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1
Grenfell, S., and M. Grenfell. "Characterising the late Quaternary facies stratigraphy of floodplains in South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 4 (2021): 963–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0056.
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Abstract South African river floodplains and their alluvial deposits reflect a diversity of geological and geographical drivers. We use a genetic geomorphic classification system originally developed for dryland wetlands to characterise geomorphic processes and potential successions of sedimentary fill for South African floodplains. Using case studies from the literature, we consider differences between alluvial rivers and mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers in the context of macro-scale geomorphic setting, and evaluate the impact of the setting on floodplain persistence and potential as a palaeo-environmental archive. Sedimentary facies associations represented in South African floodplains, including lateral and oblique accretion, channel, channel infill, levee vertical accretion, floodplain vertical accretion and debris flow deposits, are also evaluated. Floodplains of South Africa’s interior are typically mixed bedrock-alluvial as channel beds are set upon or close to bedrock and sediment thickness is limited. By contrast some floodplains in tectonic basin settings have sediment deposits exceeding 30 m in thickness. The resulting rivers are alluvial, and thus able to adjust their width, depth and slope to accommodate changes in discharge and sediment supply. Similarly, coastal floodplain rivers are alluvial due to downcutting during the last glacial maximum and subsequent sedimentary infilling as sea levels rose. When considering the potential of floodplains as palaeoarchives of environmental change, two considerations emerge. First, floodplain stratigraphy is not a response to a single variable due to complex process-form feedbacks. Rather, floodplain stratigraphy is an outcome of both autogenic and allogenic processes. Second, most South African floodplains are zones of sediment recycling, and as such, preservation potential is typically low. Thus, although floodplain settings of the interior may be a few million years old, the sediment within them may be only thousands to tens of thousands of years old. Our review indicates that research has historically focused on meandering river and mixed bedrock-alluvial anabranching river floodplains, while understanding of other floodplain sub-types remains limited.
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Martynov, A. V. "Available for plants phosphorus in the floodplain catenas of the Amur River." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 107 (July 12, 2021): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-107-61-91.
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This work was carried out to study the content and distribution of available for plants phosphorus in different types of floodplain soils along five catenas located in the upper and the middle Amur. It was found that the available for plants phosphorus forms in the soils of floodplains are influenced by the following factors: the structure of the river system, the type of floodplain, the type of vegetation cover, and soil-forming processes. During the long-term transportation of alluvium along the river bed, its hydrogenic weathering occurs with the release of phosphorus into river waters. In the absence of tributaries serving as additional sources of alluvium, the phosphorus content decreases downstream. More intense floodplain and alluvial processes in small floodplains provide renewal of the soil profile and replenishment of phosphorus reserves. In the soils under the birch forest, there is a significant accumulation of phosphorus, in comparison with the soils under meadow vegetation. The development of gley processes leads to active mobilization of phosphorus, but the long-term exposure leads to the depletion of its total reserves. The illimerization processes, initiated and developing when the floodplain hydrological regime of alluvial soils is changed to another one, promote the migration of iron oxides and phosphorus, adsorbed by the former, beyond the soil profile. To summarize, the average content of available for plants phosphorus, depending on the type of soil, decreases downstream from 300–100 mg/kg in the upper Amur to 170–20 mg/kg in the middle Amur. Available for plants of phosphorus are best provided in primitive alluvial layered soils, while in residual floodplain brunezems the lowest content is recorded.
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Perets, Khrystyna, Oksana Vovk, Oleh Orlov, and Olena Lutsyshyn. "The properties of river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8867.
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Alluvial soil formation is a dynamic process, the main prerequisite of which is the regular, periodic flooding of the river floodplain with flood waters, which are enriched with multidispersed organic and mineral particles. During the last century, about 80 % of territory of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain was transformed by means of hydrotechnical construction: waterproof dams and drainage channels have broken the wide river floodplains into isolated fragments, making impossible the free flow of flood waters, enriched with silt. The results of the study of stratification patterns of the river silt in the riverbed floodplain, depending on the flow velocity, granulometric composition, physical and chemical properties, given its role in the floodplain soil formation are given. The granulometric composition of the Dniester River silt changes downstream from the sandy to the heavy-loamy; In the floodplains of the Stryj and Svicha rivers medium- and heavy-loamy deposits are postponed, respectively. In the upper part of the Upper- Dniester alluvial plain (Chaikovichi 1, 2) accumulates a silt with predominance of the medium and fine sand fraction, which forms a good filtration ability of soils, whereas downstream the physical clay content increases (up to 47.2 %), which makes the river silt an important source of mineral nutrition of plants. The domination (over 40 %)in silt granulometric composition the rough dust fraction (Ustia 1, Zalisky 1) contributes to the improvement of the water-physical properties of alluvial soils and provides optimal conditions for the biota functioning. For the investigated river alluviums an alkaline reaction of the extract (pH (H2O) = 7,44–8,03) and low content of humus (0,54–3,80 %) are characteristic. The amount of nitrogen in the silt varies within 1,47–18,20 mg/100 g of soil. The river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain are an active factor in floodplain soil formation, since it optimizes the water-physical and physical-chemical properties of alluvial soils. But the influence area of silt on the soilsis sharply reduced and is limited only to the space in front of the dams. In the soils outside the dam, to which no fresh alluvial material comes, the hydrological regime is rebuilt and properties change substantially, up to the loss of their typological alluvial features. Key words: river alluviums, silt, floodplain, the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain, alluvial soils, hydrotechnical fragmentation.
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Poi, Alicia S. G., Juan J. Neiff, Sylvina L. Casco, and Luciana I. Gallardo. "Macroinvertebrates of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) roots in the alluvial floodplain of large tropical rivers (Argentina)." Revista de Biología Tropical 68, S2 (2020): S104—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68is2.44342.
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Introduction: Eichhornia crassipes is a dominant aquatic plant of neotropical-river floodplains and is invasive in warm waters of different continents. Plants provide food and habitat for fish, especially Prochilodus lineatus and Gymnotus omarorum, which are relevant to subsistence fishing by local indigenous communities. Objective: In this study we describe the main traits of E. crassipes floating meadows, and analyze the abundance and composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with their roots in two floodplain wetlands of the Paraná River (within the Ramsar site Wetlands Chaco) and of the Pilcomayo River (within the Pilcomayo River National Park). Methods: During spring and summer, the macroinvertebrates were collected in monospecific stands of E. crassipes with a net of 962 cm2 area and 500 µm mesh size. Leaf density, the biomass of leaves and roots, the length of leaves and roots, and the water quality were measured simultaneously. Results: Temperature, oxygen concentration, and nutrient content were significantly higher and electrical conductivity was lower in the Pilcomayo than in the Paraná floodplain. E. crassipes growing in the Pilcomayo floodplain had longer leaves and less root biomass than those found in the Paraná floodplain. The number of macroinvertebrates per 1 000 g root dry weight and per m2 was significantly different between both floodplains, but the taxon richness was similar. Non Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis differentiated the abundance of 14 selected taxa between both floodplains, and showed a high correlation between the environmental variables and macroinvertebrate abundance. The most abundant taxonomic groups in the Paraná River floodplain were oligochaetes (Naididae), ostracods mainly Cytheridella ilosvayi and larvae of non-biting midges (Chironomidae). Two families, Hydrobiidae (Heleobia parchappii) and Chironomidae accounted for 49.3 % of the total abundance in the Pilcomayo floodplain. The prawns Macrobrachium jelskii and M. amazonicum, frequent in the Pilcomayo floodplain, were not found in the Paraná floodplain. Conclusions: The different environmental conditions in both floodplains affect the abundance, composition, and the dominance of macroinvertebrate assemblages; however, the total taxa richness was similar. The area occupied by E. crassipes in the floodplains of these rivers provides the habitat that contributes most to overall biotic diversity, which must be considered in management strategies.
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Saakian, Alexander. "Assessment of ecological and geochemical state of alluvial soils of floodplains of small rivers of Perm." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 44 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20212202.
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In the conditions of the city of Perm - a multidisciplinary industrial center of Russia, the regularities and quantitative characteristics of the redox and ecological-geochemical state of the soils of the floodplains of small rivers-tributaries of the Kama River within the Votkinsk reservoir are revealed. The regularities of the content, distribution and interrelation of potentially toxic chemical elements are established, the priority elements-pollutants, and their mobility in floodplain soils are determined. It was found that under the influence of heterogeneity of redox conditions, sorption, gley, and hydrogen sulfide geochemical barriers are formed in the soil profile. It was found that when hydrogenic pollution of urban alluvial soils occurs, natural-technogenic associations of chemical elements are formed in their profile, which differ from natural associations in the background soil. Elemental geochemical associations are characterized at different levels of technogenic load on the floodplains of small rivers. The relationship between the concentration of chemical elements and the value of the specific magnetic susceptibility in floodplain soils is determined. Keywords: REDOX STATE, HEAVY METALS, GEOCHEMICAL COEFFICIENTS, URBO-ALLUVIAL SOILS, CHEMOSEMS ON URBO-ALLUVIAL SOILS
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Yatsyshyn, Andriy, and Piotr Gębica. "STUDY OF THE HOLOCENE STAGE OF FORMATION OF THE DNIESTER VALLEY IN THE EASTERN CARPATHIAN FORELAND." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 11(01) (December 2020): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2020.1.3204.
