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Journal articles on the topic 'Almen Strip'
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1
Wang, Chengyu, Weigang Li, Jianjun Jiang, Xin Chao, Weikui Zeng, Jiang Xu, and Jie Yang. "An Improved Approach to Direct Simulation of an Actual Almen Shot Peening Intensity Test with a Large Number of Shots." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 5088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225088.
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In existing simulations of the Almen intensity test, arc height is indirectly obtained by an equivalent method including a representative cell, a few shots and equivalent loading. Most of these equivalent methods cannot consider the transverse deformation of the strip, the complex stress state of the plastic hardening layer and process parameters, resulting in deviation from the actual test. This paper introduces an improved and experimentally validated discrete element model (DEM)-finite element model (FEM) to predict the actual Almen intensity. The improvement of this model is mainly reflected in the large and real number of shots involved in the actual Almen intensity test, shot–shot interactions, and real-size solid finite element model of the Almen strip. A new method for calculating the shot stream is proposed based on the test and considering test process parameters such as the mass flowrate, nozzle movement speed and nozzle–workpiece distance. The shot stream impacting the strip with a fully restrained underside was first simulated in improved DEM-FEM to bring the forming energy. As a second step, an implicit solver of the Almen strip FEM calculates the spring-back to simulate strip removal from the holder. The results achieved by the present approach are compared with the results obtained by the experimental results and those in the literature. The results show that the arc height and Almen intensity obtained by the present approach match much better with the literature than the traditional method. Some new results obtained by the improved coupling DEM-FEM method are presented. The influences of the transverse deformation and surface plastic layer on the deformation of the Almen strip are discussed. This improved method provides an alternative characterization method for precision peen forming simulation.
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Liu, Z. Y., C. H. Fu, M. P. Sealy, Y. Zhao, and Y. B. Guo. "Benchmark Burnishing with Almen Strip for Surface Integrity." Procedia Manufacturing 10 (2017): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.027.
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Yang, Zhaorui, Jun Su Park, and Youngseog Lee. "A strip holding system for finite element simulation of Almen strip testing." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (July 2014): 2825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-014-0636-y.
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Ciampini, D., M. Papini, and J. K. Spelt. "Modeling the development of Almen strip curvature in vibratory finishing." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, no. 6 (March 2009): 2923–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.060.
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SOYAMA, Hitoshi, Hiroyuki KUMANO, Kenichi SAITO, and Masumi SAKA. "421 An Evaluation of Cavitation Shotless Peening by Using Almen Strip." Proceedings of Conference of Tohoku Branch 2001.36 (2001): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeth.2001.36.164.
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Liu, Z. Y., C. H. Fu, M. P. Sealy, and Y. B. Guo. "Prediction and analysis of residual stress and deflections of Almen strip by burnishing." Production Engineering 11, no. 3 (April 6, 2017): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-017-0736-5.
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Bhuvaraghan, Baskaran, Sivakumar M. Srinivasan, and Bob Maffeo. "Numerical simulation of Almen strip response due to random impacts with strain-rate effects." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 53, no. 6 (June 2011): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2011.03.004.
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SOYAMA, Hitoshi, Hiroyuki KUMANO, Kenichi SAITO, and Masumi SAKA. "Evaluation of Peening Intensity of Cavitation Shotless Peening by Using Almen Strip(Student Poster Session)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Fracture and Strength and International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics 2.01.03 (2001): 1047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatemapcfs.2.01.03.0_1047.
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WATANABE, Yoshihiro, Norihiko HASEGAWA, Kunio NAMIKI, and Atsumi HATANO. "The Development of New Type Almen Strip for Measurement of Peening Intensity on Hard Shot Peening." Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers, no. 37 (1992): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5346/trbane.1992.53.
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Yang, Z. R., S. H. Park, and Y. S. Lee. "Verification of Finite Element Model Using the Almen Strip Test and Its Applications to Calculate Residual Stress Distribution." Transactions of Materials Processing 21, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5228/kstp.2012.21.3.172.
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Kim, Hong Seok, Yong Sung Lee, and Ki Hoon Shin. "A Geometry-Based Method for Prediction of Shot-Peening Coverage." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.527.
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Shot-peening is the process of repeatedly hitting the work piece surface with small balls, making overlapping indentations on the surface. This process is extensively used on shafts, gears, springs, and jet engine parts because it imparts compressive residual stresses on the surface, thus improving the fatigue life of components. Under-peening does not give a sufficient fatigue life while over-peening induces cracking and reduces fatigue performance. Hence, determining optimal peening conditions such as peening time is very important. In general, optimal peening conditions are experimentally determined by measuring arc-height using Almen-strip or calculating coverage using microscope images. Shot-peening coverage is defined as the proportion of the exposed surface that has been impacted in a given time of shot-peening. To save the time and effort spent in repeating experimental measurement needed whenever the geometry of a work piece and peening conditions change, this paper presents a computer simulation algorithm for the prediction of shot-peening coverage, which is based on the geometry of a work piece. An example is presented to validate the proposed method.
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Zhang, Zheng, Wen Huang, Guoxin Lu, and Yongkang Zhang. "Spatial Distribution Evolution of Residual Stress and Microstructure in Laser-Peen-Formed Plates." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 3612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163612.
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Residual stress in structural components is crucial as it affects both service performance and safety. To investigate the evolution of residual stress in a laser-peen-formed panel, this study adopted two plate samples of thickness 3 and 9 mm instead of the conventional Almen strip. The two plates were peened with an identical energy density of 10.99 GW/cm2. The residual stress across the entire section was determined using a slitting method, and near-surface stress was then verified by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, cross-sectional variation in hardness and microstructure were characterized to understand the residual stress evolution. The experimental results showed that different thicknesses resulted in distinct spatial distributions of residual stress. The 3-mm plate demonstrated a shallow (0.5 mm) and lower compressive stress magnitude (−270 MPa) compared with a deeper (1 mm) and higher compressive stress (−490 MPa) in the 9-mm plate. Further analysis revealed that the deformation compatibility during the forming process inevitably leads to a stress compensation effect on the peened side. The decrease in the depth and magnitude of the compressive residual stress in the thin plate was mainly attributed to low stiffness and large deflection.
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Gabániová, Mária. "Surface Chemistry-Based Surface Defects Situated on Steel Strips Edges." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.199.
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Two thirds of all examined defect cases present on rolled steel strips appeared to be chemical in nature. They are characterized by a modification in surface chemistry. Chemistry-based defects on the steel strips can vary in composition and generally consist of reaction products with the steel substrate. First big category of widely occurring chemistry-based defects is corrosion or oxidation, second contamination with alien matter and third defect category is related to carbon sediments. A number of different surface chemistry-based defects are related to annealing process. Common problem, that occurs in communication is, that identical defects are often indicated by different names and identical names are given for different defects. In the present study an overview including possible causes of three types of the continuous chemistry-based defects situated on the steel strip edges, that appeared to be the same at first glance, is presented: carbon edge deposit, low reflectivity band and annealed border.
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Zhao, Xiu Juan, Jun Wen Wang, Chun Huan Chen, Yuan Sun, Rui Ming Ren, and Dong Ying Ju. "Comparable Study on Water Cavitation Peening and Traditional Shot Peening of Almen Strips." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 1446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.1446.
