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Journal articles on the topic 'Alluvial soil'
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1
Liang, Jian Wen, and Ming Liang Liu. "Nonlinear Amplification of Seismic Ground Motion by Alluvial Valley." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1572.
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This paper studies nonlinear amplification of seismic ground motion by alluvial valley in layered sites. The equivalent linear method is used in dynamic analysis and transmitting boundaries are added at boundaries of the computation region. It is shown that, soil nonlinearity has significant effect on seismic ground motion around alluvial valley. The amplitudes in the case of linear alluvium and soil layers are the largest, those in the case of nonlinear alluvium and soil layers are the smallest, and those in the case of nonlinear alluvium and linear soil layers fall in between. The periods in the case of nonlinear alluvium and soil layers are the longest, those in the case of nonlinear alluvium and soil layers and those in the case of linear alluvium and linear soil layers are almost the same.
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Sağlam, M., H. S. Öztürk, S. Erşahin, and A. İ. Özkan. "Spatial variation of soil physical properties in adjacent alluvial and colluvial soils under Ustic moisture regime." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 4261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4261-2011.
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Abstract. Soils vary spatially due to differences in soil management and soil formation factors. The soil spatial variability is an important determinant of efficiency of farm inputs and yield. This study was carried out to identify and compare spatial variation of some soil physical properties by geostatistics in alluvial and adjacent colluvial soils formed under ustic moisture regime at Gökhöyük State Farm (1750 ha), Amasya, Turkey. Seventy four soil samples were collected on a regular grid (500 × 500-m) and additional 224 samples were collected on 28 500-m fine-transects, randomly superimposed between the nodes of grids. Semivariograms and corresponding kriging maps for soil texture, soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and available water content (AWC) were prepared. Statistical analyses were conducted separately for colluvial and alluvial sites as well as whole area. The soils in alluvial site is rich in clay with high BD and SOM, and low in Ks and AWC; and the soils in colluvial site was designated as low in Ks, SOM, and AWC and high in BD. All variables, except SOM, showed a strong spatial dependency. In general, nugget, sill and range values of most of the studied soil variables decreased from alluvial site to colluvial site. When local (alluvial and colluvial sites separately) and global (alluvial + colluvial) kriged maps for BD, AWC, and soil textural separates, use of global semivariograms (one semivariogram for entire study area) resulted in lost of some details in colluvial sites, suggesting that local semivariograms for alluvial and colluvial soils should be used in kriging predictions at the farm. The results had significant implications for water management as AWC was spatially associated to clay content in alluvial site and to clay and sand contents in colluvial site.
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Roslikova, V. I., and L. A. Matyushkina. "Differentiation of the soil cover of the floodplain of the Middle-Amur Lowland in connection with the evolution of the relief forms." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 106 (March 27, 2021): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-105-129.
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The article is based on a long-term study of floodplain soils of the Amur River valley within the north-eastern part of the Middle-Amur Lowland. The results of field work on the soil-geomorphological profile across the Slavyansky Island, located 200 km from Khabarovsk down the Amur River, are discussed. The study analyzes the occurrence of the island's floodplain soils on riolkas[1] and their properties, with an emphasis on morphology and lithological and particle-size composition. The features of soil formation on riolkas of different genesis – alluvial and aeolian – are shown. On sandy and sandy-loam deposits of alluvial riolkas (“meadow-forest” ridges) poorly developed sod gley soils are formed. On heavy loam and clay alluvium of the “meadow“ ridges, annually flooded by river waters, sod-meadow gley soils develop under the woodreed grass stand. Sand deposits of high aeolian riolkas are characterized by a homogeneous fine-grained structure without interlayers, signs of organic matter and with a significant amount of mica. They describe poorly developed sod-forest soils under high-trunk oak forests. The formation of texture-differentiated soils on all types of riolkas was not revealed. When the floodplain reaches the position of the first terrace above the floodplain, the differences in the lithological composition and particle-size distribution, soil texture, height above the water edge and the nature of vegetation on the inherited riolkas provide a multidirectional evolution of soil formation. At the same time, the development is taking place in accordance with the zonal types of soils (sod-forest, brown-earth, texture-differentiated – soil with a bleached horizon (podbel)). The last are mainly formed on clay-loam alluvium, which can overlay not only alluvial, but also some aeolian riolkas. [1]Riolkas are ancient, relatively high sand ridges (extended dunes) with plant cover found in Amur region (Russian Far East).
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Martynov, A. V. "Available for plants phosphorus in the floodplain catenas of the Amur River." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 107 (July 12, 2021): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-107-61-91.
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This work was carried out to study the content and distribution of available for plants phosphorus in different types of floodplain soils along five catenas located in the upper and the middle Amur. It was found that the available for plants phosphorus forms in the soils of floodplains are influenced by the following factors: the structure of the river system, the type of floodplain, the type of vegetation cover, and soil-forming processes. During the long-term transportation of alluvium along the river bed, its hydrogenic weathering occurs with the release of phosphorus into river waters. In the absence of tributaries serving as additional sources of alluvium, the phosphorus content decreases downstream. More intense floodplain and alluvial processes in small floodplains provide renewal of the soil profile and replenishment of phosphorus reserves. In the soils under the birch forest, there is a significant accumulation of phosphorus, in comparison with the soils under meadow vegetation. The development of gley processes leads to active mobilization of phosphorus, but the long-term exposure leads to the depletion of its total reserves. The illimerization processes, initiated and developing when the floodplain hydrological regime of alluvial soils is changed to another one, promote the migration of iron oxides and phosphorus, adsorbed by the former, beyond the soil profile. To summarize, the average content of available for plants phosphorus, depending on the type of soil, decreases downstream from 300–100 mg/kg in the upper Amur to 170–20 mg/kg in the middle Amur. Available for plants of phosphorus are best provided in primitive alluvial layered soils, while in residual floodplain brunezems the lowest content is recorded.
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Chiang, Jie Lun, and Shih Hao Jien. "Detecting Soil Water Content of Red Soil and Younger Alluvial Soil Using a Spectrometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.287.
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To provide a simple and fast alternative in measuring soil water content (SWC), a spectrometer was used to detect SWC because of different soil water contents, leading to different reflectance spectrums. Two commonly seen soil types in Taiwan are red soil and younger alluvial soil, which were used as test materials in this study. Fifty red soil samples and 50 younger alluvial soil samples were used as testing samples for comparative study. The root mean square error of SWC estimation of red soil and younger alluvial soil is 3.65 and 7.26, respectively. The results show that the estimation accuracy of red soil is higher than that of younger alluvial soil. The estimation error is random for red soil, and decreases exponentially for younger alluvial soil. Spectrometers have the potential to detect soil water content, especially in red soil. After full development of this technology, remote sensing will be applied to detect soil water content or even water-induced landslides.
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Ivanova, Natalia Nikolaevna, Vasily Ivanovich Kargin, Aleksandr Nikiphorovich Danilov, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Letuchiy. "Agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of Insar river flood." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp8-12.
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Studies show that the most fertile are the granular soils of the Central floodplain of the Insar river. They have high humus content in the upper horizons – 4.6-7.6 %. Down the profile, the humus content gradually decreases, but remains relatively high: at a depth of 60-70 cm – 4.0 %. The humus content in alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils is much lower. The active reaction of these soils is neutral or slightly acidic, since the river and groundwater of the Insar floodplain are medium mineralized and belong to the class of bicarbonate. The hydrolytic acidity of the alluvial granular soil of the Insar floodplain is 1.6-3.0 mg / 100 g of soil. The values of hydrolytic acidity of alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils are higher: 2.6-3.6 and 1.8–3.2 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely saturated with bases: 91-97 %. The studied alluvial granular soils of the Insar floodplain are characterized by an average content of available phosphorus. In granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils, the amount of this element is slightly less and is 7.0–5.1 and 7.4–5.4 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The most potassium-rich alluvial granular soil in the floodplain of the Insar river, where the content of this element in the upper layers is characterized as high: 16.5–27.6 mg/100 g of soil. In the sod layer of granular-layered soil, potassium availability is average: 9.5-15.4 mg / 100 g of soil. In the turf layer of meadow-marsh soils, potassium content is observed for most crops (8.0-10.4 mg / 100 g of soil), with depth it decreases.
