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Journal articles on the topic 'Alnus-Frankia symbiosis'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Anne-Emmanuelle, Hay, Boubakri Hasna, Buonomo Antoine, et al. "Control of Endophytic Frankia Sporulation by Alnus Nodule Metabolites." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 30, no. 3 (2017): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0235-r.

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A unique case of microbial symbiont capable of dormancy within its living host cells has been reported in actinorhizal symbioses. Some Frankia strains, named Sp+, are able to sporulate inside plant cells, contrarily to Sp− strains. The presence of metabolically slowed-down bacterial structures in host cells alters our understanding of symbiosis based on reciprocal benefits between both partners, and its impact on the symbiotic processes remains unknown. The present work reports a metabolomic study of Sp+ and Sp− nodules (from Alnus glutinosa), in order to highlight variabilities associated wit

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2

Markham, John H., and Chris P. Chanway. "Does past contact reduce the degree of mutualism in the Alnus rubra - Frankia symbiosis?" Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 3 (1999): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-227.

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Although most vascular plants have symbiotic relationships with soil microbes, and there is an extensive theoretical literature on the evolution of mutualism, there has been little experimental examination of the evolution of mutualism between plants and their microbial symbionts. We inoculated red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings from three high- and three low-elevation populations with crushed nodule suspensions containing the nitrogen fixing bacterium Frankia from either the parent trees (familiar strains) or the other plant population sampled within the parent watershed (unfamiliar stra

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3

Pujic, Petar, Nicole Alloisio, Guylaine Miotello, et al. "The Proteogenome of Symbiotic Frankia alni in Alnus glutinosa Nodules." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (2022): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030651.

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Omics are the most promising approaches to investigate microbes for which no genetic tools exist such as the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic Frankia. A proteogenomic analysis of symbiotic Frankia alni was done by comparing those proteins more and less abundant in Alnus glutinosa nodules relative to N2-fixing pure cultures with propionate as the carbon source. There were 250 proteins that were significantly overabundant in nodules at a fold change (FC) ≥ 2 threshold, and 1429 with the same characteristics in in vitro nitrogen-fixing pure culture. Nitrogenase, SuF (Fe–Su biogenesis) and hopanoid lipid

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4

Mastronunzio, J. E., Y. Huang, and D. R. Benson. "Diminished Exoproteome of Frankia spp. in Culture and Symbiosis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 21 (2009): 6721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01559-09.

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ABSTRACT Frankia species are the most geographically widespread gram-positive plant symbionts, carrying out N2 fixation in root nodules of trees and woody shrubs called actinorhizal plants. Taking advantage of the sequencing of three Frankia genomes, proteomics techniques were used to investigate the population of extracellular proteins (the exoproteome) from Frankia, some of which potentially mediate host-microbe interactions. Initial two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of culture supernatants indicated that cytoplasmic proteins appeared in super

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5

Wall, Luis Gabriel, and Kerstin Huss-Danell. "Regulation of nodulation in Alnus incana-Frankia symbiosis." Physiologia Plantarum 99, no. 4 (1997): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb05362.x.

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6

Wall, Luis Gabriel, and Kerstin Huss-Danell. "Regulation of nodulation in Alnus incana-Frankia symbiosis*." Physiologia Plantarum 99, no. 4 (1997): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.990411.x.

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7

Gabbarini, Luciano Andrés, and Luis Gabriel Wall. "Diffusible factors involved in early interactions of actinorhizal symbiosis are modulated by the host plant but are not enough to break the host range barrier." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 9 (2011): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11003.

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Nodulation kinetics were analysed in two nitrogen-fixing actinorhizal symbioses that show different pathways for infection: Alnus acuminata H. B. K., which is infected by Frankia ArI3, and Discaria trinervis (Hooker et Arnot) Reiche, which is infected by Frankia BCU110501. Both pairs are incompatible in cross-inoculation experiments. The dose–response effects in nodulation were studied in A. acuminata seedlings using different concentrations of compatible and incompatible bacteria in co-inoculation experiments. Restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR analysis and plant-trapping analysis s

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8

Clawson, Michael L., Jeffrey Gawronski, and David R. Benson. "Dominance ofFrankiastrains in stands ofAlnus incanasubsp.rugosaandMyrica pensylvanica." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 9 (1999): 1203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-070.