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Comparing with conventional mechanical shot peening (SP) technique, water cavitation peening (WCP) experiments of Almen strips were carried out on a self-manufactured equipment. The results show that WCP demonstrates a wide range of standoff distance (SD) that from the nozzle to the surface of the object. By measuring the colour changes of the Fuji pressure sensing film, over 110 MPa impacting pressure was detected, which is resulted from the bubbles blasting on the sample surface when the SD is from 65 to 100 mm under 40 MPa of operating pressure. 600 MPa compressive residual stress achieved on the suface of the Almen strips after WCPed for 32 min. The depth of the zone affected by the compressive residual stress is about 100 µm. The highest residual stress appears in the top surface layer, while in case of SP it appears in the subsurface. Compared to SP, WCP is capable to get rather smoother surface and cause less deformation of the testing sheet, simultaneously.
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Sobrino, Eduardo, Mario Sanz‐Elorza, Elías D. Dana, and Alberto González‐Moreno. "Invasibility of a coastal strip in NE Spain by alien plants." Journal of Vegetation Science 13, no. 4 (February 24, 2002): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02085.x.
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Houmsou, Robert Soumay, Binga Emmanuel Wama, Hemen Agere, John Ador Uniga, Timothy Jerry Jerry, Paul Azuaga, Elizabeth Une Amuta, and Santaya Larit Kela. "Diagnostic accuracy of Schistoso ma ICT Ig G - IgM and comparison to other used techniques screening urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria." Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio 2, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/almed-2020-0093.
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Abstract Objectives Schistosomiasis is a blood fluke parasitic illness affecting human lives in rural endemic areas. This study evaluated the performance of Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM for screening urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria. Methods Three hundred and seventy four (374) urine samples were examined. Reagent strips, urine filtration and Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM were used for analysis. Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM used 2 mL of each serum for serological examination. Then, 3 mL of each preserved serum was sent to LDBIO Diagnostics, France for re-examination with Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM and confirmation with SCHISTO Western blot (WB) IgG. The performance of the index tests was determined using sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive likelihood ratio (PLR). The Youden index (YI) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) were used to determine the accuracy of each test. The statistical significance was at p-value ≤0.05. Results The test had a sensitivity of 94.9%, specificity of 63.9%, positive predictive value of 72.4%, negative predictive value of 92.6%, and positive likelihood ratio of 2.62. Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM had a good Cohen’s kappa index (κ=0.68), good Youden index (YI=0.58) and good diagnostic accuracy (DA=0.78). Conclusions Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM has proven to be the best technique for the screening of urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria.
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Han, B., Dong Ying Ju, and Xiao Guang Yu. "A Method for Evaluating Intensity of Water Cavitation Peening Processing." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.747.
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Water cavitation peening (WCP) with aeration, namely, a new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. In this study, in order to investigate the process capability of the WCP with aeration a standard N-type almen strips of spring steel SAE 1070 was treated byWCP with various process conditions, and the arc height value and the residual stress in the superficial layers were measured by means of the Almen-scale and X-ray diffraction method, respectively. The optimal fluxes of aeration and the optimal standoff distances were achieved. The maximum of arc height value reach around 150μm. The depth of plastic layer observed from the results of residual stresses is up to 150μm. The results verify the existence of macro-plastic strain in WCP processing. The distributions of residual stress in near-surface under different peening intensity can provide a reference for engineers to decide the optimal process conditions of WCP processing.
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Lin, F., Q. Sun, S. Xu, X. Chen, L. Zhang, C. Zhang, Y. Xu, et al. "Identification of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines conferring resistance to stripe rust." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08139.
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Thinopyrum intermedium carries many useful traits for wheat genetic improvement. To identify genes conferring resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Zhong4, one of the Zhong series of partial amphiploids from the hybrids of common wheat × Th. intermedium, a cross was made between Zhong4 and a Chinese Spring ph1b mutant (CS-ph1b). The parents, F1, F2 plants and F5 lines of the cross were tested with Chinese predominant race CYR31 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in the seedling stage under controlled greenhouse conditions. Of 201 F2 seedlings tested with race CYR31, 149 were resistant and 52 were susceptible. The segregation fit a 3 resistant:1 susceptible ratio, indicating that a single dominant gene conferred resistance to the race CYR31. This result was further confirmed by the segregation of F5 lines into 1:1 ratio (P = 0.77). Using the Schiff dyeing method, the chromosome number in the root-tip cells of 10 F5 resistant lines (total 42 plants) was determined. Two alien addition lines (5-1-2-1-1-5, 5-1-2-1-1-6) with the smallest chromosome number (2n = 42 + II) were identified. A total of 105 pollen mother cells were examined at metaphase 1 (PMCs MI) for meiotic chromosome pairing. The lines 5-1-2-1-1-5 and 5-1-2-1-1-6 showed regular meiosis, exhibiting 22 ring or rod bivalents (2n = 22 II). The GISH results indicated that lines 5-1-2-1-1-5 and 5-1-2-1-1-6 were wheat-Th. intermedium alien disomic addition lines with 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and one pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes. These two lines were all resistant to stripe rust, suggesting that they can be used as donors of stripe rust resistance genes and have great potential to play important roles in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding programs in China and the world.Key words: Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium, stripe rust, GISH, cytological identification
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Kuraparthy, Vasu, Shilpa Sood, and Bikram S. Gill. "Molecular genetic description of the cryptic wheat–Aegilops geniculata introgression carrying rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 using wheat ESTs and synteny with rice." Genome 52, no. 12 (December 2009): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-076.
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The cryptic wheat–alien translocation T5DL·5DS-5MgS(0.95), with leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 transferred from Aegilops geniculata (UgMg) into common wheat, was further analyzed. Molecular genetic analysis using physically mapped ESTs showed that the alien segment in T5DL·5DS-5MgS(0.95) represented only a fraction of the wheat deletion bin 5DS2-0.78-1.00 and was less than 3.3 cM in length in the diploid wheat genetic map. Comparative genomic analysis indicated a high level of colinearity between the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 12 of rice and the genomic region spanning the Lr57 and Yr40 genes in wheat. The alien segment with genes Lr57 and Yr40 corresponds to fewer than four overlapping BAC or PAC clones of the syntenic rice chromosome arm 12L. The wheat–alien translocation breakpoint in T5DL·5DS-5MgS(0.95) was further localized to a single BAC clone of the syntenic rice genomic sequence. The small size of the terminal wheat–alien translocation, as established precisely with respect to Chinese Spring deletion bins and the syntenic rice genomic sequence, further confirmed the escaping nature of cryptic wheat–alien translocations in introgressive breeding. The molecular genetic resources and information developed in the present study will facilitate further fine-scale physical mapping and map-based cloning of the Lr57 and Yr40 genes.
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Ei, Shin-Ichiro, and Eiji Yanagida. "Slow Dynamics of Interfaces in the Allen--Cahn Equation on a Strip-like Domain." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 29, no. 3 (July 1998): 555–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0036141096307205.
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Ju, Dong Ying, and B. Han. "Experimental Investigation on Intensity and Residual Stress in Superficial Layers Induced by Water Cavitation Peening with Aeration." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.754.