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Agustinus Mangungsong, Soemarsono, and Dan Fatardho Zudri. "Pemanfaatan Mikroba Tanah dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik serta Peranannya terhadap Tanah Aluvial dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kakao." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 47, no. 3 (January 14, 2020): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v47i3.24721.
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The use of microorganisms and organic materials in agriculture because it can increase the availability of soil nutrients and absorption by plants and form soil structures becomes looser. The purpose of this study was to obtain the most effective types of decomposer microorganisms and the most appropriate organic fertilizer (compost) to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of alluvial soils and their role in plants in cocoa seedlings. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Soil, Greenhouses and experimental gardens of the Agricultural Polytechnic State Payakumbuh Tanjung Pati Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. The study uses experimental methods. The study used a factorial randomized block design on soil tests and a complete randomized design for the cacao seedling test. Parameters observed were alluvial soil pH, N-total alluvial soil, P-available alluvial soil, K-exchangeable alluvial soil, alluvial soil volume weight, the total population of alluvial soil bacteria, plant height of cocoa seedlings, number of leaves of cocoa seedlings, stem diameter of cocoa seedlings, dry weight of cacao seed stover. The results of the study there were no differences in the treatment of the type of compost and the type of microorganisms to the pH value of the soil. Types of microorganisms with the type of compost can increase the total N content in alluvial soil. The use of compost types and types of microorganisms had a significantly different effect on the value of soil volume weight, P-available, K-exchangeable, and the total population of alluvial soil bacteria. Treatment of Type of Compost Tithonia and Types of Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma harzianum microorganisms have the best influence on soil test variables. The application of cacao seedlings at the dose of Tithonia compost 1.25 kg/polybag provides the best growth.
Keywords: Alluvial soil, cocoa seedlings, compost, microorganisms
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Jędruszczak, Maria, and Jan Majda. "Weeds of cereal stubble-fields on various soils in the Kielce region. P. III. Black, alluvial and rendzina soils." Acta Agrobotanica 47, no. 2 (2013): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1994.011.
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The weed flora growing stubble-fields area is determined by soil features. Weeds found in cereal stubble-fields on black soils formed from sands and loams, medium and haevy alluvial soils as well as brown and chernozem rendzina soils are presented in the paper. The 273 phytosociological records were worked out. They were collected from 87 stands situated in 76 localities of Kielce region. The results showed that species number and species composition were dependent on the soils (black. alluvial, rendzina). The existance of 118 (medium alluvial soil) to 140 (brown rendzina soil) weed species, including 73 common for all of the soils considered, was found there. Relatively high per cent (29-35) of them belonged to perennial weeds. From 22 (brown rendzina soil) to 35 (heavy alluvial soil) of species reached high constancy degrees (V-III). <i>Stellaria media, Myosotis arvensis, Polygonum aviculare, Agropyron repens</i> and <i>Cirsium arvense</i> predominated on the all of the soil examined. Among the weed flora registered, 25 species, recorded only on rendzina soils, were distinguishable for that soils.
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Chen, Xiang Yang. "Quaternary sedimentation, parna, landforms, and soil landscapes of the Wagga Wagga 1 : 100 000 map sheet, south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 35, no. 3 (1997): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96071.
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The Wagga Wagga 1 : 100 000 map sheet is on the Western Slopes of southern New South Wales. The regional topography changes from hills in the east and south-east to gently sloping rises and alluvial plains in the west. Aeolian clays (parna) form a consistent clay regolith regardless of the underlying geology in the gently sloping areas. In some alluvial plains and on some lower hill slopes, the surficial sediments contain a significant portion of reworked parna. In hilly areas, parna is poorly preserved except on some remnant ancient land surfaces, such as dissected plateaux and piedmont plains. The soil pattern in the area is well controlled by landform processes and history. On relatively steep hill slopes, locally derived materials from weathering of bedrock are usually the dominant components of the soils, and geology is the dominant factor controlling soil distribution. In contrast, the Murrumbidgee high floodplain is covered by uniform silty clay with deep clayey soils (brown/grey Dermosols). Before the mid-Holocene, the alluvium mainly comprised sands and gravels, which were reworked by wind forming sand sheets and sand mounds (source-bordering dunes) on which deep sandy soils (Rudosols) now occur. The sediments and soils on the alluvial plains of local streams vary according to their distance from the source area and the flooding frequency. Areas considered to be mantled by parna, uniform red clayey soils (haplic red Kandosols/Chromosols) occur. Although the distribution pattern of the soils is controlled by the landform evolution, the relationships between soil morphological properties and topography are not readily quantified. On the alluvial and gently sloping landforms, soil properties usually show little change even though slope gradient and slope length vary. Some soils, e.g. the Rudosols on the sand sheets, rarely show any topographic features which may indicate their presence. In limited areas, e.g. on steeper hills formed on metasedimentary rock, the soil properties vary with changes in topographic parameters (slope gradient and slope length).
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&NA;. "Alluvial Soils." Soil Science 146, no. 3 (September 1988): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198809000-00015.
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Roy, S., P. Bhattacharyya, and A. K. Ghosh. "Influence of toxic metals on activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in metal-contaminated landfill soils." Soil Research 42, no. 3 (2004): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03044.
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A study was conducted to determine the effect of toxic metals on soil acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) enzyme activities in landfill soils. The enzyme activities were consistently higher in the landfill soils than in an uncontaminated alluvial soil. The landfill soils contained higher concentrations of metals (iron, manganese, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper) than did the alluvial soil. Enzyme activities were negatively correlated with the metals, with inhibition increasing with the bioavailability of the metals. It is suggested that the metals affected enzyme activities by behaving synergistically or additively with each other. Although the landfill soils had higher enzyme activities than the alluvial soil due to higher organic matter concentrations, the ratios of enzyme activity/organic carbon indicated that inhibition of enzyme synthesis and stability had occurred due to metal stress.
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Pant, Pawan Kumar, Shri Ram, and Aakash Mishra. "Sequential extraction of different pools of phosphorus in alluvial and acid soils of Uttarakhand." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1524.
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The sequencing and availability of inorganic and organic fractions of phosphorus at different days interval in two soils after the fertilizer (SSP) application was the objective of this investigation. The study helped to obtain the sequence of dominating pool of phosphorus at different days intervals and the rate of release in the soil. This sequential fractionation was used for two native soils i) Alluvial soil and ii) Acidic soil, with 0 to 80 ppm SSP/ 100 gm soil added in a pot experiment and the soil samples were analyzed at different days intervals started from 5 days to 60 days. The result revealed that amount of maximum total P fell in the range from 325.14 to 387.30 mg kg-1 and 284.60 to 330.25 mg kg-1 for alluvial soil and acid soil, respectively up to 30 days. In case of inorganic P fractions under alluvial soil the dominating species were like Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P >Saloid-P, while under acidic soil the following order Fe-P > Al-P > Ca-P > Saloid-P was observed. These two observations also drew the concentration of organic-P fractions in soil. The work concluded that the availability of dominant phosphorus fraction up to 30 days received the maximum Ca-P concentration in alluvial soil and Fe-P up to 60 days in acidic soils, respectively.
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Vasu, Duraisamy, Surendra Kumar Singh, Pramod Tiwary, Padikkal Chandran, Sanjay Kumar Ray, and Veppangadu Perumal Duraisami. "Pedogenic processes and soil–landform relationships for identification of yield-limiting soil properties." Soil Research 55, no. 3 (2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16111.