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The article describes the main stages of studying of the floodplain and the first floodplain terrace of the Dniester river within the Eastern Carpathian Foreland fragment of the valley, and evaluates the results of existing studies. It is discovered that during all the stages of the research morphological and morphometric parameters of the floodplain and the first floodplain terrace of the Dniester river, morphology and facie structures of the alluvial accumulations, as well as palynological analyses of biogenic accumulations buried in an alluvial series are performed. The results obtained during the palynological analyzes are used to date the erosion-accumulation cycles and to reconstruct the physical-geographical conditions of the time of the floodplain and the first floodplain formation of the Dniester terrace. The radiocarbon dating of biogenic sediments buried in alluvial series is also actively conducted at the last stage of the research. The array of geological and geomorphological information collected at the first two stages of research made it possible to establish that, first, the first floodplain terrace and floodplain were formed during the Holocene in the Dniester Valley. The first floodplain terrace (the height of which reaches 4–6 m above the Dniester riverbed) can be considered as a high floodplain which is often covered by high floods. The terrace is accumulative, but unlike all other terraces of the Dniester it is devoid of the loess cover. In the cross-sections of its accumulations the deposits of the alluvium of the channel facies builted of pebbles are exposed and covered with the alluvium of the floodplain facies composed of sands, sandy loams and loams. The total thickness of alluvium reaches 9–10 m and it doesn’t varysignificantly downstream of the Dniester. Except the Upper Dniester basin, where the thickness of the alluvium increases to 10–18 m, and the layers of peat are found. The floodplain is 4–5 m above the Dniester riverbed and is built of alluvium of the channel facies, dominated by sand and pebble series. In someplaces floodplain is covered with sandy or loamy deposits of floodplain facies. Secondly, in the Eastern Carpathian Foreland part of the Dniester valley the course of fluvial morpholitogenetic processes was regulated not only by climatic changes and neotectonic movements, but also by human economic activity. During the XIX–XX centuries especially large-scale human influence was on the Dniester riverbeds by construction of flood ramparts, reclamation canals, etc. The results of recent geomorphological research conducted within the studied fragment of the river valley particularly palynological and radiocarbon dating have significantly improved the idea of morphology, structure and history of floodplain formation and the first floodplain terrace of the Dniester. The research revealed that the accumulation of alluvium of the first floodplain terrace which is above the Dniester riverbed reaches 5,5–6,5 (7) m and started to develop in the late Pleistocene (Bølling–Allerød interstadial) (13 000–11 000 years ago (GI–1)). Presumably in the early Dryas (11 000–10 000 years ago (GS–1)), the first floodplain terrace was dissected by the meandering channel of the Dniester. The alluvial deposits that fill these large paleomeanders are still well preserved and are often exposed in the ledges of the first terrace. The further development of the floodplain and first floodplain terrace of the Dniester river was taking place in several stages such as the end of the boreal, the beginning of the atlantic, the end of the atlantic, subboreal, the beginning of the subatlantic, as well as during V–VI, X–XII and XIV–XVI centuries. These stages are identified in correlation with the cycles of humidification of the climate and the growth of fluvial activity of riverbeds (flood phases). As a result of the intensification of erosion-accumulation activity of the Dniester the two – three levels of Holocene floodplain were formed up to 4–5 m and 3–4 m high. The first traces of human activity within the studied fragment of the Dniester valley were dated by subboreal and recorded by the presence of grain pollen in the spore-pollen diagrams of Mainych (Upper Dniester Basin) and Tsvitova (Galician-Bukachiv Basin) sections. Key words: Dniester valley; floodplain; the first floodplain terrace; alluvium; phases of floods; Allerød; early Dryas; Holocene.
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Utaliev, Arstam Almgalievich, Andrey Pavlovich Sorokin, and Lyudmila Vyacheslavovna Yakovleva. "Assessment of the current physical and chemical status of the alluvial soils of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and the Volga delta." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 5 (May 25, 2023): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i5pp47-56.
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The article dwells upon the study of the current physico-chemical status of the alluvial dark-humus soils of the floodplain hayfields of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and the Volga delta. Alluvial soils are formed in special semiaquatic conditions; they are the result of alluvial and soil-forming processes. Considered to be dynamic both in natural and anthropogenic conditions. They have subordinate status and remain to be barriers and accumulators of various chemical elements while performing a sanitary and hygienic role in floodplain and delta ecosystems. Due to the increased anthropogenic load on alluvial soils, the study of their physico-chemical status, which affects the migration of chemical elements, becomes particularly significant. The alluvial soils of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and the Volga delta are characterized by a polynomial profile in which soil horizons of varying development degrees alternate with river sediments. The soils of the studied landscapes are characterized by good agrophysical and relatively satisfactory agrochemical condition. It was found that bunds on the territory of the delta as well as in the floodplain have negative impact on the physico-chemical status of alluvial soils and actively develop secondary salinization. The focus is on the agrochemical properties of alluvial dark-humus soils, particularly on the content of humus and nutrients. According to the granulometric composition, the studied soils are medium and heavy loamy, they have a good supply of productive moisture. In the soils of the Southeastern part of the floodplain, the processes of salinization, dehumification and alkalization are most present.
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Chendev, Yu G., A. A. Tishkov, Т. А. Puzanova, et al. "Reconstruction of Paleoenvironments of Lipetzk Oblast Based on Multiproxy Analysis of Paleosols in the Voronezh River Floodplain." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Geograficheskaya 87, no. 5 (2023): 713–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587556623050035.
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The results of paleosol and paleogeographic reconstructions on the new key site “Bol’shaya Kuzminka” within the northern part of the forest-steppe zone of the East European Plain (the high floodplain of the Vorone-zh River, the northern outskirts of the Bolshaya Kuzminka village, Lipetsk Oblast) are presented. To determine the age of alluvial deposits at different depths within the soil profiles, we used archaeological artefacts, Pleistocene faunal remains, soil humus, and charcoal. We reconstructed two main stages of floodplain formation during the Holocene: the early phase of low-intensity alluvial accumulation (beginning of the Holocene to the end of the Atlantic period, with mean rate of sedimentation–0.6 cm per 100 yr) and the late phase of increasing alluvial sedimentation (the second part of the Holocene, with mean rate of sedimentation–1.3 cm per 100 yr). Analysis of a closed depression within the floodplain allowed to reconstruct a complex synlithogenic soil profile with relic traces of three paleosols: a dark-colored Chernozem-like paleosol of the first half of the Holocene, the Luvisol of the Subboreal climatic phase (Gray Forest Soil), and the Stagnic Phaeozem (Chernozem-Meadow Soil) of the Subatlantic climatic phase of the Holocene. Flat areas around depressions hosted grassland vegetation; Stagnic Phaeozems (Meadow-Cheronozem soils) were formed here during the entire Holocene synchronic with alluvial sediments’ deposition. Palynological analysis of floodplain soils and deposits indicated that forests developed in the trend of widespread their areas on adjacent watersheds since the beginning of Subboreal period. Anthropogenic impact on soils and plant cover was noticeable from the Subatlantic period, and its intensity was increasing over time. Introduction of anthropochores was the main anthropogenic signal that resulted from utilizing floodplains and gullies as pastures and ploughlands.
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Silaev, Andrei Leonidovich, Sergey Fedorovich Chesalin, Gennady Vladimirovich Chekin, and Evgeny Vladimirovich Smolsky. "Trace element content in alluvial soils landscape of the flood plains of the Iput river." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 8 (September 10, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i8pp34-38.
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The results of research on the content and distribution of trace elements in alluvial soils of various elements of the floodplain landscape, and their relationship with fertility indicators are presented. It has been found that the maximum concentrations of most trace elements (Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, Mo, As) are characteristic of the alluvial overhanging-marsh heavy-coal pristine subsystem of the floodplain landscape. In the riverine and perish subsystems of the floodplain landscape in individual layers of the corresponding soils, an excess of clark was found: in the alluvial sour acid layered primitive shortened sandy loam Cu by 1.5; Zn in 1.1; Cd 9.2 times, in alluvial chilli-marsh heavy-coal Cu 1.05; Zn in 1.4; Mn in 1.01; Cr in 1,2; Cd 3.2 times. For the riverine and perch subsystems, the excess of Cu, Mn and Cr was observed in the soil layer 0-5 cm, the remaining exceedances are characteristic of deeper layers. Decreasing rows of trace elements in alluvial soils have a similar structure. The microelements in question, in the soils of the floodplain landscape of the Iput River, in terms of clark concentration, belong to the group of dispersing. There is no significant correlation between micronutrient content and fertility of the alluvial soils under consideration.
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Marren, Philip M., James R. Grove, J. Angus Webb, and Michael J. Stewardson. "The Potential for Dams to Impact Lowland Meandering River Floodplain Geomorphology." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/309673.
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The majority of the world's floodplains are dammed. Although some implications of dams for riverine ecology and for river channel morphology are well understood, there is less research on the impacts of dams on floodplain geomorphology. We review studies from dammed and undammed rivers and include influences on vertical and lateral accretion, meander migration and cutoff formation, avulsion, and interactions with floodplain vegetation. The results are synthesized into a conceptual model of the effects of dams on the major geomorphic influences on floodplain development. This model is used to assess the likely consequences of eight dam and flow regulation scenarios for floodplain geomorphology. Sediment starvation downstream of dams has perhaps the greatest potential to impact on floodplain development. Such effects will persist further downstream where tributary sediment inputs are relatively low and there is minimal buffering by alluvial sediment stores. We can identify several ways in which floodplains might potentially be affected by dams, with varying degrees of confidence, including a distinction between passive impacts (floodplain disconnection) and active impacts (changes in geomorphological processes and functioning). These active processes are likely to have more serious implications for floodplain function and emphasize both the need for future research and the need for an “environmental sediment regime” to operate alongside environmental flows.