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Water cavitation peening (WCP) with aeration is a novel surface enhancement method. A new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. In this study, in order to investigate the process capability of the WCP with aeration, a standard N-type almen strips of spring steel SAE 1070 was treated by WCP with various process conditions, and the arc height value and the residual stress in the superficial layers were measured by X-ray diffraction method. The optimal fluxes of aeration and the optimal standoff distances were achieved.
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Afdha Lardo, Mohamad. "THE OCCUPYING POWER ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: CASE STUDY IN GAZA STRIP." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v4i2.410.
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Abstract
Conflict in Gaza Strip involving Israel and Palestine has continuously attracted international concerns. Under the strict authority of Israel, humanitarian issues materialize in the strip as Gaza’s inhabitants undergo crises including energy and subsistence while Israel fails to fulfill the basic needs of the people. In 2007, Jaber Al-Bassiouni Ahmed with his associates sought legal remedy to the Supreme Court of Israel to clarify their rights inhabiting the Gaza Strip. The purpose of this article is to explain whether international humanitarian law could be implemented to the occupying power of Israel in Gaza Strip and elucidate the limitation of the occupying power regarded by the law. Achieving this explanation requires a qualitative legal approach. It emphasizes on documents scrutiny using the perspectives of primary, secondary, and tertiary laws. The research result shows that under the regime of international humanitarian law, “alien occupation” is the key to regulate the Gaza Strip against the regime of the occupying power by Israel. The one-year rule in the Case of Gaza Strip indicates that Israel held the occupying power of the territory as not only did Israel act as a controller but also it participated in the physical activities to regulate the lives of Gaza residents in addition to the limitation of the functions of Palestinian Authority posed by Israel.
Keywords: Gaza Strip, International Humanitarian Law, Occupying Power
Abstrak
Konflik di Jalur Gaza yang melibatkan Israel dan Palestina terus menarik perhatian internasional. Di bawah kekuasaan Israel, isu humaniter mencuat di jalur tersebut karena penduduk Gaza mengalami krisis energi dan mata pencaharian, sementara Israel tidak memenuhi kebutuhan dasar hidup penduduk tersebut. Pada tahun 2007, Jaber Al-Bassiouni Ahmed bersama rekan-rekannya mengajukan tinjauan hukum kepada Pengadilan Tinggi Israel untuk mengklarifikasi hak-hak mereka sebagai penduduk di Jalur Gaza. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan apakah hukum humaniter internasional dapat diterapkan dalam kasus penguasa pendudukan di Jalur Gaza oleh Israel dan menjelaskan batasan kekuasaan pendudukan tersebut. Pendekatan kualitatif hukum berbasis studi dokumen dengan perspektif hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa di bawah hukum humaniter internasional, “pendudukan asing” menjadi kunci regulasi yang dapat diterapkan di Jalur Gaza di bawah resim penguasa pendudukan yakni Israel. Aturan “Satu Tahun” di jalur tersebut menunjukan bahwa Israel memegang kendali wilayah tersebut karena Israel tidak hanya bertindak sebagai pengontrol melainkan juga melakukan kegiatan fisik untuk mengatur kehidupan masyarakat Gaza juga membatasi fungsi-fungsi autoritas Palestina.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Jalur Gaza, Penguasa Pendudukan
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Kang, Hou-Yang, Lin Tang, Dai-Yan Li, Cheng-Dou Diao, Wei Zhu, Yao Tang, Yi Wang, et al. "Cytogenetic study and stripe rust response of the derivatives from a wheat – Thinopyrum intermedium – Psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrid." Genome 60, no. 5 (May 2017): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0135.
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To transfer multiple desirable alien genes into common wheat, we previously reported a new trigeneric hybrid synthesized by crossing a wheat – Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid with wheat – Psathyrostachys huashanica amphiploid. Here, the meiotic behavior, chromosome constitution, and stripe rust resistance of F5 derivatives from the wheat – Th. intermedium – P. huashanica trigeneric hybrid were studied. Cytological analysis indicated the F5 progenies had chromosome numbers of 42–50 (average 44.96). The mean meiotic configuration was 1.28 univalents, 21.74 bivalents, 0.04 trivalents, and 0.02 tetravalents per pollen mother cell. In 2n = 42 lines, the average pairing configuration was 0.05 I + 19.91 II (ring) + 1.06 II (rod) + 0.003 IV, suggesting these lines were cytologically stable. Most lines with 2n = 43, 44, 46, 48, or 50, bearing a high frequency of univalents or multivalents, showed abnormal meiotic behavior. Genomic in situ hybridization karyotyping results revealed that 25 lines contained 1–7 Th. intermedium chromosomes, but no P. huashanica chromosomes were found among the 27 self-pollinated progenies. At meiosis, univalents (1–5) possessing Th. intermedium hybridization signals were detected in 19 lines. Bivalents (1–3) expressing fluorescence signals were observed in 12 lines. Importantly, 21 lines harbored wheat – Th. intermedium chromosomal translocations with various alien translocation types. Additionally, two homozygous lines, K13-668-10 and K13-682-12, possessed a pair of wheat – Th. intermedium small fragmental translocations. Compared with the recurrent parent Zhong 3, most lines showed high resistance to the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) pathogens prevalent in China, including race V26/Gui22. This paper reports a highly efficient technical method for inducing alien translocation between wheat and Th. intermedium by trigeneric hybridization. These lines might be potentially valuable germplasm resources for further wheat improvement.
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Chrysafinos, Konstantinos. "Stability analysis and best approximation error estimates of discontinuous time-stepping schemes for the Allen–Cahn equation." ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 53, no. 2 (March 2019): 551–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2018071.
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Fully-discrete approximations of the Allen–Cahn equation are considered. In particular, we consider schemes of arbitrary order based on a discontinuous Galerkin (in time) approach combined with standard conforming finite elements (in space). We prove that these schemes are unconditionally stable under minimal regularity assumptions on the given data. We also prove best approximation a-priori error estimates, with constants depending polynomially upon (1/ε) by circumventing Gronwall Lemma arguments. The key feature of our approach is a carefully constructed duality argument, combined with a boot-strap technique.
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Rahmatov, Mahbubjon, Mogens S. Hovmøller, Kumarse Nazari, Staffan C. Andersson, Brian J. Steffenson, and Eva Johansson. "Seedling and Adult Plant Stripe Rust Resistance in Diverse Wheat-Alien Introgression Lines." Crop Science 57, no. 4 (May 5, 2017): 2032–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.08.0664.
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Ulaszewski, Waldemar, and Michał Tomasz Kwiatek. "Aegilops Species for the Improvement of the Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in Cultivated Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack)." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121991.
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Hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack, 2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes, AABBRR) is a cultivated hybrid, which combines wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) properties. It has a better ability to be grown on poor soils, compared to wheat. Mainly, triticale is produced for forage feed and bioethanol. Considering the limited diversity of this human-made crop, there is a need to widen its genetic variability, especially to introduce new genes, responsible for agronomic traits, such as resistance to biotic stresses. Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend are the most destructive foliar diseases of triticale and related cereals. Developing resistant triticale varieties is an important strategy for the control of these diseases. A number of leaf and stripe rust resistance genes have been already introduced into bread wheat from related species using chromosome manipulations. Exploitation of related species conferring desirable loci is the most effective non-GMO way of improving the rust resistance of triticale. The procedure encompasses chromosome doubling of obtained hybrids followed by a number of backcrosses to eliminate unnecessary alien chromatin and to reduce the linkage drag. In this review, we show the recent status of pre-breeding studies, which are focused on transfer of leaf and stripe rust resistance genes from Aegilops species into cultivated triticale using distant crossing and chromosome engineering.