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To address issues of dominance and diversity of Frankia spp. strains, we sequenced 16S rRNA genes from root nodules and strains collected from Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R.T. Clausen and Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. stands. Of 22 strains isolated previously from A. incana, 16 had the same partial rDNA sequence; the remaining 6 strains composed five additional groups. The groups identified by 16S rDNA analysis corresponded to phenotypic groups established previously by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis, colony and hyphal morphology, and carbon source utilization patte

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9

Alloisio, Nicole, Clothilde Queiroux, Pascale Fournier, et al. "The Frankia alni Symbiotic Transcriptome." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 23, no. 5 (2010): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-23-5-0593.

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The actinobacteria Frankia spp. are able to induce the formation of nodules on the roots of a large spectrum of actinorhizal plants, where they convert dinitrogen to ammonia in exchange for plant photosynthates. In the present study, transcriptional analyses were performed on nitrogen-replete free-living Frankia alni cells and on Alnus glutinosa nodule bacteria, using whole-genome microarrays. Distribution of nodule-induced genes on the genome was found to be mostly over regions with high synteny between three Frankia spp. genomes, while nodule-repressed genes, which were mostly hypothetical a

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10

Gabbarini, Luciano Andrés, and Luis Gabriel Wall. "Diffusible factors from Frankia modify nodulation kinetics in Discaria trinervis, an intercellular root-infected actinorhizal symbiosis." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 9 (2011): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11015.

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Frankia BCU110501 induces nitrogen-fixing root nodules in Discaria trinervis (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Reiche (Rhamnaceae) via intercellular colonisation, without root hair deformation. It produces diffusible factors (DFs) that might be involved in early interactions with the D. trinervis roots, playing a role in the nodulation process. The induction of root nodule development in actinorhizal symbiosis would depend on the concentration of factors produced by the bacteria and the plant. A detailed analysis of nodulation kinetics revealed that these DFs produce changes at the level of initia

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11

Schrader, James A., and William R. Graves. "Nodulation and Growth of Alnus nitida and Alnus maritima Inoculated with Species-specific and Nonspecific Frankia." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 1 (2008): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.1.29.

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Abstract Actinorhizal plants form N2-fixing symbioses with soil-borne bacteria of the genus Frankia. Potential exists for development of sustainable, actinorhizal nursery crops that obtain most of their required N through N2 fixation, but information on host-symbiont specificity, presence of compatible Frankia in soils, and techniques to inoculate during plant production is lacking. Our objectives were to determine the effect of inoculum type and source and the effect of supplemental N on nodulation, growth, and N content of two actinorhizal species, Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. and Alnus mariti

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12

Pawlowski, Katharina, Susan Swensen, Changhui Guan, Az-Eddine Hadri, Alison M. Berry, and Ton Bisseling. "Distinct Patterns of Symbiosis-Related Gene Expression in Actinorhizal Nodules from Different Plant Families." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 9 (2003): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.9.796.

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Phylogenetic analyses suggest that, among the members of the Eurosid I clade, nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses developed multiple times independently, four times with rhizobia and four times with the genus Frankia. In order to understand the degree of similarity between symbiotic systems of different phylogenetic subgroups, gene expression patterns were analyzed in root nodules of Datisca glomerata and compared with those in nodules of another actinorhizal plant, Alnus glutinosa, and with the expression patterns of homologous genes in legumes. In parallel, the phylogeny of actinorhizal pl

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13

Berry, A. M., L. McIntyre, and M. E. McCully. "Fine structure of root hair infection leading to nodulation in the Frankia–Alnus symbiosis." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 2 (1986): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-043.

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Root hair infection by Frankia (Actinomycetales) is the means by which nitrogen-fixing root nodules are initiated upon the actinorhizal host, Alnus rubra. Structural details of the infectious process and the changes in host root hair cells are demonstrated at the prenodule stage for the first time using light and transmission electron microscopy. The Frankia hypha is the infective agent, extending from the rhizosphere through the root hair wall in a highly deformed region of the hair. There is no evidence of pleomorphism of the Frankia hypha. The primary wall fibrils of the root hair appear di

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14

Chen, Haoran, Sylvie Renault, and John Markham. "The Effect of Frankia and Hebeloma crustiliniforme on Alnus alnobetula subsp. Crispa Growing in Saline Soil." Plants 11, no. 14 (2022): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141860.

