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Wang, Eddy Hsi Chun. "The pathogenesis of alopecia areata." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51360.
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The development of a hair loss disease, alopecia areata (AA), is believed to be associated with the initiation of an autoimmune response triggered by the activation of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) by unidentified autoantigen epitopes. The long-term sequelae of AA also have not received investigation beyond clinical observations. I hypothesized that CTLs in AA can be activated by autoantigen epitopes derived from hair follicle (HF) cells and activated CTLs may affect the viability of HF keratinocytes. Furthermore, I hypothesized the development of AA can have adverse effects on heart health and induce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes mediated in part by stress hormones. To test these hypotheses, I stimulated AA human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mouse LNCs with HF autoantigen epitope peptides. I showed that trichohyalin (TCHH) peptides induced higher frequencies of AA PBMC activation and led to keratinocyte apoptosis, while cytokeratin 16 (KRT16) peptides activate more AA mouse LNCs; both indicating the importance of keratinocyte autoantigens in AA pathogenesis. We showed that AA mice displayed significantly heavier hearts and collagen deposition in hearts compared to controls. Exposure of heart tissues to stress hormone adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) resulted in differential expression of interleukin-18 (Il18) genes and increased secretion of cardiac disease marker cardic troponin-I (cTnI). AA patients showed highest levels of cTnI compared to androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and no-hair-loss (NHL) groups. Culturing of cardiomyocytes with plasma from AA subjects with higher levels of cTnI also resulted in higher levels of apoptosis compared to cultures with plasma expressing low levels of cTnI; suggesting presence of harmful factors in the plasma. Additionally, to prove AA is a cell-mediated disease, we established a new mouse model of AA via injecting naïve C3H/HeJ mice with cultured LNCs isolated from spontaneously affected AA mice. In conclusion, AA pathogenesis is associated with higher frequencies of PBMC or LNC activation upon keratinocyte antigen epitope challenge and AA development resulted in changes in gene expression and heart morphology in mice and heart tissue remodeling markers in humans.Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Graduate
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Wendel, Caroline. "Kortikosteroider som behandling mot Alopecia Areata." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-287.
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Alopecia areata (AA) betyder fläckvis håravfall och uppstår vanligen på huvudet men även på kroppen. Det är en harmlös, reversibel, organ-specifik, autoimmun hudsjukdom som drabbar hårfolliklarna. Den autoimmuna reaktionen förmedlas av T-lymfocyter som angriper hårfolliklarna och hämmar hårväxt. Det årliga incidenstalet för både kvinnor och män är 20,2 per 100 000 personer och 1,7 % av befolkningen riskerar att drabbas någon gång under livet. Även om genetiskt anlag och miljöfaktorer, såsom emotionell stress, graviditet och tillfälliga infektioner kan utlösa sjukdomen så är den exakta orsaken fortfarande okänd. De behandlingar som finns mot AA påverkar inte den autoimmuna processen som orsakar alopecin utan syftet med dessa är att stimulera hårfolliklarna och dämpa sjukdomens aktivitet. Kortikosteroider används vid behandling mot AA, men kan ge svåra biverkningar vid långvarig behandling. De olika administrationsformer av kortikosteroider som används mot AA är främst lokala och systemiska, men även intralesionella.
Målet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka om kortikosteroider har någon effekt mot AA. Samtliga studier visade att kortikosteroider har effekt mot AA, men att risken för återfall är stor. Tre av de fem studierna visade att behandlingen gav bättre resultat hos de patienterna med mindre svår AA, kort duration och första episoden av sjukdomen. Dåliga prognostiska faktorer visade sig vara omfattande AA, lång duration, atopi, nagelinvolvering och flera episoder av sjukdomen.
En studie visade att patienter med plurifocal AA svarar bättre på behandlingen än patienter med ophiasic AA, AA totalis och AA universalis. I samtliga studier fick patienterna biverkningar av behandlingen med dessa var inte så allvarliga att patienterna fick avbryta behandlingen. Slutsatsen av detta arbete är att kortikosteroider har effekt mot AA, men att risken för återfall är stor.
2008:F3
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Silva, Flávia Machado Alves Basilio. "Alopecia permanente após transplante de medula óssea." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/45776.
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Orientador : Profª. Drª. Betina WernerCoorientador : Profª. Fabiane Mulinari-Brenner
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna. Defesa : Curitiba, 06/12/2016
Inclui referências : f. 69-73
Resumo: Alopecia permanente após transplante de medula óssea é rara, porém cada vez mais casos têm sido descritos, tipicamente envolvendo altas doses de quimioterápicos usados em regimes de condicionamento para o transplante. O bussulfano, classicamente associado a casos de alopecia irreversível, permanece relacionado aos casos recentes. A patogênese envolvida na queda dos fios ainda não está clara e há poucos estudos disponíveis. Além dos agentes quimioterápicos, outro fator que pode estar implicado como causa é a doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica. No entanto, não há ainda critérios histopatológicos e dermatoscópicos definidos para diagnóstico. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliação clínica, histológica e dermatoscópica de casos de alopecia permanente após transplante de medula óssea, identificando características de alopecia permanente como manifestação de doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica, e distinção de casos de alopecia permanente induzida por quimioterapia. Métodos: foram utilizados dados coletados de prontuários de doze pacientes, com descrição das características clínicas e revisão de lâminas e blocos de biópsias, e de dermatoscopias de couro cabeludo. Dois padrões histológicos distintos foram encontrados: o primeiro, semelhante à alopecia androgenética, não cicatricial, e outro semelhante ao líquen plano pilar, cicatricial. O primeiro padrão corrobora dados da literatura de casos de alopecia permanente induzida por agentes quimioterápicos, e o segundo é compatível com manifestação de doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica em couro cabeludo, com achados ainda não descritos histologicamente. Foram observados dois padrões dermatoscópicos, com correlação histopatológica. Os resultados contribuem para elucidação dos fatores envolvidos nestes casos. Palavras-chave: Alopecia; Quimioterapia; Quimioterapia de indução; Transplante de medula óssea
Abstract: Permanent alopecia after bone marrow transplantation is rare, but a myriad of cases have been described, typically involving high doses of chemotherapeutic agents used in the conditioning regimen for the transplant. Busulfan, classically described in cases of irreversible alopecia, remains associated in recent cases. The pathogenesis involved in hair loss is not clear and there are few studies available. In addition to chemotherapeutic agents, another factor that has been implicated as a cause is chronic graft-versus-host disease. However, there are no histopathological and dermoscopic criteria for defining diagnosis yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical, histological and dermoscopic aspects in cases of permanent alopecia after bone marrow transplantation, identifying features of permanent alopecia as a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease, and distinguish from cases of permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Data were collected from medical records of 12 patients, with description of the clinical features and review of glass slides and paraffin blocks of biopsies, and scalp dermoscopies. Two distinct histological patterns were found: the first one similar to androgenetic alopecia, nonscarring pattern, and another similar to lichen planopilaris, scarring alopecia. The first pattern corroborates the literature cases of permanent alopecia induced by chemotherapeutic agents, and the second is compatible with manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease on scalp, with findings that have not been described yet. Two dermoscopic patterns were observed, with histopathologic correlation. The results contribute to the elucidation of the factors involved in these cases. Keywords: Alopecia; Bone marrow transplantation; Drug therapy; Induction Chemotherapy
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Olsen, E. A., M. K. Hordinsky, V. H. Price, J. L. Roberts, J. Shapiro, D. Canfield, M. Duvic, et al. "Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines ¿ part ii." American Academy of Dermatology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4042.
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noAlopecia areata is an immunologically mediated disease characterized by extreme variability not only in the time of initial onset of hair loss but in the duration, extent and pattern of hair loss during any given episode of active loss. These variables, as well as the unpredictable nature of spontaneous regrowth and lack of a uniform response to various therapies, has made clinical trials in alopecia areata difficult to plan and implement. In fact, there are currently no drugs FDA-approved specifically for the indication of alopecia areata. To help facilitate well-controlled clinical trials for alopecia areata, this National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF) sponsored subgroup of investigators/clinicians experienced in clinical trials and/or in the clinical care of patients with alopecia areata has outlined some general principles and potential endpoints for clinical studies in alopecia areata. These guidelines build on the Alopecia Areata Investigational Assessment Guidelines published in 1991 which established baseline clinical staging and background information important to gather on any alopecia areata patient involved in clinical research.
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Kolivras, Athanassios. "Immunohistochemistry in the histopathological diagnosis of primary scalp alopecia." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238160.
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Primary scalp alopecia is classically divided into cicatricial (scarring) and non-cicatricial (non-scarring). Challenging cases are assessed with a scalp biopsy. The use of both horizontal and vertical sections (HoVert sections) has dramatically improved the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis. In this work, we have used immunostaining to address diagnostic difficulties, which persist despite all currently available tools. We performed an immunostain panel (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20) in order to distinguish pattern hair loss from alopecia aerate in cases which do not have the usual peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrate and showed that CD3+ T-lymphocytes within the empty fibrous follicular tracts favor a diagnosis of alopecia areata. We performed CD123 in order to distinguish lichen planopilaris from alopecia lupus erythematosus in cases with only a superficial lymphocytic infiltrate and an uninvolved interfollicular epidermis and showed that clusters of CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells favor a diagnosis of lupus erythematosus. We performed cytokeratin 15 in order to assess whether the loss of the follicular bulge stem cells has diagnostic value in cicatricial alopecia and demonstrated that the loss of cytokeratin 15+ bulge stem cells is identified in lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and lupus erythematous, so cytokeratin 15 has no diagnostic value. We have attempted to integrate the new concepts and our findings into the traditional classifications of alopecia and proposed a new diagnostic algorithm. In conclusion, immunostaining combined with HoVert grossing advances the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis of primary scalp alopecia.L’alopécie primitive du cuir chevelu est habituellement classée en cicatricielle et non-cicatricielle. Dans les cas difficiles, la biopsie du cuir chevelu peut aider au diagnostic. L’utilisation de coupes, à la fois verticales et horizontales sur le même spécimen (technique HoVert), a radicalement amélioré le diagnostic histopathologique. Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé l’immunohistochimie pour évaluer les difficultés diagnostiques qui persistent malgré tous les outils actuels. Nous avons utilisé les CD3, CD4, CD8 et CD20 pour différencier l’alopécie androgénique de la pelade dépourvue de l’infiltrat lymphocytaire péribulbaire habituel et nous avons démontré que la présence de lymphocytes CD3+ dans les travées folliculaires fibreuses est en faveur de la pelade. Nous avons utilisé le CD123 pour différencier le lichen plan pilaire du lupus érythémateux alopécie avec infiltrat lymphocytaire superficiel et sans atteinte de l’épiderme interfolliculaire et nous avons démontré que la présence d’amas de cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes CD123+ est en faveur du lupus érythémateux. Nous avons utilisé la cytokératine 15 pour évaluer si la perte des cellules souches du bulge a une valeur diagnostique dans l’alopécie cicatricielle et nous avons démontré que cette perte s’observait de manière identique dans le lichen plan pilaire, l’alopécie frontale fibrosante comme dans le lupus érythémateux et n’avait donc aucune valeur diagnostique. Nous avons tenté d’intégrer les nouveaux concepts et nos données dans les classifications traditionnelles des alopécies et nous avons élaboré un nouvel algorithme diagnostique. L’association des immunomarquages avec la technique HoVert ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans le diagnostic histopathologique des alopécies primaires du cuir chevelu.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Funabashi, Marcia Yuri. "Alopecia areata no caso Flora: uma investigação psicopatológica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15477.
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-31Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A investigação psicanalítica das manifestações somáticas levanta o enigma acerca da sua causalidade psíquica ao apostar na associação entre as vicissitudes destas doenças e questões da subjetividade. O tema desta dissertação retoma este impasse a partir da construção psicopatológica no caso Flora. Flora procura análise com a demanda de um saber sobre a alopecia areata universal, manifestação somática que rompeu com a sua lógica, deixando-a num completo desamparo. Ao tecer uma construção simbólica em torno da doença, Flora vai nos revelando a especificidade deste fenômeno. O conteúdo desta dissertação é uma mostra possível de um trabalho de elaboração em busca da palavra representativa do vivido na clínica. A construção metapsicológica resultante desta trajetória segue o pensamento da psicopatologia fundamental, sendo um produto de inúmeras reformulações promovidas pela escuta clínica e pelo constante diálogo com a teoria freudiana, de seus contemporâneos e com o discurso médico. Ao longo deste percurso de pesquisa, o estudo sobre a topologia lacaniana produziu um sentido na vivência clínica, ao sustentar que o corpo se estrutura a partir da articulação dos registros real, simbólico e imaginário, estabelecendo uma lógica precisa. Sendo assim, encontramos neste pensamento um eixo teórico para a compreensão da alopecia areata no caso Flora, através da investigação da estrutura presente nesta manifestação somática. A fim de alcançarmos uma maior compreensão acerca desta topologia de Lacan, realizamos uma releitura da metapsicologia freudiana, buscando resgatar idéias que deram subsídios para a proposta lacaniana. Com isso, juntamente com o retorno a Freud, avançamos com a posição de Lacan
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Leite, Júnior Ademir Carvalho. "O sofrimento em mulheres com alopecia fibrosante frontal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20498.
