in liquid.</p>

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Mirabelli, Thomas G. "The effect of gravity on the evolution of pore and grain structure during liquid-phase sintering." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20021.

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Li, Shimin. "Hot Tearing in Cast Aluminum Alloys: Measures and Effects of Process Variables." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/203.

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Hot tearing is a common and severe defect encountered in alloy castings and perhaps the pivotal issue defining an alloy's castability. Once it occurs, the casting has to be repaired or scraped, resulting in significant loss. Over the years many theories and models have been proposed and accordingly many tests have been developed. Unfortunately many of the tests that have been proposed are qualitative in nature; meanwhile, many of the prediction models are not satisfactory as they lack quantitative information, data and knowledge base. The need exists for a reliable and robust quantitative test to evaluate/characterize hot tearing in cast alloys. This work focused on developing an advanced test method and using it to study hot tearing in cast aluminum alloys. The objectives were to: 1) develop a reliable experimental methodology/setup to quantitatively measure and characterize hot tearing; and 2) quantify the mechanistic contributions of the process variables and investigate their effects on hot tearing tendency. The team at MPI in USA and CANMET-MTL in Canada has collaborated and developed such a testing setup. It consists mainly of a constrained rod mold and the load/displacement and temperature measuring system, which gives quantitative, simultaneous measurements of the real-time contraction force/displacement and temperature during solidification of casting. The data provide information about hot tearing formation and solidification characteristics, from which their quantitative relations are derived. Quantitative information such as tensile coherency, incipient crack refilling, crack initiation and propagation can be obtained. The method proves to be repeatable and reliable and has been used for studying the effects of various parameters (mold temperature, pouring temperature and grain refinement) on hot tearing of different cast aluminum alloys. In scientific sense this method can be used to study and reveal the nature of the hot tearing, for industry practice it provides a tool for production control. Moreover, the quantitative data and fundamental knowledge gained in this thesis can be used for validating and improving the existing hot tearing models.

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Books on the topic "Alloy grain structure"

1

Gayda, John. Burst testing of a superalloy disk with a dual grain structure. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.

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2

Ortiz, Ramiro O. Biaxial creep behavior of an aluminum alloy with oriented grain structure. 1987.

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Pete, Kantzos, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Burst testing of a superalloy disk with a dual grain structure. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alloy grain structure"

1

Hao, Hai, Xiaoteng Liu, Yingde Song, and Xingguo Zhang. "Coupled Macro-Micro Modeling for Prediction of Grain Structure of Mg-Al Alloy." In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_337.

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Hao, Hai, Xiaoteng Liu, Yingde Song, and Xingguo Zhang. "Coupled Macro-Micro Modeling for Prediction of Grain Structure of Mg-Al Alloy." In PRICM. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch337.

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Shon, In Jin, Seok Jae Lee, Young Seob Seo, Young Kook Lee, Yong Hwan Jeong, and Chong Sool Choi. "Effect of Initial Structure on Recrystallized Austenite Grain Size of Fe-32%Ni Alloy." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.175.

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Amanov, Auezhan, Young-Sik Pyun, Wang Qingyuan, and Muhammad Kashif Khan. "Fine Grain Structure as Palliatives for Fretting Wear of Inconel 718 Alloy at Various Temperatures." In 8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119016854.ch43.

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Jena, Pradipta Kumar, K. Siva Kumar, R. K. Mandal, and A. K. Singh. "Effect of Directional Grain Structure on Microstructure, Mechanical and Ballistic Properties of an AA-7017 Aluminium Alloy Plate." In Advances in Lightweight Materials and Structures. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7827-4_41.

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Li, Weibo, and Osamu Umezawa. "Effects of A Grain Structure on Cyclic Deformation of Ti-Fe-O Alloy at Low Temperature." In Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119296126.ch144.

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Lim, S. M., Mohamed El Wahabi, C. Desrayaud, and Frank Montheillet. "The Refinement of Grain Structure in a High-Purity α-Iron Base Alloy under Multiaxial Compression." In THERMEC 2006 Supplement. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-429-4.900.