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The mining of the oil sands region of Canada’s boreal forest creates disturbed land with elevated levels of salts. Understanding how native plants respond to salt stress is critical in reclaiming these lands. The native species, Alnus alnobetula subsp. crispa forms nitrogen-fixing nodules with Frankia, and ectomycorrhizae with a number of fungal species. These relationships may make the plant particularly well suited for restoring disturbed land. We inoculated A. alnobetula subsp. crispa with Frankia and Hebeloma crustiliniforme and exposed the plants to 0, 50, or 100 mM NaCl for seven weeks.

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15

Hay, Anne-Emmanuelle, Aude Herrera-Belaroussi, Marjolaine Rey, Pascale Fournier, Philippe Normand, and Hasna Boubakri. "Feedback Regulation of N Fixation in Frankia-Alnus Symbiosis Through Amino Acids Profiling in Field and Greenhouse Nodules." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 3 (2020): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-19-0289-r.

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Symbiosis established between actinorhizal plants and Frankia spp., which are nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria, promotes nodule organogenesis, the site of metabolic exchange. The present study aimed to identify amino acid markers involved in Frankia-Alnus interactions by comparing nodules and associated roots from field and greenhouse samples. Our results revealed a high level of citrulline in all samples, followed by arginine (Arg), aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu), γ-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), and alanine (Ala). Interestingly, the field metabolome approach highlighted more contrasted amino a

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16

Kratsch, Heidi A., and William R. Graves. "Location and Anatomy of Nodules on Alnus maritima Subjected to Flooding." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 6 (2004): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.6.0775.

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Although many species of Alnus Miller grow in wet soils, none is as closely associated with low-oxygen, waterlogged soils as Alnus maritima (Marsh.) Muhl. ex Nutt. (seaside alder). An actinorhizal species with promise for use in horticultural landscapes, land reclamation, and sustainable systems, A. maritima associates with Frankia Brunchorst, thereby forming root nodules in which gaseous nitrogen is fixed. Our objective was to determine how root-zone moisture conditions influence the occurrence, location, and anatomy of nodules on A. maritima. Plants of Alnus maritima subsp. maritima Schrader

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17

Sasakura, Fuyuko, Toshiki Uchiumi, Yoshikazu Shimoda, et al. "A Class 1 Hemoglobin Gene from Alnus firma Functions in Symbiotic and Nonsymbiotic Tissues to Detoxify Nitric Oxide." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 19, no. 4 (2006): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-19-0441.

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Actinorhizal symbiosis is as important in biological nitrogen fixation as legume-rhizobium symbiosis in the global nitrogen cycle. To understand the function of hemoglobin (Hb) in actinorhizal symbiosis, we characterized a Hb of Alnus firma, AfHb1. A cDNA that encodes nonsymbiotic Hb (nonsym-Hb) was isolated from a cDNA library of A. firma nodules probed with LjHb1, a nonsym-Hb of Lotus japonicus. No homolog of symbiotic Hb (sym-Hb) could be identified by screening in the cDNA library or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers for other sym-Hb genes. The deduced amino acid

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18

Bélanger, Pier-Anne, Jean-Philippe Bellenger, and Sébastien Roy. "Strong modulation of nutrient distribution in Alnus glutinosa as a function of the actinorhizal symbiosis." Botany 91, no. 4 (2013): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0184.

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Micro- and macro-nutrient acquisition by plants and microorganisms is a cornerstone for their survival and has a direct impact on biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we investigated, in controlled conditions, how the availability of exogenous nitrate impacted nutrient acquisition and distribution in black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) in the presence, or absence, of its nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont (Frankia sp.). Our findings show that alder physiology and distribution of nutrients between aerial and root tissues were strongly influenced by the presence of the symbiont. In both

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19

Lundquist, Per-Olof, and Kerstin Huss-Danell. "Response of nitrogenase to altered carbon supply in a Frankia-Alnus incana symbiosis." Physiologia Plantarum 83, no. 3 (1991): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb00102.x.

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20

Lundquist, Per-Olof, and Kerstin Russ-Danell. "Response of nitrogenase to altered carbon supply in a Frankia-Alnus incana symbiosis." Physiologia Plantarum 83, no. 3 (1991): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.830301.x.