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Knowledge of soil–landform relationships helps in understanding the dominant pedogenic processes causing variations in soil properties within and between landforms. In this study, we investigated how major pedogenic processes in three landform positions of the semi-arid Deccan Plateau (India) have led to current plant yield-limiting soil properties. For this, we characterised 26 pedons from three landforms – piedmont, alluvial plain and valley – and performed factor analysis on the dataset. As the frequency distribution of the dataset was highly skewed for most of the soil properties, landform-wise partition and log-transformation were performed before studying soil variability within landforms. Results indicated that two factors explained 56, 71 and 64% of variability in soil properties in piedmonts, alluvial plains and valleys, respectively. The major soils in lower piedmonts (Typic Haplustalfs and Typic Rhodustalfs) were spatially associated with Vertisols (Sodic Haplusterts) occurring in alluvial plains and valleys. The soil properties in alluvial plains and valleys (Vertic Haplustepts, Sodic Haplusterts and Typic Ustifluvents) were modified due to regressive pedogenic processes. These soils were characterised by high pH (8.5–9.8), exchangeable sodium percentage (16.5–46.6) and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity (<1cmh–1). Subsoil sodicity induced by the presence of pedogenic calcium carbonate impaired the hydraulic conductivity. Subsoil sodicity and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity were identified as major yield-limiting soil properties. The relationships found between specific soil properties, surface and subsurface horizons, and position in the landscape helped to determine the dominant pedogenic processes and how these influenced current soil properties and their effects on crop yield.
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Bogucki, A., A. Jacyshyn, R. Dmytruk, O. Tomeniuk, D. Zavalij, and M. Lanczont. "High terraces of the Dnister River at environs of the village Dovhe." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 1, no. 40 (December 12, 2012): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2012.40.2036.
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At environs of the village Dovhe in Ivano-Frankivs’k region (oblast) the fourth, fifth and sixth terraces of the Dnister River are well developed. They occur in the close vicinity to each other and are fully exposed. The authors published sections of the V and VI terraces earlier. In the present paper the description of the IV terrace is given. All the high terraces of the Dnister River from environs of Dovhe show the geological substrate below the alluvial cover. The section over the substrate parts is composed of the gravelly-to-pebbly channel alluvial deposits, sand and clay deposits of the alluvial plain, and covering subaerial loess and paleosoil deposits of the various thicknesses. In the fourth terrace, the complete section of the first and the second phases of the Korshiv paleosoil are exposed, with the entire thickness equal 3.6 m. Therefore, the ancient Korshiv paleosoil complex in the Dovhe section can be the stratotype section for the Forecarpathians. Key words: terrace, alluvium, subaerial cover, loess-soil series, buried soils, soil complexes, paleolit.
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Nakonechniy, Yurii. "Microaggregate composition of alluvial soils of floodplain of Western Bug river." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8863.
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The study of the microaggregative composition of soils of the floodplain of the Western Bug River has been carried out. The microstructure of these soils is characterized by considerable strength, especially in the transition horizons. In the alluvial sod short-profile soils, the fraction of fine sand prevails. The microaggregate fractions dominant in alluvial turf typical soils are micro aggregates in the size of 0,05-0,01 mm. Alluvial meadow soils are characterized by the lack of a clear distribution of microaggregates by profile. In the humus horizon of these soils dominated particles in the size of 0,05-0,01 mm. In alluvial meadow and wetland soils, there is an even distribution of the profile of microaggregates of all fractions. For the in-depth assessment of the results of the microaggregate analysis, a number of indicators have been calculated that assess the potential soil potential for microstructure formation: the Kachinsky dispersion factor (K, %), the Fageler structural factor (Kc , %), the degree of aggregation by Baver and Roathers (Ka , %), the microstructure rate for Dimo (Kd , %) and the number of aggregation for Pustovoitov (Kp , %). Consequently, the study of the microorganic composition of alluvial soils in the floodplain of the Western Bug River has shown that they are characterized by an extremely stable microstructure of the soil, high water resistance of microaggregates. The highest values of these indicators are alluvial turf and meadow soils, and somewhat lower – alluvial turf short-profile soils. Key words: microaggregate composition, alluvial soils, stability of microstructure.
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Mamedzadeh, V. "Quantitative Indicators of Microorganisms in Alluvial Soils of Natural Biotopes on the Southern Slope of the Greater Caucasus." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/60/20.
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This article discusses the results of studies on the microbiology of alluvial soils on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. The first information on the number of microorganisms in alluvial soils of natural biotopes is presented. The changes are associated with alluvial (river) sediments of the Shinchay River; the riverbed and above-floodplain terrace are compared. The analysis of soils of meadow-herbaceous (gramineous) and undersized shrubs (wild rose, blackberry, tamarix) vegetation is presented. Differences were revealed in quantitative indicators and the percentage ratio of individual groups of microbiota biotopes. In conclusion, it is concluded that the alluvial deposits of Shinchai in the 0–30 cm soil layer contain 3119.23 thousand/g microorganisms, and in soil samples taken from the above-floodplain terrace in a similar 0–30 cm layer — 4406.53 thousand/g.
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Nakonechnyy, Yuriy. "Group fractional composition of humus of alluvial soils of floodplain of Western Bug River." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1228.
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Fractionally-group composition of humus alluvial turf, meadow, meadow marsh and bog soils of floodplain of Western Bug River was characterized. The results of studies of quality of soil humus of floodplain of this river by Ukrainian and foreign researchers were analyzed. The main indicators of fractionally-group composition of humus soils were studied. Key words: alluvial soils, humus of soil, fractionally-group composition of humus, humic acids, fulvic acids.
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Łabaz, Beata, Adam Bogacz, and Cezary Kabała. "Anthropogenic transformation of soils in the Barycz valley – conclusions for soil classification / Antropogeniczne przekształcenia gleb w Dolinie Baryczy - wnioski dotyczące klasyfikacji gleb." Soil Science Annual 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2015-0001.
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AbstractLarge-scale river regulation, drainage and intense farming in the Barycz valley initiated in 17th century activated a transformation of the initial alluvial and swamp-alluvial soils. Soils on the Holocene flooded terraces have deep, acid humus horizons (umbric) and gleyic properties at shallow depth, but have no stratification of parent material to a depth of 100 cm. Despite the location in the floodplain, soils cannot be classified as black-earth alluvial soils (mady czarnoziemne) using the criteria of Polish soil classification (2011). The soils on the Pleistocene non-flooded terraces have a deep, base-saturated humus horizon (mollic) and gleyic properties in the lower part of soil profile, which allows to classify them as the black earths (czarne ziemie). Prominent stratification of the parent material well preserved in these soils has no influence on their classification (due to the age sediments). Almost all humus horizons of these soils meet the definition of anthric characteristics, and more than half of the studied soils can be classified as culturozemic soils - rigosols - which emphasises the important role of man in the transformation and gaining of morphological features of these soils. The lack of precise criteria for identifying soil types in the chernozemic order of the Polish soil classification (2011) causes difficulties in the classification of soils on the river terraces, in particular, in distinguishing between black-earth alluvial soils and black earths.
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Li, Sheng Yu, Jia Qiang Lei, Xin Wen Xu, Hai Feng Wang, and Feng Gu. "Dust Source of Sandstorm in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4592–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4592.