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Qinghai, Xu, Yang Xiaolan, Wu Chen, Meng Lingyao, and Wang Zihui. "Alluvial Pollen on the North China Plain." Quaternary Research 46, no. 3 (1996): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0066.
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Mordern alluvial pollen varies with geomorphic setting and depositional facies in sediments of the Yellow, Hutuo, and Luan rivers and in Baiyangdian and Hengshuihu lakes. Most of the arboreal pollen is derived from the mountains, whereas most of the nonarboreal pollen is derived from the plain itself. Alluvium dominated by Pinus pollen and Selaginella spores was deposited during a flood. Hydrodynamic sorting of alluvial pollen exists in the sediments of floodplain, central bar, natural levees, and point bar. In reconstructing the ancient vegetation and past climate based on pollen in alluvium, it is important to consider sedimentary facies and geomorphologic setting.
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Martin, Simon, Stefan Klingler, Peter Dietrich, Carsten Leven, and Olaf A. Cirpka. "Structural controls on the hydrogeological functioning of a floodplain." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 8 (2020): 2675–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02225-8.
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AbstractFloodplains are often conceptualized as homogeneous sediment bodies which connect streams with their respective catchment and buffer agricultural inputs. This has led to a general bias within the hydrological community towards research on sites where the floodplain is a clear conduit for groundwater flow. In humid temperate regions of central Europe, floodplains have experienced rapid environmental changes since the last glaciation, yielding significant bedrock weathering and predominantly fine-grained, highly stratified hillslope and floodplain sediments. Such heterogeneous sedimentary architecture leads to conceptual ambiguities in the interpretation of the hydrogeological functioning of floodplains, thus raising the question: Do floodplains act as barriers or conduits to groundwater flow? This study analyzes the Ammer floodplain close to Tübingen in south-western Germany as a representative mid-section floodplain in a temperate climate where the regional bedrock-geology is dominated by mudstones. Geological, geophysical, and geochemical characterization and monitoring techniques were combined to shed light on the internal geological structure as a key control modulating the floodplain hydrology. Two partially separate groundwater systems were identified: a gravel body at the bottom of the Quaternary sediments and a Holocene confined tufaceous aquifer, separated by low-permeability clays. Despite flow being predominantly along-valley, sulfate concentrations in the floodplain aquifers showed evidence of a strong connection to the gypsum-bearing hillslope, particularly where tributary valley sediments are present (e.g., alluvial fans). Results from a floodplain water balance suggest the hillslope- and floodplain-aquifer material act as a barrier to hillslope groundwater recharge, where a large fraction may be bypassing the local floodplain groundwater system.
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Kirichenko-Babko, Marina, Yaroslav Danko, Małgorzata Franus, Witold Stępniewski, and Roman Babko. "Riparian Ground Beetles (Coleoptera) on the Banks of Running and Standing Waters." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061785.
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Rivers and their floodplains offer a wide variety of habitats for invertebrates. River ecosystems are subject to high anthropic influence: as a result the channel morphology is changed, swamps are drained, floodplains are built up, and rivers are polluted. All this has radically changed the environment for the inhabitants of the floodplains, including riparian stenotopic species. Although riparian arthropods are oriented primarily to the production of hydro-ecosystems, the type of water body—lentic or lotic—has a determining effect in the structure of communities. Most riparian arthropods have evolutionarily adapted to riverbanks with significant areas of open alluvial banks. This paper considered the structure of assemblages of ground beetles associated with the riverbanks and the shores of floodplain lakes and their differences. The banks of rivers and the shores of floodplain lakes were considered separately due to the differences in the habitats associated with them. Our results showed that riverbanks, which experience significant pollution, were actively colonized by vegetation and were unsuitable for most riparian ground beetles. The shores of floodplain lakes, being an optional habitat for riparian arthropods, cannot serve as refugia. Thus, the transformation of floodplain landscapes and river pollution creates a problem for the biological diversity of floodplain ecosystems, since riparian stenotopic species of the riverbanks become rare and disappear.
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Roslikova, V. I., and L. A. Matyushkina. "Differentiation of the soil cover of the floodplain of the Middle-Amur Lowland in connection with the evolution of the relief forms." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 106 (March 27, 2021): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-105-129.
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The article is based on a long-term study of floodplain soils of the Amur River valley within the north-eastern part of the Middle-Amur Lowland. The results of field work on the soil-geomorphological profile across the Slavyansky Island, located 200 km from Khabarovsk down the Amur River, are discussed. The study analyzes the occurrence of the island's floodplain soils on riolkas[1] and their properties, with an emphasis on morphology and lithological and particle-size composition. The features of soil formation on riolkas of different genesis – alluvial and aeolian – are shown. On sandy and sandy-loam deposits of alluvial riolkas (“meadow-forest” ridges) poorly developed sod gley soils are formed. On heavy loam and clay alluvium of the “meadow“ ridges, annually flooded by river waters, sod-meadow gley soils develop under the woodreed grass stand. Sand deposits of high aeolian riolkas are characterized by a homogeneous fine-grained structure without interlayers, signs of organic matter and with a significant amount of mica. They describe poorly developed sod-forest soils under high-trunk oak forests. The formation of texture-differentiated soils on all types of riolkas was not revealed. When the floodplain reaches the position of the first terrace above the floodplain, the differences in the lithological composition and particle-size distribution, soil texture, height above the water edge and the nature of vegetation on the inherited riolkas provide a multidirectional evolution of soil formation. At the same time, the development is taking place in accordance with the zonal types of soils (sod-forest, brown-earth, texture-differentiated – soil with a bleached horizon (podbel)). The last are mainly formed on clay-loam alluvium, which can overlay not only alluvial, but also some aeolian riolkas. [1]Riolkas are ancient, relatively high sand ridges (extended dunes) with plant cover found in Amur region (Russian Far East).
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McCarthy, Paul J., I. Peter Martini, and Dale A. Leckie. "Pedosedimentary history and floodplain dynamics of the Lower Cretaceous upper Blairmore Group, southwestern Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 5 (1997): 598–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-048.
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Thick alluvial successions in the upper Blairmore Group in the Foothills of southwestern Alberta contain few well-developed paleosol profiles, but abundant evidence of pedogenic modification. The pedogenically modified successions are characterized by vertical root traces, compound illuvial clay coatings, and ferruginous coatings and nodules. Five representative paleosol successions, composed of nine microfacies, are analyzed. The paleosol successions indicate soil development on more or less continuously aggrading floodplains; however, locally, rates of sedimentation and pedogenesis were highly variable. The paleosol successions contain features similar to modern alluvial soils, Brunisols, and Luvisols. Vertical trends within individual paleosol successions preserve the changing paleoenvironmental record at each site. The dynamic nature of the floodplain topography is reflected in alternating drainage conditions, represented by quasi-regular colour banding, compound clay coatings, and the type and degree of pedogenic development upwards within the paleosol successions. Overall, the paleosols indicate soil development under a warm, temperate paleoclimate with seasonal precipitation. Although representing minor diastems, the paleosols formed contemporaneously with sedimentation and are an integral part of the alluvial successions. Local variations in paleosol development are attributed to variations in sediment supply and water-table conditions related to the overall floodplain geomorphology.
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Ivanova, Natalia Nikolaevna, Vasily Ivanovich Kargin, Aleksandr Nikiphorovich Danilov, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Letuchiy. "Agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of Insar river flood." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp8-12.
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Studies show that the most fertile are the granular soils of the Central floodplain of the Insar river. They have high humus content in the upper horizons – 4.6-7.6 %. Down the profile, the humus content gradually decreases, but remains relatively high: at a depth of 60-70 cm – 4.0 %. The humus content in alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils is much lower. The active reaction of these soils is neutral or slightly acidic, since the river and groundwater of the Insar floodplain are medium mineralized and belong to the class of bicarbonate. The hydrolytic acidity of the alluvial granular soil of the Insar floodplain is 1.6-3.0 mg / 100 g of soil. The values of hydrolytic acidity of alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils are higher: 2.6-3.6 and 1.8–3.2 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely saturated with bases: 91-97 %. The studied alluvial granular soils of the Insar floodplain are characterized by an average content of available phosphorus. In granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils, the amount of this element is slightly less and is 7.0–5.1 and 7.4–5.4 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The most potassium-rich alluvial granular soil in the floodplain of the Insar river, where the content of this element in the upper layers is characterized as high: 16.5–27.6 mg/100 g of soil. In the sod layer of granular-layered soil, potassium availability is average: 9.5-15.4 mg / 100 g of soil. In the turf layer of meadow-marsh soils, potassium content is observed for most crops (8.0-10.4 mg / 100 g of soil), with depth it decreases.
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Dmytruk, Y. M. "The soils of the river valleys with an active erosive downcutting (on the example of the Prut river basin, Precarpathians)." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 3-4 (2014): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041415.