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Shanmugasundaram, Prasad P., Narayani Narasimhan, and Balasivanadha Prabhu. "Processing and Characterization of Ultra-Fine Grain Structure in Al Alloy by Equal Channel Angular Pressing." In EPD Congress 2011. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118495285.ch22.

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Yang, Muxin, Dingshun Yan, Fuping Yuan, Ping Jiang, Evan Ma, and Xiaolei Wu. "Dynamically Reinforced Heterogeneous Grain Structure Prolongs Ductility in a Medium-Entropy Alloy with Gigapascal Yield Strength." In Heterostructured Materials. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003153078-36.

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Galiyev, A., R. Kaibyshev, and M. Almakaev. "Development of New Grain Structure and Tensile Properties Improving in a Hot Pressed and ECAP Processed ZK60 Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603565.ch31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alloy grain structure"

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McCracken, Steven L., X. Yu, Y. C. Lim, D. F. Farson, and S. S. Babu. "Grain Structure Refinement in Nickel Alloy Welds by Magnetic Arc Stirring." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57681.

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Nickel alloys with high chromium content provide optimum resistant to stress corrosion cracking for service in the reactor coolant system of commercial nuclear power plants. High chromium nickel-base alloys however present many challenges, such as less than ideal weldability and susceptibility to solidification cracking or solid-state cracking depending on welding conditions and dilution effects with dissimilar metals. Moreover, the presence of large solidification grains, typical of nickel alloy weld metals, makes ultrasonic examination of the weldment difficult. Magnetic stirring of the nickel alloy weld pool has the potential to address these challenges and improve joining, overlay welding, cladding, and repair of critical components in commercial nuclear power plants. This study evaluates use of magnetic arc stirring to modify weld pool solidification conditions in order to promote a fine solidification grain structure in nickel alloy welds.

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Chang, D. A., R. Nasser-Rafi, and S. L. Robertson. "Mechanical Properties of Controlled Grain Structure (CGS) Alloy 718." In Superalloys. TMS, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/1991/superalloys_1991_271_286.

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Zaikina, A. A., O. V. Sizova, and O. S. Novitskaya. "Comparative analysis of the friction stir welded aluminum-magnesium alloy joint grain structure." In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932927.

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Zolnikov, K. P., A. V. Korchuganov, and D. S. Kryzhevich. "Grain boundary effect on radiation damage in Fe–Cr alloy." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2017 (AMHS’17). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5013920.

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McLeod, Logan S., Levent F. Degertekin, and Andrei G. Fedorov. "Grain Boundary Diffusion of Hydrogen in Nano-Structured Pd/Ag Alloy Membranes." In ASME 2008 3rd Energy Nanotechnology International Conference collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/enic2008-53014.

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Palladium and its alloys have long been used as hydrogen separation membranes due to their extremely high permeability and selectivity to hydrogen over all other gases [1]. The hydrogen permeation process begins with selective chemisorption of the gas onto the metal surface. As the adsorption process is the point in the permeation sequence where the majority of gases become excluded, it follows that a cleverly designed device could be created to take advantage of the so-called ‘fast’ diffusion paths of surface and grain-boundary diffusion to further enhance permeability without sacrificing selectivity. The contribution of grain-boundary diffusion to the overall permeation rate is dependent on the relative volume in the membrane occupied by grain-boundaries versus bulk material. Typically, grain boundaries only make up a miniscule fraction of the overall volume and therefore only contribute an appreciable amount to the overall diffusion process at temperatures low enough to make the bulk diffusion process nearly stagnant. However, in the case of a nanostructured membrane this paradigm is no longer valid. The fabrication methods associated with extremely thin membrane deposition typically lead to highly non-equilibrium microstructure with an average grain size on the order of tens of nanometers [2]. In order to exploit the potential advantages of grain boundary diffusion the nano-scale grains must persist throughout operation. To avoid the tendency for the grain structure to relax to a more equiaxed, coarse-grained morphology the self-diffusion of metal atoms in the film must be minimized by operating the membranes at a temperature much lower than the membrane melting temperature. Figure 1 shows the microstructural changes in a thin, sputtered, Pd/Ag alloy film before and after annealing. The initial fine-grained structure on the bottom surface of the membrane is due to a combination of low substrate temperature during deposition and the Ti adhesion layer onto which the Pd/Ag layer was deposited. After annealing at 400 C the grains have coarsened and the top and bottom structure are identical.