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Frontal fibrosing alopecia (AFF) is a primary cicatricial alopecia that was described in 1994. It predominantly affects women, most often in menopause. Studies have shown that alopecias, in general, may have stress as a trigger and maintenance factor. Regarding cicatricial alopecia, especially AFF, the relevance of these factors was little studied, however, studies suggest that stressful events may be associated with the onset of alopecia conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relevance of suffering as a stressful event as a possible triggering factor for AFF patients. To perform this evaluation a socio-demographic form, a quality of life inventory in Dermatology (DQLI) and a semi-structured interview was held in a single meeting with the research volunteers. The 12 volunteers in the study present life stories with intense reports of frustration, impotence, insecurity, loss, shame and loneliness. DQLI, used to assess the impact of AFF on the life of the volunteers, was consistent with the observations made by them, that the disease accompanies a high degree of stress and suffering
A Alopecia Fibrosante Frontal (AFF) é uma alopecia cicatricial primária que foi descrita em 1994. Acomete predominantemente mulheres, na maior parte das vezes na menopausa. Estudos mostram que as alopecias, em geral, podem ter como fator causal e de manutenção o estresse. Sobre as alopecias cicatriciais, em especial a AFF, a relevância destes fatores foi pouco estudada, ainda assim, estudos sugerem que eventos estressantes podem estar associados ao surgimento de alopecias. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a relevância do sofrimento tendo o evento estressante como possível fator desencadeante de quadros de AFF. Para realizar esta avaliação um formulário sociodemográfico, um inventário de qualidade de vida em dermatologia (DQLI) e uma entrevista semiestruturada serão realizados em encontro único com os participantes da pesquisa. As doze voluntárias do estudo apresentam histórias de vida com intensos relatos de frustrações, impotência, insegurança, perdas, vergonha e solidão. O DQLI, utilizado para avaliação do impacto da AFF, na vida das voluntárias, foi coerente com as observações feitas pelas mesmas, de que a doença acompanha elevado grau de estresse e sofrimento
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Barradas, Fernanda Rodrigues. "Clínica de animais de companhia e de grande porte." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19581.
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O presente relatório descreve as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do estágio curricular que decorreu no Hospital Veterinário de Leiria, com a duração de seis meses e sob a orientação do Dr Ricardo Alves. Este encontra-se dividido em duas partes, referindo-se a primeira à casuística acompanhada ao longo do estágio, em que a área com maior representatividade é a clínica médica e a segunda parte consiste numa revisão bibliográfica referente ao tema “ Demodicose canina”. Finalmente segue-se a apresentação de casos clínicos acompanhados no âmbito do tema referido.
A demodicose é uma patologia dermatológica causada pela proliferação anormal do ácaro Demodex spp nos folículos pilosos associada a uma desregulação do sistema imunitário. Esta patologia pode manifestar-se de forma localizada ou generalizada e ocorrer tanto em jovens como adultos, sendo mais frequente nos jovens e nos adultos é geralmente associada á existência simultânea de doença imunossupressora; Abstract:
Clinic of company animal and large animals
This report describes the internship that took place at the Hospital Veterinário de Leiria for a period of six months, under the guidance of Dr. Ricardo Alves. This report is divided in two sections, the first one refers to the followed clinical cases during the practice internship,in which the most representative area is the medical clinic, and the second part consist of a literature review on the “Canine Demodicosis”, finally followed by presentation of clinical cases followed under that theme.
The demodicosis is a skin disease caused by the abnormal proliferation of Demodex spp mite in hair follicles associated with a dysregulation of the immune system. This disorder can manifest it self in localized or generalized forms and occurs in both young and adults, being more frequent in young pets and adults is usually associated simultaneous with other forms of immunosuppressive disease
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Hamed, Nagy. "Investigating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of alopecia areata." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20611/.
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Kleinhans, Andr?ia Cristina dos Santos. "Stress e raiva em mulheres com alopecia androgen?tica." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2012. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/289.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-24Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas
A Androgenic Alopecia (AA) is characterized by progressive hair loss and thinning and it may start at any age. It is identified as a genetically determine case, in which androgenic steroid hormones play a role. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of its possible association between stress and feelings of anger, in a sample of 20 diagnosed with AA, patients at a dermatology clinic in Curitiba. The instruments utilized for data collections were: identification sheet; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which had the function of verifying the level of discomfort to the problem; Lipp s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI); and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Data analysis was both quantitative and qualitative. For responses obtained from LSSI and STAXI, the tables and norms from their respective manuals were utilized. The analysis of the answers obtained from the question was performed according to Bardin. The results show that 85% of individuals in the sample, (n=17), presented stress. Most women with stress were in the resistance phase 55% (n=11) whereas, 15% (n= 3) were at the almost exhaustion stage, 10% (n=2) where at the exhaustion phase and only 5% (n=1) was at the alert phase, in accordance with the LSSI. In agreement with STAXI, a higher score was observed for the internal anger factor, with an average percentage of 56 (standard deviation of 18), whereas for the external anger factor, such percentage was 18 (standard deviation of 21). An important association between anger expression and the presence of stress was found (p= 0.03). There was no association between the analogue visual scale and stress. Considering the number of participants with stress and the tendency of directing anger outwardly, in addition to a high percentage for internal anger in participants of this research, there is a necessity of further studies involving psychological treatment for stress and an adequate anger management.
A Alopecia Androgen?tica (AA) ? caracterizada pela perda e afinamento progressivo dos cabelos e, pode surgir em qualquer idade. ? identificada como um quadro geneticamente determinado com a participa??o dos horm?nios ester?ides andr?genos. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a exist?ncia de poss?veis associa??es entre o stress e o sentimento de raiva, de uma amostra de 20 mulheres com diagn?stico m?dico para (AA), pacientes de uma cl?nica de Dermatologia em Curitiba. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: ficha de identifica??o; Escala Anal?gica Visual (EVA), cuja fun??o, foi verificar o n?vel de desconforto frente ao problema; Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL); Invent?rio de Express?o de Raiva como Estado e Tra?o (STAXI). A an?lise dos dados foi quantitativa e qualitativa. Para respostas obtidas a partir do ISSL e do STAXI utilizaram-se as tabelas e normas dos respectivos manuais. A an?lise das respostas obtidas a partir da pergunta foi realizada de acordo com Bardin. Os resultados apontaram que 85% do total da amostra, (n=17), apresentaram stress. A maioria das mulheres com stress estavam na fase de resist?ncia 55% (n=11) enquanto, 15% (n= 3) encontravam-se em quase exaust?o, 10% (n=2) na fase de exaust?o e apenas 5% (n=1) apresentou-se na fase de alerta segundo o ISSL. De acordo com o STAXI observou-se um escore superior para o fator de raiva para dentro com percentil m?dio de 56 para o fator (desvio-padr?o de 18), ao passo que para o fator raiva para fora, o percentil m?dio foi 18 (desvio-padr?o 21). Uma importante associa??o entre a express?o da raiva para fora e a presen?a de stress foi encontrada (p= 0.03). N?o houve associa??o entre a escala anal?gica visual e stress. Levando-se em considera??o o n?mero de participantes com stress e tend?ncia em direcionar a raiva para fora, al?m do alto percentil de raiva para dentro das participantes dessa pesquisa, atenta-se para a necessidade de outros estudos que envolvam o tratamento psicol?gico para o stress e o adequado manejo da raiva.
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Davies, Paul Gorton. "Androgenetic alopecia : a possible treatment and a relationship with hair greying : assessment of the herbal mixture Xiantene for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and a relationship between early hair greying and the progression of androgenetic alopecia." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5324.
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Hair plays an important role in human social and sexual communication. The androgen-stimulated, patterned loss of hair in cases of androgenetic alopecia (or common baldness) in genetically pre-disposed individuals, is associated with ageing and can cause marked phychological distress. However, it is poorly controlled. To investigate the effectiveness of daily topical application of a Chinese medicine-derived herbal mixture, Xiantene, on balding progression, two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (3 and 12 months) were carried out on balding men using the trichogram approach. Xiantene significantly increased both the total number of hairs and those in anagen, improving the ratio of anagen:telogen hairs. This suggests that topical Xiantene increased the length of the anagen phase and may promote a cessation, or partial reversal, of the progression of androgenetic alopecia in men. Canities, loss of scalp hair colour, is another mark of ageing. To investigate whether early greying may protect follicles from androgenetic alopecia, the extent of alopecia, assessed using the Hamilton scale, was compared between men who first became grey before, or after, 30. Both alopecia and greying increased with age in 843 men (217 European, 626 Thai) whenever they first started greying. However, men who showed greying before 30 were significantly less bald, though more grey, in both groups. Hair follicle melanocytes synthesise the pigment melanin, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress; losing melanocyte pigmentary activity, and therefore these toxic factors, appears to enable hair follicles to maintain their full size for longer, despite the androgen drive to miniaturisation.
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Davies, Paul G. "Androgenetic alopecia: a possible treatment and a relationship with hair greying. Assessment of the herbal mixture Xiantene for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and a relationship between early hair greying and the progression of androgenetic alopecia." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5324.
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Hair plays an important role in human social and sexual communication. The
androgen-stimulated, patterned loss of hair in cases of androgenetic
alopecia (or common baldness) in genetically pre-disposed individuals, is
associated with ageing and can cause marked phychological distress.
However, it is poorly controlled. To investigate the effectiveness of daily
topical application of a Chinese medicine-derived herbal mixture, Xiantene,
on balding progression, two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (3 and
12 months) were carried out on balding men using the trichogram approach.
Xiantene significantly increased both the total number of hairs and those in
anagen, improving the ratio of anagen:telogen hairs. This suggests that
topical Xiantene increased the length of the anagen phase and may promote
a cessation, or partial reversal, of the progression of androgenetic alopecia
in men.
Canities, loss of scalp hair colour, is another mark of ageing. To investigate
whether early greying may protect follicles from androgenetic alopecia, the
extent of alopecia, assessed using the Hamilton scale, was compared
between men who first became grey before, or after, 30. Both alopecia and
greying increased with age in 843 men (217 European, 626 Thai) whenever
they first started greying. However, men who showed greying before 30
were significantly less bald, though more grey, in both groups. Hair follicle
melanocytes synthesise the pigment melanin, producing reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and oxidative stress; losing melanocyte pigmentary activity,
and therefore these toxic factors, appears to enable hair follicles to maintain
their full size for longer, despite the androgen drive to miniaturisation.Tri-Mill Charitable Trust, Global Beauty International Management Ltd.
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Приходько, Ж. И., and Б. Н. Бабий. "Алопеция - современные особенности клиники и лечения." Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 1997. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24743.
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Barekatain, Armin. "Disease mechanisms in the C3H/HeJ Mouse Model of Alopecia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4063.
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Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of hair follicles manifesting as
patchy areas of hair loss on the scalp and body. Development of AA is associated with
pen- and intra-follicular inflammation of anagen stage hair follicles, primarily by CD4+
and CD8+ cells. We hypothesized that if cell-mediated cytotoxicy against hair follicles is
to be a component of the hair loss disease mechanism, increased expression of genes and
products typical of cytotoxic cells, as well as increased apoptosis activity within affected
hair follicles, would be expected to occur in the lesional skin compared to the normal
skin. Furthermore, we studied gene expression levels of multiple cytokines and
characteristic chemokines, using the C3FI/HeJ mouse model of AA. mRNA expression
levels of granzyme A, granzyme B, perform Fas, Fas ligand, TNF-cL, TNF-aRl and R2,
TRAIL, TRAILR, TRAMP, Thi-, Th2-, and Th17-associated cytokines, as well as
multiple chemokines were compared between the skin, draining lymph nodes, thymus
and spleens of normal and AA-affected mice using quantitative reverse transcriptase
PCR. FasL, granzyme A, granzyme B, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were all
highly up-regulated in the skin of AA-affected mice. Immunohistochemical studies of the
skin revealed that, although greater numbers of granzyme B and FasL expressing cells
were present in AA affected skin, the cells were morphologically diffusely distributed
and not exclusively located within the focal pen- and intrafollicular infiltrate. The
majority of these cells were further characterized as mast cells, which were also found in
substantially greater numbers in the skin of mice with AA compared to their normal
haired controls. Almost no perform expressing cells were identified in AA affected
mouse skin and TUNEL staining suggested relatively limited apoptosis activity in hair
follicle keratinocytes. In conclusion, while granzymes and FasL may play important roles
in disease development, the profiles and patterns of expression are not consistent with
direct cell-mediated cytotoxic action against the follicular epithelium in chronic mouse
AA. Potentially, hair growth inhibiting cytokines may play a more dominant role in AA
development than previously thought. Furthermore, mast cells, with their increased
presence around hair follicles in the AA affected mouse skin and their ability to express
granzyme B and FasL, are suggested as potential key players in the pathogenesis of AA.
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Souza, Fernanda Mesquita, and 92-98250-7345. "Desenvolvimento de microemulsão contendo minoxidil para o tratamento da alopecia." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5772.