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21

Weber, Assi, Mervi-Leena Sarsa, and Veronica Sundman. "Frankia-Alnus incana symbiosis: Effect of endophyte on nitrogen fixation and biomass production." Plant and Soil 120, no. 2 (1989): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02377079.

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22

Sellstedt, A. "Acetylene reduction, H2 evolution and 15N2 fixation in the Alnus incana-Frankia symbiosis." Planta 167, no. 3 (1986): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00391343.

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23

Vergnaud, L., A. Chaboud, Y. Prin, and M. Rougier. "Preinfection events in the establishment of Alnus-Frankia symbiosis: Development of a spot inoculation technique." Plant and Soil 87, no. 1 (1985): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02277649.

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24

Lundquist, Per-Olof, and Kerstin Huss-Danell. "Nitrogenase Activity and Amounts of Nitrogenase Proteins in a Frankia-Alnus incana Symbiosis Subjected to Darkness." Plant Physiology 95, no. 3 (1991): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.95.3.808.

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25

Kratsch*, Heidi A., and William R. Graves. "Adaptations of Alnus maritima Nodules to Low Oxygen in the Root Zone." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 892D—892. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.892d.

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Alnus maritima (Marsh.) Muhl. ex Nutt. is unique among alders in its degree of preference for low-oxygen soils of wetlands. An actinorhizal species with promise for use in sustainable horticulture, A. maritima develops a root-nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing Frankia. Nodules of other actinorhizal species that are obligate wetland natives are adapted to low oxygen, and expression of hemoglobin is common to these taxa. Our objectives were to determine the range of oxygen tension under which Alnus maritima subsp. maritima fixes nitrogen and to investigate a potential role for hemoglobin in a

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26

Markham, John H., and Chris P. Chanway. "Does past contact reduce the degree of mutualism in the Alnus rubra - Frankia symbiosis?" Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 3 (1999): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-77-3-434.

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27

Bissonnette, C., B. Fahlman, K. M. Peru, et al. "Symbiosis with Frankia sp. benefits the establishment of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa and Alnus incana ssp. rugosa in tailings sand from the Canadian oil sands industry." Ecological Engineering 68 (July 2014): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.061.

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28

Lopez, Mary F., Patricia Young, and John G. Torrey. "A comparison of carbon source utilization for growth and nitrogenase activity in two Frankia isolates." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 4 (1986): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-068.

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The carbon source requirements for the growth and nitrogen fixation of two morphologically distinct Frankia isolates were examined. Isolate ArI3 (from Alnus rubra) grew well on propionate, malate, acetate, and trehalose, and isolate CcI2 (from Casuarina cunninghamiana) grew best on pyruvate, acetate, and propionate. In general, the same carbon sources that supported growth supported both the development of vesicles and nitrogenase activity in long-term induction experiments in both isolates. However, ArI3 cultures induced on proprionate had 7 to 26 times the activity of other carbon sources an

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29

Cérémonie, Hélène, Frédéric Debellé, and Maria P. Fernandez. "Structural and functional comparison of Frankia root hair deforming factor and rhizobia Nod factor." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 9 (1999): 1293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-060.

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The infectious processes of the Frankia-Alnus and Rhizobium-legume symbioses present strong similarities, suggesting the existence of analogies between Frankia root hair deforming factor and rhizobia Nod factors. Biochemical and functional analogies were tested using ACoN24d Frankia strain. The putative chitin-like nature of the Frankia deforming factor was explored by (i) gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography, after radioactive labeling of the culture for detection of chitin oligomers, and (ii) following the root hair deforming activity of the supernata

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30

Markham, John H. "Variability of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species." Botany 86, no. 5 (2008): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-023.

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Plants maintain mutualistic symbioses with multiple symbiont genotypes that differ in the benefits they provide. To investigate differences in the effect of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species, spore-producing (sp+) nodules from Alnus rubra Bong. and Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen and non-spore-producing (sp–) nodules from Alnus viridis subsp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill, A. rubra, and A. incana subsp. rugosa were collected from each of four different populations and used to inoculate all three Alnus species. As expected, sp+ Frankia produced significantly more nodules on all three

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31

Higgins, Logan Massie, and Peter Gault Kennedy. "Symbiotic Frankia bacteria in Alnus forests in Mexico and the United States of America: is geographic location a good predictor of assemblage structure?" Botany 90, no. 6 (2012): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-006.