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Disaster floods on the Carpathian rivers and surrounding areas as a result of radial and lateral erosion have predetermined to significant changes in geomorphological levels: the rivers bottom in some areas deepened to 100 cm or more, the coastline has shifted to 15–20 m, landslide processes first of all on the shores was invigorated. Due to the flooding in 2008 the soil and vegetation cover of the floodplains was completely destroyed, where the surface alluvial sediments and, often, the bedrock of the river valley went out. To prevent the river influence on the floodplain, the floodplain has become a terrace, so from this moment the alluvial soils have changed their place in the classification system. Pedogenesis in the river valley is certainly correlates with the specified geological and geomorphological processes, and therefore one question arises: in which taxonomic of soil classification the soil is, which now is located outside of floodplain, but the time that has passed from this moment is too short for the genesis of the first terrace soil (formed before our eyes). Shall we talk about the ancient age of alluvial deposits if they were formed in the last 100–1000 years? It is apparently that we need to consider the simultaneous genesis of thesediments, the landforms and the soils under the influence of the geological processes. We have studied the valley of the river Lyuchka, belonging to Prut River basin. We have described the soils that are placed on the ecotopes that have a direct contact with a coastline of the river, on different height levels above the top of watercourse, as well as the cuts of zonal soils which were not under the influence of the river during of the historical time. Soil samples for analytical studies have also been selected. We have studied the cuts of such soils: 1) В-6, К-1 and К-2 – zonal; 2) В-1, В-2, В-5 and В-7 – soils placed on the first terrace; 3) В-3, В-4, В-2а and В-3а – soils placed on the floodplains. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Soils of Lyuchka valley are developing on the alluvial deposits under which the bedrock are placed that in the area of research is clayey flysch; all these soils are on the development stage. Soils of the first terraces are Fluvisols on the complex alluvial deposits, mostly they have the average thickness and the soils are characterized of such morphometric features: humus horizon is from 33 to 66 % of the thickness of profile and transitional horizon is from 34 to 67 % of the thickness of profile. The problem of their selection is establishing of the age, because for alluvium is not specified definitions of "old, ancient". It really could be aged of alluvial deposits are a hundred-thousand years or even as whole Holocene. Another problem is a quick output time of the floodplain from the influence of the river and the formation of the first terrace. This requires a change of the name of the soil (maybe the output from Fluvisols). It remains an open question whether this change of belonging of classification reflects the inner essence, and whether all the soils of river valleys should be admitted young, genetically related (monogenesis) and therefore whether they should occupy one position in the classification system.
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Nakonechnyy, Yuriy. "Group fractional composition of humus of alluvial soils of floodplain of Western Bug River." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1228.
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Fractionally-group composition of humus alluvial turf, meadow, meadow marsh and bog soils of floodplain of Western Bug River was characterized. The results of studies of quality of soil humus of floodplain of this river by Ukrainian and foreign researchers were analyzed. The main indicators of fractionally-group composition of humus soils were studied. Key words: alluvial soils, humus of soil, fractionally-group composition of humus, humic acids, fulvic acids.
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Hibbs, Barry J., and Mercedes Merino. "Reinterpreting Models of Slope-Front Recharge in a Desert Basin." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080297.
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Identification of recharge areas in arid basins is challenging due to spatial and temporal variability and complexity of the hydrogeology. This study re-evaluates recharge mechanism in a desert basin where isotopic and geologic data indicated that published conceptual models of recharge are not accurate. A new model of recharge is formulated that is consistent with the unique geologic framework in the basin. In the area of study, the Rio Grande flows across a broad alluvial floodplain, the “El Paso-Juarez Valley”, where the river has incised the surface of the Hueco Bolson. The modern Rio Grande floodplain overlies the older basin fill, or “Hueco Bolson deposits”, in the valley portion of the area. The lateral contact between the older bolson deposits and the recent alluvial floodplain deposits defines the “slope front”. The valley wall along the slope front is penetrated by many arroyos that incise the Hueco Bolson deposits and modern floodplain surface. The presence of a large lens of freshwater at the boundary between the older bolson fill and recent Rio Grande alluvium seemed to suggest to previous researchers that dilute water developed due to runoff drawn in by San Felipe Arroyo, a prominent arroyo at the slope front between the older Hueco Bolson deposits and the recent Rio Grande alluvium. Our follow-up verification work illustrates that this is demonstrably not the case. The testing of groundwater samples for stable water isotopes and radioisotopes showed that the deeper and more dilute waters near San Felipe Arroyo are actually pre-dam waters recharged from the shifting Rio Grande channel.
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Erzfeld, Lukas, Hannes Feilhauer, Mathias Scholz, and Timo Hartmann. "Patterns of plant species composition of a temperate floodplain meadow in response to fine-scale topography." ERDKUNDE 78, no. 4 (2025): 303–19. https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2024.04.04.
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Floodplains are vital and diverse habitats, providing essential ecosystem services. In Germany, the total surface of floodplain meadows has decreased by over 80% since the 1950s due to human activities such as river channelisation and embankment as well as land use intensification, leading to changes in nutrient and pollutant input. However, effects of these changes on floodplain vegetation remain understudied, primarily due to their recent occurrence. Here we investigate the effects of terrain elevation, flow distance to permanent water bodies (rivers and clay ponds), groundwater-surface distance and thickness of the alluvial clay layer on the plant species composition of the floodplain meadows ‘Papitzer Lachen’ in Northwest Saxony, Germany. We make use of the Ellenberg indicator system to approach statistical results from an ecological point of view. We recorded the vegetation species composition on 20 relevés of 10 m x 10 m (100 m2) each across different floodplain meadow types along an elevation gradient. We classified the plant communities phytosociologically. In addition, we performed an ordination of the plots (detrended correspondence analysis, DCA) and compared the resulting axes to environmental variables using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. As abiotic factors, we used the elevation of each plot measured via DGPS in the field, least cost path to the next water body derived from a digital elevation model, groundwater-surface distance as well as thickness of the alluvial clay layer. We calculated the mean weighted Ellenberg indicator moisture value for each plot and compared it to the DCA results. Three of the stands were classified as Scutellario-Veronicetum longifoliae Walther 1955, eleven as Arrhenatheretum elatioris Braun 1915 and six as a Silaum-silaus-community. The relevés could be roughly separated in two groups along the first DCA axis. The first DCA axis showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) with ground elevation (r = –0.54) and alluvial clay layer thickness (r = –0.68) but no significant correlations with groundwater-surface distance and proximity to water bodies. The weighted mean Ellenberg indicator moisture values significantly correlate with distance to groundwater table (r = –0.59) and confirm a moisture gradient. The main explanatory variable for variation in the vegetation appears to be hydrology. However, variability in water levels which is typical for floodplains has declined. Main reasons are a smaller amplitude of water levels due to river regulation and long periods of droughts. This underlines the strong anthropogenic influence on floodplains. As floodplains are, especially due to their dynamic hydrology, particularly species-rich ecosystems, this study helps to document and understand this diversity to support a conservation value.
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Mamedzadeh, V. "Quantitative Indicators of Microorganisms in Alluvial Soils of Natural Biotopes on the Southern Slope of the Greater Caucasus." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 11 (2020): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/60/20.
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This article discusses the results of studies on the microbiology of alluvial soils on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. The first information on the number of microorganisms in alluvial soils of natural biotopes is presented. The changes are associated with alluvial (river) sediments of the Shinchay River; the riverbed and above-floodplain terrace are compared. The analysis of soils of meadow-herbaceous (gramineous) and undersized shrubs (wild rose, blackberry, tamarix) vegetation is presented. Differences were revealed in quantitative indicators and the percentage ratio of individual groups of microbiota biotopes. In conclusion, it is concluded that the alluvial deposits of Shinchai in the 0–30 cm soil layer contain 3119.23 thousand/g microorganisms, and in soil samples taken from the above-floodplain terrace in a similar 0–30 cm layer — 4406.53 thousand/g.
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Vovk, Oksana, and Oleg Orlov. "The modern state of the soil cover of the Transcarpathian lowland: diversity, properties and development dynamics of natural and anthropogenic soils." Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no. 40 (December 3, 2024): 113–24. https://doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2024.40.113-124.
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The regularities and peculiarities of the modern state of the soils of the floodplain complexes of the Transcarpathian lowland under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors were investigated. Prognostic modeling of the dynamics of the further development of soils and soil cover in the region was carried out. It was established that a significant mosaic in space and dynamism characterize the soil cover of floodplains in time. Alluvial, semi-hydromorphic, and hydromorphic soils dominate the flood plains of Transcarpathian rivers. Alluvial soils were the dominant types in the pre-anthropogenic period. They develop in conditions of constant soil ground water level and periodic surface flooding by floodwaters. Alluvial sediment (silt) remains on the surface after the subsidence of flood waters and has a significant impact on the properties, morphology, lithology and fertility of soils. The high content of dusty ground particles in all variants of river silt ensures their rapid inclusion in the process of soil formation and contributes to the improvement of water-physical and physic-chemical properties of alluvial soils. First of all, alluvial soils significantly suffer from anthropogenic interference in the course of flood processes undergo critical changes in water-physical and physic-chemical properties. After the improve of melioration measures that regulate the flood regime in floodplains, significant areas of soil lose alluvial features and later develop as semi-hydromorphic or hygromorphic. Drainage melioration, depending on the further direction of soil-forming processes, can have completely different effects on soil properties. Therefore, it is necessary to approach melioration measures very carefully, foreseeing in advance all the consequences, which may occur on drained territories. The possible profit from the involvement to agricultural production of drained areas can be incomparably smaller, compared to the losses for maintaining the normal functioning of not only these areas, but also the territories adjacent to them. The secondary anthropogenic load is often imposed on the primary hydrotechnical and reclamation soil transformation due to the active agricultural use of drained floodplains. Depending on the duration and method of agricultural production, soils that were formed as alluvial acquire new properties, different from natural ones. Their soil density and soil hardness increase, the water-air regime is disrupted, and their physical and chemical properties change. Deeply drained and additionally changed by technical means, the soils of the hydromorphic range, after the abandonment of resource-consuming extensive production, are left for natural self-recovery, and the further course of soil restoration processes requires careful study and control by scientists. A mosaic natural-anthropogenic soil cover of the alluvial lowland was formed under the combined effect of natural and anthropogenic processes, so alluvial soils need the greatest protection and protection in fact. Such soils are part of unique floodplain complexes, the study, preservation and protection of which should be the primary focus of both scientists and environmentalists.