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The topical treatment usually used to combat hair loss is the daily application of minoxidil lotion (MX) (2 to 5%) directly to the scalp. However, pruritus, dryness, scaling of the scalp and contact dermatitis are adverse effects caused by the presence of propylene glycol and ethanol, constituents of the topical MX solution. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize microemulsion systems containing MX in concentrations equal and superior to those available in the market, free of ethanol and propylene glycol. The selection of the oil phase to compose the microemulsion systems occurred by quantifying the solubilized minoxidil in each oil by UV-vis spectrophotometry. For the selection of the surfactant, cosurfactant and the cosurfactant / surfactant ratio (C / T), it was necessary to construct pseudoternary phase diagrams by the titration method. In the selection of the diagram and the points for the preparation of the formulations, it was prioritized to obtain oil-in-water (O / W) type systems with the lowest possible surfactant / cosurfactant amounts. Another determining factor was the amount of MX incorporated. Each formulation was prepared by adding powdered MX to the microemulsion (ME). All formulations were characterized as droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), transmittance, pH, zeta potential, refractive index (IR), conductivity, viscosity and amount of drug incorporated. The oleic acid was the oil phase that presented the highest amount of solubilized MX (211 ± 3.57 mg / mL) and was therefore chosen for the construction of the pseudoternary phase diagrams. After the construction and analysis of the diagrams, the Tween® 20 surfactant together with the 1,2-hexanediol co-surfactant were selected in the 1: 1 C / T ratio. In total, six formulations were prepared containing 2, 5, 8, 9 and 10% MX. The droplet size in these formulations ranged from 25.33 to 151.63 nm. The PDI is 0.256 to 0.398, indicating that the droplet distribution is monodisperse. The transmittance varied between 96.8 and 99.6%, and the refractive index, from 1.403 to 1.4551, evidencing the transparent nature of these formulations. The measured pH was between 5.3 and 5.89, compatible with the pH of the scalp and the stability of the MX. The MEs exhibited Newtonian flow with low viscosity average, between 23.27 and 95.16 cP, characteristic of these systems. The use of a nonionic surfactant resulted in a zeta potential near zero (-1.08 to 0.023). Considering that the MEs were obtained with the use of a predominantly hydrophilic surfactant and water content higher than that of oil, all developed formulations were considered as water in oil (A / O) (conductivity 29.8 to 91.8 μS / Cm). The drug content in the formulations ranged from 96.10 to 101.31%, confirming that the MX added to each formulation was effectively solubilized by the microemulsified system. The amount of drug dosed in the formulations was 20.80 to 100.44 mg / mL, which is equivalent respectively to the nominal value of 2 and 5%, which is the concentration of minoxidil found in the commercial formulations, and higher, To 10%. Thanks to the introduction of MX in oleic acid, the removal of propylene glycol and ethanol was possible. The development of formulations without these adjuvants are of great importance for the adhesion of patients who abandon treatment due to the appearance of adverse reactions to these constituents.
O tratamento tópico usualmente empregado para o combate à queda de cabelos é a aplicação diária de loção de minoxidil (MX) (2 a 5%) diretamente no couro cabeludo. Entretanto, prurido, ressecamento, descamação do couro cabeludo e dermatite de contato são efeitos adversos ocasionados pela presença de propilenoglicol e etanol, constituintes da solução tópica de MX. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e caracterizar sistemas microemulsionados contendo MX em concentrações iguais e superiores às disponíveis em mercado, livres de etanol e propilenoglicol. A seleção da fase oleosa para compor os sistemas microemulsionados ocorreu mediante a quantificação do minoxidil solubilizado em cada óleo, por espectrofotometria UV-vis. Para a seleção do tensoativo, cotensoativo e da razão cotensoativo/tensoativo (C/T) foi necessária a construção de diagramas de fases pseudoternários, pelo método de titulação. Na seleção do diagrama e dos pontos para o preparo das formulações foi priorizada a obtenção de sistemas do tipo óleo em água (O/A) com quantidades de tensoativo/cotensoativo mais baixas possíveis. Outro fator determinante foi a quantidade de MX incorporada. Cada formulação foi preparada pela adição do MX em pó à microemulsão (ME). Todas as formulações foram caracterizadas quanto tamanho de gotícula, índice de polidispersão (PDI), transmitância, pH, potencial zeta, índice de refração (IR), condutividade, viscosidade e quantidade de fármaco incorporada. O ácido oleico foi a fase oleosa que apresentou a maior quantidade de MX solubilizado (211 ± 3,57 mg/mL) sendo, por este motivo, escolhido para a construção dos diagramas de fases pseudoternários. Após a construção e análise dos diagramas, o tensoativo Tween® 20 juntamente com o cotensoativo 1,2-hexanediol foram selecionados, na razão C/T 1:1. Ao total, seis formulações foram preparadas contendo 2, 5, 8, 9 e 10% de MX. O tamanho de gotícula nestas formulações variou de 25,33 a 151,63 nm. O PDI, de 0,256 a 0,398, indicando que a distribuição de gotículas é monodispersa. A transmitância variou entre 96,8 e 99,6%, e o índice de refração, de 1,403 a 1,4551, evidenciando a natureza transparente destas formulações. O pH medido ficou entre 5,3 e 5,89, compatível com o pH do couro cabeludo e o de estabilidade do MX. As MEs exibiram fluxo newtoniano com média de viscosidade baixa, entre 23,27 a 95,16 cP, característica destes sistemas. O uso de um tensoativo não-iônico resultou em um potencial zeta próximo de zero (-1,08 a 0,023). Considerando que as MEs foram obtidas com o uso de um tensoativo predominantemente hidrofílico e teor de água superior ao de óleo, todas as formulações desenvolvidas foram consideradas do tipo água em óleo (A/O) (condutividade 29,8 a 91,8 μS/cm). O teor de fármaco nas formulações variou de 96,10 a 101,31%, confirmando que o MX acrescido a cada formulação foi efetivamente solubilizado pelo sistema microemulsionado. A quantidade de fármaco doseada nas formulações foi de 20,80 a 100,44 mg/mL, o que equivale, respectivamente, ao valor nominal de 2 e 5%, que é a concentração de minoxidil encontrada nas formulações comerciais, e superiores, 8 a 10%. Graças a veiculação do MX no ácido oleico, a retirada do propilenoglicol e etanol foi possível. O desenvolvimento de formulações sem estes adjuvantes são de suma importância para a adesão de pacientes que abandonam o tratamento em decorrência do surgimento de reações adversas a estes constituintes.
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Fatema, Jafari, and Bayle Samira. "Kvinnors upplevelse av alopeci till följd av kemoterapi : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44105.
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Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor och den näst vanligaste orsaken till död av cancer hos alla kvinnor. Kemoterapi är den viktigaste behandlingen för många maligna tumörer, men förutom deras fördelaktiga resultat orsakar de också relaterad toxicitet och biverkningar. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur kvinnor med bröstcancer upplever alopeci till följd av kemoterapi. Det induktiva tillvägagångssättet användes då fokus låg på att förstå mänsklig erfarenhet inom det utvalda området genom att samla fakta. Med hjälp av innehållsanalys analyserades tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Litteraturstudiens resultat presenteras i fem kategorier: alopeci-synen på sig själv, alopeci-andras reaktioner, vikten av att få information om alopeci, strategier för hantering av alopeci, omgivnings betydelse. I resultat framkom att alopeci är en traumatisk upplevelse för de flesta bröstcancerpatienter. Alopeci orsakade en minskning av självkänslan bland kvinnor och ett ökat missnöje med utseendet. Något som också hade en negativ effekt på kvinnor i förhållande till alopeci var att de upplevde att deras identitet förändrades till ”cancerpatient”.Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women and the second most common cause of death in cancer among women. Chemotherapy is the most important treatment for many malignant tumors, but in addition to their results, they also cause related toxicity and side effects. The purpose of the literature study was to shed light on how women with breast cancer experience alopecia as a result of chemotherapy. The inductive approach was used when the focus was on understanding human experience in the selected area by gathering facts. With the help of content analysis, ten qualitative scientific articles were analyzed. The result of the literature study is presented in five categories: the alopecia view of oneself, the reactions of alopecia by others, the importance of getting information about alopecia, strategies for managing alopecia, the significance of the environment. The results showed that alopecia is a traumatic experience for most breast cancer patients. Alopecia caused a decrease in self-esteem among women and increased dissatisfaction with appearance. Something that also had a negative effect on women in relation to alopecia was that they experienced that their identity was changed to "cancer patient".
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Barcaui, Carlos Baptista. ""Células-tronco foliculares na alopecia difusa não-cicatricial de pacientes HIV positivos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-07082006-101357/.
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A alopecia difusa não-cicatricial (ADNC) acomete 7% dos pacientes HIV positivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os achados histológicos e imunohistoquímicos (citoqueratina 19/TUNEL e caspase 3 clivada) em cortes transversais de couro cabeludo de 15 pacientes HIV-1 positivos com ADNC e de 12 controles sadios. A apoptose de células tronco-foliculares e amplificadoras transitórias na protuberância folicular foi demonstrada pela dupla marcação TUNEL/CK19 em 80% dos casos e em 25% dos controles e, pelo anticorpo anti-caspase 3 clivada em 61% dos casos e 16% dos controles. Não houve correlação entre a incidência de apoptose e o grau de imunodeficiência dentre os casosSeven percent of HIV positive patients present diffuse non-cicatricial alopecia (DNCA). The aim of this study was to compare the histological and the immunohistochemical (cytokeratin 19/TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3) findings in transverse scalp sections of 15 HIV-1 positive patients with DNCA and 12 healthy controls. Follicular stem and transit amplifying cells apoptosis in the bulge was demonstrated by double labeling TUNEL/CK19 in 80% of cases and 25% of controls, and by the anti-cleaved caspase 3 antibody in 61% of cases and 16% of the controls. There was no relation between the incidence of apoptosis and the degree of immunodeficiency among cases
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Brand, Anna Maria [Verfasser]. "Vitamin-D-Status bei Alopecia areata : eine Metaanalyse / Anna Maria Brand." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225740967/34.
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REIS, Ana Paula Alonso. "Alopecia : cotidiano da mulher com câncer de mama em tratamento quimioterápico." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/328.
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Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido no Hospital Regional do Câncer de Passos, que teve como objetivo compreender o significado da alopecia para mulheres com câncer de mama, em tratamento quimioterápico, utilizando como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico e, como metodológico, a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. O projeto de pesquisa foi encaminhado ao CEP da UNIFAL-MG, sendo aprovado conforme parecer nº 478.376. Foi realizada entrevista com treze mulheres, que tinham diagnóstico de câncer de mama e estavam em tratamento quimioterápico adjuvante que apresentasse como evento adverso a alopecia. A questão norteadora da entrevista foi: “Como tem sido para você a queda do cabelo e dos pelos do corpo durante o tratamento?”. Através desta pergunta, obtivemos os dados que, após a análise, permitiram a criação de dois diagramas: 1- Reconhecendo o novo corpo: refere-se às consequências do tratamento quimioterápico e às estratégias de enfrentamento da mulher perante a alopecia. 2- Descobrindo Redes de Apoio para enfrentar a alopecia: refere-se às instituições de apoio que fortalecem a mulher para o enfrentamento da doença e das consequências do tratamento quimioterápico, como a alopecia. A categoria central foi denominada como “A alopecia da mulher no câncer de mama: entendendo nas estratégias de enfrentamento da doença”. Essa categoria permitiu que afirmássemos que a alopecia e considerada o pior momento do tratamento e que a queda dos cabelos e da sobrancelha tem efeito depressivo nas mulheres, pois elas além de estar fisicamente debilitadas, têm que refazer a construção do seu self, além de estar sofrendo a pressão da sociedade que as vê com doentes. As interações humanas estiveram presentes no desenrolar de cada fase da vivência da alopecia e no enfrentamento da situação, sendo que o modo como a mulher enfrenta a alopecia possui analogia com as relações humanas e com o que é culturalmente imposto pela sociedade. Os dados permitiram verificar que o significado dado à perda do cabelo e de pelos é individual e chamou a atenção que os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos a orientar as mulheres nesse momento em que a alopecia está ocorrendo, pois esse evento tras implicações para a na vida das mesmas.This is a qualitative study, developed in the Cancer Regional Hospital of Passos, aimed at understand the meaning of alopecia for women with breast cancer under chemotherapy, using Symbolic Interactionism as theory reference and Data Based Theory as methodological reference. The research project was sent to CEP of UNIFAL-MG, approved by number 478.376. There were interviews with thirteen women who had breast cancer diagnosis and were under adjuvant chemotherapy treatment, showing alopecia as an adverse event. The guided question for the interview was: “How is it for you losing hair and body hair during this treatment?” Through this question, we obtained data that after its analysis, it was possible to create two diagrams: 1- Recognizing the new body: about the consequences of chemotherapy treatment and women´s coping strategies against alopecia. 2- Discovering Support Networks for alopecia coping: about support institutions helping women with the disease and the consequences of chemotherapy with alopecia. The main category was called as “Alopecia in women´s breast cancer: understanding the coping strategies for the disease”. This category stated that alopecia is considered the worst moment of treatment and hair losing and eyebrows losing having a depressive effect in women, because besides being physically weaken, they have to rebuild their self, in addition to being suffering society pressure seeing them as sick women. Human interactions were present in all phases of alopecia and coping situations, and how women face alopecia has an analogy between human relationships and what is culturally imposed by the society. Data helped to verify the hair and hair body losing meaning as individual and it was observed that the health professionals should be alert to guide women when alopecia occurs, because this event brings implications in their lives.