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Dust supply is important to sandstorm occurrence as well as wind regime. Dust supply is closely related to groundsurface conditions showed by these index soil physical composition, soil moisture, vegetation cover, human activities. The physical conditions of groundsurface in the Tarim basin is distributed in a ringlike pattern. From edge to hinterland, there are various landscapes in turn as follow: mountains, piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and plains and shifting desert. At the same time, in this turn, different types of soil has been developed there: brown desert soil, ancient oasis cultivated soil (anthropogenic-alluvial soil), swamp soil, desert forest meadow soil, paddy soil, saline soil, takyr soil, shifting sandy soil, and so on. Through comprehensive analysis, some conclusions were drew as the follow: (1)shifting deserts are the major dust source of sandstorm occurred in the hinterland and the south fringe of the Taklimakan Desert; (2)cultivated soils are another dust source of sandstorm occurred in oasis areas disturbed by high-intensity human activities; (3) gobi deserts in upper of piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and desert forest areas on alluvial plains are the potential dust sources with high dust-emitting ability that can be activiated by human activities.
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Kaszubkiewicz, Jarosław, Ewa Pora, Dorota Kawałko, Paweł Jezierski, and Bernard Gałka. "Comparison of Total Content of Zinc and Arsenic in Soils of Średzka Upland and Wrocław Ice-Marginal Valley." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 25, no. 4 (December 10, 2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2014-0021.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to demonstrate that alluvial sediments of Wrocław ice-marginal Valley are characterized by higher con-centrations of metallic elements in relation to the adjacent areas of different soil cover genesis. Studies of zinc and arsenic content in soils were carried out in six municipalities of Średzki district. A total of 117 soil samples from arable land was collected: 80 from Średzka Upland and 37 from Wrocław ice-marginal Valley The process of accumulation of heavy metals in alluvial sediments in the Wocław ice-marginal Valley is so effective that, despite the heavier grain size composition of the soil cover immediately adjacent to Średzka Upland, zinc and arsenic concentrations are higher in the alluvial soils.
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Perets, Khrystyna, Oksana Vovk, Oleh Orlov, and Olena Lutsyshyn. "The properties of river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8867.
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Alluvial soil formation is a dynamic process, the main prerequisite of which is the regular, periodic flooding of the river floodplain with flood waters, which are enriched with multidispersed organic and mineral particles. During the last century, about 80 % of territory of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain was transformed by means of hydrotechnical construction: waterproof dams and drainage channels have broken the wide river floodplains into isolated fragments, making impossible the free flow of flood waters, enriched with silt. The results of the study of stratification patterns of the river silt in the riverbed floodplain, depending on the flow velocity, granulometric composition, physical and chemical properties, given its role in the floodplain soil formation are given. The granulometric composition of the Dniester River silt changes downstream from the sandy to the heavy-loamy; In the floodplains of the Stryj and Svicha rivers medium- and heavy-loamy deposits are postponed, respectively. In the upper part of the Upper- Dniester alluvial plain (Chaikovichi 1, 2) accumulates a silt with predominance of the medium and fine sand fraction, which forms a good filtration ability of soils, whereas downstream the physical clay content increases (up to 47.2 %), which makes the river silt an important source of mineral nutrition of plants. The domination (over 40 %)in silt granulometric composition the rough dust fraction (Ustia 1, Zalisky 1) contributes to the improvement of the water-physical properties of alluvial soils and provides optimal conditions for the biota functioning. For the investigated river alluviums an alkaline reaction of the extract (pH (H2O) = 7,44–8,03) and low content of humus (0,54–3,80 %) are characteristic. The amount of nitrogen in the silt varies within 1,47–18,20 mg/100 g of soil. The river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain are an active factor in floodplain soil formation, since it optimizes the water-physical and physical-chemical properties of alluvial soils. But the influence area of silt on the soilsis sharply reduced and is limited only to the space in front of the dams. In the soils outside the dam, to which no fresh alluvial material comes, the hydrological regime is rebuilt and properties change substantially, up to the loss of their typological alluvial features. Key words: river alluviums, silt, floodplain, the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain, alluvial soils, hydrotechnical fragmentation.
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Fall, Patricia L. "Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream." Quaternary Research 28, no. 3 (November 1987): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90006-8.
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AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.
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Jakka, Ravi Sankar, Amit Shiuly, and Ranjit Das. "Liquefaction Potential for Kolkata City." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 4, no. 2 (July 2013): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2013070102.
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This paper presents the liquefaction potential of densely populated Kolkata city, which is situated on the world's largest delta island with very soft and thick alluvial soil deposits. Due to presence of soft alluvium deposits at shallow depths, soil resistance against liquefaction is expected to be less. Additionally, large thickness of soil layers may amplify the ground shaking resulting in high seismic demand on the soil. Here in this study, variation of factor of safety against liquefaction is evaluated with depth at different locations in Kolkota city. The study founds striking results that the Kolkata city soils are less prone to liquefaction even though there is significant ground amplification due to presence of thick soil deposits.
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Chizhikov, Vitaliy, A. V. Osipov, Ilya Suminsky, and Katinda Belo. "Modern characteristics of the properties of meadow-boggy soils of rice agrocenosis in the republic of Adygeya." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128506011.
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In this work, changes in the composition and properties of alluvial meadow-boggy soils are considered, with prolonged use in rice crop rotation and not involved in agricultural production - a virgin plot. The morphological differences of meadow-boggy soils of a rice field from a virgin area were revealed, which subsequently determine the properties of the soil cover of the Kuban River delta. The regularities of the interdependence of the granulometric composition of the soil, which lie in the mineralogical composition of alluvial soils and rocks, have been revealed. The tendency of an increase in soil density with an increase in the content of physical clay and silt, as well as an increase in the density of the solid phase of soils, has been established. No significant differences were found in the indices of the agrophysical properties of the subsurface horizons of soils and underlying sediments. The assessment of fertility indicators of meadow-boggy soil of a rice field and virgin analogue is given. Hydromorphic soil-forming processes have led to a significant change in the properties of alluvial deposits and soils involved in the rice crop rotation.
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Vershinin, Anatoly A., Andrey M. Petrov, Lenar K. Karimullin, Igor V. Knyazev, and Tatyana V. Kuznetsova. "Physiological activity of recultivated alluvial soils with different residual content of oil products." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University 54, no. 2 (June 19, 2021): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-2/15.
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Abstract. The respiratory activity parameters of various types of alluvial soils with different residual content of oil products were studied. The inhibitory effect of oil products on basal respiration in re-cultivated soils was not found. The substrate-induced respiration of most soils remained at the control level or decreased slightly. Soils differed significantly in the degree of resistance of their microbial pool to oil products. The microflora of alluvial soils is able to overcome the negative effects of high oil concentrations. In remediated soils, a strong effect of oil on the community of soil microorganisms was not found, while medium or low impact prevailed. Microbial communities of light alluvial soils showed more resistance to oil products. Restoration measures on alluvial meadow soils require more attention than remediation of alluvial bog and meadow soils.
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Tanudjaya, Lea Karen, and Chaidir Anwar Makarim. "PERKUATAN TANAH DENGAN METODE SAND COMPACTION PILE PADA TANAH GAMBUT DAN ALUVIAL." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v0i0.11112.
