Academic literature on the topic 'Alpha-humulene'

Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae) is a native species of the Atlantic Forest with medical importance. This study determined the essential oil variation of 16 populations of V. curassavica of restinga in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in response to drying and edaphoclimatic conditions. The populations supplied essential oil with a content between 0.27 to 1.15% in the summer and from 0.33 to 1.12% in the winter. 41 chemical compounds were identified in the summer and 40 in the winter. The compounds were grouped into 4 chemical classes in each station studied. The common chemical constituents found in the essential oil of all populations and in both seasons were α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, α-humulene, (E)-cariophylene, spatulenol, mircene, allo-aromadendrene, β-sesquifelandreno and α-zingiberene. Cluster analysis using the nearest neighbor method based on Euclidean distance grouped the 16 populations into 3 groups in the summer and 8 groups in the winter. As the habitats have distinct pedological characteristics, we identified that pH, organic matter, sum of bases and base saturation are associated with the synthesis of (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and allo-aromadendrene from populations.

Analysis by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of the essential oils obtained from leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus ("Chapéu de couro") from two different populations (Big Leaves and Small Leaves), collected monthly between September 1998 and December 1999 revealed 17 components. Phytol was the major constituent for both populations. The main sesquiterpene representatives are (E)-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and (E)-nerolidol.

Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common sage, Salvia officinalis L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield about 1.0%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituent was alpha thujone (40.1-46.5%). Other identified compounds are beta pinene (2.6-4.5%), cineole (3.5-8.7%), beta thujone (4.1-5.6%), camphor (4.1-8.0%), borneol (1.3-3.7%), alpha humulene (3.8-7.3%), viridiflorol (3.4-12.6%) and manool (0.1-4.5%). The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of alpha thujone in the period of initial flowering.

The first recorded electroantennographic preliminary studies on stingless bees have been performed using two species of Frieseomelitta from Brazil. Experiments with F. silvestrii and F. varia showed that antennae respond to hexane extracts of heads and abdomens of both species and posterior tibia of F. silvestrii (which carry plant resin), as well as to the pure compounds 2-heptanol and 2-nonanol, which occur in the mandibular glands of both species, and to the terpenes alpha-cubebene, humulene, and beta-caryophyllene found on their tibia and in the cerumen of their nests.

The aim of the study was to assess the yield of cones and the quality of six hop varieties (“Iunga”, “Lubelski”, “Sybilla”, “Magnum”, “Lomik”, “Marynka”) in terms of their suitability for beer production, under the conditions of the Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region (21°53′ E; 51°16′ N) (2015–2017). The scope of the research included the determination of the yield of cones and their physicochemical properties, as well as determination of the contents of hop resins and essential oils. In bitter varieties, the ratio of alpha-acids to beta-acids was stable, while, in aromatic varieties, it was variable. In the essential oils of the studied hop varieties, compounds with myrcene and α-humulene were identified and dominated the profiles. “Iunga”, “Sybilla”, “Lubelski”, and “Lomik” were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly myrcene, while there was a bit more α-humulene in the “Marynka” variety. “Magnum” was characterized by an even distribution of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The “Magnum variety turned out the most useful for the brewing industry in this region. The Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region is a region where hops not only achieve a high yield of cones, but also good-quality. The bitterness and aroma content of the hops in this region is high.

Postharvest pitting, which has severely affected citrus quality, can be caused by wax application and high temperature storage. Internal volatile composition of waxed and non-waxed fruit could be an indicator of fruit susceptibility to postharvest pitting. In this study, volatile composition was compared between pitted and non-pitted `Fallglo' tangerines [Bower citrus hybrid (citrus reticulata Blanco × C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.) × Temple (C. reticulata Blanco × C. sinensis L.)], as well as in white `Marsh' grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.). Pitted fruit had a higher volatile concentration than non-pitted `Fallglo' tangerines or white `Marsh' grapefruit. Concentrations of camphene, ethyl hexanoate, alpha-phellandrene, 3-carene, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, and limonene were higher in pitted white `Marsh' grapefruit than in those of non-pitted fruit. In `Fallglo' tangerines, higher concentrations of limonene and citronellal were found in pitted fruits than in non-pitted fruit. In peel samples of grapefruit, seven different volatiles (methanol, ocimene, citronellyl acetate, alpha-copaene, trans-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and valencene) were significantly higher in pitted peel than in non-pitted grapefruit peel. Volatiles, such as limonene could be used to predict peel disorders of white `Marsh' grapefruit and `Fallglo' tangerines during storage.

Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam is a plant popularly used as antimicrobial, for malaria and inflammatory treatment. The essential oil of Z. rhoifolium was extracted and its cytotoxic effects against HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), A-549 (human lung carcinoma), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma), Vero (monkey kidney) cell lines and mice macrophages were evaluated. Some of the terpenes of its essential oil (ß-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, alpha -pinene, myrcene and linalool) were also tested to verify their possible influence in the oil cytotoxic activity. The results obtained permitted to confirm that the essential oil is cytotoxic against tumoral cells (CD50 = 82.3, 90.7 and 113.6 µg/ml for A-549, HeLa e HT-29 cell lines, respectively), while it did not show cytotoxicity against non-tumoral cells (Vero and mice macrophages). Thus, the essential oil from Z. rhoifolium leaves seems to present a possible therapeuthic role due to its selective cytotoxic activity against tumoral cell lines.

Non-lethal, growth inhibiting allelochemicals have potential roles in host plant resistance to insects because they can extend the time the insects are exposed to other mortality factors. Four chemical constituents of the wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, PI 134417 were evaluated in artificial diet as growth inhibitors to Heliothis zea (Boddie): alpha-tomatine, chlorogenic acid, beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene. All caused small increases in developmental time, and, except for chlorogenic acid, small decreases in pupal weight. These changes may be too small to be of biological significance in host plant resistance. Our results suggest that the usual method of evaluating growth inhibitors, which is to weigh the insects after a fixed feeding period, is inadequate to assess the biological significance of any observed growth inhibitory effects. Because differences in weight after fixed feeding periods do not always translate into equivalent changes in developmental time or final weight, measurement of actual developmental time may be more appropriate.

ABSTRACT: To develop the herbal drug with the least side effects, there are superior opportunities to discover the medicinal and other biological properties. Natural products serve as sources of beneficial chemical molecules. For this study, Bauhinia acuminata an important medicinal plant of the Indian subcontinent that belongs to the family Fabaceae was chosen. The plant is well known for its precautionary action in tuberculosis. It has been established to possess some pharmacological activities such as membranes Stabilizing activity1, antibacterial2, anti-nociceptive3, thrombolytic activity4, antioxidant5, anthelmintic6, anti-diarrheal7, Hepato-protective 8. Phytoconstituents present in Bauhinia acuminata obey Lipinski's rule (MiLog P <5) except Kaempferol-3-glucoside indicated their drug-likeness property. Rhoeagenine, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid are the phytoconstituents showing all types of binding with all types of receptors binding except Kinase inhibitor activity. Rhoeagenine, Alpha humulene, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, Alpha muurolol, Beta-sitosterol, Kaempferol-3-glucoside are the phytoconstituents that are free from any type of toxicity. The accurate prediction scores can be used as monographs by researchers and scientists for the development of potential Semisynthetic and synthetic drugs for multifarious usage.