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Ramos, Paulo Müller. "Minoxidil 1 mg oral versus minoxidil 5% tópico para tratamento da alopecia de padrão feminino ensaio clínico randomizado /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191018.
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Orientador: Helio Amante MiotResumo: Introdução: Minoxidil tópico é o único medicamento com aprovação pelo FDA (Food and Drug Administration) para tratamento da alopecia de padrão feminino (APF). Muitas pacientes interrompem o tratamento prematuramente devido a falta de eficácia, intolerância ou por alteração na textura dos fios de cabelo. Minoxidil oral mostrou-se efetivo para tratamento da APF em estudo não controlado. Objetivo: Comparar eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade do minoxidil 1 mg oral uma vez ao dia versus minoxidil 5% solução tópica uma vez ao dia no tratamento da APF. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, paralelo, comparativo, avaliador cego com duração de 24 semanas conduzido em um único centro de janeiro de 2017 a março de 2018 incluindo 52 mulheres (18-65 anos) com APF. Participantes foram randomizadas para receber minoxidil oral 1 mg ao dia ou minoxidil 5% tópico uma vez ao dia. O desfecho primário foi a variação na densidade de fios na área alvo. Desfechos secundários: variação na densidade de fios terminais na área alvo, escore na avaliação fotográfica panorâmica por avaliadores cegos, variação no escore da escala de queda, variação no escore do Women's Androgenetic Alopecia Quality of Life Questionnaire (WAA-QoL). Resultados: Participantes de ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na densidade de fios na área alvo (p<0,01), porém, sem diferença entre os grupos (p=0,09): oral 12% (IC95%: 8,0 – 16,1%) e tópico 7,2% (IC95%: 1,5 - 12,9%). Houve melhora na densidade de fios terminais: oral 6... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Topical minoxidil is the only FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved drug for female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Many patients discontinue treatment prematurely due to lack of efficacy, intolerance or altered hair texture. Oral minoxidil was effective for FPHL in uncontrolled studies. Objectives: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of once-daily treatment with 1 mg oral minoxidil versus once-daily 5% minoxidil solution applied topically for FPHL. Methods: A 24-week, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel, two-arm comparative, evaluator-blinded study conducted in a single center from January 2017 through March 2018 including 52 women (18-65 years old) with FPHL. Participants were randomly assigned to receive once daily minoxidil 1 mg orally or once a day minoxidil 5% solution applied topically. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in hair density from a target area at week 24. Secondary endpoints were change in terminal hair density, global photographic assessment by three group-blinded evaluators, hair shedding score, and the Women's Androgenetic Alopecia Quality of Life Questionnaire (WAA-QoL). Results: Participants of both groups had improvement of hair density in the target area (p<0.01), without difference between the groups (p=0.09): oral 12% (CI95%: 8.0- 16.1%) and topical 7,2% (CI95%: 1.5-12.9%). There was improvement on terminal hair density: oral 6% (IC95%: 2.9 – 8.6%) and topical 2,7% (IC95%: -1.4 – 6.8%), with no differ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Bahta, Adam W. "Characterization of senescence responsive proteins in dermal papilla cells and androgenetic alopecia." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503097.
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West, Emma Kuliana. "Bald truths : living and coming to terms with alopecia areata hair loss." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537953.
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This research set out to enhance our understanding of what it means to live with hair loss diagnosed as alopecia areata (AA), exploring how individuals adapted over time. This was achieved through depth interview with 33 persons (19 women; 14 men) living with various levels of hair loss severity and duration. There is a growing body of quantitative evidence indicating that the condition can be emotionally, psychologically and socially devastating. This investigation explored the issue qualitatively, directly from the perspectives of those affected, so as to gain a fuller perspective on negative outcomes for men and women. Results revealed how a great deal of uncertainty accompanied the early AA career and much effort was invested as individuals attempted to make sense of their experiences and exert control over the condition. As hair loss worsened and physical appearance became increasingly `different', questions of identity and self came to the fore, causing those affected to feel that the essence of their personhood was under threat. Over time some adapted more successfully than others, although those most zealous in their efforts to keep it hidden from others undoubtedly led the most restricted lives. Both men and women expressed negative feelings about their hair loss, particularly from the head and around the eyes. However, there were also clear gender differences in meanings according to hair loss in particular body areas. Moreover, women invested more in `normalising' their appearance. I have argued that simplistic assumptions regarding the heightened threat for women undermine the gravity for men and contribute towards the difficulty many men experience in seeking and gaining support. This research represents a preliminary step towards a fuller understanding of the experience of living with AA. It is anticipated that these findings will enable professionals to improve the planning and delivery of health care for A. A.
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Iorizzo, Matilde <1975>. "The role of scalp dermoscopy in the diagnosis of alopecia areata incognita." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1065/1/Tesi_Iorizzo_Matilde.pdf.
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Iorizzo, Matilde <1975>. "The role of scalp dermoscopy in the diagnosis of alopecia areata incognita." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1065/.
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Gelfuso, Guilherme Martins. "Desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação para a administração tópica passiva e iontoforética do minoxidil no tratamento da alopecia androgênica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-24122009-113337/.
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Diante da hipótese de que micropartículas poliméricas podem atravessar a barreira epidérmica através da rota transfolicular, e baseado na evidência de que a iontoforese é um método que consegue direcionar a liberação de fármacos para os folículos pilosos, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar in vitro a permeação cutânea do minoxidil sulfato (MXS), fármaco utilizado no tratamento da alopecia androgênica, tanto em sua forma microencapsulada como não encapsulada utilizando ou não a iontoforese, na tentativa de aumentar, controlar e direcionar a sua liberação tópica para o folículo piloso. O MXS foi primeiramente incorporado em um gel hidrofílico contendo 2,0% (m/m) do ativo e sua permeação e retenção cutânea in vitro verificada com e sem a presença de corrente elétrica durante 6 h, utilizando células de difusão e pele de orelha de porco. A quantidade de MXS retida no EC da pele foi determinada e diferenciada daquela retida nos folículos pilosos utilizando-se a técnica denominada tape stripping diferencial. Foi observado que o fluxo passivo de fármaco através da pele aumentou 150 vezes com aplicação de iontoforese anódica e que o aumento do pH da formulação de 3,5 para 5,5 restringiu 3 vezes essa permeação iontoforética e aumentou a retenção do MXS no EC e folículos pilosos. Estes resultados mostram que a iontoforese do MXS nestas condições é capaz de promover a liberação folicular do fármaco de maneira bastante significativa. Uma série de micropartículas de quitosana contendo MXS foi obtida por spray drying modificando quantidades e proporções de polímero e fármaco. O sistema selecionado para estudo foi obtido a partir de 1,50 g de polímero e 0,75 g de MXS, e apresentou alta eficiência de encapsulação (~82%), diâmetro médio igual a 3,05 µm, morfologia esférica e sem porosidades, e potencial zeta igual a + 5,87 mV. Quando incorporadas a uma formulação hidroalcoólica, essas micropartículas sofreram intumescimento, aumentando 1,5 vezes o seu diâmetro médio, mas não tiveram sua morfologia esférica alterada. Experimentos de liberação in vitro mostraram que as micropartículas obtidas foram capazes de sustentar 3,5 vezes a liberação do MXS. As micropartículas ainda restringiram a permeação passiva do fármaco, reduzindo 2 vezes seu fluxo de permeação e aumentando em 5 vezes a retenção de fármaco na região folicular, apesar das partículas em si não penetrarem a pele após administração passiva. Assim, este sistema foi capaz de promover uma liberação mais sustentada do fármaco, o que deve reduzir o número de aplicações do produto pelo paciente ao longo do dia, e garantiu a entrada de grandes quantidades do fármaco nos folículos pilosos, seu alvo de ação. A iontoforese dessas micropartículas, apesar de também não fazê-las penetrar a pele, conseguiu direcioná-las mais rapidamente para as aberturas foliculares, como mostrou os estudos de microscopia confocal de varredura a laser das micropartículas marcadas. Adicionalmente, a iontoforese aumentou 6 vezes a quantidade de MXS retida nos folículos já nas primeiras 3 h de aplicação, garantindo assim que grandes quantidades do fármaco atingissem seu local de ação mais rapidamente que quando as partículas foram aplicadas passivamente sobre a pele.Given the hypothesis that polymeric microparticles can penetrate the skin barrier along the transfollicular route, and based on the evidence that iontophoresis is a method that can direct the delivery of drugs to the hair follicles, this work aimed to study the in vitro skin permeation of minoxidil sulfate (MXS), a drug used to treat androgenic alopecia, both in its micro-encapsulated and non-encapsulated form, using or not iontophoresis, in an attempt to increase, control and direct its topical delivery to the hair follicle. The MXS was first incorporated in a hydrophilic gel containing 2.0% (w/w) MXS and its skin permeation and retention was in vitro observed with and without the presence of electric current for 6 h, using diffusion cells and skin of porcine\'s ears. The amount of MXS retained in EC was determined and differentiated from that retained in the hair follicles using the technique called differential tape stripping. It was observed that the passive flux of drug through the skin was increased 150-fold with the application of anodal iontophoresis and, by increasing the pH of the formulation from 3.5 to 5.5, iontophoretic permeation of MXS was 3-fold restricted, whereas it increased its retention in stratum corneum and hair follicles. These results show that iontophoresis of MXS in these conditions can promote the follicular delivery of the drug quite significantly. A series of chitosan microparticles containing MXS was obtained by spray drying, modifying quantities and proportions of polymer and drug. The system selected for study was obtained from 1.50 g of polymer and 0.75 g of MXS, and showed high encapsulation efficiency (~ 82%), mean diameter of 3.05 µm, spherical morphology without porosities, and zeta potential equal to + 5.87 mV. When incorporated into a hydro ethanolic formulation, these microparticles suffered swelling, increasing 1.5 times its diameter, but their spherical morphology was not modified. Permeation experiments showed in vitro that the microparticles obtained were able to sustain 3.5 times the release of MXS. The microparticles also restricted the passive permeation of the drug, reducing 2-fold its permeation flux and increasing by 5-fold the retention of drug in the follicular region, although the microparticles themselves did not penetrate the skin after passive administration. Thus, this system was able to promote a more sustained release of the drug, which must reduce the number of product applications by the patient throughout the day, and ensured the entry of large amounts of drug in hair follicles, their target. Iontophoresis of microparticles, although not making them penetrate the skin either, was able to direct them quickly to the follicular openings, as shown by laser confocal scanning microscopy studies of the labeled microparticles. In addition, iontophoresis increased 6-fold the amount of MXS retained in the follicles within the first 3 h of application, thereby ensuring that large quantities of the drug achieved its site of action more quickly than when the particles were applied passively to the skin.
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Wilson, Caroline Lesley. "The hair follicle : studies of the outer root sheath in health and disease, and a possible role for the bulge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309741.
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Harries, Matthew. "The immunopathobiology of lichen planopilaris." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-immunopathobiology-of-lichen-planopilaris(a72b5c46-fcfd-46c8-a30a-715720233f59).html.
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Introduction: The hair follicle bulge has recently been added to a growing list of human tissue compartments that exhibit a complex combination of immunosuppressive mechanisms, termed immune privilege (IP), which appear to restrict immune mediated injury in specific locations. As epithelial hair follicle stem cells (eHFSC) reside in the hair follicle bulge region it is conceivable that these IP mechanisms protect this vital compartment from immune-mediated damage, thereby ensuring the ongoing growth and cyclic regeneration of the hair follicle. Lichen planopilaris (and variants) are inflammatory hair disorders that result in hair follicle destruction and permanent alopecia. Growing evidence suggests that eHFSC destruction is a key factor in the permanent follicle loss seen in these conditions, and that IP collapse may predispose these cells to immune mediated injury. Aims: The overall aim of this project was to generate immunohistomorphometric, gene profiling, and limited functional evidence to probe the 'bulge immune privilege collapse' hypothesis in a carefully selected model disease for inflammation-induced epithelial stem cell death, lichen planopilaris (LPP). Methods: Adult patients with LPP (or variant frontal fibrosing alopecia) were recruited. Biopsies from lesional and non-lesional scalp skin were performed and either snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, fixed in formalin for paraffin embedding or transferred immediately for hair follicle organ culture. Both frozen and paraffin embedded tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis using various immune privilege, hair bulge (eHFSC) and immune cell markers. Cultured samples were supplemented with various chemicals know to influence hair follicle immune privilege with analysis performed using IHC. Further, additional paired lesional and non-lesional samples were sectioned horizontally for laser capture microdissection of bulge cells. Following extraction of RNA, reverse transcription and amplification of cDNA from these selected bulge cells; gene expression profiling was performed comparing lesional with non-lesional samples. Selected, differentially regulated genes were validated using IHC and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Bulge IP collapse is present in active LPP, as suggested by increased expression of MHC class I, β2microglobulin and MHC class II, along with reduced expression of the locally produced immunosuppressant TGFβ2, at both the gene and protein level. Microarray pathway analysis supports these data with the antigen processing canonical pathway being prominently enriched. Cell mediated immune responses are prominent in active disease, suggested by significantly increased numbers of activated and cytotoxic T-cells infiltrating the bulge epithelium, along with greater numbers of mast cells and macrophages in the peri-follicular connective tissue sheath. Bulge cell eHFSC loss is suggested by loss of bulge cell markers (e.g. keratin 15) on IHC, microarray and qPCR, and supported by microarray analysis showing virtually global loss of recognised bulge eHFSC signatures. Hair follicle organ culture experiments confirm bulge IP collapse in a separate cohort of patients, and demonstrate that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon-γ can further collapse IP in the bulge epithelium of cultured hair follicles. Conclusion: These data identify collapse of immune privilege in bulge cells in active LPP, and identify prominent cell-mediated immune responses and loss of eHFSC signatures in active disease. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon-γ also appears to play a prominent role in IP collapse and contributes to immune cell trafficking into affected tissue. Future study is required to ascertain triggering factors of IP collapse and pursue other identified candidates from gene expression analysis.