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While the biogeography of Alnus species is well characterized, that of their microbial symbionts remains less well understood. Little is known, for example, about how the genotypic richness of Alnus-associated Frankia bacteria varies at the continental scale, and the richness of Alnus-associated Frankia at tropical latitudes has yet to be explored. In this study, we conducted sequence-based analyses of the nifH gene comparing Frankia found in root nodules of two Alnus species in central Mexico with those associated with two Alnus species in the northwestern United States of America (USA). Simi

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32

Batzli, Janet McCray, Jeff F. Zimpfer, Valérie Huguet, Charles A. Smyth, Maria Fernandez, and Jeffrey O. Dawson. "Distribution and abundance of infective, soilborne Frankia and host symbionts Shepherdia, Alnus, and Myrica in a sand dune ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 5 (2004): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-044.

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We describe presence, abundance, and distribution of three sympatric nitrogen-fixing shrubs and their symbiotic diazatroph, Frankia, in a sand dune ecosystem differing in successional stage, vegetative cover, edaphic characteristics, and topography. Distribution of actinorhizal Myrica gale L., Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen, and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. was analyzed among 120 sampling locations representing a gradient of successional stages in a sand dune system along Lake Michigan. In a greenhouse study, seedlings of these species were employed to bioassay the

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33

Laplaze, Laurent, Ana Ribeiro, Claudine Franche, et al. "Characterization of a Casuarina glauca Nodule-Specific Subtilisin-like Protease Gene, a Homolog of Alnus glutinosa ag12." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 1 (2000): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.1.113.

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In search of plant genes expressed during early interactions between Casuarina glauca and Frankia, we have isolated and characterized a C. glauca gene that has strong homology to subtilisin-like protease gene families of several plants including the actinorhizal nodulin gene ag12 of another actinorhizal plant, Alnus glutinosa. Based on the expression pattern of cg12 in the course of nodule development, it represents an early actinorhizal nodulin gene. Our results suggest that subtilisin-like proteases may be a common element in the process of infection of plant cells by Frankia in both Betulac

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34

Hammad, Y., J. Maréchal, B. Cournoyer, P. Normand, and A. M. Domenach. "Modification of the protein expression pattern induced in the nitrogen-fixing actinomyceteFrankiasp. strain ACN14a-tsr by root exudates of its symbiotic hostAlnus glutinosaand cloning of thesodFgene." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 6 (2001): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-046.

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Two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect proteins induced in Frankia sp. strain ACN14a-tsr by root exudates of its symbiotic host, Alnus glutinosa. The 5 most prominent proteins were purified from 2-D gels and characterized by N-terminal sequencing. All of these proteins had a high percentage of similarity with known stress proteins. One protein match was the Fe superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), another was a tellurite resistance protein (Ter), the third was a bacterioferritin comigratory protein (Bcp); and two matches, differing only by their isoelectric point,

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35

Abeysekera, R. M., William Newcomb, W. B. Silvester, and John G. Torrey. "A freeze-fracture electron microscopic study of Frankia in root nodules of Alnus incana grown at three oxygen tensions." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 2 (1990): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-019.

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Nodulated plants of Alnus incana ssp. rugosa and ssp. incana were grown with the roots exposed to 5, 21, and 40 kPa O2. The nodules were studied by freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy to determine the effect of varying O2 tension on the numbers of lipid laminae in the Frankia envelope. Lipid laminae were present in the cell envelopes of hyphae, stalks, and symbiotic vesicles. The mean number of lipid laminae in hyphal envelopes varied from five to nine. Stalks of symbiotic vesicles contained mean numbers of 35–59 lipid laminae over the range of pO2's studied. Symbiotic vesicle env

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36

Vikman, Per-Åke. "The symbiotic vesicle is a major site for respiration in Frankia from Alnus incana root nodules." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 8 (1992): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-127.