Accurate measurements of ammonia, nitric acid and formic acid are important for achieving a complete understanding of their atmospheric role. Models and measurements of formic acid in the atmosphere continue to show disagreements. Also, the contributions of NMHCs and reactive nitrogen (HNO3 and NH3) to organic and inorganic aerosol formation are important to quantify as gaps in the knowledge of atmospheric aerosols are a source of uncertainty in climate science. In this thesis, concentrations of ammonia were measured in the atmosphere and the production of formic acid from the ozonolysis of isoprene was measured in the EXTRA (EXTreme RAnge) chamber. Both gases were studied using chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (CIMS). The kinetics of the reactions of sesquiterpenes and terminal alkenes with ozone were studied in theEXTRA chamber using the relative rates technique and GC-FID. The ozonolysis rate coefficients of a homologous series of terminal alkenes were measured at elevated temperatures and found to be invariant with the carbon number. This led to the conclusion that previous measurements of these rate coefficients were subject to experimental artefacts. The elevated temperature protocol was employed to study the ozonolysis of sesquiterpenes, leading to revisions in ko3 for β-caryophyllene and α-humulene of 3 orders of magnitude. It was thus concluded that ozonolysis only accounts for 9-15% of sesquiterpeneoxidation in the atmosphere. A field intercomparison of CIMS for measuring ammonia was conducted wherein CIMS was found to perform well alongside instruments of comparable time response and limits of detection. This thesis also characterised inlet materials used in atmospheric measurements in the first systematic study on the uptake onto inlet walls in a flow tube system coupled to CIMS. It was found that PFA is the preferable material for atmospheric measurements, both for its kinetic qualities and its ready availability and ease of use. Finally, CIMS was used to measure the yield of formic acid from isoprene ozonolysis as a function of relative humidity. Formic acid yield was found to increase between 0-40% RH to a maximum of 0.18. Using the measured formic acid yields in a global chemistry model leads to an estimate that formic acid production from isoprene ozonolysis is ~9.5 Tg yr-1.

