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Journal articles on the topic 'Alpha-humulene'
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1
Silva, Teomar Duarte da, Michele Trombin de Souza, Mireli Trombin de Souza, Roger Raupp Cipriano, Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo, and Cicero Deschamps. "Essential Oil Variation in Brazilian Varronia curassavica Jacq. in Response to Drying and Edaphoclimatic Conditions." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 8 (July 15, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n8p16.
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Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae) is a native species of the Atlantic Forest with medical importance. This study determined the essential oil variation of 16 populations of V. curassavica of restinga in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in response to drying and edaphoclimatic conditions. The populations supplied essential oil with a content between 0.27 to 1.15% in the summer and from 0.33 to 1.12% in the winter. 41 chemical compounds were identified in the summer and 40 in the winter. The compounds were grouped into 4 chemical classes in each station studied. The common chemical constituents found in the essential oil of all populations and in both seasons were α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, α-humulene, (E)-cariophylene, spatulenol, mircene, allo-aromadendrene, β-sesquifelandreno and α-zingiberene. Cluster analysis using the nearest neighbor method based on Euclidean distance grouped the 16 populations into 3 groups in the summer and 8 groups in the winter. As the habitats have distinct pedological characteristics, we identified that pH, organic matter, sum of bases and base saturation are associated with the synthesis of (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and allo-aromadendrene from populations.
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Pimenta, Daniel S., Maria Raquel Figueiredo, and Maria Auxiliadora C. Kaplan. "Essential oil from two populations of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli (Chapéu de couro)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, no. 4 (December 2006): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000400002.
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Analysis by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of the essential oils obtained from leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus ("Chapéu de couro") from two different populations (Big Leaves and Small Leaves), collected monthly between September 1998 and December 1999 revealed 17 components. Phytol was the major constituent for both populations. The main sesquiterpene representatives are (E)-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and (E)-nerolidol.
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ARRAIZA, Maria P., Carlos ARRABAL, and Jose V. LOPEZ. "Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Grown in Castilla - La Mancha (Central Spain)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40, no. 2 (November 5, 2012): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4028311.
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Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common sage, Salvia officinalis L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield about 1.0%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituent was alpha thujone (40.1-46.5%). Other identified compounds are beta pinene (2.6-4.5%), cineole (3.5-8.7%), beta thujone (4.1-5.6%), camphor (4.1-8.0%), borneol (1.3-3.7%), alpha humulene (3.8-7.3%), viridiflorol (3.4-12.6%) and manool (0.1-4.5%). The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of alpha thujone in the period of initial flowering.
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Patricio, E. F. L. R. A., L. Cruz-López, and E. D. Morgan. "Electroantennography in the study of two stingless bee species (Hymenoptera: meliponini)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 64, no. 4 (November 2004): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842004000500012.
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The first recorded electroantennographic preliminary studies on stingless bees have been performed using two species of Frieseomelitta from Brazil. Experiments with F. silvestrii and F. varia showed that antennae respond to hexane extracts of heads and abdomens of both species and posterior tibia of F. silvestrii (which carry plant resin), as well as to the pure compounds 2-heptanol and 2-nonanol, which occur in the mandibular glands of both species, and to the terpenes alpha-cubebene, humulene, and beta-caryophyllene found on their tibia and in the cerumen of their nests.
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Sawicka, Barbara, Mateusz Śpiewak, Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz, Dominika Skiba, Bernadetta Bienia, Barbara Krochmal-Marczak, and Piotr Pszczółkowski. "Assessment of the Suitability of Aromatic and High-Bitter Hop Varieties (Humulus lupulus L.) for Beer Production in the Conditions of the Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030104.
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The aim of the study was to assess the yield of cones and the quality of six hop varieties (“Iunga”, “Lubelski”, “Sybilla”, “Magnum”, “Lomik”, “Marynka”) in terms of their suitability for beer production, under the conditions of the Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region (21°53′ E; 51°16′ N) (2015–2017). The scope of the research included the determination of the yield of cones and their physicochemical properties, as well as determination of the contents of hop resins and essential oils. In bitter varieties, the ratio of alpha-acids to beta-acids was stable, while, in aromatic varieties, it was variable. In the essential oils of the studied hop varieties, compounds with myrcene and α-humulene were identified and dominated the profiles. “Iunga”, “Sybilla”, “Lubelski”, and “Lomik” were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly myrcene, while there was a bit more α-humulene in the “Marynka” variety. “Magnum” was characterized by an even distribution of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The “Magnum variety turned out the most useful for the brewing industry in this region. The Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region is a region where hops not only achieve a high yield of cones, but also good-quality. The bitterness and aroma content of the hops in this region is high.
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Dou, Huating. "Volatile Differences of Pitted and Non-pitted `Fallglo' Tangerine and White `Marsh' Grapefruit." HortScience 38, no. 7 (December 2003): 1408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.7.1408.