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Moure, Emanuella Rosyane Duarte. "Alopecias cicatriciais primárias: revisão de achados histopatológicos de 37 pacientes do Departamento de Dermatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no período de 2000 a 2005." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-18022011-143001/.
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Introdução: As alopecias cicatriciais são subdivididas em primárias e secundárias. Nas alopecias cicatriciais primárias o folículo piloso é o alvo principal da destruição; diferentemente das secundárias onde a destruição folicular não é o evento patológico primário. Objetivo: Revisar os achados histológicos de pacientes com diagnóstico de alopecia cicatricial primária, em uma fase tardia e reclassificá-los em seus respectivos subtipos. Casuística e Métodos: Os espécimes de biópsia de pacientes com diagnóstico histológico prévio de alopecia cicatricial foram revisados e submetidos a colorações por hematoxilina e eosina (HE), ácido periódico-Schiff (PAS) e Weigert, a fim de reclassificá-los de acordo com os diferentes subtipos de alopecia. Foram utilizados para a revisão histológica critérios de infiltrado inflamatório acrescidos de coloração para fibra elástica. Resultados: Os 37 casos de alopecia cicatricial primária foram reclassificados em: lupus eritematoso discóide (16), líquen plano pilar (4), pseudopelada de Brocq (12), foliculite decalvante (3), foliculite abscedante/dessecante (1), e alopecia não-específica (1). Conclusão: Mesmo em uma fase tardia, pauci ou não inflamatória, o exame histológico, utilizando colorações de rotina, PAS e coloração para fibra elástica, permitiu o diagnóstico mais acurado das alopecias cicatriciais primáriasBACKGROUND: Scarring alopecias are classified into primary and secondary according to the initial site of inflammation. In primary scarring alopecias, the hair follicle is the main target of destruction. The term secondary cicatricial alopecia implies that follicular destruction is not the primary pathologic event. AIMS: To review the histopathologic diagnoses of cases of cicatricial alopecia in order to classify them according to the North American Hair Research Society. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with biopsy specimens diagnosed as cicatricial alopecia seen from 2000 to 2005 at the Dermatologic Department of Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School had hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Weigert stained slides reevaluated and sub-typed into different primary cicatricial alopecias. RESULTS: Thirty-seven cases of primary cicatricial alopecias were reclassified as: discoid lupus erythematosus (16), lichen planus pilaris (4), pseudopelade of Brocq (12), folliculitis decalvans (3), dissecting folliculitis (1), and non-specific scarring alopecia (1). CONCLUSIONS: Even in late, pauci or noninflammatory phases, an approach with systematic evaluation of a constellation of criteria in routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, PAS and Weigert stain permitted an accurate diagnosis of cicatricial alopecias
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Philpot, Michael Paul. "Studies on isolated hair follicles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253402.
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Дениско, А. В. "Окципітальна алопеція як ознака рахіту." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59197.
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У структурі дитячої захворюваності України рахіт займає одне з перших місць. Дана патологія діагностується у 40-70% дітей першого року життя. Натомість у високорозвинених країнах цей показник становить 3-7 випадки на 100 000 дітей (Великобританія, Австралія) та 9 на 1 млн у США. У вітчизняній медицині одним з основних критеріїв постановки діагнозу є окципітальна алопеція. Нерідко лише її наявність слугує достатнім приводом діагностувати рахіт, без лабораторно-інструментального підтвердження.
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Pye, Isobel McKellar. "Tools To Reliably Quantify Scalp Hair Density and Greying for Use in Clinical and Research Settings- A Systematic Review and a New Proposal." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29508.
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Background
Both hair greying and hair loss (alopecia) have been associated with an increased risk of serious systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, there has been no systematic review of the reliability of existing tools for the measurement of these aspects of hair.
Objectives
1. To systematically review the reliability, usability, convenience, and accuracy of tools for the measurement of hair density and hair greying.
2. To create clinically useful tools for the assessment of hair greying and hair density, and to assess the reliability of these tools.
3. To assess the correlation between the newly developed Hair Density Scale (HDS) (Objective 2) and the commonly used Hamilton-Norwood scale (HNS) to determine if distinct phenotypes of pattern hair loss exist.
Methods
1. Literature was extracted from five databases. From each eligible article, scale reliability, usability, convenience, and accuracy were categorised and compared. 2. The Hair Greying Scale (HGS) and the HDS were created using Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator respectively. The reliability of the scales was assessed.
3. The HDS was compared to the HNS on a total of 101 male subjects. Cluster analysis on HDS data was performed.
Results
1. The Scalp Coverage Score and the Dermoscopy-derived Semi-quantitative Density Scales were the most reliable scales for assessing pattern hair loss. The ‘Alopecia Areata Progression Index’, ‘Marginal Traction Alopecia Severity Score’ and ‘Alopecia Rating’ for trichotillomania were all reliable scales for the assessment of their respective conditions. For assessing generic hair density, both manual and automated hair counts were reliable options. The only eligible hair greying assessment tool was the ‘Graying Severity Score’ which had good reliability.
2. Two novel scales were created, the HDS and HGS, which both had good reliabilities.
3. There was a good correlation between the HNS and HDS readings in the frontal and vertex scalp areas, but not with the occipital and temporal areas. Distinct phenotypes of pattern hair loss were not identifiable.
Conclusions
1. This is the first systematic comparison of the reliability, usability, convenience, and accuracy of existing scales for the assessment of hair density and hair greying.
2. Pictorial classifications of pattern hair loss (PHL) such as the Hamilton-Norwood Scale are unreliable even when used by expert appraisers despite having deemed certain categories of PHL to increase an individual’s risk of cardiovascular disease.
3. The newly created HDS and HGS are reliable and clinically useful.
4. Cluster analysis using data generated from the HDS did not confirm that distinct, numerically quantifiable hair loss patterns exist.
5. With the newly introduced method and tools, it is now possible to assess alopecia based on semi-quantifiable measurements of hair density in any scalp region.
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Sampaio, Barbara Alexandre Lespinassi. "Significado da alopecia para mulheres submetidas à quimioterapia para o câncer ginecológico ou mamário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-22042014-085739/.
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Estudo qualitativo, cujo objetivo foi compreender o significado da alopecia, decorrente de quimioterapia, para mulheres submetidas a esse tipo de tratamento para o câncer ginecológico ou mamário, e teve como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e prontuários de 15 mulheres que apresentaram alopecia como evento adverso ao tratamento quimioterápico, e frequentavam um serviço especializado em reabilitação pós-mastectomia ou um ambulatório ou enfermaria de oncologia de um hospital universitário do interior de São Paulo. Foram identificadas duas unidades temáticas pela Análise de Conteúdo: 1) o significado da alopecia para as mulheres que a apresentam, na relação consigo próprias; e 2) na relação com os outros e com o mundo. Na relação consigo próprias, a alopecia significou necessidade de lidar com alterações emocionais e da autoestima, necessidade de disfarce, dificuldade de lidar com a alopecia, de se olhar no espelho e de falar sobre o assunto, sendo que a mulher descobriu formas de lidar com os problemas ocasionados pela queda de cabelo, embora este tenha sido um problema que muitas vezes trouxe sofrimento maior do que o câncer em si. Já na relação com os outros e com o mundo, a alopecia foi tida como um estigma relacionado ao câncer e seus tratamentos, trouxe mudanças nos hábitos e rotinas, além de interferir na sexualidade. Assim, puderam ser identificadas instituições que ofereceram apoio às mulheres. Compreender o significado pleno da experiência de alopecia na vida cotidiana dessas mulheres é fundamental para poder proporcionar-lhes apoio durante o curso da doença, e para auxiliá-las no desenvolvimento de estratégias para lidar com as mudanças que ocorrem durante o tratamento do câncer.Qualitative study aimed to understand the meaning of hair loss because chemotherapy for women undergoing this type of treatment for breast or gynecological cancer, and had the theoretical Symbolic Interaction. Data were collected through interviews and medical records of15 women who had hair loss as an adverse event to chemotherapy, and attended a specialized rehabilitation postmastectomy or a clinic or oncology ward of a university hospital in São Paulo. Two thematic units were identified by Content Analysis: 1) the meaning of hair loss for women, in relation to themselves, and 2) the relationship with others and with the world. In relation to themselves, hair loss meant the necessity to deal with emotional and self-esteem, the necessity to disguise, difficulty to deal with alopecia, to look in the mirror and talk about it, although the woman discovered ways of dealing with the problems caused by hair loss, this has been a problem that often caused more suffering than the cancer. In the relation with others and with the world, the hair loss was seen as a stigma related to cancer and its treatments, caused changes in habits and routines, as well as interfere with sexuality. Therefore could be identified institutions which offered support for women. Understand the full meaning of the experience of hair loss in women\'s daily life is crucial to be able to provide them support during the course of the disease, and to assist them in developing strategies to deal with the changes that occur during cancer treatment
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Penha, Mariana Alvares. "Desenvolvimento e validação de um escore dermatoscópico de gravidade da alopecia de padrão feminino." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157140.
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Orientador: Hélio Amante MiotResumo: Fundamentos: Alopecia de padrão feminino (APF) é doença crônica frequente, que inflige prejuízo à qualidade de vida e cujos tratamentos levam a melhoras tênues, com difícil percepção clínica a curto prazo. Apesar da prevalência e impacto na qualidade de vida, não há métodos de avaliação objetivos e sensíveis para estimar sua gravidade. Objetivos: Desenvolver um escore dermatoscópico de gravidade da APF. Métodos: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 76 mulheres com APF e 12 controles. Além de dados clínico-demográficos, capturaram-se fotos dermatoscópicas padronizadas de 1 cm2 do couro cabeludo (frontal e occipital) para avaliar os principais achados da APF. As variáveis foram selecionadas por técnicas multivariadas e seus pesos definidos por modelo linear generalizado. Vinte participantes foram retestadas. A validação externa e sensibilidade à mudança (responsividade) foram avaliados a partir das estimativas dos escores de dez pacientes com APF sob uso oral de minoxidil 1mg, por seis meses. Resultado: Entre as portadoras de APF, 8 (11%) apresentavam classificação de Sinclair grau 1, 40 (53%) 2, 19 (25%) 3, 9 (12%) 4 e 5. Foram aferidos 22 achados dermatoscópicos que compuseram 32 variáveis. À exploração multivariada, as variáveis que resultaram contribuição significativa para o escore foram: número de fios terminais, número de fios miniaturizados, sinal peripilar, rede pigmentada, halo branco, ponto amarelo; todos achados oriundos da avaliação frontal. O modelo final apresentou cor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: Female pattern alopecia (FPA) is a frequent chronic disease, which causes impaired quality of life and whose treatments lead to discreet improvements, with difficult clinical perception in the short term. Despite the prevalence and impact on quality of life, there are not objective and sensitive assessment methods to estimate its severity. Objective: To develop a dermoscopic severity score of FPA. Methods: A cross-sectional study, involving 76 women with FPA and 12 controls. In addition to clinical-demographic data, standardized 1 cm² dermoscopic photos of the scalp (frontal and occipital) were taken to evaluate the main findings of FPA. The variables were selected by multivariate analysis and their scores defined by generalized linear model. Twenty participants were retested. External validation and evaluation of responsiveness scores were based on the measurement of 10 patients showed improvement using oral minoxidil (1mg/d) for 6 months. Results: Among the participants with FPA, 8 patients (11%) presented the Sinclair classification grade 1, 40 (53%) 2, 19 (25%) 3, 9 (12%) 4 and 5. Twenty-two dermoscopic findings constituted 32 variables. At the multivariate exploration, the variables that were considered significant for the score were: total terminal hairs, total miniaturized hairs, brown peripilar signs, scalp honeycomb pigmentation, white peripilar sign, yellow dots; all findings from the frontal evaluation. The final model presented (rho) of 0.89 with the c... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Wang, Jie. "Broad-Spectrum Protection Against Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia by Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1111433922.
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Soultan, Al Halifa. "Synthèse de peptides modifiés pour la lutte contre l’alopécie et la canitie, et développement de nouvelles méthodologies pour la polymérisation de séquences peptidiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13521.