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Aman, Mary Jo. "Arab Comic Strips: Politics of an Emerging Mass Culture, Allen Douglas and Fedwa Malti-Douglas." Digest of Middle East Studies 3, no. 4 (October 1994): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1994.tb00544.x.
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Zhu, Chen, Yanzhen Wang, Chunhuan Chen, Changyou Wang, Aicen Zhang, Nana Peng, Yajuan Wang, Hong Zhang, Xinlun Liu, and Wanquan Ji. "Molecular cytogenetic identification of a wheat – Thinopyrum ponticum substitution line with stripe rust resistance." Genome 60, no. 10 (October 2017): 860–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0099.
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Thinopyrum ponticum (Th. ponticum) (2n = 10x = 70) is an important breeding material with excellent resistance and stress tolerance. In this study, we characterized the derivative line CH1113-B13-1-1-2-1 (CH1113-B13) through cytological, morphological, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), expressed sequence tag (EST), and PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) marker analysis. The GISH analysis revealed that CH1113-B13 contained 20 pairs of common wheat chromosomes and one pair of JSt genomic chromosomes. Linkage analysis of Th. ponticum using seven EST and seven PLUG markers indicated that the pair of alien chromosomes belonged to the seventh homeologous group. Nulli-tetrasomic and FISH analysis revealed that wheat 7B chromosomes were absent in CH1113-B13; thus, CH1113-B13 was identified as a 7JSt (7B) substitution line. Finally, adult-stage CH1113-B13 exhibited immunity to wheat stripe rust. This substitution line is therefore a promising germplasm resource for wheat breeding.
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Scott, Hannah. "Music Hall, Jigs and Strippers: English Low-Brow Music in French Nineteenth-Century Travel Writing." Forum for Modern Language Studies 55, no. 4 (August 21, 2019): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqz020.
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Abstract It is a commonplace to remark that nineteenth-century England was a land without music. Yet French travel writers in the fin de siècle remark again and again on their astonishing, low-brow musical encounters in the nation’s capital. The present article examines such experiences in the writing of Jules Vallès and Hector France, as they turn their steps away from the refinement of Covent Garden to seek out more esoteric musical experiences in the music halls, tawdry bars, minor theatres and strip joints of London. These texts present an intriguing and ambivalent textual form to the reader. Though being based on – and structured as – travel anecdotes, they no less insistently reach beyond the anecdotal experience to extrapolate overarching conclusions about the English and their character relative to France. Yet in doing so, their texts reveal inconsistencies and contradictions as they try to reconcile these strange musical experiences with the stereotypes of Englishness that had solidified over the generations; these alien musical experiences resist conceptualization and challenge the tropes that had for so long underwritten French ideas of the English Other.
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Zhang, Aicen, Wanyue Li, Changyou Wang, Xiaofei Yang, Chunhuan Chen, Chen Zhu, Nana Peng, et al. "Molecular cytogenetics identification of a wheat – Leymus mollis double disomic addition line with stripe rust resistance." Genome 60, no. 5 (May 2017): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0151.
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Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilg. (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) possesses a number of valuable genes against biotic and abiotic stress, which could be transferred into common wheat background for wheat improvement. In the present study, we determined the karyotypic constitution of a wheat – L. mollis double disomic addition line, M11003-4-4-1-1, selected from the F5 progeny of a stable wheat – L. mollis derivative M39 (2n = 56) × Triticum aestivum cultivar 7182, by morphological and cytogenetic identification, GISH (genomic in situ hybridization), FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), molecular markers analysis, and stripe rust resistance evaluation. Cytological studies demonstrated that M11003-4-4-1-1 had a chromosome karyotype of 2n = 46 with 23 bivalents, while GISH and FISH analysis indicated that this line contained 42 common wheat chromosomes and two pairs of L. mollis chromosomes. DNA markers showed that the alien chromosomes from L. mollis belonged to homoeologous groups 5 and 6. Evaluation of the agronomic traits revealed that M11003-4-4-1-1 was resistant to stripe rust at the adult stage, while the plant height was reduced and the 1000-grain weight was increased significantly. Therefore, the new line M11003-4-4-1-1 could be exploited as an important bridge material in chromosome engineering and wheat breeding.
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Kazamer, Norbert, Dragos Toader Pascal, Gabriela Marginean, Viorel Aurel Şerban, Cosmin Codrean, and Ion Dragoş Uţu. "A Comparison between Hardness, Corrosion and Wear Performance of APS Sprayed WC-CoMo and WC-Co Coatings." Solid State Phenomena 254 (August 2016): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.254.71.
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In order to be competitive, it is demanded to have thin, tough and long lasting coatings. An important aspect is to use stable deposition technologies. As Cr assures wear, corrosion and high temperature resistance, the most employed coatings in industry generally contain Cr. Nevertheless, Cr is a hazardous element for the humans’ health, therefore, sustainable alternatives are needed to be implemented. The aim of this work is to investigate the microstructure, hardness, corrosion resistance and wear behavior of the novel WC-CoMo compared to conventional WC-Co coatings. So far, WC-CoMo coatings are not part of state of the art regarding the Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed (APS) coatings. WC-Co powder in plain form and mechanically mixed with Mo was deposited using the APS method on standardized Type A Almen Strips (C67 steel). The size of the powder grains varies between 5 µm and 30 µm. The obtained samples were investigated by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and hardness, wear and corrosion behavior were also evaluated. Results revealed formation of different intermetallic phases around the WC particles, which have a benefic influence on the coating characteristics and microstructure.
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Edmunds, Brooke A., and Mark L. Gleason. "Resistance to Take-all is Not Expressed in Wheat-Alien Chromosome Addition and Substitution Lines." Plant Health Progress 4, no. 1 (January 2003): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2003-1201-01-rs.
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Stalk and petiole rot of herbaceous ornamental perennials, caused by S. rolfsii var. delphinii, is a widespread disease in landscape plantings and nursery production fields in the Midwest United States. A better understanding of perennation of the pathogen could aid in development of more effective management recommendations. Sclerotia of S. rolfsii var. delphinii were produced on strips of inoculated cotton batting placed on moistened sand in a plastic crisper. After one week at 27°C, sclerotia were removed, sealed in nylon mesh bags, and the bags were buried immediately below the soil surface and at 15-cm and 30-cm depths at two locations in Iowa in September 2001. Germination of sclerotia was quantified in October and November 2001 and in April, May, June, and July 2002 by plating recovered, surface-sterilized sclerotia on carrot agar amended with antibiotics. Survival was highly variable but in June and July was greatest at the soil surface (~50%). This is the first documented evidence that S. rolfsii var. delphinii will overwinter in the Midwest and survive a sufficient length of time to cause disease in the next growing season. Accepted for publication 6 October 2003. Published 24 November 2003.