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Construction on the peat soil and alluvial soil will increase rapidly in the future, if we don’t know the characteristics of the soil, construction problems and failures will occur. Peat soil and alluvial soil has a very low bearing capacity, so they have a very large settlement. Alluvial soil and any other sandy soils has a very low bearing capacity, just like peat soil, and sandy soil has a highly potential of liquefaction. This research is to find out whether Sand Compaction Pile method can improve the bearing capacity of the peat and alluvial soil, and prevent liquefaction in sandy soil. In this case study, we only focus to one bore hole that has a peat layer above the alluvial layer and then improve it with Sand Compaction Pile method. Comparing the bearing capacity results, before and after the improving, with Sand Compaction Pile method, we can find out whether the Sand Compaction Pile can be used for the soil improving method on the peat and alluvial soil. Pembangunan di atas tanah gambut dan tanah aluvial akan meningkat secara drastis kedepannya, apabila kita tidak mengetahui karakteristik dari tanah tersebut maka akan banyak masalah da/atau kegagalan konstruksi. Tanah gambut dan tanah aluvial memiliki daya dukung yang rendah sehingga akan mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan yang besar. Tanah aluvial atau tanah berpasir lainnya juga memiliki daya dukung yang rendah dan kemungkinan potensi terjadinya likuefaksi sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan metode Sand Compaction Pile (SCP) dapat memperbaiki parameter tanah, meningkatkan daya dukung dari tanah gambut dan tanah aluvial, dan mencegah potensi terjadinya likuefaksi pada tanah berpasir. Studi kasus ini lebih difokuskan terhadap salah satu bor log yang memiliki lapisan gambut yang tebal dan kemudian di perbaiki dengam metode Sand Compaction Pile. Dengan membandingkan hasil dari daya dukung tanah sebelum di perbaiki dan setelah di perbaiki dengan metode Sand Compaction Pile, kita dapat mengetahui apakah Sand Compaction Pile dapat di gunakan sebagai metode perbaikan tanah di tanah gambut dan tanah aluvial.
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Dmytruk, Y. M. "The soils of the river valleys with an active erosive downcutting (on the example of the Prut river basin, Precarpathians)." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 3-4 (September 17, 2014): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041415.
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Disaster floods on the Carpathian rivers and surrounding areas as a result of radial and lateral erosion have predetermined to significant changes in geomorphological levels: the rivers bottom in some areas deepened to 100 cm or more, the coastline has shifted to 15–20 m, landslide processes first of all on the shores was invigorated. Due to the flooding in 2008 the soil and vegetation cover of the floodplains was completely destroyed, where the surface alluvial sediments and, often, the bedrock of the river valley went out. To prevent the river influence on the floodplain, the floodplain has become a terrace, so from this moment the alluvial soils have changed their place in the classification system. Pedogenesis in the river valley is certainly correlates with the specified geological and geomorphological processes, and therefore one question arises: in which taxonomic of soil classification the soil is, which now is located outside of floodplain, but the time that has passed from this moment is too short for the genesis of the first terrace soil (formed before our eyes). Shall we talk about the ancient age of alluvial deposits if they were formed in the last 100–1000 years? It is apparently that we need to consider the simultaneous genesis of thesediments, the landforms and the soils under the influence of the geological processes. We have studied the valley of the river Lyuchka, belonging to Prut River basin. We have described the soils that are placed on the ecotopes that have a direct contact with a coastline of the river, on different height levels above the top of watercourse, as well as the cuts of zonal soils which were not under the influence of the river during of the historical time. Soil samples for analytical studies have also been selected. We have studied the cuts of such soils: 1) В-6, К-1 and К-2 – zonal; 2) В-1, В-2, В-5 and В-7 – soils placed on the first terrace; 3) В-3, В-4, В-2а and В-3а – soils placed on the floodplains. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Soils of Lyuchka valley are developing on the alluvial deposits under which the bedrock are placed that in the area of research is clayey flysch; all these soils are on the development stage. Soils of the first terraces are Fluvisols on the complex alluvial deposits, mostly they have the average thickness and the soils are characterized of such morphometric features: humus horizon is from 33 to 66 % of the thickness of profile and transitional horizon is from 34 to 67 % of the thickness of profile. The problem of their selection is establishing of the age, because for alluvium is not specified definitions of "old, ancient". It really could be aged of alluvial deposits are a hundred-thousand years or even as whole Holocene. Another problem is a quick output time of the floodplain from the influence of the river and the formation of the first terrace. This requires a change of the name of the soil (maybe the output from Fluvisols). It remains an open question whether this change of belonging of classification reflects the inner essence, and whether all the soils of river valleys should be admitted young, genetically related (monogenesis) and therefore whether they should occupy one position in the classification system.
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ZHOGHOGIN, I. M., V. I. SMETANIN, A. A. STEPANOV, and D. A. PENKIN. "HYDRAULIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE OPERATION OF THE DEVICE FOR ALLUVIATION OFNARROW-PROFILEDAMS." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 1 (2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-1-134-141.
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The construction of protective dams is the most effective means of combating flooding. There are various ways to build protective dams. The alluvial method of constructing protective dams can significantly reduce the cost of their construction. The article describes a method and device for alluvial narrow-profile dams that allows the use of bottom sediments as a building material. The method includes clearing the riverbed from bottom sediments with dredging operations,improving the fl ow capacity during floods. The work is carried out by a dredger and the developed soil in the form of pulp is delivered to the alluvial device. The alluvial device ensures the separation of large fractions of soil from the general flow of pulp and allows the formation of a narrow-profile dam with stable slopes and an antifiltration core. The article offers hydraulic calculations that allow us to justify the design and technological parameters of the method and device for alluvial narrow-profile dams: the values of the fl ow rate and the average speed of the pulp movement in the distribution unit of the device are determined; the dimensions of the inlet opening of the bell are justified; the time of alluvium of one map is determined; the number of outlet openings in the distribution slurry pipelines is justified and their location is specified. Nomograms are constructed that allow us to determine the optimal modes of alluvial dams – the length of the pulp pipeline, the height of the pulp rise, and the time of fi lling the alluvial map.
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Khayrulina, Elena, Anna Bogush, Larisa Novoselova, and Natalya Mitrakova. "Properties of Alluvial Soils of Taiga Forest under Anthropogenic Salinisation." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030321.
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The environmental impact of deposit development can be indirect and can cause combined geochemical processes in ecosystems. These must be taken into consideration under environmental forecasting and environmental risk assessment. Soil degradation in the Taiga Forest is considered, within the area of Verkhnekamskoye potash deposit (Russia), as an example of such environmental transformation. Here, the mechanism and characteristics of the anthropogenic salinisation of alluvial soils under potash deposit development are newly described. It was found that there is a strong anthropogenic impact of the potash industry on valley soils where the contaminated Na-Cl groundwater discharges or is close to the surface. The valley soils are characterised by high salinity, and the sum of toxic salts in soils has reached 26%. Alluvial gley humic clay chloride saline soil (Gleyic Fluvisols (Salic, Loamic, Technic)) and secondary solonchak on alluvial humic clay soil sulphate-chloride gypsum-containing surface-gleyed (Chloridic Gleyic Fluvic Solonchak (Hypersalic, Loamic, Technic)) were formed in hydromorphic conditions. Morphological, physicochemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out. Under hydromorphic conditions, Chloridic Gleyic Fluvic Solonchak (Hypersalic, Loamic) was described to show a hydrotroillite layer and reddish-yellow iron-rich precipitates on its surface. The top soil horizon has the highest content of iron minerals (up to 84.9%) and Fe-bearing plant residues (up to 20%). Additionally, the spongy and gel-like organic materials, as well as the siliceous remains of diatoms, are enriched in Ca, Fe, Cl, K, Na, S and P. The lower soil horizon consists of black gel-like phases and hydrogen sulphide settings with a high content of plant residues. The insoluble part of the samples contains up to 84% hydrogoethite. The sources of iron in soils and bottom sediments include the iron-enriched Sheshma sediments speckled rocks, slurry material, halite wastes and soil minerals of alluvial gley soils.
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Osipov, A. V., V. N. Slyusarev, V. P. Vlasenko, and I. I. Suminski. "Anthropogenic impact on grain-size distribution and agrophysical properties of soils of cultivated rice lands of Kuban." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126203006.
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This work reviews the relation of the grain-size distribution and impact of the use of rice rotation soils on the main agrophysical indicators of soils that determine the composition and properties of soil cover of modern delta of Kuban. The regularities of dependence between the density of the matrix soil and the grain-size distribution that consist of mineral composition of alluvial soils and rocks have been identified. The trend towards increase in soil density with increase in physical clay and silt content, as well as increase in matrix soil density has been established. No significant differences in agrophysical properties of subsurface soil horizons and underlying formations have been identified. The agrophysical indicators of soils of rice fields and boharic analogues during their agricultural use have been assessed. The hydromorphic soil-forming processes did not lead to considerable changes in agrophysical properties of alluvial formations and soils involved in rice rotation.