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Tortyk, Mykola. "Assessment of physical alluvial soils of floodplains of lower part of Dniester River." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1244.
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The results of studies of physical condition of alluvial floodplain soils of Lower Dniester River and its component Turunchuk Island are given. Key words: alluvial soils, grain size, microagregative composition, density, structure, water-physical properties.
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FERREIRA, LEANDRO VALLE, DENISE A. CUNHA, PRISCILLA P. CHAVES, DARLEY C. L. MATOS, and PIA PAROLIN. "Impacts of hydroelectric dams on alluvial riparian plant communities in eastern Brazilian Amazonian." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85, no. 3 (2013): 1013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652013000300012.
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The major rivers of the Amazon River basin and their biota are threatened by the planned construction of large hydroelectric dams that are expected to have strong impacts on floodplain plant communities. The present study presents forest inventories from three floodplain sites colonized by alluvial riparian vegetation in the Tapajós, Xingu and Tocantins River basins in eastern Amazonian. Results indicate that tree species of the highly specialized alluvial riparian vegetation are clearly distinct among the three river basins, although they are not very distinct from each other and environmental constraints are very similar. With only 6 of 74 species occurring in all three inventories, most tree and shrub species are restricted to only one of the rivers, indicating a high degree of local distribution. Different species occupy similar environmental niches, making these fragile riparian formations highly valuable. Conservation plans must consider species complementarily when decisions are made on where to place floodplain forest conservation units to avoid the irreversible loss of unique alluvial riparian vegetation biodiversity.
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Aleksandrovskii, A. L., V. N. Golosov, and I. V. Zamotaev. "Sedimentation rates on the floodplains of lowland rivers in the center of the European Part of Russia according to the study of soil-alluvial chronosequences." Геоморфология и палеогеография 54, no. 1 (2023): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2949178923010036.
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The floodplain deposition rates for the Istra, Oka and Seim rivers valleys were estimated based on a combination of dating methods (radiocarbon, radiocesium and historical-archaeological) for various time windows of the Holocene. In addition, a new method to estimated sedimentation rate, based on the assessment of the degree of soil profile development of paleosols buried in alluvium was applied. Spatio-temporal differences in the rates of floodplain sedimentation have been established based on chronological and soil-geomorphological studies. It was found that sedimentation rates on the young floodplain of Seim and Istra rivers is 1.823 mm year1), 215 mm year1, respectively. While on the ancient floodplains of Oka and Seim rivers during different periods, the floodplain deposition rate varied within the range of 0.010.7 mm year1. The periods of increased sedimentation rates were short in time. Based on the study of a young, rapidly growing Istra River floodplain, the deposits of which are dated on the basis of historical and archaeological materials, new sedimentation rates that characterize the floodplains of the center part of the East European Plain were obtained: alluvium without signs of pedogenesis is formed at a sedimentation rate of more than 15 mm year1, with signs of pedogenesis at a rate of 215 mm year1, cumulative soils at a rate of 0.52 mm year1. Cyclic fluctuations in the sedimentation rate in the Holocene were established on the basis of14C and archaeological dates for to the Nikitino section located on the Oka River floodplain, where a large series of well-developed paleosols were distinguished. It was found that during periods with active accumulation of alluvium layers, sedimentation rate was about 2 mm year1, which is 20 times higher than in longer periods soil formation, when sedimentation rates were 0.070.14 mm yr1.
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Gavrilov, Denis A., Talgat B. Mamirov, Sergei A. Rastigeev, and Vasiliy V. Parkhomchuk. "The History of Formation and Anthropogenic Development of the Derkul River Floodplain (West Kazakhstan) in the Mid Holocene." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 3, no. 37 (2021): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.3.37.127.141.
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The article presents the results of soil and archaeological study of the pedo-sedimentation sequence formed in the floodplain of the Derkul River (West Kazakhstan). The aim of the study was to reconstruct the stages of the alluvial sedimentogenesis alternating with relatively prolonged spans of soil formation, corresponding to the periods of floodplain agricultural development. It was established that floodplain sediment layer started to form as a result of stream sedimentation in the early Holocene; then this stage was followed by the relatively long-term soil formation period (5.6–3.8 cal. yr BC) resulting in a humus quasi-gleyic soil in the low floodplain (120–200 cm). The last period of soil formation (4.6–3.6 cal. yr BC) the floodplain was developed by man, which is displayed by the identified cultural horizon containing artifacts and having increased phosphorus content. At the end of the Subboreal period the next stage of alluvial sedimentation, started by the changed river hydrology regime, was found to be chronologically separated from the stage of stationary development of the floodplain by settled humans.
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Superson, Sławomir, Piotr Gębica, Adam Michczyński, Piotr Kołaczek, and Kazimierz Szczepanek. "Early Holocene alluvia in the lower Wisłok River valley and their chronostratigraphy in the light of radiocarbon datings and palynological analysis." Geochronometria 44, no. 1 (2017): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0071.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of the latest radiocarbon dating and the palynological analyses of organic sediments found in the alluvia of the Wisłok River valley between the towns of Łańcut and Przeworsk. The study conducted in the gravel pit made possible the dating of several alluvial fills of the 7–8 m high Holocene terrace and the 5–6 m high floodplain. The oldest channel alluvia and palaeochannel sediments of the 7–8 m high terrace were dated at 10 100–9300 BP (11 960–10 500 cal BP). According to the anthracological analysis the top cover of clay overbank alluvia, which bears charcoal fragments, was deposited in the Subboreal and/or the Subatlantic Phases. In the sequence of the 5–6 m high floodplain, the bottom fills of palaeochannels, dated at 10 195–9885 cal BP (probability level: 68.2%; GdS-3233: 8900 ± 95 BP ) and 11 095–10 755 cal BP (probability level: 68.2%; GdS-3228: 9575 ± 95 BP), were truncated by erosion and covered by alluvia of palaeomeanders, which were active in the 19th century. Preservation of the erosional bench of the Early Holocene organic sediments indicates the predomination of lateral migration of the river channel during the last 200 years and the formation of wide erosional floodplain that has been aggraded with recent flood alluvia. In the 20th century the floodplain aggradation was simultaneous with the deepening of the Wisłok riverbed.
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Balabko, P. N., E. M. Lapteva, and A. A. Sneg. "Diagnostics of soil formation processes in alluvial meadow soils of river valleys in taiga-forest and steppe zones." Theoretical and Applied Ecology, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-165-173.
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Long-term data obtained from studying a wide range of alluvial soils formed on floodplain terraces of rivers in the taiga-forest and steppe zones of the European and West Siberian Plains are summarized. The microstructure of alluvial soils in the central part of the floodplain terraces of a number of large rivers such as the Ob, Pechora, Northern Dvina, Ugra, Oka, Desna, Klyazma and Tikhaya Sosna Rivers was studied using the methods of micromorphology and scanning electron microscopy. We identified the features and diagnostic signs of flood-alluvial and elementary soil-forming processes that determine the formation of the profile of alluvial meadow soils. All bioclimatic zones are characterized by high aggregation and porosity of humus-accumulative horizons. However, humus of the mull and moder type is formed in the taiga-forest zone, while in the steppe – only mull. Diagnostic signs of zonality in alluvial meadow soils are the shape and size of Fe-Mn formations, clay deposits and cutans, gypsum and carbonates. In the taiga-forest zone the ecological conditions of the high floodplain are marked by the presence of Fe-Mn new formations in the form of nodules and the presence of clay deposits in the lower part of the profile. At the same time, the low floodplain is marked by Fe-Mn new formations in the form of flakes and spots, clay cutans (films) in the pores and around the units at the bottom of the profile. Alluvial meadow soils of the steppe zone are characterized by the presence of new formations of gypsum and carbonates in the lower part of the profile, and the absence of illuvial cutans. Intensive agrogenic use of alluvial meadow soils promotes the disaggregation of the humus-accumulative horizon, the leaching of amorphous forms of humus from it, and the reorientation of clay minerals into a horizontal arrangement in the horizons located below the plow base.
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MARTÍN-CLOSAS, CARLES, and JEAN GALTIER. "Plant Taphonomy and Paleoecology of Late Pennsylvanian Intramontane Wetlands in the Graissessac-Lodève Basin (Languedoc, France)." PALAIOS 20, no. 3 (2005): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2003.p03-119.