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Cao, Zhangjun, Zhiyong Deng, Meinan Wang, Xianping Wang, Jinxue Jing, Xiangqi Zhang, Hongsheng Shang, and Zhenqi Li. "Inheritance and molecular mapping of an alien stripe-rust resistance gene from a wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica translocation line." Plant Science 174, no. 5 (May 2008): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.02.007.
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CURTIS, ODETTE, ROBERT E. SIMMONS, and ANDREW R. JENKINS. "Black Harrier Circus maurus of the Fynbos biome, South Africa: a threatened specialist or an adaptable survivor?" Bird Conservation International 14, no. 4 (November 25, 2004): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270904000310.
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Black Harrier Circus maurus is a rare southern African endemic that may have lost over 50% of its core breeding habitat in the last century as a result of extensive land transformation by agriculture, invasive alien vegetation and urbanization in the Fynbos biome. We partially surveyed both the western (Swartland) and southern (Overberg) coastal plains of south-western South Africa, over 3 years (2000–2002) for breeding Black Harriers, and found a distinctly polarized distribution. Nests were concentrated either along the coastal strip or inland in montane habitats, and generally absent from heavily cultivated and transformed inland plains areas. Limited evidence (direct observations, prey remains) suggests that harriers forage in cereal croplands but generally do not breed in these modified environments. We recorded breeding success at nests in coastal (Dune Thicket) and montane (Mountain Fynbos) habitats. Harriers bred successfully along the coast and nests were aggregated in loose colonies around wetlands. Harriers in montane environments bred poorly, took a wide range of prey, and were subject to high levels of nest predation. We propose that Black Harriers have been displaced from lowland Renosterveld and Fynbos habitats (characterized by better foraging and nesting opportunities), primarily by the advent and spread of cereal agriculture. The conservation and future research implications of this hypothesis are discussed.
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Cooper, John, and Patrick R. Condy. "Environmental Conservation at the Sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands: A Review and Recommendations." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 4 (1988): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029817.
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With respect to environmental conservation at* the Prince Edward Islands, South Africa has not lagged behind other nations owning sub-Antarctic islands. Indeed, with respect to some aspects, it can claim to be in the forefront. The most serious environmental problems at the Prince Edward Islands have to do with the need for control or eradication of certain established alien species of both plants and animals, the prevention of the introduction of additional aliens, and the carrying out of environmental impact assessments prior to new developments or expansions of existing facilities and programmes. However, where South Africa has lagged behind is in the enunciation of a policy on, and the proclamation of legislation giving, formal status to environmental conservation at, and the implementation of a formal and effective management plan for, the Prince Edward Islands.It is hoped that these shortcomings will be redressed in the near future. But if, for example, an aircraft landing strip were ever to be built on Marion Island, then the need for the proclamation of legislation and the implementation of a management plan would become even greater than at present. Prince Edward Island is so exceptionally special as an undisturbed sub-Antarctic island that it must never be subjected to any such development.
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Tuniyev, B. S., L. M. Shagarov, and O. J. Arribas. "Podarcis siculus (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae), a new alien species for Russian fauna." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 324, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2020.324.3.364.
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Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) or Italian wall lizard is one of the most invasive reptile-species. Recently, this lacertid lizard has been introduced to Mediterranean areas of southern Europe, South-West Asia (Turkey) and North America (USA). An abundant population of P. siculus was discovered on one of the sites of the Natural Ornithological Park in the Imeretinskaya Lowland, on an area of over 0.22 km2 (Sochi, Russia). The data were collected in the May of 2020 in a strip survey method in the Imeretinskaya Lowland. To identify the colonization area of the invader, we examined all 8 sections of the Natural Ornithological Park in the Imeretinskaya Lowland and adjacent urbanized areas. More than 150 animals were observed. These Italian wall lizards, undoubtedly, belong to the northern-central Italian morphotype (presumably P. s. campestris). This is the first record of this species in the former USSR area and, also, this is the species’ north-easternmost locality. The population inhabits secondary natural biotopes and urban area. Among them are the banks of artificial water bodies, areas with cultivated trees and shrubs, as well as parks, and house lawns in the urban area. Population density was estimated from eight to 40 specimens per 100 m of the transect. A moderate proportion of young specimens (more than a 40%) would indicate a healthy and continued growth of the emerging population. To determine the possible period of the species introduction, space images of the Imeretinskaya Lowland were analyzed beginning from the transformation of its landscape for the Winter Olympic Games of Sochi 2014 until the May of 2020. The introduction of the species presumably occurred with the delivery of large-sized ornamental trees and shrubs from Italy in 2012–2013. Podarcis siculus should be included in the list of herpetofauna of Russia and particularly of the Caucasus. This is an alien species with a proven ability to become an invasive species, what will lead to a greater undesirable and unavoidable contact with native small lizards of the genus Darevskia Arribas, 1997. On the other hand, as it is often observed with new invaders, a sudden rise in population abundance could be followed by a sharp decline. A continuous monitoring of the area in question and of the number of local Italian wall lizards is necessary to confirm or refute the assumed scenarios of further invasion of P. siculus on the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus. Further action plans for this population should be developed depending on supposed future trends.
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Du, Wanli, Jing Wang, Yuhui Pang, Liangming Wang, Jun Wu, Jixin Zhao, Qunhui Yang, and Xinhong Chen. "Isolation and characterization of a wheat – Psathyrostachys huashanica ‘Keng’ 3Ns disomic addition line with resistance to stripe rust." Genome 57, no. 1 (January 2014): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2013-0199.
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We isolated a wheat germplasm line, 22-2, which was derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum ‘7182’) and Psathyrostachys huashanica ‘Keng’ (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs). Genomic composition and homoeologous relationships of 22-2 was analyzed using cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), EST–SSR, and EST–STS to characterize the alien chromatin in the transfer line. The cytological investigations showed that the chromosome number and configuration were 2n = 44 = 22 II. Mitotic and meiotic GISH using P. huashanica genomic DNA as the probe indicated that 22-2 contained a pair of P. huashanica chromosomes. The genomic affinities of the introduced P. huashanica chromosomes were determined by EST–SSR and EST–STS using multiple-loci markers from seven wheat homoeologous groups between the parents and addition line. One EST–SSR and 17 EST–STS markers, which were located on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of wheat, amplified polymorphic bands in 22-2 that were unique to P. huashanica. Thus, these markers suggested that the introduced Ns chromosome pair belonged to homoeologous group 3, so we designated 22-2 as a 3Ns disomic addition line. Based on disease reaction to mixed races (CYR31, CYR32, and Shuiyuan14) of stripe rust in the adult stages, 22-2 was found to have high resistance to stripe rust, which was possibly derived from its P. huashanica parent. Consequently, the new disomic addition line 22-2 could be a valuable donor source for wheat improvement depending on the excellent agronomic traits, especially, the introduction of novel disease resistance genes into wheat during breeding programs.
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Kang, Houyang, Jian Zeng, Quan Xie, Shan Tao, Meiyu Zhong, Haiqin Zhang, Xing Fan, Lina Sha, Lili Xu, and Yonghong Zhou. "Molecular cytogenetic characterization and stripe rust response of a trigeneric hybrid involving Triticum, Psathyrostachys, and Thinopyrum." Genome 55, no. 5 (May 2012): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-025.