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Dang, Duy Minh, Ben Macdonald, Sören Warneke, and Ian White. "Available carbon and nitrate increase greenhouse gas emissions from soils affected by salinity." Soil Research 55, no. 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16010.
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Sea-level rise and saline water intrusion have caused a shortage of fresh water and affected agricultural areas globally. Besides inundation, the salinity could alter soil nitrogen and carbon cycling in coastal soils. To examine the effect of salinity, an incubation experiment was used to investigate soil nitrogen and carbon cycling from an acid sulfate soil and an alluvial soil with and without additional nitrogen and carbon sources. Four levels of saline solution of 0.03, 10, 16 and 21dSm–1 were used to submerge acid sulfate and alluvial soil samples in a 125-mL jar. The experimental jars were incubated in the dark at 25°C. Gas samples were collected over 4 weeks and analysed for nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The results showed that salinity significantly decreased N2O emissions from the acid sulfate soil but did not affect emissions from the alluvial soil. Addition of glucose and nitrate enhanced N2O production in both salt-affected soils. Emissions of CO2 were not different among the salinity treatments, whereas available carbon and nitrate promoted soil respiration. Changes in CH4 fluxes over the 4-week incubation were the same for both soils, and substrate addition did not affect emissions in either soil. The findings indicate that salinity has altered carbon and nitrogen cycles in the acid sulfate soil, and future fertiliser and crop management will need to account for the changed nutrient cycling caused by saline water intrusion and climate change.
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Nordt, Lee. "Late quaternary alluvial stratigraphy of a low-order tributary in central texas, USA and its response to climate and sediment supply." Quaternary Research 62, no. 3 (November 2004): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.07.004.
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This paper presents the first comprehensive late Quaternary alluvial stratigraphic study of a low-order tributary in central Texas, using Cowhouse Creek as a case study. The late Pleistocene Jackson (JA) alluvium forms the elevated T2 terrace. The entrenched Holocene valley is filled with the buried Georgetown (GT) alluvium (approximately 11,000 to 8000 14C yr B.P.) and associated Royalty paleosol, and the surficially exposed Fort Hood (FH) alluvium (approximately 7000 to 5000 14C yr B.P.) and West Range (WR) alluvium (approximately 4200 to 600 14C yr B.P.) forming the broad T1 terrace. The Ford (FO) alluvium (<600 14C yr B.P.) forms the modern T0 floodplain entrenched into T1. Conditioned by cooler and wetter climates, Cowhouse Creek was characterized by relatively high base flow and low sediment supply during deposition of the JA and GT alluvium. Appreciable upland soil erosion ensued during the middle Holocene in response to warmer climate conditions, resulting in widespread valley filling by the FH alluvium. Deposition of the late Holocene WR and F0 alluvium was characterized by diminished sediment storage during relatively stable climate conditions. The temporal alluvial stratigraphic framework of the bedrock-confined Cowhouse Creek valley is out of phase with the alluvial sequence in the larger Brazos River valley.
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Khaksar Najafi, Elmira, and Hadi Faghihmaleki. "The Effect of Suffusion Phenomenon in the Increasing of Land Subsidence Rate." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 7 (July 30, 2016): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000036.
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Land subsidence is defined as gradually ground surface settlement in an aquifer due to the compaction of unconsolidated sedimentary deposits. Since in an aquifer, deposits consist of cohesive or non-cohesive alluvial soil layers. The consolidation theory cannot be explained as the only reason for land subsidence. According to the susceptibility of alluvial soils to suffusion, internal erosion is also considerable to enhance the rate of the local settlement. Suffusion is explained as a process of soil particle movement in the soil body due to the effect of seepage flow on it. The subsidence rate in southwest and south of Tehran in Iran is very considerable whereby some structures have suffered significant damages due to this phenomenon. In this research, the contribution of suffusion and land subsidence was investigated in damaged building located at Ghale Morghi Street in southwest of Tehran, as a case history. Because of the incapability of available methods, in this article, a probability pattern is also proposed using statistical analysis for determination the likelihood of internal instability in alluvial soils in regard to soil cohesiveness.
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Sposito, Garrison, Andrew Yang, Rosemary H. Neal, and Adrienne Mackzum. "Selenate Reduction in an Alluvial Soil." Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, no. 6 (November 1991): 1597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500060016x.
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Popescu, Stefan, Esmeralda Chiorescu, and Daniel Toma. "EQUATIONS FOR ALLUVIAL SOIL STORAGE COEFFICIENTS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 7, no. 6 (2008): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2008.108.
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Rijkse, WC, and BB Trangmar. "Soil-landscape models and soils of Eastern Highlands, Papua-New-Guinea." Soil Research 33, no. 5 (1995): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950735.
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Soil-landscape models of three landscapes representative of the Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea, have been developed and validated in a study area east of Kainantu. Soils were classified according to Soil Taxonomy. Validation of a model in a strongly dissected landscape predicted soils 88% correctly at Order level, 94% at Suborder and 88% at Great Group and Subgroup level. Soils in weakly dissected landscapes were predicted 96% correctly at Order level, 92% at Suborder and Great Group level, and 88% at Subgroup level. Soils on a simple alluvial terrace system were predicted 100% correctly at Order and Suborder level and 89% correctly at Great Group and Subgroup level. Soils of the strongly dissected landscape are formed from an irregular cover of weathered tephra overlying weathered schist. They are mostly well drained Hapludolls or Argiudolls on steep slopes with Troporthents on slipped slopes. Soils of the weakly dissected landscape are formed from thick weathered tephra. Broad ridges and sideslopes are dominated by Argiaquolls, Argiudolls, Hapludalfs, Hapludolls and Humitropepts with dense concretionary layers of iron and manganese. Soils of the terrace landscape are formed from alluvium and vary from Fluvaquents and Endoaquolls to Hapludolls. General nutrient trends of the soils of the strongly and weakly dissected landscapes show low levels of exchangeable cations, plant available phosphorus and zinc. Profile readily available water is low and clay mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite. Volcanic glass occurs in upper horizons of stable sites. Alluvial soils of the terrace landscape have higher nutrient values, particularly exchangeable magnesium.
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Kalashnik, Nadezhda A. "4D modeling of concentrating mill tailings dam protecting dike soil consolidation." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal 7, no. 7 (November 11, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-56-62.
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Introduction. The research aims to study concentrating mill tailings dam protecting dike soil consolidation on the example of a mining enterprise of the Kola Peninsula. Research methodology. The research is based on 4D modeling (taking into account a time factor) using PLAXIS software solution. The computer hydro-geomechanical 3D model of the concentrating mill tailings dam fragment has been developed allowing to investigate both geomechanical and fi ltration processes, and their collateral infl uence on protecting dike and alluvial beach soil consolidation. The following options of tailings dam hydro-geomechanical condition development are considered: a reference state at the current parameters of operation, increase in the level of water-saturated tail deposits and the subsequent consolidation of bulk and alluvial soils within 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 and 80 days. Research results and analysis. The received results have been analyzed on the dynamics of the tailings dam hydro-geomechanical condition therefore revealing its behavior in time. It has been established that the nature of bulk and alluvial soils consolidation is identical, however, differs signifi cantly in terms of quantity. Conclusions. Dependences of bulk and alluvial soils consolidation of the tailings dam hydraulic engineering construction on consolidation time are established providing a scientifi c and technical basis for its mechanical state and stability assessment, and for engineering recommendations about the terms of the following stage of dams building.