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Abstract The Late Pennsylvanian Graissessac-Lodève basin is a small, fluvio-palustrine depocenter located in the southern part of the Massif Central (France). A taphonomic and sedimentologic study carried out in this area allows a reconstruction of Late Carboniferous vegetation in an intramontane context. The paleoecology of such limnic settings is poorly known, and this study permits detailed comparison with paralic basins for the first time. The Graissessac peat mires developed in abandoned fluvial channels, in floodplains, and above distal alluvial fans. The vegetation was dominated by monospecific stands of the arborescent lycopsid Sigillaria brardii, whereas the tree fern Psaronius occurred during the later stages of mire accretion. This is in contrast to coeval North American peat mires, which generally were dominated by tree ferns and pteridosperms throughout the mire profile. Stephanian floodplains and distal alluvial fans of the Graissessac-Lodève Basin were devoid of vegetation, with the exception of isolated thickets of sphenopsids that were composed of Calamites and Sphenophyllum. These plants were found growing in situ in the floodplain mudstones as well as in fine-grained sands of secondary channels. Parautochthonous foliage assemblages of ferns and pteridosperms found in floodplain mudstones represent the most diverse plant community. The plants supplying these remains were growing in exposed areas close to floodplains. Large logs attributed to cordaitaleans and monotypic assemblages of large Cordaites leaves were found in fluvial sediments, and suggest that the plants were riparian elements in the basin.
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RASHCHENKO, Andrii, Tetiana DYPTAN, and Oleg MALYSHEV. "Geological structure of the Dnipro River floodplain areas." Bases and Foundations, no. 50 (May 11, 2025): 210–26. https://doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.50.2025.210-226.
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In today's conditions of the country's development, cities and suburban areas are being built up at a rapid pace, which causes its shortage, especially in cities with a large population. In such conditions, one of the possible solutions for the development of the city is the development of previously unsuitable areas that can be used for construction. Such areas include territories cut by ravines, gullies, wetlands or floodplains, which are flooded with water during floods. Due to the presence of water bodies near the indicated territories, it is possible to protect them from flooding by raising the absolute marks of their surface to non-flooded ones by using alluvial soil by means of hydromechanization. The properties of such new man-made formations differ significantly from natural ones, and sandy soils are used as alluvial soil. In this way, a large number of territories have been created in different countries of the world: Dubai, Japan, China, the USA, etc., which indicates the effectiveness of this method and its practical significance. The article highlights the features of the tectonic structure, geological and geomorphological zoning of the territory of the city of Kyiv. Much attention is paid to the floodplain areas of the Dnieper River, which were formed by alluvial. Such sites were created, as a rule, for new construction and were built up quite quickly with low-rise buildings, the basis for which was alluvial soils. The engineering and geological studies of the sites after alluvial soils and the observation of deformations of the base over time allowed us to establish the basic patterns and rules of construction in such territories. Today, the development of the city actively covers areas created by alluvial soils, on which high-rise buildings, shopping centers, and other buildings are being actively built, the loads from which must be transferred to reliable base. However, depending on the properties of the alluvial soils themselves and the quality and preparation of the base on which they are laid, different types of foundations can be used, the decision on their design is made in each individual case, taking into account the number of floors and the type of buildings or structures.
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Nordt, Lee. "Late quaternary alluvial stratigraphy of a low-order tributary in central texas, USA and its response to climate and sediment supply." Quaternary Research 62, no. 3 (2004): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.07.004.
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This paper presents the first comprehensive late Quaternary alluvial stratigraphic study of a low-order tributary in central Texas, using Cowhouse Creek as a case study. The late Pleistocene Jackson (JA) alluvium forms the elevated T2 terrace. The entrenched Holocene valley is filled with the buried Georgetown (GT) alluvium (approximately 11,000 to 8000 14C yr B.P.) and associated Royalty paleosol, and the surficially exposed Fort Hood (FH) alluvium (approximately 7000 to 5000 14C yr B.P.) and West Range (WR) alluvium (approximately 4200 to 600 14C yr B.P.) forming the broad T1 terrace. The Ford (FO) alluvium (<600 14C yr B.P.) forms the modern T0 floodplain entrenched into T1. Conditioned by cooler and wetter climates, Cowhouse Creek was characterized by relatively high base flow and low sediment supply during deposition of the JA and GT alluvium. Appreciable upland soil erosion ensued during the middle Holocene in response to warmer climate conditions, resulting in widespread valley filling by the FH alluvium. Deposition of the late Holocene WR and F0 alluvium was characterized by diminished sediment storage during relatively stable climate conditions. The temporal alluvial stratigraphic framework of the bedrock-confined Cowhouse Creek valley is out of phase with the alluvial sequence in the larger Brazos River valley.
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Hasanov, V. "An Anthropogenic Effect on Alluvial-Meadow-Forest Soils in the Floodplain of Kura River (Azerbaijan)." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/85/27.
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The issues of genetic features, classification position and diagnostic indicators of floodplain-alluvial soils are considered. Alluvial-meadow-forest soils are fairly widespread under the high quality tugai forests of the floodplain of the Kura River. The territory has favorable relief conditions, a dry subtropical climate, as well as resources of the water regime. The humus content in the upper horizons is 4.2-4.5% and decreases with depth to 0.8%. In the buried humus horizons, an increase up to 2.2% is observed. The amount of total nitrogen in the horizons is 0.21-0.26%. The results of the analysis indicate differences in the gross chemical composition of forest and cultivated alluvial-meadow-forest soils. Irrigated soils were identified as an independent type.
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Samedov, Pirverdi, Beyli Aliyeva, Vafa Mammadzade, et al. "Biological Indicators and Their Significance in the Diagnosis of Alluvial-Meadow Soils." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 3 (October 2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2023.3.6.
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The priority issue that is covered in the article is the expediency of using biological indicators in the diagnosis of alluvial-meadow soils. In Azerbaijan, floodplain soils, common on terraces and alluvial fans of large rivers, where there are groundwater recharge conditions and the influence of the flood floodplain regime, have been widely studied. Alluvial-meadow soils develop under the meadow soil with forb-cereal groups and shrub vegetation under the active influence of groundwater occurring at a depth of 1.0–3.5 and surface (flood) moisture. Rich herbaceous vegetation causes the development of the sod process; as a result, a large amount of organic matter accumulates. Considering that various subtypes of floodplain soils are formed, under characteristic bioclimatic conditions, our goal was to study some biological indicators of alluvial-meadow soils of natural and cultivated cenoses. On the selected biotopes (virgin cenosis, near-terrass biotope, alluvial deposits of Shin-chai, as well as agrocenoses of cereals and tobacco), the group composition and amount of microbiota, complexes of invertebrates, phytomass and humus content were comparatively studied. The accounting of phytomass on the virgin cenosis showed that plant products amount to 363 g/m2 of raw and 26 g/m2 of dry mass. Possible relationships between individual biological and some physico-chemical parameters are considered. The results obtained can be used as biotests in the diagnosis of alluvial-meadow soils. Plants are the primary source of organic residues in the soil, their main function of which as a soil-forming plant is to create primary bioproducts and participate in the global biological cycle.
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Nakonechniy, Yurii. "Microaggregate composition of alluvial soils of floodplain of Western Bug river." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8863.
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The study of the microaggregative composition of soils of the floodplain of the Western Bug River has been carried out. The microstructure of these soils is characterized by considerable strength, especially in the transition horizons. In the alluvial sod short-profile soils, the fraction of fine sand prevails. The microaggregate fractions dominant in alluvial turf typical soils are micro aggregates in the size of 0,05-0,01 mm. Alluvial meadow soils are characterized by the lack of a clear distribution of microaggregates by profile. In the humus horizon of these soils dominated particles in the size of 0,05-0,01 mm. In alluvial meadow and wetland soils, there is an even distribution of the profile of microaggregates of all fractions. For the in-depth assessment of the results of the microaggregate analysis, a number of indicators have been calculated that assess the potential soil potential for microstructure formation: the Kachinsky dispersion factor (K, %), the Fageler structural factor (Kc , %), the degree of aggregation by Baver and Roathers (Ka , %), the microstructure rate for Dimo (Kd , %) and the number of aggregation for Pustovoitov (Kp , %). Consequently, the study of the microorganic composition of alluvial soils in the floodplain of the Western Bug River has shown that they are characterized by an extremely stable microstructure of the soil, high water resistance of microaggregates. The highest values of these indicators are alluvial turf and meadow soils, and somewhat lower – alluvial turf short-profile soils. Key words: microaggregate composition, alluvial soils, stability of microstructure.
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Aliyu, Ahmed Sidi, Nuhu Musa Waziri, Hadiza Liman Mohammad, and Mohammed Abubakar Mohammed. "Partition behaviour of iron and zinc in the catchment alluvial sediments of River Gbako flood plains around Baddegi, central Bida basin, Nigeria." Scientia Bruneiana 18, no. 2 (2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46537/scibru.v18i2.94.
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Partition behaviors of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were studied in the alluvial sediments of River Gbako floodplains around Baddegi using empirical formulas. The samples were cored from three pits locations (TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3). Particle size distribution and geochemical analysis were performed. Particle size distribution results indicated that the sediments are sand dominated. They have more than 50% sand with smaller percentages of clay and silt. Average partition coefficient values of Fe in the sediments are 1.02, 0.83, and 0.88 for TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3, respectively, and for Zn are 1.02, 0.95, and 0.83, for TR-1, TR-2 and TR-3, respectively. The average velocities of Fe mobilization in the sediments are 0.08 m/day, 0.07 m/day and 0.09 m/day for TR-1, TR-2 and TR-3, respectively, and for Zn mobilization are 0.07 m/day, 0.07 m/day and 0.09 m/day, for TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3, respectively. The metals were preferentially partitioned in the sediments than the water percolating through them, with average hydraulic conductivity (K) of 4.2 m/day. The partition behavior of the metals is used to explain contaminant transportation in the alluvial sediments of the River Gbako floodplains around Baddegi and the principle behind groundwater purification in the shallow alluvial aquifers of these floodplains.