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Trigeneric hybrids offer opportunities to transfer alien traits into cultivated wheat. In this study, a new trigeneric hybrid involving species of Triticum , Psathyrostachys , and Thinopyrum was synthesized by crossing Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) – Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey amphiploid Zhong 3 with wheat – Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex Kuo amphiploid PHW-SA. Crossability of the two amphiploids was 19.74%, and the fertility of the hybrid was 16.20%. The mean meiotic configuration of the trigeneric hybrid (2n = 56) was 13.06 I + 17.24 IIring + 3.73 IIrod + 0.28 III + 0.04 IV. GISH analysis indicated that the trigeneric F1 had seven P. huashanica chromosomes and seven Th. intermedium chromosomes. The mean chromosome numbers of F2, F3, and F4 progenies were 2n = 49.24, 2n = 48.13, and 2n = 46.78, respectively, a gradual decrease. GISH analysis revealed that most F2 and F3 plants had 2–10 Th. intermedium chromosomes and 0–4 P. huashanica chromosomes. In the F4 progenies, 1–7 Th. intermedium chromosomes were labeled, but no P. huashanica chromosomes were detected. It seems that Th. intermedium chromosomes are more likely than P. huashanica chromosomes to be transmitted to the progenies. The stripe rust response of PHW-SA was expressed in the F1 and some F2 and F3 progenies. The trigeneric hybrid could be a useful bridge for transfering P. huashanica and Th. intermedium chromosomes to common wheat.
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JACOBUS, LUKE M., W. P. McCAFFERTY, and ROBERT W. SITES. "A new species and first stage associations in Crinitella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae: Ephemerellinae)." Zootaxa 1611, no. 1 (October 10, 2007): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1611.1.3.
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The alates of Crinitella coheri (Allen and Edmunds) are described for the first time, and morphological variability of the species is discussed. Male adults have penes with dorsal projections at the base of the gonopores and forceps with a relatively straight lateral profile. Crinitella coheri female alates and associated eggs have been misidentified as those of a Hyrtanella species. Crinitella coheri is reported from Vietnam for the first time. We describe C. lacuna, new species, based on male and female subimagoes and larvae, and the species is included in Crinitella on the basis of genitalia morphology. Alates of C. lacuna are distinguished from C. coheri by the presence of a prominent dorsal longitudinal stripe, and larvae are distinguished by having paired median spines on abdominal terga, mouthparts that are not greatly reduced, and gills 3 that are relatively larger than those of C. coheri. Crinitella lacuna is reported from India, Thailand and Vietnam. The structures of Crinitella and Hyrtanella gill cavities are different and do not represent a synapomorphy for the two genera.
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TEA, YI-KAI, BENJAMIN W. FRABLE, and ANTHONY C. GILL. "Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis, a new species of fairy wrasse from the Philippines and Indonesia (Teleostei: Labridae)." Zootaxa 4418, no. 6 (May 11, 2018): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4418.6.5.
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Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis, sp. nov., is described on the basis of the holotype and three paratypes from Banguingui Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, and a paratype from Sulawesi, Indonesia. The new species belongs to a complex consisting of C. filamentosus (Klausewitz), C. rubripinnis Randall & Carpenter, and C. tonozukai Allen & Kuiter. Aside from similar nuptial male coloration, the four species share the following character combination: a single row of cheek scales; dorsal-fin spines taller than dorsal-fin rays (slightly incised between spinuous and soft dorsal fin in C. rubripinnis and C. cyanogularis; last three dorsal-fin spines converging to form a single filament in C. tonozukai and C. filamentosus); relatively long pelvic fins (reaching past anal-fin origin); and isthmus and breast blue. The new species differs from the other members of the complex in lacking a dorsal filament, as well as possessing six predorsal scales, more extensive blue coloration on the isthmus, lower head and breast, and a soft dorsal fin with narrow black, medial stripe. The status of Klausewitz’s Cirrhilabrichthys is briefly discussed.
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Mednicoff, David M. "Allen Douglas and Fedwa Malti-Douglas, Arab Comic Strips: Politics of an Emerging Mass Culture (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994). Pp. 263." International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 4 (November 1995): 530–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380006267x.
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YOSHIDA, TOMOHIRO, and HIROYUKI MOTOMURA. "Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) Rhabdamia spilota Allen & Kuiter 1994 and R. gracilis (Bleeker 1856)." Zootaxa 4377, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.2.
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Rhabdamia spilota Allen & Kuiter 1994 (Apogonidae), a poorly known cardinalfish previously known only from the Philippines, Indonesia and the Red Sea, is redescribed on the basis of 70 specimens (20.9–61.2 mm standard length) (including types), from the Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea, Andaman Sea, Japan, South China Sea, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia, and Australia). Because most reports of the similar species R. gracilis (Bleeker 1856), following its original description, were based on misidentifications, R. gracilis is also redescribed (based on 98 Indo-West Pacific specimens from Seychelles, Maldives, Andaman Sea, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, and Australia, 27.9–59.3 mm standard length); a lectotype is designated for it. Rhabdamia spilota differs from R. gracilis in having 27–33 (mode 30–31) developed gill rakers [vs. 22–27 (mode 24) in the latter], 27–33 (30) gill rakers including rudiments [vs. 23–27 (24–25)], a black stripe from the jaw tips to the anterior margin of the orbit (vs. black pigments only at snout and tip of lower jaw), 3–6 reddish brown to blackish blotches on the opercle and anterior of body (vs. blotches absent), and indistinct black pigment restricted to caudal fin outer margins (vs. pigment scattered over entire fin). Rhabdamia gracilis exhibits sexual dichromatism, female specimens larger than 41.3 mm SL having one or two black stripes on the lateral surface of the body; the stripes are absent in males and smaller females. No evidence of sexual dichromatism was found in R. spilota.
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Ren, Tianheng, Zhi Li, Benju Yan, Feiquan Tan, Zongxiang Tang, Shulan Fu, Manyu Yang, and Zhenglong Ren. "De novo balanced complex chromosome rearrangements involving chromosomes 1B and 3B of wheat and 1R of rye." Genome 59, no. 12 (December 2016): 1076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0112.
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Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are defined as structural abnormalities involving more than two chromosome breaks, coupled with exchanges of chromosomal segments. Information on CCRs in plants is limited. In the present study, a plant (26-4) harboring translocation chromosomes 1RS.1BL and 4RS.4DL was selected from a double monosomic (1R and 4R) addition line, which was derived from the hybrid between wheat cultivar MY11 and a Chinese local rye variety. The genome of the plant with double alien translocation chromosomes in the monosomic form showed more instability than that harboring a single translocation. The CCRs involving chromosomes 1RS.1BL and 3B, which were generated de novo in this plant, showed double monosomic translocation chromosomes. A new CCR line with balanced reciprocal translocations 1RS.3BL and 3BS.1BL was developed, which presented normal morphological traits of wheat and underwent rapid growth in the field. A new 1RS.1BL translocation line was also selected from the progeny of plant 26-4. The CCRs and simple 1RS.1BL translocation lines showed significant improvement in grain yield, number of spikes per square meter, kernel number per spike, and resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. The CCR line exhibited better agronomic traits and adult plant resistance in the field than its sister line, which harbored a simple 1RS.1BL translocation. The CCRs are remarkable genetic resources for crop improvement.