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Brown, K. R., and P. J. Courtin. "Effects of phosphorus fertilization and liming on growth, mineral nutrition, and gas exchange of Alnus rubra seedlings grown in soils from mature alluvial Alnus stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 2089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-125.
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In southern coastal British Columbia, red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is recommended for reforestation on some low-elevation, fertile, and moist sites (e.g., alluvial sites). Correlative data indicate that P deficiencies limit the growth of alder in low-pH soils; deficiencies of P and other elements may also develop in the presence of an alder stand. Because alder may be grown in repeated rotations on alluvial sites, we sought to determine whether elemental deficiencies were likely in soils from mature stands. We examined the effects of P additions (as triple super phosphate) and liming (as dolomitic limestone) on potted red alder seedlings grown in soils from mature alluvial alder stands. Four soils were "low-pH" (mean = 4.5) and two were "high-pH" (mean = 5.5); all were classified as very rich. Growth of unfertilized seedlings was greatest in the soil with the highest soil Bray-P levels. Growth rates increased with P supply, but the response decreased with increasing Bray-P and was less in the high-pH soils. Liming increased soil pH and uptake of Mg, but did not increase growth. Phosphorus additions increased growth mainly by increasing P uptake, leaf size, and biomass allocation to branches. Photosynthetic rates were highest in the intermediate P treatment, but instantaneous water use efficiency increased with P rate. Phosphorus deficiencies may limit the growth of alder seedlings in alluvial soils previously containing mature alder stands.
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Bogucki, Andriy, Andriy Yatsyshyn, Roman Dmytruk, and Olena Tomeniuk. "Solonske section and the perspectives of the cognition of Loyeva level." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 50 (December 28, 2016): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2016.50.8677.
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New geological and geomorphological investigations carried out in different parts of the Fore-Carpathian region of the Dnister River basin gave an opportunity to distinguish at least four separate different-age levels (terraces) within the Loyeva level (sixth terrace): Torhanovychi, Dubrivka, Susidovychi and Biskovychi. In the Solonske section the alluvial and cover loess-soil sediments from the Lower to Upper Pleistocene of the total thickness of about 30 m are revealed. Loess-soil series of the investigated section represents a number of loess and palaeosol horizons from modern soil (MIS 1), which is developed on the Horokhiv fossil soil complex (MIS 5), to the soil with spot-medallions (MIS 17–19). The last one was formed above the permafrost and obviously can be correlated with one of the soils of fossil soil complex of Zahvizdia type. A very thick (almost 10-meter) stratum of deposits that, apparently, have a limnic origin is underlying this soil. Alluvial deposits, which are directly under the limnic stratum, are composed of the channel and flood-plain facies and represent one of the identified separate levels of the Loyeva level (the sixth over-floodplain terrace of the Dnister River). In Solonske section two levels of the development of palaeocryogenic structures like spot-medallions are revealed (above the Lutsk fossil soil (MIS 9) and over one of the soils of fossil soil complex of Zahvizdia type). Undoubtedly, under the conditions of the proper further investigations of the section, Solonske can become a key point for Pleistocene not only for Fore-Carpathians. It will be important in determining the time of the formation of different-age levels of the Loyeva level. Key words: loess-soil series, alluvium, terrace, palaeocryogenesis, spot-medallions, Pleistocene, Loyeva level, Dnister, Fore-Carpathians.
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Walker, PH. "Contributions to the understanding of soil and landscape relationships." Soil Research 27, no. 4 (1989): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890589.
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A new approach to pedology was developed in Australia in the 1950's. It was based on geomorphic and stratigraphic principles and recognized the cyclic or episodic nature of soil and landscape development. The research reviewed here represents a contribution to that approach and further developments of it in fluvial erosional and depositional landscapes of south-eastern Australia and in glaciated landscapes of midwestern U.S.A. This research features detailed studies of hillslope layers and their relationship to alluvial valley fills; soil chronosequences on flights of alluvial terraces; the stratigraphy of coastal flood plains and the development of acid sulfate soils; dust accession in soils and the resulting problems of interpreting pedogenesis; the erosional-depositional origin of soils in enclosed drainage basins on glacial deposits of Iowa, U.S.A.; the development of a raintower-tilting flume facility and its use in elucidating the processes of soil erosion by flowing water.
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Dowling, AJ, and EA Gardner. "Spatial variation in salinity of some alluvial aquifers in central Queensland - a steady state analysis." Soil Research 26, no. 4 (1988): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880583.
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This paper reports on the spatial variation of salinity in the alluvial groundwaters of the Callide Valley, central Queensland. The spatial distribution of salinity in this area is very complex with substantial variation occumng over small (< 1 km) and large (> 10 km) distances. This complexity has been attributed to variable leakage of highly saline water into the alluvium from adjacent hard rock aquifers. A simple but elegant steady-state dimensionless analysis is introduced to clearly establish if salt additions or subtractions are occurring in the alluvial groundwaters. By using ions not normally complicated by precipitation reactions (sodium and chloride), our analyses show that solutes are conserved, with excellent agreement between the measured data and theory. This result strongly supports a hypothesis of progressive concentration of a localized source of salt, introduced near the headwaters, with increasing distance down discrete alluvium-stream valleys. We conclude our paper with a caution on the delayed effects of distributed salt import into alluvial aquifers with large solute response times.
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A.D., Achimota, Joseph O.T., Payou T.O., Cameroon O.P., and Williams P.A. "Spatial Variability of Selected Soil Properties of the Lower Niger River Floodplains in Bayelsa State, Nigeria." African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafs-6rmaxnlv.
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Owing to the influence of topography on soil properties, studies on the variability of soil properties become imperative. This study assessed spatial variability of some selected soil properties in three physiographic units: upper slope, lower slope and recent alluvial soils on channels of present active river in two locations in Bayelsa State. In each unit, one representative soil profile was dug, soil samples collected from generic horizons and analyzed. The results showed varying degree of spatial variability in physical and chemical characteristics, flooding, the source of parent materials and degree of hydromorphism; being the major determining factors. Among the soil separates, clay was highly variable in two physiographic units while sand and silt showed moderate variability. Organic C was moderately to highly variable (CV=20.13 – 112.77%), while total N (36.53 – 90.01%) and available P (41.49 – 58.71%) were highly variable in all the mapping units. Calcium was moderately variable (CV=26.85%) in the upper slope, and highly variable in the middle slope (CV=43.17%) and moderately variable (CV=28.93%) in recent alluvial soils in the channel of the present active river of Elemebiri and in Trofani soils; low (CV=10.01%) in the upper slope, highly variable (CV=41.33%) in the middle slope and moderately variable (CV=22.08%) recent alluvial soils in the channel of the present active river while Mg (CV=66.79 – 80.29%) and K (CV=39.27 – 101.53%) were highly variable in the different physiographic units of the two locations. Flooding, wetness and soil fertility are major constraints to agricultural intensification that requires attention.
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Saakian, Alexander. "Assessment of ecological and geochemical state of alluvial soils of floodplains of small rivers of Perm." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 44 (March 17, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20212202.
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In the conditions of the city of Perm - a multidisciplinary industrial center of Russia, the regularities and quantitative characteristics of the redox and ecological-geochemical state of the soils of the floodplains of small rivers-tributaries of the Kama River within the Votkinsk reservoir are revealed. The regularities of the content, distribution and interrelation of potentially toxic chemical elements are established, the priority elements-pollutants, and their mobility in floodplain soils are determined. It was found that under the influence of heterogeneity of redox conditions, sorption, gley, and hydrogen sulfide geochemical barriers are formed in the soil profile. It was found that when hydrogenic pollution of urban alluvial soils occurs, natural-technogenic associations of chemical elements are formed in their profile, which differ from natural associations in the background soil. Elemental geochemical associations are characterized at different levels of technogenic load on the floodplains of small rivers. The relationship between the concentration of chemical elements and the value of the specific magnetic susceptibility in floodplain soils is determined. Keywords: REDOX STATE, HEAVY METALS, GEOCHEMICAL COEFFICIENTS, URBO-ALLUVIAL SOILS, CHEMOSEMS ON URBO-ALLUVIAL SOILS
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Molnáros, I. "Effect of certain soil properties on the available microelement reserves of soil." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 48, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.48.2000.1.7.