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De part leurs nombreuses activités biologiques et leur propriétés physicochmiques et structurales, les peptides présentent un intérêt considérable pour la conception de molécules actives mais aussi pour l'élaboration de biomatériaux. Pour lutter contre l'alopécie (perte de cheveux) et la canitie (blanchiment des cheveux), nous avons axé nos travaux sur la recherche de peptides bioactifs. Pour cela, nous avons identifié des peptides têtes de série provenant soit de la littérature soit d'un criblage réalisé par l'institut européen de biologie (IEB). Ces peptides têtes de séries ont été modifiés afin d'améliorer leur activité et leur biodisponibilité tout en tenant compte du mode d'administration par voie topique. Lors de ce travail, nous avons également développé deux nouvelles méthodologies permettant la polymérisation de séquences peptidiques. En effet, les polymères à base de peptide présentent un intérêt majeur pour des applications en biotechnologie (tissus artificiels, implants), ou comme systèmes de transport ou de délivrance de principes actifs. Nous avons notamment mis au point la polymérisation de peptides hybrides présentant des fonctions dimethylsilanol ainsi que la polymérisation par ouverture du cycle de N-carboxyanhydrides portant une séquence peptidique. Ces deux stratégies ont permis d'obtenir des polymères linéaires ou en peigneBecause of their numerous biological activities and their structural and physico-chemical properties, peptides are of considerable interest for the design of active molecules but also for the development of biomaterials. To fight against alopecia (hair loss) and canities (whitning hair), we focused our attention on the research of bioactive peptides. In this context, we have identified leads peptides either from the literature or from a screening conducted by the European Institute of Biology (IEB). These Leads were modified to improve their activity and bioavailability knowing that they will be applied topically. In this work, we have also developed two new methodologies for the polymerization of peptide sequences. Indeed, peptide-based polymers are of major interest for applications in biotechnology (i.e. artificial tissue,implants), or as systems of transport and delivery of drug. The first methodology relies on the polymerization of the hybrid peptides displaying dimethyl hydroxysilane functions. The other one involves the ring opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides bearing a peptide sequence. Both strategies were used to obtain linear or comb peptide-polymers
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Matilainen, V. A. (Veikko A. ). "Insuliiniresistenssin ulkoisia androgeenisia manifestaatioita." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268644.
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Abstract A hypothesis is created that an association between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and serious cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and fatal ischaemic heart disease has been reported, but the mechanism explaining this association has remained unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between insulin resistance, (coronary) artery disease and AGA. Moreover, a hypothesis on the role of electromagnetic cell adhesion in the development of AGA is presented. In the present series of men aged 19–50 years (n = 154) with early (< 35 years of age), significant AGA of at least grade 3 (vertex) in the Hamilton classification modified by Norwood (Norwood 1975) was hyperinsulinaemia encountered twice as often as on age-matched controls. Other signs of the insulin resistance syndrome, such as obesity, lipid lowering and antihypertensive drugs were also found to correlate with early AGA. In a population-based case-control study, male patients living a small rural town who had undergone an urgent or elective coronary revascularization procedure (n = 85) and their age-matched controls were analysed after stratification by age at operation and hair status. The findings showed AGA to be more common coronary artery disease and early AGA as those with early coronary artery disease. In a population aged 63 years (n = 541, 217 men), neck circumference was found to correlate with the conventional anthropometric indicators of insulin resistance and with elevated serum insulin in both genders, which means that neck circumference is a simple anthropometric indicator of android type obesity and insulin resistance. In the same female population other factors of insulin resistance (whr, waist circumference, serum insulin level and microalbuminuria) were associated with marked (grade 2 or 3 on a modified Ludwig scale) hair loss. Paternal heredity was clearly characteristic of AGA in both genders, particularly of early AGA in men. We present a hypothesis that the overactive androgen state inhibits cell mitosis in the dermal papilla of the hair follicle and contributes to a weaker electromagnetic attraction between the undifferentiated germ cells and the dermal papilla and also to a shortened anagen phase of the hair growth cycle. Insulin resistance has an additional pathogenic role in the excessive miniaturization of the hair follicle. As a conclusion, along with android obesity, early alopecia can be considered a sign of insulin resistance and a possible risk factor for an early onset of coronary artery disease. Timely intervention in the risk factors may help to slow down or prevent the development of arterial disease and possibly also to alleviate the cosmetic and psychosocial consequences of hair lossTiivistelmä Insuliiniresistenssin, (sepel)valtimotaudin ja AGA:n välillä on yhteyksiä. Taustalla olevat patomekanismit ovat kuitenkin epäselviä. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin insuliiniresistenssin ja (sepel)valtimotaudin suhdetta AGA:an. Lisäksi luotiin hypoteesi sähkömagneettisen soluadheesion roolista AGA:n kehittymisessä. Aineiston 19–50-vuotiailla miehillä (n = 154), joilla oli varhainen (< 35 v), merkittävä, vähintään kolmannen (vertex) asteen AGA Norwoodin modifioiman Hamiltonin luokituksen mukaan (Norwood 1975) seerumin insuliinipitoisuus oli suurentunut liki kaksi kertaa useammin kuin samanikäisillä verrokeilla. Myös muiden insuliiniresistenssioireyhtymään liitettyjen vaaratekijöiden, kuten ylipainon, havaittiin liittyvän varhaiseen AGA:an. Pienen maaseutukaupungin kaikki sepelvaltimoiden revaskularisaatioon joutuneet miehet (n = 85) analysoitiin toimenpiteeseen joutumisiän ja hiusstatuksen mukaan. Tulokset osoittavat AGA:n olevan yhteydessä sepelvaltimotautiin ja varhaisen AGA:n varhaiseen sepelvaltimotautiin. Aineiston 63-vuotiailla (n = 541, miehiä 217) kaulan ympärysmitan todettiin korreloivan selvästi antropometrisiin, insuliiniresistenssiä kuvaaviin mittoihin ja seerumin insuliinipitoisuuden kasvuun sekä miehillä että naisilla. Kaulan ympärysmitta soveltuu siten käytettäväksi antropometrisena mittana androidityyppisen ylipainon ja insuliiniresistenssin selvittämisessä. Saman väestöotoksen naisilla tehdyssä tutkimuksessa havaittiin muiden insuliiniresistenssin osatekijöiden (vyötärö-lantiosuhteen, vyötärön ympärysmitan, seerumin insuliinipitoisuuden ja mikroalbuminurian) liittyvän huomattavaan hiustenlähtöön (asteet II ja III modifioidulla Ludwigin skaalalla). AGA:ssa isän suvun perimän vaikutus oli selvä molemmilla sukupuolilla. Se oli voimakas erityisesti miesten varhaisessa AGA:ssa. Laatimamme hypoteesin mukaan suuri androgeenipitoisuus estää dermaalipapillan solujen mitoosia ja heikentää sähkömagneettista vetovoimaa. Tällöin hiusfollikkelin solujen määrää vähenee ja hiuksen kasvuvaihe lyhenee haittaavasti. Insuliiniresistenssillä on hypoteesin mukaan toissijainen rooli hiusfollikkelin pienenemisprosessissa. Aikaista hiustenlähtöä androidin ylipainon ohella voidaan pitää insuliiniresistenssin merkkinä ja riskinä sepelvaltimotaudin tavanomaista aiempaan ilmaantumiseen. Puuttumalla ajoissa vaaratekijöihin valtimotaudin kehittymistä voidaan hidastaa tai estää ja ehkä myös vähentää kosmeettisesti ja psykososiaalisesti haittaavaa hiusten menetystä
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Salem, Jane. "Hur effektivt är finasteridbehandling mot ärftligt manligt håravfall?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-25965.
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The most common form of hair loss in young and old people is androgenic alopecia. Hereditary hair loss affects both men and women. Hereditary hair loss in some women begins at the age of 30, but as a rule hair loss begins in post-menopausal women. In women the hair thins out in an oval portion of the front part of the scalp. In men, hair loss can start as early as at the age of 20. The hairline then starts to slowly creep upward along the temples and gives characteristic flaps, and on the scalp a bald spot appears that over time becomes larger and larger. Hereditary androgenic alopecia is caused by androgenic effects on the hair follicles causing the anagen phase to shorten and the telogen phase to extend while the hair follicle size decreases. Polymorphism in the androgen receptor has been linked to androgenic alopecia. Finasteride is a fat-soluble synthetic steroid originally intended for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In 1992 it was approved for BPH-treatment and in 1997 it was approved for male pattern baldness. Finasteride inhibits the function of type ІІ 5-α-reductase, and therefore inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone(DHT). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of finasteride treatment against hereditary male pattern baldness. Six studies on finasteride were selected from searching the database PubMed in february 2013. To get the most relevant results the search terms "finasteride alopecia" were used. Out of 42 hits, six articles were selected. Only articles with clinical testing on humans were selected. The articles included in this study demonstrate that finasteride treatment slows the development of hair loss and increases hair growth. Increased hair growth, however, requires long-term treatment. After one year of treatment, or longer, with finasteride 1 mg daily the increase in hair growth is of the order 7-10% more hairs than at the beginning of the treatment. A larger increase in hair weight suggests that the treatment also increases the thickness and/or the length of hairs. Men 18-19 have been treated with finasterid in the studies. The concentration of DHT was decreased by finasteride treatment in all studies. Adverse reactions include decreased libido, erectile difficulty, ejaculation problems and depression can occur in fewer than 1 in 100 people which was also mentioned in the studies.
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Santiago, Gabriela Andrade. "Presença de comorbidades como fator agravante de alopecia areata em crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 19 anos de idade no Hospital Universitário de Brasília." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2011. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/9041.
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Alopecia areata é uma afecção crônica não cicatricial dos folículos pilosos, caracterizada por perda localizada ou difusa de cabelos ou pelos. Considerada doença autoimune mediada por células T, órgão-específica, onde uma infiltração linfocítica dos folículos pilosos resulta em ruptura de cabelos anágenos, ocasionando alopecia não inflamatória. Pode ocorrer em qualquer área corporal, sendo mais frequente em couro cabeludo e barba. Objetivos: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi investigar a presença de comorbidades e sua relação como fator agravante de alopecia areata. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos da alopecia areata, estudar a prevalência de alterações ungueais e a prevalência dos antecedentes pessoais e familiares de atopia nos pacientes participantes do estudo. Material e métodos: Desenvolveu-se o estudo com 30 pacientes portadores de Alopecia Areata, atendidas no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília. Para elaboração dos testes foi utilizado o pacote estatístico SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 15.0, e para testar a associação entre as variáveis utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher, agregado ao método computacional de Monte Carlo. Foi considerado significante valor inferior a 0,05. Resultados: A maior prevalência de AA encontra-se na faixa etária de crianças de 6 a 7 anos de idade (23,3%), sendo 18 pacientes do sexo feminino (60%) e 12 do sexo masculino (40%). Dos 30 pacientes avaliados, dez (33,3%) tinham antecedentes pessoais de atopia e 12 (40%) tinham alguma patologia concomitante. Destes, 7 (58%) pacientes tinham classificação S1 (<25% perda capilar); 2 (17%) tinham classificação S2 (25-49% perda capilar); 2 (17%) com classificação S4 (75-99% perda capilar) e 1 (8%) com classificação S5 (100% perda capilar). Conclusão: Associação com comorbidades não foi significativa para a gravidade da alopecia areata. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Alopecia areata is a chronic non-scarring hair follicles, characterized by localized or diffuse hair loss disease. Considered an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells, organ-specific, where a lymphocytic infiltration of hair follicles results in disruption of anagen hair, causing non-inflammatory alopecia. It can occur in any body area, was more frequent in the scalp and beard. Objectives: The main objective of this research was to investigate the presence of comorbidities and their relationship as an aggravating factor for alopecia areata. The secondary objective was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of alopecia areata, to study the prevalence of nail changes and the prevalence of personal and family history of atopy in the study participants. Methods: We developed the study with 30 patients with Alopecia Areata, served in the Department of Dermatology in the University Hospital of Brasilia. For preparation of tests, we used the SPSS statistical package, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 15.0, and to test the association between the variables used the Fisher exact test, added to the computational method of Monte Carlo. Was considered significant below 0.05. Results: The higher prevalence of AA is in the age group of children 6-7 years old (23.3%), 18 female patients (60%) and 12 males (40%). Of the 30 patients evaluated, ten patients (33,3%) had as a personal history of atopy and 12 (40%) had some concomitant disease. Of these, 7 (58%) patients were rated S1 (<25% hair loss), 2 (17%) were rated S2 (25-49% hair loss), 2 (17%) were rated S4 (75-99% loss capillary) and 1 (8%) were rated S5 (100% hair loss). Conclusion: Association with comorbidities was not significant for the severity of alopecia areata.
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Styring, Nicola. "Examining the predictive utility of the theory of cognitive adaptation in relation to alopecia areata." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434455.
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Macedo, Lucia Cosentino de. "Investigação molecular do gene do receptor de vitamina D em pacientes com raquitismo e alopecia." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310394.