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Kuraparthy, Vasu, Parveen Chhuneja, Harcharan S. Dhaliwal, Satinder Kaur, Robert L. Bowden, and Bikram S. Gill. "Characterization and mapping of cryptic alien introgression from Aegilops geniculata with new leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 in wheat." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 114, no. 8 (March 14, 2007): 1379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0524-2.
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Poster, Mark. "Digital Networks and Citizenship." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 1 (January 2002): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x63546.
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Paradoxical as it may appear, isn't it through the rights of man that transpires today—at a planetary level—the worst discriminations?—Jean Baudrillard, Les mots de passeCritical discourse today locates an antagonism between globalization and citizenship. The deepening of globalizing processes strips citizens of power, this position maintains. As economic processes become globalized, the nation-state loses its ability to protect its population. Citizens lose their ability to elect a leadership that effectively pursues their interests. When production facilities are dispersed beyond the nation, jobs are lost to foreigners, labor markets are affected by conditions in countries with diverse living standards, and capital flows, at the speed of light, to places of optimum returns. Consumption is also planetary in scope, bringing across borders alien cultural assumptions as embodied in commodities. The popular need no longer be the local. Although foreign goods are inflected with community values and easily adapted to local conditions, they remain indexes of otherness. What is more dramatic still than the changes in production and consumption, nation-states are losing their cultural coherence by dint of planetary communications systems. Much of contemporary music is global music or at least a fusion of diverse musical cultures. Satellite technology and the Internet bring all media across national boundaries as if those borders did not exist. Global processes run deep and wide, rendering problematic the figure of the citizen as a member of a national community.
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Cardarelli, Elisa, Rodolfo Gentili, Francesca Della Rocca, Marta Zanella, Sarah Caronni, Giuseppe Bogliani, and Sandra Citterio. "Seeding and Overseeding Native Hayseed Support Plant and Soil Arthropod Communities in Agriculture Areas." Life 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10040038.
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Using native seed mixtures to create or recover grassland habitats in rotation to crops or in strips surrounding fields is considered a cost-effective practice to enhance ecosystem resilience and agro-biodiversity. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of native hayseed mixtures on plant and microarthropod communities in an agricultural area of Northern Italy. Three different experimental treatments were set up. The first was a control (C) (i.e., non-seeded plots left to spontaneous vegetation succession after ploughing no deeper than 15 cm). The second, hayseed seeded (Hs) after ploughing no deeper than 15 cm. The third experimental treatment was hayseed overseeded (Ov) on the resident plant community after only a superficial harrowing. Ov plots exhibited the preeminent positive effects on the total productivity and quality of the grassland in terms of total vegetation cover, cover and richness of typical grassland species (i.e., Molinio-Arrhenatheretea species), and cover of legumes, grasses and perennial species. Moreover, Ov sites exhibited the highest abundance of microarthropod taxa and soil biological quality (QBS-ar) but only in spring, when the disturbance of ploughing negatively affected Hs and C plots. On the other hand, Hs sites showed a great reduction of invasive alien (i.e., Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Artemisia verlotiorum) and segetal weed species (i.e., Capsella bursa-pastoris and Spergula arvensis) in terms of cover. This study provides valuable indication on using hayseed mixtures to create grassland habitats as reservoir of native flora and soil biodiversity in agriculture areas.
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Sela, Avraham. "From Revolution to Political Participation: Institutionalization of Militant Islamic Movements." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 2, no. 1-2 (March 2015): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798915584033.
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Social movements often undergo substantial changes as they grow more politically popular and influential, foremost of which is the shift from a single founding/charismatic leader to a hierarchic structure of representative institutions and rational political decision-making. Such changes are said to enable transformation from revolutionary to reformist strategies based on pragmatic calculations. Despite the wealth of studies on the political development of Islamic movements, this theoretical assumption is yet to be tested, especially in cases of popular Islamic movements identified with jihad as a core element in their ideology of resistance to an alien power. This article takes on to scrutinize the political trajectories of two jihadist-resistant movements, namely, Hamas and Hezbollah. Both Hamas and Hezbollah emerged as contentious, counter-elite movements adopting extreme Islamic agendas, yet along the years, they came to adopt national-Islamic attributes. Moreover, both movements moved from the fringes of opposition to the political center and government, each one establishing itself as ‘a state within a state’. Despite their different sectarian identities (Sunni and Shi`i, respectively) and domestic political arenas, these two movements share major attributes, especially their dedicated involvement in social and community concerns on the one hand, and ideological and practical commitment to jihad against Israel, on the other. At the same time, despite their involvement in violence (in the case of Hezbollah, also international terrorism), both movements made discernible efforts to win international recognition, especially by propagating their broad political constituency and civic activities. Whereas Hezbollah attained representation in the Lebanese governments since 1992, Hamas’s unexpectedly decisive victory in the 2006 elections to the Palestinian Legislative Council forced it to take responsibility as a government. Following its violent takeover of full control over the Gaza Strip in June 2007, Hamas has exercised full internal sovereignty over this territory and won a substantial international recognition, mainly from Islamic countries. Against this backdrop, what changes can be discerned in the thought and practice of these movements? Especially, what effect had the shift from ‘resistance’ to government—or rather, the mixture of both—had on these movements. The article’s working assumption is that notwithstanding processes of popular growth, institutionalization, and generational changes of leadership, neither Hezbollah nor Hamas deviated from their strategic goals and core principles. Nonetheless, on the tactical level, they proved to be innovative in legitimizing temporary deviations from stated ideologies and policies.
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Suleiman, Michael W. "Arab Comic Strips: Politics of an Emerging Mass Culture, by Allen Douglas & Fedwa Malti-Douglas. 263 pages, illustrations, notes, sources, index. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. $19.95 (Paper) ISBN 0-253-20831-9." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 28, no. 2 (December 1994): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400030078.
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Matveyeva, N. V. "(A review) S. S. Kholod. Zonation in the plant cover on the Wrangel Island: syntaxonomical approach. Vegetation of Russia. 2013. N 23. P. 89–121." Vegetation of Russia, no. 25 (2014): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2014.25.116.