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Over the last 20 years a large number of soil analyses (pHKCl, CaCO3%, plasticity, humus, macro- and microelement contents) have been carried out on arable land in Vas County. The laboratory analyses were introduced on a system of three-year cycles (Buzás, 1983) as decreed in 1978 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, in order to improve the fertilisation extension service. 1980).The dominant soil type in the county is brown forest soil, which covers 74% of the total area. Within this area, brown forest soils with clay illuviations and Ramann’s, rust-brown and chernozem brown forest soils make up 52%. A further 23% of the total area consists of alluvial, alluvial meadow and meadow soils, while the remaining 3% is lowmoor fen, gravelly skeleton soil and slope deposit soil. The analytical data indicated that there was a close correlation between the available microelement content of the soils and the most important soil properties, though this differed in extent and form for each element and soil property. The available microelement content generally increased above a pH of 6.5, at lime contents of 0.1–1.0%, at humus contents of 2.5–3.0% and in the soil plasticity range 43–60 according to Arany. The biometrical analysis revealed that the available microelement content generally had a linear correlation with pHKCl, a logarithmic correlation with lime content and a quadratic correlation with humus content and plasticity.
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Iqbal, Javed, John A. Thomasson, Johnie N. Jenkins, Phillip R. Owens, and Frank D. Whisler. "Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Physical Properties of Alluvial Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, no. 4 (July 2005): 1338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.0154.
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Sheremet, B. V. "Soil horizons as the basis for classification of alluvial soils." Eurasian Soil Science 39, no. 2 (February 2006): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229306020025.
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Moe, Khin Soe. "ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN YANGON AREA." ASEAN Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v9.15505.
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Two-thirds of the Yangon area is covered by alluvial deposits, which are weak in their strength and highly permeable. As Yangon area has undergone very rapid development and expansion, its expansion of new satellite towns is mostly built on the alluvial deposit. Engineering geology study of alluvial deposits in Yangon area is therefore needed to ascertain the nature and properties of alluvial deposits at different locations and at various depths. The distribution of alluvial deposits in Yangon starts from Kyaukmyinthar area to the Letkikkone and along the flood plain of Yangon river and Hlaing river. The alluvial deposits are categorized into valley fill, marine, and flat plain types. The most common deposit types are CL, CH, SM, SC, ML according to the Unified Soil Classification. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is performed for this research and samples collected from boreholes are tested in the laboratory. Based on the SPT value and the laboratory results, the bearing capacity calculations are made for the foundation condition. Groundwater level is noted on each bore holes for the hydrological characteristics. The ultimate bearing capacity of valley fill deposits are more than 200 kPa in Ahlon Township but the ultimate bearing capacity of most marine alluvium in Hlaingtharyar and N. Okkalarpa Townships are less than 100 kPa.
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Silveira, Karien Rodrigues da, Mateus Rosas Ribeiro, Luiz Bezerra de Oliveira, Richard John Heck, and Rachel Rodrigues da Silveira. "Gypsum-saturated water to reclaim alluvial saline sodic and sodic soils." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 1 (February 2008): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000100010.
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Inadequate management of soil and irrigation water contribute to soil degradation, particularly in the alluvial areas of Northeast Brazil, where salinity and sodicity are already common features. This study evaluates the effects of the addition of gypsum in the irrigation water on physical and chemical properties of soils with different levels of salinity and sodicity. Samples were collected at the Custódia irrigation area of Brazil, predominantly covered by alluvial soils. Leaching tests using simulated irrigation water classified as C3S1, and gypsum-saturated irrigation water were carried out in soil columns of 20 and 50 cm depth. Soil leaching with gypsum saturated water (T2) resulted in an increase in the amounts of exchangeable calcium and potassium, and in a decrease of soil pH, in relation to the original soil (T0), with significant statistical differences to the treatment using only water (T1). There was a reduction in the electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium and exchangeable sodium percentage in both treatments (T1 and T2), with treatment T2 being more effective in the leaching of soil sodium. No changes of electrical conductivity, calcium and pH in depth were observed, but the 20 - 50 cm layer presented higher amounts of magnesium, sodium and exchangeable sodium percentage. Gypsum saturated water improved the hydraulic conductivity in both layers. The use of gypsum in the irrigation water improved soil physical and chemical properties and should be considered as an alternative in the process of reclamation of saline-sodic and sodic soils in Northeast Brazil.
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Silaev, Andrei Leonidovich, Sergey Fedorovich Chesalin, Gennady Vladimirovich Chekin, and Evgeny Vladimirovich Smolsky. "Trace element content in alluvial soils landscape of the flood plains of the Iput river." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 8 (September 10, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i8pp34-38.
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The results of research on the content and distribution of trace elements in alluvial soils of various elements of the floodplain landscape, and their relationship with fertility indicators are presented. It has been found that the maximum concentrations of most trace elements (Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, Mo, As) are characteristic of the alluvial overhanging-marsh heavy-coal pristine subsystem of the floodplain landscape. In the riverine and perish subsystems of the floodplain landscape in individual layers of the corresponding soils, an excess of clark was found: in the alluvial sour acid layered primitive shortened sandy loam Cu by 1.5; Zn in 1.1; Cd 9.2 times, in alluvial chilli-marsh heavy-coal Cu 1.05; Zn in 1.4; Mn in 1.01; Cr in 1,2; Cd 3.2 times. For the riverine and perch subsystems, the excess of Cu, Mn and Cr was observed in the soil layer 0-5 cm, the remaining exceedances are characteristic of deeper layers. Decreasing rows of trace elements in alluvial soils have a similar structure. The microelements in question, in the soils of the floodplain landscape of the Iput River, in terms of clark concentration, belong to the group of dispersing. There is no significant correlation between micronutrient content and fertility of the alluvial soils under consideration.
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Fuchs, M., M. Will, E. Kunert, S. Kreutzer, M. Fischer, and R. Reverman. "The temporal and spatial quantification of Holocene sediment dynamics in a meso-scale catchment in northern Bavaria, Germany." Holocene 21, no. 7 (May 16, 2011): 1093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683611400459.
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The Aufsess River catchment (97 km2) in northern Bavaria, Germany, is studied to establish a Holocene sediment budget and to investigate the sediment dynamics since the early times of farming in the third millennium BCE. The temporal characterization of the sediment dynamics is based on an intensive dating program with 73 OSL and 14 14C ages. To estimate soil erosion and deposition, colluvial and alluvial archives are investigated in the field by piling and trenching, supported by laboratory analyses. The sediment budget shows that 58% of these sediments are stored as colluvium in on- and foot-slope positions, 9% are stored as alluvium in the floodplains and 33% are exported from the Aufsess River catchment. Colluviation starts in the end-Neolithic ( c. 3100 BCE), while first indicators of soil erosion-derived alluviation is recorded c. 2–3 ka later. The pattern of sedimentation rates also displays differences between the colluvial and alluvial system, with a distinct increase in the Middle Ages ( c. 1000 CE) for the alluvial system, while the colluvial system records low sedimentation rates for this period. A contrast is also observed since Modern times ( c. 1500 CE), with increasing sedimentation rates for the colluvial system, whereas the alluvial system records decreasing rates. The different behavior of the colluvial and alluvial systems clearly shows the non-linear behavior of the catchment’s fluvial system. The results further suggest that human impact is most probably the dominant factor influencing the sediment dynamics of the catchment since the introduction of farming.