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A technique was developed for preparation of Frankia symbiotic vesicles, free of hyphae. The symbiotic vesicles were isolated by isopycnic centrifugation of disrupted Frankia vesicle clusters prepared from root nodules of Alnus incana (L.) Moench. Activities in symbiotic vesicles were compared with activities in intact symbiotic vesicle clusters on a total protein basis. Respiratory capacity was tested with 6-phosphogluconate, malate + glutamate, and NADH as added substrates. With all three substrates, specific respiration was doubled after symbiotic vesicle isolation. Nitrogenase was used as

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37

Domenach, A. M., and F. Kurdali. "Influence des réserves azotées sur la formation des feuilles d’Alnus glutinosa et ses conséquences dans l'estimation de la fixation d'azote." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 3 (1989): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-116.

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The influence of nitrogen reserves on leaf formation of 5- to 6-year-old plants of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. was investigated using a 15N labelling method. Nitrogen reserves were derived essentially from the root system and along with N fixation by Frankia, supported the growth of the young leaves. The reserves represent 10% of the total nitrogen in the leaves at the end of the growing period under natural or environmentally controlled conditions. The percentage of fixed nitrogen in alder leaves was estimated to be 87% taking into account the nitrogen reserves and using the isotopic compari

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38

Roy, Melanie, Adrien C. Pozzi, Raphaëlle Gareil, et al. "Alder and the Golden Fleece: high diversity of Frankia and ectomycorrhizal fungi revealed from Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata roots close to a Tertiary and glacial refugium." PeerJ 5 (July 18, 2017): e3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3479.

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Background Recent climatic history has strongly impacted plant populations, but little is known about its effect on microbes. Alders, which host few and specific symbionts, have high genetic diversity in glacial refugia. Here, we tested the prediction that communities of root symbionts survived in refugia with their host populations. We expected to detect endemic symbionts and a higher species richness in refugia as compared to recolonized areas. Methods We sampled ectomycorrhizal (EM) root tips and the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia communities in eight sites colonized by Alnus glutinos

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Pozzi, Adrien C. Meynier, Aude Herrera-Belaroussi, Guillaume Schwob, et al. "Proposal of 'Candidatus Frankia alpina', the uncultured symbiont of Alnus alnobetula and A. incana that forms spore-containing nitrogen-fixing root nodules." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 10 (2020): 5453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004433.

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The members of the genus Frankia are, with a few exceptions, a group of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic actinobacteria that nodulate mostly woody dicotyledonous plants belonging to three orders, eight families and 23 genera of pioneer dicots. These bacteria have been characterized phylogenetically and grouped into four molecular clusters. One of the clusters, cluster 1 contains strains that induce nodules on Alnus spp. (Betulaceae), Myrica spp., Morella spp. and Comptonia spp. (Myricaceae) that have global distributions. Some of these strains produce not only hyphae and vesicles, as other cluster 1

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Domenach, A. M., F. Kurdali, C. Danière, and R. Bardin. "Détermination de l'identité isotopique de l'azote fixé par le Frankia associé au genre Alnus." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 7 (1988): 1241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-177.

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To use the 15N natural abundance method to evaluate the symbiotic nitrogen fixation by actinorhizal trees, it is necessary to determine the isotopic identity of assimilated nitrogen from two sources: the soil and the air. This study reports an isotopic value of fixed nitrogen by two alder species (Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. growing on nitrogen-free medium in greenhouse experiments. The δ15N value of the aerial parts was −2. This value was stable with time and did not depend on the Frankia strains used. This value could be used to estimate the nitrogen fixation in

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Vikman, Per-Ake, and Kerstin Huss-Danell. "Capacity for hexose respiration in symbiotic Frankia from Alnus incana." Physiologia Plantarum 70, no. 2 (1987): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb06154.x.

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Brunner, I. L., F. Brunner, and O. K. Miller Jr. "Ectomycorrhizal synthesis with Alaskan Alnus tenuifolia." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 4 (1990): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-101.

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The ability of Alnus tenuifolia to form ectomycorrhizae with potential ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. Alnus tenuifolia seedlings raised in growth pouches were inoculated with Frankia to induce nodulation and then with a putative ectomycorrhizal fungus. The fungi used were collected in nearly pure A. tenuifolia stands in Alaska or were found in Alnus nepalensis stands in Nepal. Five species of putative ectomycorrhizal symbionts of alders were tested. Alpova diplophloeus and Paxillus filamentosus formed both mantle and Hartig net. Cortinarius cf. saturninus developed a mantle but no Har

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Bernèche-D'Amours, Audrey, Mariana Gabriela Ghinet, Julie Beaudin, Ryszard Brzezinski, and Sébastien Roy. "Sequence analysis ofrpoBandrpoDgene fragments reveals the phylogenetic diversity of actinobacteria of genus Frankia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 3 (2011): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w10-106.