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Este trabalho avaliou agronômica e quimicamente 37 progênies de meios irmãos de Cordia verbenacea DC., espécie nativa de importância medicinal por causa de sua ação antiinflamatória. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de identificar progênies e indivíduos de C. verbenacea com boas características agrícolas e químicas, iniciando assim o processo de domesticação da espécie, visando promover seu cultivo, de modo a oferecer uma nova opção agrícola aos produtores rurais, contribuindo para a preservação da espécie e para utilização dos seus benefícios terapêuticos. Através de um ensaio agrícola em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições, foram avaliadas o comportamento de progênies de meios irmãos em três colheitas. As características analisadas foram: a produção de biomassa verde, de folhas secas, o índice de colheita, a produção de óleo essencial e a produção de alfa humuleno. A partir dos dados obtidos foi estimada a variabilidade disponível para o melhoramento, a herdabilidade das características analisadas, o progresso esperado com a seleção, a eficiência do método de seleção empregado e as correlações genéticas, ambientais e fenotípicas entre as características analisadas. Concluiu-se que as progênies possuíam ampla variação genética e que esta variação poderia ser explorada para fins de melhoramento. As herdabilidades calculadas para massa de folhas secas, porcentagem de óleo essencial e massa de óleo essencial foram de 0,52, 0,69 e 0,78 respectivamente, considerando-se as três colheitas. Calculando-se os ganhos por seleção, concluiu-se que podem ser esperados ganhos expressivos selecionando-se as melhores plantas dentro das melhores progênies. O método de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios irmãos empregado neste trabalho mostrou-se significantemente mais eficiente que os métodos de seleção entre progênies...
This dissertation evaluated agronomically and chemically 37 progenies of half-sib families of Cordia verbenacea DC., a native medicinal species important for its anti-inflammatory action. The objective of this research was to identify C. verbenacea individuals with good agricultural and chemical characteristics to start a domestication process, aiming at promoting cultivation and offering a new agricultural option to rural producers, thus contributing to preserve the species and to the use of its therapeutic properties. An agricultural experimental design of randomized blocks with four repetitions evaluated the behavior of half-sib families in three harvests. The characteristics analyzed were: fresh biomass and dry leaves production, harvest index, essential oil production, and alpha humulene production. The available variability for breeding, the heritability of the analyzed characteristics, the progress expected from selection, the efficiency of the chosen selection method, and the genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations between the characteristics analyzed were estimated from the collected data. It was concluded that the progenies had a broad genetic variability that could be explored for breeding. The heritabilities calculated for dried leaf biomass, essential oil percentage, mass of essential oil were, respectively, 52%, 0,69% and 0,78%, considering the three harvests. On estimating the gain from selection, the conclusion was that significant gain can be expected from the selection of the best plants between and within the best progenies. The selection method between and within half-sib families employed in this research proved to be considerably more efficient than methods such as selection between progenies, and mass and stratified mass selection. The correlations study shows that oil and alpha humulene production is closely related to biomass production, demonstrating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Norberto da Silva
Banca: Lin Chau Ming
Banca: Eduardo Pagani
Banca: Joaquim Adelino de Azevedo Filho
Banca: Walter José Siqueira
Resumo: Este trabalho avaliou agronômica e quimicamente 37 progênies de meios irmãos de Cordia verbenacea DC., espécie nativa de importância medicinal por causa de sua ação antiinflamatória. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de identificar progênies e indivíduos de C. verbenacea com boas características agrícolas e químicas, iniciando assim o processo de domesticação da espécie, visando promover seu cultivo, de modo a oferecer uma nova opção agrícola aos produtores rurais, contribuindo para a preservação da espécie e para utilização dos seus benefícios terapêuticos. Através de um ensaio agrícola em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições, foram avaliadas o comportamento de progênies de meios irmãos em três colheitas. As características analisadas foram: a produção de biomassa verde, de folhas secas, o índice de colheita, a produção de óleo essencial e a produção de alfa humuleno. A partir dos dados obtidos foi estimada a variabilidade disponível para o melhoramento, a herdabilidade das características analisadas, o progresso esperado com a seleção, a eficiência do método de seleção empregado e as correlações genéticas, ambientais e fenotípicas entre as características analisadas. Concluiu-se que as progênies possuíam ampla variação genética e que esta variação poderia ser explorada para fins de melhoramento. As herdabilidades calculadas para massa de folhas secas, porcentagem de óleo essencial e massa de óleo essencial foram de 0,52, 0,69 e 0,78 respectivamente, considerando-se as três colheitas. Calculando-se os ganhos por seleção, concluiu-se que podem ser esperados ganhos expressivos selecionando-se as melhores plantas dentro das melhores progênies. O método de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios irmãos empregado neste trabalho mostrou-se significantemente mais eficiente que os métodos de seleção entre progênies... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This dissertation evaluated agronomically and chemically 37 progenies of half-sib families of Cordia verbenacea DC., a native medicinal species important for its anti-inflammatory action. The objective of this research was to identify C. verbenacea individuals with good agricultural and chemical characteristics to start a domestication process, aiming at promoting cultivation and offering a new agricultural option to rural producers, thus contributing to preserve the species and to the use of its therapeutic properties. An agricultural experimental design of randomized blocks with four repetitions evaluated the behavior of half-sib families in three harvests. The characteristics analyzed were: fresh biomass and dry leaves production, harvest index, essential oil production, and alpha humulene production. The available variability for breeding, the heritability of the analyzed characteristics, the progress expected from selection, the efficiency of the chosen selection method, and the genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations between the characteristics analyzed were estimated from the collected data. It was concluded that the progenies had a broad genetic variability that could be explored for breeding. The heritabilities calculated for dried leaf biomass, essential oil percentage, mass of essential oil were, respectively, 52%, 0,69% and 0,78%, considering the three harvests. On estimating the gain from selection, the conclusion was that significant gain can be expected from the selection of the best plants between and within the best progenies. The selection method between and within half-sib families employed in this research proved to be considerably more efficient than methods such as selection between progenies, and mass and stratified mass selection. The correlations study shows that oil and alpha humulene production is closely related to biomass production, demonstrating... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Markéta Marešová Supervisor: Ing. Petra Matoušková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of alpha-humulene on adhesion of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 α-humulene is a sesquiterpene contained in the essential oil of Chinese Bayberry (Myrica rubra), which has various biological effects. The aim of this thesis was to study the cell adhesion of tumor cell line MDA-MB-231, and the effects of α-humulene on expression of cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of α-humulene on this cell line was verified. Effect of α-humulene on cell proliferation was evaluated by neutral red uptake test (NRU test) and by xCelligence system. Cell adhesion was also continuously monitored by xCelligence. Expression ganges of cell adhesion molecules upon α-humulene treatment were determined by Western blotting and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the protein and mRNA levels, respectively. The proliferation of the cells was significantly affected by α-humulene after 24 hour treatment (IC50 13.6 µg/ml). α-humulene alone caused slightly increased cell adhesion. Adhesion molecules EpCAM and β-cathenin were almost unaffected. Level of ICAM1 mRNA was increased after 12 hours and...