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Orientador: Lilia F. R. de Souza LiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D é de fundamental importância na homeostase do cálcio. A vitamina D exerce suas ações através da interação com o seu receptor. O receptor da vitamina D (VDR) é membro da superfamília de receptores nucleares. O raquitismo é uma doença causada por mineralização deficiente na matriz óssea ou osteóide, afetando o desenvolvimento e a formação do osso na fase de crescimento. Mutações no receptor da vitamina D causam raquitismo dependente de vitamina D tipo II. Neste tipo de raquitismo ocorre hipocalcemia e as concentrações séricas de 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D3 são elevadas e, na maioria das vezes não há resposta ao tratamento com doses altas de 1,25-dihidroxivitamina D. Pacientes apresentam raquitismo grave de inicio precoce, nos primeiros meses de vida e a maior parte dos indivíduos apresenta pouco ou nenhum pêlo corporal (alopecia). O objetivo principal deste projeto foi a análise molecular do receptor de vitamina D (VDR) em quatro pacientes com raquitismo dependente de vitamina D tipo n que manifestaram raquitismo e alopecia. Amostras de DNA destes pacientes foram usadas para sequenciar o gene do VDR. Os cromatogramas gerados foram analisados em programas específicos, visando a busca de mutações. A análise mostrou 2 novas mutações pontuais que resultam em mudança de aminoácido (Q259E e G319V) e uma mutação que introduz um codon terminal (R73X). A cultura primária de fibroblasto proveniente de biópsia de pele dos pacientes foi usada para análise funcional do receptor. Extrato proteico nuclear mostrou redução de expressão de todos os receptores mutados. O receptor truncado contendo apenas parte do domínio de ligação com o DNA perdeu o epítopo de interação com o anticorpo usado, não sendo identificado no Western blot pelo anticorpo utilizado, impossibilitando a avaliação de sua expressão. Tratamento da cultura primária de fibroblasto com doses crescentes de l,25(OH)2 vitamina D demonstrou que os VDRs mutados foram incapazes de ser ativado e aumentar a expressão de 24-hidroxilase. Este trabalho identificou mutações em quatro pacientes com raquitismo dependente de vitamina D tipo II e estas mutações resultaram em comprometimento funcional do VDR
Abstract: The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D plays a fundamental role in the calcium homeostasis. The vitamin D exerts its actions through the interaction with its receptor. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Rickets is a disease caused by deficient mineralization in the bone matrix or osteoids, affecting the development and formation of the bone during the growth stage. Mutations in the vitamin D receptor are associated to the vitamin D-dependent rickets type II. The biochemical characteristics is hypocalcemia and increase levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and most of time there is no answer to the treatment with high doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Patients present rickets and or osteomalacia of varying severity beginning in the first months of life and most of the individuals presents little or any body hair (alopecia). The main objective of this project was the molecular analysis of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in four patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II that manifested with rickets and alopecia. DNA samples of these patients were used to sequence the VDR gene. The generated chromatograms were analyzed in specific programs, aiming the search of mutations. The analysis showed two novel missense mutation that result in amino acid change (Q259E e G319V) and one nonsense mutations (R73X). Fibroblast primary culture derived from the patients' skin biopsy was carried out for functional analysis of the receptor. Nuclear protein extract showed reduction of expression of all mutant receptors. The truncated VDR receptor containing only part of the DNA binding domain lost the region containing the epitopo which the antibody was raised against and it was not identified by the Western blot analysis. Treatment of the fibroblast primary culture treatment with increasing doses of l,25(OH)2 vitamin D showed that the mutant VDR were unable to be activated and to increase the expression of the 24-hydroxylase. It was found mutations in the four patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II studied. Functional analysis confirmed that the mutations impaired the VDR activation
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
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Rubina, Filipa Ascensão Alves. "A Prospective Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403440.
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Background: Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a nonscarring alopecia that affects both men and women. It is characterized by a progressive miniaturization of hair follicles with a characteristic pattern distribution in genetically predisposed men and women. The currently available treatments for AGA are sometimes perceived as having limited effectiveness, therefore, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been postulated as a new therapy for AGA.
Objective: To assess the efficacy of PRP on the evolution of AGA, between 6 months of treatment and baseline.
Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, half-head study in male and female patients with AGA. The patient selection was performed in two different phases, according to presence or absence of medication for AGA. Group A included patients without previous medication for AGA and Group B included patients under medication for AGA (minoxidil or finasteride). All patients received a total of 3 treatments of PRP on one half-head and saline solution in the other half-head, with an interval of 1 month from each other. Injected areas comprised 4 circular areas marked with a dot tattoo. The follow-up visit was made at 6 months.
Results: In Group A: administration of PRP alone attended a statistically significant improvement of mean hair density, mean terminal hair density, mean anagen hairs and telogen hairs, when compared with baseline, at 6 months. A statistically significantly correlation between demographic data and trichoscan analysis was found with two parameters: mean total hair density and mean anagen hairs. Regarding Group B: administration of PRP associated with ongoing medication is effective on the evolution of AGA. Both minoxidil or finasteride associated with PRP improved hair regrowth, although PRP in combination with minoxidil showed a greater improvement than PRP with finasteride, at six months.
Limitations: The two major limitations of this study relate to the sample size and duration of follow-up.
Conclusion: Administration of autologous PRP had a positive effect on male and female pattern hair loss without major side-effects.
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Singh, Vibhuti [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Zöller. "Attending persistent T cell activation in alopecia areata : A therapeutic option / Vibhuti Singh. Betreuer: M. Zöller." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014279712/34.
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Uebel, Carlos Oscar. "Ação do plasma rico em plaquetas e seus fatores de crescimento na cirurgia dos microimplantes capilares." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4546.
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Previous issue date: 2006Introduction and Objectives Follicular Units are commonly used in baldness surgery, and they have became a global procedure for both male and female patients. The micrografts yield varies between 70 to 85% and even we handle carefully to harvest and prepare it from the donor area and doing the implantation procedure under strict protocol, we need to consider to apoptosis and necrosis the main subjects that can interfere in this procedure. In order to improve hair density and stimulate follicular unit growth, an experimental study has been designed using platelet rich plasma with their growth factors obtained from the patient’s autologous blood. According to scientific papers published in this area, mainly in the areas as traumatology, odontology, maxilo-facial and plastic surgery we intended to bring a new contribution to the follicular units baldness surgery. Material and Methods The amount of twenty three patients was selected with male pattern baldness in between 22 to 55 years old and delineated a paired scientific protocol within subjects design. Experimental and control baldness areas of 2. 5 cm x 2. 5 cm have been compared and defined that at the right side of the patient they should be implanted follicular units imbibed with platelet rich plasma and its growth factors and at the left side the follicular units considered controls. By the end of seven months when all the follicular units were grown it was done the counting of it. The data was summarized using mean and standard deviation. To compare the two procedures involved we used the paired Student t-test, since data showed a Gaussian distribution. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 12. 0. Significance level was set to alpha 0. 05.Results There was a statistically significant difference observed in the yield of follicular units when comparing the two groups (P < 0. 001). The experimental group with the platelet rich plasma with the growth factors showed a density of 18. 9 FU/ per cm2 while the control group showed 16. 7 FU/ per cm2 represented a 13. 6% increase in the capillary density. Some patients have experienced less then 5% while others, considered exceptionals, showed 31% and 52% increase of follicular units yields. These varyabilities should be observed with caution and new researches should be established regarding age, smoking, exercises and food diet. Conclusion According the obtained results a considerable effect of 13. 6% was observed in the right side where has been used follicular units embibed with platelet rich plasma with growth factors. It has been an efficiency and a better yield resulting in more follicles and in more hair density that brought a positive result for the male pattern baldness surgery with platelet rich plasma and their growth factors.
Introdução e Objetivos: A cirurgia com a utilização dos microimplantes capilares (MICs) tem sido adotada amplamente no tratamento da calvície masculina e feminina. A integração destes microenxertos pode variar entre 70% a 85% e, embora todos os cuidados sejam tomados desde sua obtenção na área doadora até sua preparação e implantação na área calva, é necessário levar em conta a apoptose e a necrose como fatores que interferem neste processo. Considerando esta perda como relevante na cirurgia da calvície, estabeleceu-se um trabalho experimental utilizando o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e seus fatores de crescimento, obtido do próprio sangue do paciente, no intuito de estimular a integração e o crescimento dos MICs. A exemplo de outros trabalhos publicados com PRP e seus fatores plaquetários, sobretudo nas áreas da traumatologia, odontologia, maxilofacial e na cirurgia plástica, acreditou-se neste protocolo cirúrgico como uma nova contribuição para a cirurgia da calvície com a utilização dos MICs. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 23 pacientes masculinos portadores de calvície do tipo padrão, na faixa etária de 22 a 55 anos, para um trabalho experimental de controle interno, emparelhado, em que cada paciente serviu como seu próprio controle. Delinearam-se duas áreas calvas de 2,5 cm x 2,5 cm em que, à direita do paciente, se implantaram os MICs embebidos em PRP com seus fatores de crescimento e, à esquerda, os MICS considerados controles. Ao final de 7 meses de pós-operatório realizou-se a contagem definitiva dos microimplantes desenvolvidos. Os dados quantitativos foram descritos com média e desvio padrão. A comparação do lado controle com o lado experimental foi realizada por teste t de Student para amostras emparelhadas. Foi também estimado o efeito do método experimental sobre o controle através da diferença média entre o número de MICs dos dois lados seguido de seu intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os dados foram processados e analisados com o auxílio do programa SPSS versão 12. 0.Resultados: Na comparação da contagem de MICs entre o lado experimental tratado com PRP e seus FCs e o lado controle, foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (P < 0,001). O lado esquerdo, considerado controle, teve um crescimento médio de 16,7 MICs/cm2 enquanto o lado direito, onde se utilizou o PRP, teve um crescimento de 18,9 MICs/cm2. Isto representou uma diferença de 13,6% a maior na densidade capilar. Alguns pacientes tiveram diferenças menores do que 5% e outros foram considerados casos excepcionais, com 31% e 52% de aumento na densidade capilar. Esta variabilidade deve ser considerada com cautela e novos estudos deverão ser estabelecidos observando-se também idade, fumo, exercícios físicos e dieta alimentar. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados obtidos, houve um rendimento considerável superior de 13,6% no lado direito onde se utilizaram os MICs embebidos no PRP e seus FCPs. Houve eficácia e integração melhores, resultando num maior número de folículos e numa maior densidade capilar, o que trouxe um resultado positivo na cirurgia da calvície masculina do tipo padrão com o uso do PRP e seus FCPs.
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Clements, Meredith L. "Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia and Quality-of-Life: Ovarian and Uterine Cancer Patients and the Aesthetics of Disease." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6815.
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This study is an examination of ovarian and uterine cancer patients’ perceptions of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and how it impacts quality-of-life over the course of chemotherapy. The chapters in this dissertation address the following research questions: How do ovarian and uterine cancer patients communicate about their experiences of alopecia over the course of chemotherapy? How does chemotherapy-induced alopecia influence patients’ understandings of quality-of-life? Longitudinal interviews were conducted with a patient population of twenty-three, and each patient was interviewed at least twice over the course of chemotherapy. The data set was composed of fifty-five interviews, and a thematic analysis was performed across interview transcripts.
Analysis of the data revealed four themes: 1) chemotherapy-induced alopecia and quality-of-life; 2) the “mirror moment”; 3) performance of social roles; and 4) gendered visibility. Data indicate ovarian and uterine cancer patients experienced substantial daily distress related to chemotherapy-induced alopecia. The ability to perform social roles deemed important to patients’ quality-of-life such as the familial roles of partner and mother/grandmother were negatively impacted by hair loss. Patients’ distress concerning alopecia was strongly connected to the ability to function in the public sphere without feeling approachable or being approached by “strangers” because of their alopecia.
Clinicians might consider repeatedly asking about chemotherapy-induced alopecia over the course of chemotherapy, both because it could help patients cope with the side effect and because it may generate dialogue related to other important concerns late-stage cancer patients may feel are too trivial to mention in clinical discussions. Women’s social and familial roles may be impacted by alopecia and chemotherapy in unique ways that deserve additional study.
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Kingsley, David Henry. "The development and validation of a quality of life measure for the impact of androgen-dependent alopecia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659011.
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Moure, Emanuella Rosyane Duarte. "Análise comparativa das características clínico-patológicas e imunopatológicas do líquen plano pilar e da alopecia frontal fibrosante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-20042016-141954/.