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Partial rpoD, rpoB, and 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from databases and (or) amplified from 12 strains of Frankia . These strains belonged to either Cluster 1 (Alnus-, Myrica-, Comptonia-, and Casuarina-infective strains) or Cluster 3 (Elaeagnus-infective strain). An rpoD gene-based PCR approach was designed to allow the detection of frankiae in complex samples. Additionally, partial gene sequences obtained using 2 rpoB gene primer sets (named rpoB-1 and rpoB-2) were used to generate phylogenetic eurograms to find a molecular tool able to assess biodiversity among Frankia strains. The

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Gentili, Francesco G., та Kerstin Huss-Danell. "The δ15N value of N2 fixing actinorhizal plants and legumes grown with N2 as the only nitrogen source". Symbiosis 79, № 3 (2019): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13199-019-00650-2.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different plant parts and the age of plants at harvest as well as N2 fixing bacterial strains on the N concentration in symbiotic plant parts, especially on the δ15N signature of the actinorhizal plants and legumes. The 15N natural abundance method was used. Two actinorhizal plants were studied: Alnus incana (L.) infected with the Frankia strains ArI3 or “lsF” (local source of Frankia) and Hippophaë rhamnoides (L.) infected with the Frankia strains T1 or E15b. Two legume species were studied: Hedysarum coronarium (L.), infected wi

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Huguet, V., J. M. Batzli, J. F. Zimpfer, F. Gourbière, J. O. Dawson, and M. P. Fernandez. "Nodular symbionts ofShepherdia,Alnus, andMyricafrom a sand dune ecosystem: trends in occurrence of soilborneFrankiagenotypes." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 5 (2004): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-043.

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A successional sand dune system along the Lake Michigan shoreline was chosen to study the impact of edaphic factors, vegetation cover, and topographic position on Frankia strain distribution and infectivity. On this site, three actinorhizal species, Myrica gale L., Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen, and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt., grew in different communities. Soil samples were collected on plots devoid of actinorhizal plants and serially diluted to inoculate the three native host plants in a greenhouse study. Strains present in the nodules formed were then genetic

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Markham, John H. "The effect of Frankia and Paxillus involutus on the performance of Alnus incana subsp. rugosa in mine tailings." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 11 (2005): 1384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-108.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi act synergistically to improve plant performance when grown on heavy metal mine tailings. Seedlings were inoculated with Frankia, Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr., or a combination of both and grown in 100% peat, a 1:1 mix of peat and tailings, or 100% tailings for 20 weeks. Mortality of plants grown on pure tailings (15.0%) and peat–tailings (17.9%) was significantly greater than mortality of plants grown on peat (3.5%). The rate of nodulation and mycorrhizae formation decreased from 90.

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Rosendahl, Lis, and Kerstin Huss-Danell. "Effects of elevated oxygen tensions on acetylene reduction in Alnus incana-Frankia symbioses." Physiologia Plantarum 74, no. 1 (1988): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb04946.x.

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Sellstedt, Anita. "Occurrence and activity of hydrogenase in symbiotic Frankia from field-collected Alnus incana." Physiologia Plantarum 75, no. 2 (1989): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb06186.x.

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Prin, Yves, and Mireille Rougier. "Cytological and histochemical characteristics of the axenic root surface of Alnus glutinosa." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 10 (1986): 2216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-296.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the Alnus root surface using seedlings grown axenically. This study has focused on root zones where infection by the symbiotic actinomycete Frankia takes place. The zones examined extend from the root cap to the emerging root hair zone. The root cap ensheaths the Alnus root apex and extends over the root surface as a layer of highly flattened cells closely appressed to the root epidermal cell wall. These cells contain phenolic compounds as demonstrated by various histochemical tests. They are externally bordered by a thin cell wall coated by a th

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Sellstedt, Anita, Kerstin Huss-Danell, and Ann-Sofi Ahlqvist. "Nitrogen fixation and biomass production in symbioses between Alnus incana and Frankia strains with different hydrogen metabolism." Physiologia Plantarum 66, no. 1 (1986): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb01240.x.

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