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The reviewed paper by S. Kholod (Kholod, 2013) presents the results of detail analysis of a large set of characteristics of 46 syntaxa (associations, subassociations, variants) described on the Wrangel Isl. (Kholod, 2007) according to the of Braun-Blanquet approach. Such parameters as the number and set of syntaxa, their correlations with the elements of landscapes, and the parameters of proper syntaxa composition and structure (number of species, projective cover, horizontal structure type, geographical range of elements, above-ground mass of vascular plants) are included into the analysis. The application of the results of the vegetation classification to the large area with complex geomorphology, geology and meso- and microclimatic conditions is undeniable novelty. The purpose of the S. Kholod paper, reflected in it title, was to assess the zonal position and to conduct a zonal subdivision of the territory of Wrangel Isl. using the syntaxonomical approach. This is undoubtedly should be appreciated having in mind that our knowledge on the syntaxa distribution, both in general and focusing on optimal allocation, their assemblage in different latitudinal stripes strongly increases the objectivity of the zonal division while the use of all mentioned characteristics makes it actually geobotanical (Matveyeva, 2008). However the conclusions and the results of zonal division (shown in the scheme, see Figure), made on the basis of the comprehensive syntaxonomical analysis, induce the numerous questions and even fundamental objections. It is worth to emphasize that islands, in general and in particular those with mountains and situated in the higher latitudes, are not the simplest objects for establishing their zonal status. This fully applies to the Wrangel Isl., where the mountains (albeit low), in most parts of the island, and the cold sea, around a relatively small area of land, leave no opportunity to manifest zonation in its correct (non-changed) form. Searching the zonal positions in the mountains is doomed to fail because this contradicts to the whole system of terms and phenomena taken into consideration when discussing the phenomenon of zonation. However, zonation is reflected not only in zonal but as well in intrazonal landscape elements, and that allows determining the zonal status of a territory when the space of zonal elements is minimized or even in their absence. The last case is not a cause to name as “zonal positions” some others that are widely represented in landscape like, for example, inside mountain valleys or carbonate substrates on Wrangel Isl. Thus, there are no grounds to call the localities, designated on the Fig. 3 in the reviewed paper (see Figure) by the letters «A», «Б», «В» and «Г» as units of zonal subdivision. Three isolated fragments under character A, that are relatively wide mountain valleys, are interpreted as the northern variant of the typical tundra subzone due to the presence the shrub willows that are absent besides this, the most heat favorable, element of landscape. However, it is the presence of the mountains is the main cause for the slightly higher air temperature, due to the specific warm winds (foehn), and optimal snow cover. Without the mountains, this effect would be impossible, and in their absence there would be no shrub thickets. So their existence is a beautiful example of «Alekhin’ feedforward rule» (Alekhin, 1951) when the specific syntaxa represent the extrazonal plant communities but in no case the presence of one zone within another. The analogous example is the location of fragments of polar desert zone and northern variants of arctic tundra subzone both in the north and south of the island. In particular this concerns the south-west island extremity on the Cape Blossom (with mean July temperature 1.1 С°), where the occurrence of polar desert syntaxa is the sequence of the hard ice conditions due to the specific configuration of the coast: long spit and thereby prolonged standing ice, which just is responsible for low summer temperatures. Hence, if the configuration of the coast in the south-west of the island would be different, neither polar desert nor the northern variant of arctic tundra in the southern half of the island would exist. But the configuration of the coastal line of the studied island has nothing to do with zonation. Also debatable is assignment to the zone of polar deserts the narrow strip in the north of the island where low summer temperatures are caused not by the amount of solar radiation / radiation balance, but the cooling effect of the ice cover persisting for most of the growing season, again due to the configuration of coastline with numerous lagoons and specificity of deepwater currents, as well as summer fogs, i. e. not with direct sequence of radiation factors. The occurrence of the communities of ass. Oncophoro wahlenbergii–Deschampsietum borealis, which has some similarities with syntaxa on the Bolshevik Isl. (Matveyeva, 2006), in wet habitats at long gentle macro-slope (mountain trail) of the northern exposure is another classic example of extrazonality, as in the case of communities with high shrub willows in mountain valleys, but with the opposite sighting. When assessing the zonal position of small area it is necessary to link a decision with the existing subdivision of the entire biome. The Wrangel Isl. is situated in relatively low latitudes (between 70° 46′ and 71° 34′ N) where the southern (shrub) tundra subzone is represented in the middle of the Eurasian continent. The southernmost areas of the polar desert zone in circumpolar scale are located north of 75° N in the warmest Atlantic sector and north of 77° N in continental part of the north Eurasia. Similar in size with Wrangel Isl., flat islands of Novosibirskie islands archipelago located between 73° and 76° N, are referred to the arctic tundra subzone. The total cooling effect of the Arctic Ocean affects not only the island territories. The presence of tundras on the vast space of the Eurasian coast (with the exception of the Yamal, Gydan and Taymyr peninsulas) at low latitudes can be explain not only by solar radiation regime, but also by the fact that the large areas of land are cut off by sea. Otherwise, on the territory of the present tundras south of 67–69° N would been the woods. In fact, only on the Taymyr Peninsula, that is mostly extended to the north, the radiation and thermal conditions are proportionate, and therefore all subzonal boundaries are situated there more north than in the European and East Siberian sectors. The oceanic influence appears all over the whole Arctic biome but it does not prevent manifest zonal differentiation from the southern tundras to the polar deserts. This factor, common for the entire Eurasian coast, is strongly enhanced by durable ice cover owing to the specific regional conditions on Wrangel Isl. The mixed pattern of zonal units (the location of polar desert zone south of the arctic tundras and that of typical tundras inside of latter), proposed by S. Kholod, destroys all current ideas of zonation. It is obvious that these are cases of the presence of some community types (by no means zones or subzones) in alien zonal positions (that always has a clear explanation). It is not possible to agree with the author, that all differences of syntaxonomical variability within the studied territory are connected with the zonal position of its various parts. It is rather common situation when the image of zonal subdivision appears based upon for some ideas, and then all identified differences have been linked with this image rather than with the landscape peculiarities. The usage of some terminology, concerning the names of elements of relief, the designation of zonal units, the terms of intra-landscape differentiation are also discussed with a certain amount of criticism.
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Gunawan, Gusta, Dwita Sutjiningsih, Herr Soeryantono, and Soelistiyoweni Widjanarko. "Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu, Indonesia." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.141-148.
Full textAbstract:
The study aims to assess the rate of erosion that occurred in Manjunto Watershed and financial loss using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. Model used to determine the erosion is E30 models. The basis for the development of this model is to integrate with the slope of the slope between NDVI. The value of NDVI obtained from satellite imagery. Slope factor obtained through the DEM processing. To determine the amount of economic losses caused by erosion used the shadow prices. The amount of nutrients lost converted to fertilizer price. The results showed that the eroded catchment area has increased significantly. The rate of average annual erosion in the watershed Manjunto in 2000 amounted to 3 Mg ha-1 yr-1. The average erosion rate in the watershed Manjunto annual increase to 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the year 2009. Economic losses due to erosion in 2009 was Rp200,000,- for one hectare. Total losses due to erosion for the total watershed area is Rp15,918,213,133, -. The main factor causing the high rate of erosion is high rainfall, slope and how to grow crops that do not pay attention to the rules of conservation.Keywords: Soil erosion, digital elevation model, GIS, remote sensing, valuation erosion[How to Cite: Gunawan G, D Sutjiningsih, H Soeryantono and S Widjanarko. 2013.Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu-Indonesia. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 141-148. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141]REFERENCESAksoy E, G Ozsoy and MS Dirim. 2009. Soil mapping approach in GIS using Landsat satellite imagery and DEM data. Afr J Agric Res 4: 1295-1302.Ananda J and G Herath. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. J Environ Manage 68: 343-353.Ananda J, G Herath and A Chisholm. 2001. Determination of yield and Erosion Damage Functions Using Subjectivly Elicited Data: application to Smallholder Tea in Sri Lanka. 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