 
 Index Terms: Partition coefficient, hydraulic conductivity, alluvial sediments, floodplain, Nigeria
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Zaharova, Ellina D., and Vladimir R. Belyaev. "Contribution Of The Different Sources To The Formation Of Alluvial Sediments In The Selenga River Delta. (Eastern Siberia, Russia)." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 15, no. 4 (2023): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-098.
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Unraveling sources of sediment supply, their temporal and spatial variability is of key importance to determine origin of deposits and to explore the formation mechanism of Selenga Delta landscape units. From an environmental point of view this solution would help to identify the particle-bound pollution sources. We used geochemical fingerprinting (the FingerPro R package), which is a modern quantitative implementation of the method of sedimentary provenance analysis. The main aim was to recognize the main patterns of sediment and associated particle-bound pollutants transport and deposition within the delta. At the old floodplain from 55% to 90% of sediments were delivered from the eroded floodplain and terrace banks upstream and only about 10-15% originates from the remote basin sources. Sedimentary environment in the Khlystov Zaton reveals a greater variety than on the floodplains. 40% of sediments from the upper 5 cm-layer originated from the flood, taking place in 2013, and 30% were the product of floodplain and terraces banks erosion. Nevertheless, analysis of the fine-grained component of suspended sediment sets the material from eroded floodplain banks as the dominant source of accumulation within the delta. This means that the self-absorption is the leading process in the Selenga delta at the moment. Heavy metals and metalloids accumulates in the lower reaches of the Selenga on the floodplain surface, deltaic lakes and oxbows during high floods. Runoff decrease during floods can lead to the release of pollutants into the Lake Baikal.
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Kraus, Mary J., and Andres Aslan. "Using alluvial paleosols to interpret floodplain processes." Quaternary International 51-52 (January 1998): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(98)90199-9.
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Nordt, Lee. "Alluvial geoarchaeology: Floodplain archaeology and environmental change." Geoarchaeology 13, no. 5 (1998): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(199806)13:5<530::aid-gea6>3.0.co;2-1.
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Juhasz, Györgyi, Pal Müller, and Agnes Toth-Makk. "Alluvial Architecture and Fluvial Cycles in Quaternary Deposits in a Continental Interior Basin, E Hungary." Geologia Croatica 57, no. 2 (2004): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2004.14.
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The thickness of the studied Quaternary alluvial complex, locatedin the eastern part of the Pannonian Basin System, can exceed500 m. Based on subsurface facies analysis the following large-scaledepositional elements were identified: channel-fill deposits, point bardeposits, alluvial fan (sandy sheet-flood) deposits, floodplain andfloodbasin deposits, and thinner sandy–silty beds. They are classifiedinto four types of facies associations, showing a characteristicstacking pattern on the logs. Facies zonation and basin-scale faciesmapping of the overall Quaternary sedimentary succession shows thatin several areas dominated by stacked, multistorey sandy channel fillsediments, pre-existing superimposed channel belts can be presumed.In the central and deepest part of the basin muddy floodbasin (distalfloodplain and wetland) sediments dominate. Between these the largestarea represents the floodplain where single channel fill sands areinterbedded in the alluvial plain muds. In the eastern part of the basinthe well-logs highlight the distal part of an alluvial fan where sandysheet-flood deposits alternate with floodplain sediments.The recognized facies associations show a vertical pattern, i.e.they form a 40–100 m thick fining-upward fluvial cycle. The mostcharacteristic and even ideal cycle can be observed in the channelbelts and in the proximal floodplain zone. Here the basal memberof the cycle is made up of multistorey channel fill beds cut into theunderlying floodplain deposits. This is overlain by an alternatingsandy–muddy succession of channel fill and floodplain depositsforming the intermediate member. The upper member is composedof silty–clayey floodplain deposits with occasional very thin, discretesilty–sandy bodies.These three members form a fining upward sedimentary cycleinterpreted as representing low-, increasing- and high-accumulationspace deposits, respectively. As the basal multistorey channelfill sandstone facies association generally proved to lie above anextensive erosional surface which can be correlated regionally in thebasin, allocyclic controls can be assumed. In some parts of the basinthe cycle is not complete as the incised channels can be single, so thelow-accumulation space deposits can be missing and the high accumulation space deposits, i.e. the aggrading floodplain sediments, can be truncated.On a regional scale, six regionally extensive cycles were differentiatedabove each other. Although these cycles were allocyclicthe question of whether they were tectonically or climatically drivenremains open. However, the fact that six of them have been identified,suggests that they represent the large-scale 400 ka Milankovitchcycles during the Quaternary. The tectonic overprint is apparent in thethickness and internal architecture of the individual cycles.
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BALLANTYNE, Colin K. "After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110, no. 1-2 (2018): 133–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800004x.
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ABSTRACTDuring Lateglacial cold periods, permafrost developed throughout Scotland, sediment-mantled slopes were extensively modified by solifluction and other forms of periglacial mass movement, large-scale sorted patterned ground formed on plateaux, and enhanced rockfall resulted in talus accumulation below cliffs. Most rock-slope failures occurred within five millennia following ice-sheet deglaciation, with many probably triggered by uplift-induced earthquakes; numerous debris-free scarps represent sites where Lateglacial rockslide debris was excavated by glaciers during the Younger Dryas Stade (∼12.9–11.7 ka). Sandar and outwash fans deposited by glacial rivers during ice-sheet retreat were incised to form high-level terraces. Under the cool temperate but relatively stable climate of the Holocene, solifluction and patterned ground formation continued to operate on high ground, though accumulation of high-level aeolian deposits on most mountains was terminated by erosion during the Little Ice Age. Drift-mantled slopes and talus slopes have been extensively eroded by translational failures and debris flows, the latter depositing debris cones on upland valley floors. The incidence of Holocene rockslides has been much lower than during the Lateglacial period. Dating of alluvial deposits and low Holocene terraces suggests no consistent pattern of Holocene floodplain evolution: incision has apparently dominated in the Highlands, aggradation in the lowlands, and floodplains in the Southern Uplands have asynchronous histories of incision and aggradation. Studies of floodplain behaviour over the past 200–300 years suggest that though major floods rework the floodplains of braided and piedmont rivers, there is no tendency towards net floodplain aggradation or incision. Most valley-side alluvial fans accumulated episodically in the last 4000 years, many in response to lowering of hillslope stability by woodland clearance. For many postglacial landsystems, disentangling the effects of declining paraglacial sediment supply, climate change and local influences (extreme rainstorm events or anthropogenic impacts) remains challenging.
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Hasanov, V. "Morphogenetic Diagnostics and Nomenclature of Alluvial-Meadow Soils in the Subtropical Semiarid Area, Floodplain of the Kur River, Azerbaijan." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/83/10.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate morphologic features, diagnostic qualifiers and enhance classification of alluvial-meadow soils in the floodplain of the Kur River within Azerbaijan. For this purpose, several soil pits were placed in the representative test areas and multiple soil samples collected within field campaigns (2014–2015). Based on the field and laboratory test data, the detailed soil maps of the test areas were compiled, and diversity of alluvial-meadow soils was classified as suborders (subtypes): alluvial-meadow primitive; alluvial-meadow layered (flaggy); alluvial-meadow dark and alluvial-meadow irrigated. It was found out that in the floodplains, local soil variability was predominantly attributed to not only alluvial sediments, but also water table, mineralization rate and salt content of underground water as well flood water play an important role. The mineralization of ground water is weak (1.40–3.70 g/l) and the concentration of hydro-carbonates (HCO3−) varies from 0.56 to 0.92 g/l. No salinization indication found in the profile of alluvial-meadow primitive and alluvial-meadow layered soils, while weak concentration (solid content = 0.40–0.54%) was found at a depth of 80–150 cm in the alluvial-meadow dark soil. Unlike other subtypes, alluvial-meadow dark soil is characterized with the higher biomass (green weight of top = 41.5 cwt/ha and green weight of underground = 142.3 cwt/ha), high mobility of humus substances with predominance of the 1st fraction of humin (20.0–28.1%) and fulvic acids (14.6–22.3%). The ratio of Cha : Cfa reaches 1.18–1.32. For the alluvial-meadow irrigated soil, the second fraction of humin acid (9.3–10.2%) and total content of humin acid ranges from 45.6 to 50.3%. The ratio of Cha : Cfa is larger (1.37–1.50). Depending on the lithology of alluvial sediments, the content of SiO2and R2O3 varies in the ranges of 53.0–57.2% and 9,6–26,0%, respectively. For the alluvial-meadow dark soil, decomposition of alum silicates in alkaline hydrolysis is typical (8.7–9.0). The content of SiO2and R2O3 varies between 47.8 and 50.6 %, and 19.7 and 21.6%, respectively. In the topsoil, of the irrigated soils in associated to washing out the content of Ca and CaO content (12.2–13.1%) increases in deeper horizons.