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Kalashnikov, K. N., T. A. Kalashnikova, A. V. Chumaevskii, et al. "Friction-stir processed ultrafine grain high-strength Al-Mg alloy material." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2017 (AMHS’17). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5013756.

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7

Zhu, Qifang, Yurii Sharkeev, Anna Eroshenko, et al. "Grain characteristics and mechanical properties of bioinert Ti-40 wt. % Nb alloy." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5132268.

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8

Kikuchi, Ryo, Shujiro Suzuki, and Ken Suzuki. "Molecular Dynamics Analysis of the Acceleration of Intergranular Cracking of Ni-Base Superalloy Caused by Accumulation of Vacancies and Dislocations Around Grain Boundaries." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23352.

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Abstract Ni-based superalloys with excellent high temperature strength have been used in advanced thermal power plants. It was found that grain boundary cracking is caused in the alloy under creep-fatigue loading due to the degradation of the crystallinity of grain boundaries and the grain boundary cracking degrades the lifetime of the alloy drastically. In order to clarify the mechanism of intergranular cracking, in this research, static and dynamic strains were applied to a bicrystal structure of the alloy perpendicularly to the grain boundary using molecular dynamics analysis. In addition, the effect of the accumulation of vacancies in the area with high-density of dislocations on the strength of the bicrystal structure was analysed. It was found that the fracture mode of the bicrystal structure changed from ductile transgranular fracture to brittle intergranular one as strong functions of the combination of Schmid factor of the two grains and the density of defects around the grain boundary. The local heavy plastic deformation occurred around the grain boundary with large difference in Schmid factor between nearby grains and the diffusion of the newly grown dislocations and vacancies was suppressed by the large strain field due to the large mismatch of the crystallographic orientation between the grains. The accumulation of vacancies accelerated the local plastic deformation around the grain boundary. Therefore, the mechanism of the acceleration of intergranular cracking under creep-fatigue loading was successfully clarified by MD analysis.

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Deng, Rurong, Peng Yun, and Xuemei Huang. "The research on die structure of aluminum alloy bars for preventing the coarse grain." In 5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icadme-15.2015.323.

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McGhee, Paul, Sergey Yarmolenko, Devdas Pai, et al. "Effect of Extrusion Processing Parameters on Microstructure of Mg-Zr Alloys." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70627.

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The micro-alloying effect, mechanical properties, and plastic deformation behavior of extruded Mg-Zr alloy were investigated and characterized as a function of Zr addition, grain size, and texture. The experimental methodology used in this study was design to exploit the hot-extrusion processing parameters (in the terms of extrusion ratios and temperature) and its effect on Mg extruded alloys microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties. Microstructural observations revealed significant grain refinement through a combination of Zr addition and hot-extrusion, producing fine equiaxed grain structure with grain sizes ranging between 1–5 μm. Texture analysis and partial compression testing results showed that the initial texture of the extruded alloy gradually evolved upon compressive loading along the c-axes inducing contraction twinning creating a strong basal texture along the extrusion direction. Full tensile and compression test at room temperature showed that the combination of hot-extrusion and Zr addition can further refine the grains of the Mg alloys microstructure and enhance the texture while simultaneously enhancing the mechanical properties.

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Reports on the topic "Alloy grain structure"

1

Baker, I. The structure and properties of grain boundaries in B2 ordered alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5722753.

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Baker, I. The structure and properties of grain boundaries in B2 ordered alloys: Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6227765.

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Baker, I. The structure and properties of grain boundaries in B2 ordered alloys. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10120921.

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4

Was, G. S. The role of grain boundary chemistry and structure in the environmentally-assisted intergranular cracking of nickel-base alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7039707.

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Was, G. S. The role of grain boundary chemistry and structure in the environmentally-assisted intergranular cracking of nickel-base alloys. Progress report, [December 1, 1990--November 31, 1993]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104654.

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Was, G. S. The role of grain boundary chemistry and structure in the environmentally-assisted intergranular cracking of nickel-base alloys. Progress report, August 1, 1991--July 31, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187369.

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