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Introdução: Alopecia frontal fibrosante (AFF) é um tipo de alopecia cicatricial classificada, atualmente, como uma variante clínica do líquen plano pilar (LPP), afetando o couro cabeludo em um padrão clínico característico e apresentando padrão histológico similar ao LPP. Objetivos: Analisar e comparar as alterações clínico-patológicas e imunopatológicas do LPP e da AFF. Métodos: Neste estudo foram selecionados dez pacientes com AFF e dez com LPP objetivando caracterizar achados clínicos, histológicos e imunológicos. A revisão dos preparados histológicos em cortes longitudinais foi realizada comparando-se infiltrado linfocitário perifolicular, fibrose perifolicular, apoptose nos folículos pilosos, dilatação infundibular, infiltrado linfocitário liquenoide na interface entre a epiderme interfolicular e a derme, e reação granulomatosa tipo corpo estranho. Foram realizados estudos de imunofluorescência direta e imuno-histoquímica para a demonstração da expressão de CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68 e IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) em biópsias de pele. Resultados: As principais manifestações clínicas verificadas nos pacientes com AFF incluíram: recesso frontotemporal simétrico e progressivo, ceratose e eritema folicular, pele atrófica desprovida de orifícios foliculares, rarefação dos supercílios e ausência de pelos velus na linha de implantação capilar. Já nos casos de LPP os principais achados clínicos incluíram: envolvimento multifocal e predominantemente difuso do couro cabeludo com presença de eritema, ceratose e descamação perifolicular. A descamação peripilar (80% no LPP e 50% na AFF) e o prurido (60% na AFF e 30% no LPP) foram os sinais e sintomas predominantes em ambas afecções. A histopatologia mostrou achados sobreponíveis entre os casos de LPP e AFF, incluindo alterações vacuolares de interface, infiltrado linfocítico liquenoide perifolicular, fibrose perifolicular, tratos cicatriciais, degeneração de queratinócitos basais e destruição da camada basal. Os achados mais característicos de imunofluorescência direta incluíram a presença de imunofluorescência granulosa moderada e contínua na zona de membrana basal e corpos citoides fluorescentes na derme papilar, principalmente, anti IgM, IgA e IgG presentes no LPP e na AFF. A comparação histopatológica e imunopatológica não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as duas afecções. Conclusão: Embora clinicamente diferentes, nosso estudo não evidenciou diferenças histopatológicas e imunopatológicas entre o líquen plano pilar e a alopecia frontal fibrosante, favorecendo o conceito de tratar-se, em ambos os casos, de aspectos clínicos distintos da mesma doençaBackground: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a type of scarring alopecia currently considered as a clinical variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP), affecting the scalp in a distinctive clinical pattern but also presenting both characteristic and similar histological patterns. Objective: Analysing and comparing the clinicalpathological and immunological alterations between LPP and FFA. Methods: For our study, we have selected ten patients, women, with FFA and ten with LPP, so that clinical, histological and immunological findings were better characterized. The analysis of histological preparations in longitudinal sections was performed by comparing the following aspects: perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate, perifollicular fibrosis, apoptosis in hair follicles, infundibular dilatation, lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate at the interface between the interfollicular epidermis and the dermis and granulomatous foreign body reaction. Studies of direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were executed for demonstrating the expression of CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68 and IDO (2,3-dioxygenase indoleamine) in skin specimens. Results: The main clinical manifestations observed in the studied patients with AFF include: symmetrical and progressive frontotemporal recession, follicular keratosis and erythema, atrophic skin devoid of hair follicles, thinning eyebrows and absence of vellus hair in the hairline. Concerning LPP cases, the mais clinical manifestations include multifocal and predominantly diffuse scalp involvement with the presence of erythema, perifolicular keratosis and scales. The associated signs and symptoms, for patients with LPP the main findings were perifollicular scale (80% and 50% LPP AFF) and pruritus (60% and 30% AFF LPP). The histopathology of both diseases showed overlapping findings, including interface vacuolar changes, perifollicular lichenoid lymphocytic cell infiltrate, hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, hyperacanthosis, degeneration of basal keratinocytes and destruction of the basal layer. The most common immunofluorescence findings of the patients were the presence of continuous and moderate granulous immunofluorescence in the basement membrane zone and cytoid fluorescent bodies in the papillary dermis mainly anti IgG, IgM and IgG present in the LPP and AFF. The immunohistochemical studies showed no significant difference in the two entities. Conclusion: Although clinically distinct, our study has not demonstrated neither histological nor immunological differences between lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia, sustaining, therefore, the concept of both cases being different clinical aspects of the same disease
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Craveiro, Ana Pedro Cunha. "Alopecia Areata." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8027.
Full textAbstract:
A Alopecia Areata constitui uma condição clínica auto-imune, multifatorial, de etiologia desconhecida, responsável por perda capilar não-cicatricial. Afeta crianças e adultos, sem preferência racial ou por género e tem um curso imprevisível, que, na grande maioria das vezes, não é modificado pelos tratamentos atuais. Estudos mostram que pacientes com Alopecia Areata possuem maior risco de ansiedade, atopia, vitiligo, patologia da tiróide e outras condições auto-imunes.
Contudo, a carência de estudos aleatorizados e controlados sobre a doença, aliada às inúmeras interrogações que lhe estão associadas, têm contribuído para que a abordagem da Alopecia Areata continue a ser um desafio.
A corticoterapia tem sido a modalidade de tratamento mais usada, mas o seu espetro de atuação parece redutor nalgumas formas da doença. Por outro lado, e apesar do seu grave impacto psicológico, a Alopecia Areata não comporta consequências diretas na saúde geral, pelo que esperar por uma eventual remissão espontânea poderá ser uma opção sensata nalguns casos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho visa conhecer as caraterísticas epidemiológicas e clínicas da Alopecia Areata, comorbilidades frequentemente associadas e principais limitações das atuais possibilidades terapêuticas. Igualmente com este intuito, e como forma de aproximar o racional teórico da prática clínica, é apresentado um resumo organizado de casos clínicos de Alopecia Areata diagnosticados e acompanhados no serviço de Dermatologia do Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, entre 2014 e 2016.Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition of multifactorial and unknown etiology which causes nonscarring air loss. It affects both children and adults, with no gender prevalence and as an unpredictable outcome which, in the majority of cases, is not affected by the available therapies. Several studies have shown that patients who suffer from this condition have a greater risk of anxiety disorders, atopy, vitiligo, thyroid pathology and other autoimmune conditions. The approach to Alopecia areata has remained a challenge due to the lack of randomized and controlled studies together with the innumerous doubts still associated with this disease. Corticotherapy has been the most used kind of therapy but limited success has been achieved in some forms of the disease. On the other hand, and despite its psychological burning, Alopecia areata does not carry direct health consequences and to only observe the progression of the illness, as the problem often spontaneously regresses, seems to be a reasonable and wise option in some cases. The current review aims to provide knowledge about the epidemiology, clinical features, usually associated clinical conditions and the state of art therapies of Alopecia Areata. It is also presented a set of clinical cases dating from 2014 to 2016 and collected from Centro Hospital Cova da Beira Dermatology Department with the intention of bringing theoretical and practical concepts together.
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Alexandre, Ana Sofia da Silva. "Alopecia psicogénica felina." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/29773.
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A alopecia psicogénica Felina é definida como uma síndroma comportamental que se carateriza por uma atitude compulsiva de self-grooming, que origina zonas alopécicas. Esta alopecia pode ser total ou parcial (hipotricose) e pode apresentar-se de forma focal, multifocal ou generalizada. É possível observar lesões secundárias nas zonas de alopecia como escoriações e hiperpigmentação. É sugerido que as raças orientais apresentam uma maior predisposição para desenvolver esta patologia, devido à sua personalidade mais ansiosa. No entanto outros fatores, como alterações nos hábitos quotidianos, ou perdas afetivas podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento deste síndroma. Em virtude de ser uma patologia sobrediagnosticada, é importante realizar a história clínica minuciosa do animal acompanhada de exame físico e exames complementares de diagnóstico de forma a que se possam excluir todas as causas de prurido e alopecia antes de se chegar ao diagnóstico definitivo, realizado após uma avaliação comportamental minuciosa, que passa por uma revisão da história comportamental bem como da observação direta do animal. O plano terapêutico deve incluir o tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico assim como a modelação do ambiente envolvente e o condicionamento do comportamento. Relativamente ao tratamento farmacológico, este incluí grupos farmacoterapêuticos como corticosteróides, antidepressivos, ansiolíticos e anticonvulsivantes. A terapêutica não farmacológica baseia-se no maneio ambiental, como a limitação de estímulos, que provoquem o overgrooming, eliminação/redução dos fatores de stress sociais e ambientais, enriquecimento ambiental e conceção de áreas confortáveis para o animal, bem como na modulação comportamental, que consiste no condicionamento e dessensibilização desse comportamento, através da introdução de novas atividades.
Conclui-se assim que, sendo esta uma patologia muito atípica, associada muitas vezes ao seu diagnóstico erróneo, devem ser realizados vários exames complementares de diagnóstico, bem como o uso de corticosteróides para excluir todas as situações de foro estritamente médico, e assim, chegar ao diagnóstico definitivo.
Com este trabalho pretendeu-se fazer uma revisão bibliográfica exaustiva da literatura científica existente, que contribuísse para a atualização do conhecimento, o qual é extremamente escasso.Feline Psychogenic Alopecia is defined as a behavioral syndrome characterized by a compulsive self-grooming, which originates alopecic areas. This alopecia can be total or partial (hypotrichosis) and may present itself in a focal, multifocal or generalized profile. Secondary injuries can be observed in the alopecic areas, such as excoriation and hyperpigmentation. It is suggested that oriental breeds show a greater predisposition to develop this pathology, due to their anxious personality. However, other factors such as changes in daily habits or affective losses can contribute towards the development of this syndrome. Due to this pathology being an overdiagnosed condition, it is important to check the animal’s detailed clinical history supported by a physical examination and other complementary diagnostics in order to exclude all possible causes for the pruritus and alopecia, before reaching the definitive diagnosis, carried after a thorough behavioral evaluation, through a review of its behavioral history as well as the direct observation of the animal itself. The therapeutic plan should include pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment as well as management of the surrounding environment and behavioral conditioning. Pharmacological treatment includes pharmacotherapeutic groups such as corticosteroids, antidepressants, anxiolytics and anticonvulsants. Non-pharmacological therapy is supported by an environmental management, such as limiting stimuli that cause overgrooming, elimination/reduction of social and environmental stressors, environmental enrichment and creation of comfortable areas for the animal, as well as behavioral modulation which consists in contraconditioning and desensitization this behavior, through the introduction of new activities. It is concluded that, since it is such an atypical pathology, in many cases associated with its misdiagnosis, several complementary diagnostic tests should be performed, as well as the use of corticosteroids to exclude any others medical conditions, hence reaching a definitive diagnosis. This work intends to produce an exhaustive bibliographical review of the scientific literature, that could contribute to improve the available data, which is extremely scarce.
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Oliveira, Francisca Ferreira de Melo dos Santos. "Alopecia ariata de origem dentária." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/86174.
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Machado, Inês de Oliveira e. Carmo Cyrilo. "Calvície e alopecia: revisão bibliográfica." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8402.
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Orientação: Liliana Tavares MarquesO cabelo é uma caraterística única presente nos seres humanos que apesar de não desempenhar uma função vital, desempenha um papel importante a nível da comunicação psicossocial. A alopecia, distúrbio que afeta o crescimento do cabelo, provoca alterações na aparência e cria impacto emocional no doente que desencadeia a procura de tratamento. Esta revisão bibliográfica trata-se de uma autoinvestigação sobre o tema onde são aprofundados conhecimentos da doença e se analisa de que modo a intervenção farmacêutica pode marcar a diferença. Entender a estrutura capilar e conhecer o ciclo de crescimento do cabelo torna-se crucial para a compreensão da doença uma vez que surge como resultado de mudanças que ocorrem no mesmo. São analisados aspetos clínicos, epidemiológicos e histopatológicos. Enfatiza-se a posição nosológica atual da alopecia androgenética, forma mais comum de perda de cabelo em ambos os sexos, caraterizada pela redução gradual do folículo piloso devido à indução de androgénios em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. Discutem se os possíveis mecanismos fisiológicos que dão origem à queda capilar bem como tratamentos utilizados na AAG. A dificuldade em alcançar o sucesso no tratamento da alopecia remete para uma breve abordagem sobre as novas terapêuticas e o modo como estas podem vir a revolucionar o mundo da dermocosmética aliada à farmacoterapia. A investigação científica desta patologia deve manter-se ativa e continua, mais estudos devem ser realizados de modo clarificar os processos que a desencadeiam pois só assim será possível superar obstáculos e alcançar tratamentos de sucesso.
Hair is a unique feature present in humans that although it doesn’t play a vital role, plays an important role in the psychosocial communication. Alopecia, a disorder that affects hair growth, causes changes in appearance and creates emotional impact on the patient that triggers the search for treatment. This literature review is about self-investigation on the topic where knowledge of the disease is deepened and analyzes how pharmaceutical intervention can make a difference. Understanding the hair structure and knowing the hair growth cycle becomes crucial to understanding the disease once it arises as a result of changes occurring in it. Clinical, epidemiological and histopathological aspects are analyzed. The current nosological position of androgenetic alopecia, the most common form of hair loss in both sexes, is characterized by the gradual reduction of the hair follicle due to the induction of androgens in genetically predisposed individuals. They discuss whether the possible physiological mechanisms that give rise to hair loss as well as treatments used in AAG. The difficulty in achieving success in the treatment of alopecia refers to a brief approach on the new therapies and how they can revolutionize the world of dermocosmetic combined with pharmacotherapy. The scientific investigation of this pathology must remain active and continue, further studies must be carried out in order to clarify the processes that trigger it, since only then will it be possible to overcome obstacles and achieve successful treatments.