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Fall, Patricia L. "Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream." Quaternary Research 28, no. 3 (1987): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90006-8.
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AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.
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Juhász, Magdolna, and Andrea Dénes. "Biomonitoring of alluvial willow forests." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 7 (2005): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2005.7.11.
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Alluvial forests with Salix alba on floodplain of river Drava were studied in five consequent years. Year-to-year changes in coenological characteristics of the community were pointed out. These changes are unambigiously connected with changes of water supply of the growing place. Preservation of natural state of the community needs temporal surface flooding connected to the river floods.
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Larson, Phillip H., Ronald I. Dorn, Douglas J. Faulkner, and Donald A. Friend. "Toe-cut terraces." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 4 (2015): 417–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315582045.
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Alluvial fans and fluvial terraces occur in nearly all climatic settings and often coexist within the same drainage basin. These landforms play an important role in understanding the geomorphic, hydrologic, sedimentologic and erosional histories of a basin. The juxtaposition of fans and fluvial terraces, in some instances, can lead to misinterpretation in distinguishing traditional fluvial terraces from the truncated toe of tributary alluvial fans. This becomes particularly troublesome for those attempting to interpret results from published field studies where fan-cut terrace, truncated alluvial fan, toe-cut alluvial fan, alluvial terrace, and incision of the lower end of a fan piedmont all refer to the same genetic landform. We call for use of the term “toe-cut terrace” to represent this landform. We also present criteria to aid in the identification of toe-cut terraces, defined as an abandoned alluvial surface, formed by the truncation of the distal portion of tributary alluvial fans by streams flowing obliquely or perpendicular to the fan surface. Truncation occurs through lateral erosion (“toe-cutting”) or through vertical incision by the trunk drainage lowering the base-level of the alluvial fan. This results in incision into the fan surface abandoning the fan’s depositional surface at a higher level above the modern floodplain – a form that often resembles a fluvial terrace. A case study from the Sonoran Desert in central Arizona illustrates a sequence of abandoned alluvial surfaces that resemble fluvial terraces, but use of the proposed criteria reveal the presence of both toe-cut terraces and traditional fluvial terraces formed by the abandonment of the rivers former floodplain.
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Marcheva, Zvezdelina, Tsvetan Kotsev, Assen Tchorbadjieff та Velimira Stoyanova. "Modeling of arsenic dynamics in groundwater of а river floodplain contaminated with mine tailings: Ogosta River case, NW Bulgaria". Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 48 (11 січня 2023): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e99206.
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This study aims to reveal the arsenic dynamics in groundwater of а river floodplain contaminated with mine tailings under temperate climate conditions and natural river hydrodynamics. Arsenic concentrations were monitored in the primary morphological units of the floodplain in the upper stretch of the Ogosta River in NW Bulgaria. Iron, lead-silver, and gold mining heavily affected the river valley in the second half of the 20th century. We used groundwater monitoring data from 21 piezometers for the period 2016-2020. Based on the geochemical and geomorphological conditions in the valley, the piezometers were grouped into three clusters. Regression models were developed for each cluster and representative piezometers to predict arsenic concentrations. In the active floodplain, seasonal fluctuations in arsenic concentrations followed the river and groundwater regime. In this part of the valley floor, we determined two periods of elevated arsenic concentrations during the spring and autumn/winter seasons that coincide with high river water stages. Arsenic content in the groundwater of the higher floodplain was less dependent on the water level fluctuations but followed changes in redox potential, electrical conductivity, and water temperature. The obtained results showed the elaborated models as valuable tools for studying arsenic dynamics in alluvial aquifers of contaminated river floodplains. The suggested models could be coupled with groundwater monitoring systems to monitor arsenic concentrations and identify periods of the year with levels below and above threshold values.
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Hereford, Richard. "Modern Alluvial History of the Paria Rver Drainage Basin, Southern Utah." Quaternary Research 25, no. 3 (1986): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90003-7.
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Stream channels in the Paria River basin were eroded and partially refilled between 1883 and 1980. Basin-wide erosion began in 1883; channels were fully entrenched and widened by 1890. This erosion occurred during the well-documented period of arroyo cutting in the Southwest. Photographs of the Paria River channel taken between 1918 and 1940 show that the channel did not have a floodplain and remained wide and deep until the early 1940s. A thin bar (<50 cm), now reworked and locally preserved, was deposited at that time. Basin-wide aggradation, which began in the early 1940s, developed floodplains by vertical accretion. The floodplain alluvium, 1.3–3 m thick. consists of two units recognizable throughout the studied area. An older unit was deposited during a time of low flow and sediment yield whereas the younger unit was deposited during times of high flow, sediment yield, and precipitation. Tree-ring dating suggests that the older unit was deposited between the early 1940s and 1956, and the younger between 1956 and 1980. The units are not time transgressive, suggesting that deposition by knickpoint recession was not an important process. High peak-flood discharges were associated with crosion and low flood discharges with aggradation. The erosional or aggradational mode of the streams was determined principally by peak-flood discharge, which in turn was controlled by precipitation.
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Sarı, Hüseyin, and Mikayil Öztürk. "Evaluation of basic soil characteristics of Turkish forests using GIS." Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 42, no. 1 (2025): 57–61. https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1540074.
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Riparian forests (or floodplain forests) are rare ecosystems with a variety of habitats resulting from the temporal and spatial variation in the relationship between the water level of rivers and the geomorphological characteristics of floodplains. Turkey is one of the countries with floodplain forest ecosystem characteristics. These forests, protected under various status are significant for biodiversity. Although many studies have been carried out on the forest cover, vegetation, landscape characteristics and tourism potential of Turkey’s floodplain forests, little research has been carried out on the basic soil characteristics. However, it is very important to explain the basic soil properties for evaluating the existing floodplain forest ecosystem in a sustainable way. The aim of this study was to evaluate the basic soil properties of Turkey’s riparian forests using GIS. In this context, firstly, 9 floodplain forests reported in the literature and their boundaries were identified. These were Acarlar, Hacıosman (Meşeligöl), Hendek-Süleymaniye, İğneada, Karacabey, Köyceğiz, Sarıkum, Sinop-Aksaz and Yörükler (Galeriç) floodplain forests. The basic soil characteristics within the boundaries of these flooded forests were described using GIS techniques. The basic soil properties were extracted from the data of the National Soil Information System provided by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. According to the results of the study, alluvial soils are generally widespread in the flooded forests connected to river systems. When evaluated in terms of land use, the largest class of floodplain forests is woodland. When evaluated in terms of land capability class, class II, III and VII soils are the areas that generally characterize the flooded forests.
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Machar, Ivo, and Vilém Pechanec. "Application of geoecological concept of the alluvial landscape in the creation of nature reserve (case study from Czech Republic)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 3 (2011): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159030123.
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The geoecological concept of the alluvial landscape describes the variability and consecutive character of alluvial ecotopes and biocenoses, which are interrelated in terms of their homeorhetic development, in their dynamic ecological stability. This article deals with application of this landscape concept in the frame of creation of nature reserve as core zone of the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic). Complex protection of the whole floodplain ecosystem, which comprised all components of the fluvial succession series of alluvial habitats, was proposed on the basis of determination of geomorphological type of the river system. Analyses of the floodplain forest stands status within the study area were performed using methods that are normally used in the elaboration of management plans of protected areas within forest land on the basis of data from Forest Management Plan. The area of the proposed NNR was created by the overlay of the special map layers using method gap-analysis in the frame of GIS.
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Lang, S. C., P. Grech, R. Root, A. Hill, and D. Harrison. "THE APPLICATION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY TO EXPLORATION AND RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE COOPER-EROMANGA-BOWEN-SURAT BASIN SYSTEM." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00011.
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The application of sequence stratigraphy to non-marine strata in intracratonic basins is still in its infancy, however, the predominantly non-marine Cooper- Eromanga-Surat-Bowen basin system of Eastern Australia provides an excellent opportunity to demonstrate how sequence stratigraphic concepts can be applied to non-marine successions to assist with exploration and reservoir development. The key to applying sequence stratigraphic concepts in non-marine basins lies in understanding the role of alluvial sediment accommodation relative to sediment supply. Accommodation is created by a combination of tectonic subsidence, compaction and changing water tables in floodplain lakes, marshlands and peat mires. If the alluvial basin is directly connected to the marine system then eustacy may influence accommodation in the lower reaches of the alluvial network, but its effect will significantly diminish upstream depending on the slope. Climate change will, however, have an impact on fluvial discharge, rising water tables, floodplain lake levels, and sediment flux. For sediments to accumulate, accommodation must be positive, whereas negative accommodation leads to erosion. Fluvial accommodation is, therefore, comparable with the concept of base-level. During an episode of basin-wide tectonic uplift or tilting, falling base-level (negative accommodation) leads to widespread erosion on the basin margins or over intra-basinal highs, and an unconformity equivalent to a sequence boundary develops. If followed by a period of low accommodation, rivers rework much of their floodplain, resulting in a sheetlike, amalgamated succession of predominantly sandy bedload deposits of high nett to gross, equivalent to an alluvial lowstand. Further downstream, lowstand deltas may form in the lakes.
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RAHMAN, Munsur, Hajime NAKAGAWA, and M. Anisul HAQUE. "SCOURING AROUND SPUR-DIKES IN ALLUVIAL FLOODPLAIN RIVERS." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 48 (2004): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.48.1075.
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