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Postharvest pitting, which has severely affected citrus quality, can be caused by wax application and high temperature storage. Internal volatile composition of waxed and non-waxed fruit could be an indicator of fruit susceptibility to postharvest pitting. In this study, volatile composition was compared between pitted and non-pitted `Fallglo' tangerines [Bower citrus hybrid (citrus reticulata Blanco × C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.) × Temple (C. reticulata Blanco × C. sinensis L.)], as well as in white `Marsh' grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.). Pitted fruit had a higher volatile concentration than non-pitted `Fallglo' tangerines or white `Marsh' grapefruit. Concentrations of camphene, ethyl hexanoate, alpha-phellandrene, 3-carene, alpha-terpinene, p-cymene, and limonene were higher in pitted white `Marsh' grapefruit than in those of non-pitted fruit. In `Fallglo' tangerines, higher concentrations of limonene and citronellal were found in pitted fruits than in non-pitted fruit. In peel samples of grapefruit, seven different volatiles (methanol, ocimene, citronellyl acetate, alpha-copaene, trans-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene and valencene) were significantly higher in pitted peel than in non-pitted grapefruit peel. Volatiles, such as limonene could be used to predict peel disorders of white `Marsh' grapefruit and `Fallglo' tangerines during storage.
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Silva, Saulo Luis da, Patrícia Maria Figueiredo, and Tomomasa Yano. "Cytotoxic evaluation of essential oil from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. leaves." Acta Amazonica 37, no. 2 (June 2007): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672007000200015.
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Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam is a plant popularly used as antimicrobial, for malaria and inflammatory treatment. The essential oil of Z. rhoifolium was extracted and its cytotoxic effects against HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), A-549 (human lung carcinoma), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma), Vero (monkey kidney) cell lines and mice macrophages were evaluated. Some of the terpenes of its essential oil (ß-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, alpha -pinene, myrcene and linalool) were also tested to verify their possible influence in the oil cytotoxic activity. The results obtained permitted to confirm that the essential oil is cytotoxic against tumoral cells (CD50 = 82.3, 90.7 and 113.6 µg/ml for A-549, HeLa e HT-29 cell lines, respectively), while it did not show cytotoxicity against non-tumoral cells (Vero and mice macrophages). Thus, the essential oil from Z. rhoifolium leaves seems to present a possible therapeuthic role due to its selective cytotoxic activity against tumoral cell lines.
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Farrar, Robert R., and George G. Kennedy. "Growth Inhibitors in Host Plant Resistance to Insects: Examples from a wild tomato with Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.46.
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Non-lethal, growth inhibiting allelochemicals have potential roles in host plant resistance to insects because they can extend the time the insects are exposed to other mortality factors. Four chemical constituents of the wild tomato, Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum, PI 134417 were evaluated in artificial diet as growth inhibitors to Heliothis zea (Boddie): alpha-tomatine, chlorogenic acid, beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene. All caused small increases in developmental time, and, except for chlorogenic acid, small decreases in pupal weight. These changes may be too small to be of biological significance in host plant resistance. Our results suggest that the usual method of evaluating growth inhibitors, which is to weigh the insects after a fixed feeding period, is inadequate to assess the biological significance of any observed growth inhibitory effects. Because differences in weight after fixed feeding periods do not always translate into equivalent changes in developmental time or final weight, measurement of actual developmental time may be more appropriate.
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Fernandes, Elizabeth S., Giselle F. Passos, Rodrigo Medeiros, Fernanda M. da Cunha, Juliano Ferreira, Maria M. Campos, Luiz F. Pianowski, and João B. Calixto. "Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds alpha-humulene and (−)-trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea." European Journal of Pharmacology 569, no. 3 (August 2007): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.059.
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Kudumula, Neelima, Noota Divya, Nagamalla Sravika, Saketha Priya, Pachava Anusha, and Mudavath Sai Jyotsna. "MOLECULAR PROPERTIES, BIOACTIVITY SCORES, AND TOXICITY PREDICTIONS OF THE PHYTOCONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN BAUHINIA ACUMINATA." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 07 (July 28, 2021): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i07.mp02.
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ABSTRACT:
To develop the herbal drug with the least side effects, there are superior opportunities to discover the medicinal and other biological properties. Natural products serve as sources of beneficial chemical molecules. For this study, Bauhinia acuminata an important medicinal plant of the Indian subcontinent that belongs to the family Fabaceae was chosen. The plant is well known for its precautionary action in tuberculosis. It has been established to possess some pharmacological activities such as membranes Stabilizing activity1, antibacterial2, anti-nociceptive3, thrombolytic activity4, antioxidant5, anthelmintic6, anti-diarrheal7, Hepato-protective 8.
Phytoconstituents present in Bauhinia acuminata obey Lipinski's rule (MiLog P <5) except Kaempferol-3-glucoside indicated their drug-likeness property. Rhoeagenine, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid are the phytoconstituents showing all types of binding with all types of receptors binding except Kinase inhibitor activity.
Rhoeagenine, Alpha humulene, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, Alpha muurolol, Beta-sitosterol, Kaempferol-3-glucoside are the phytoconstituents that are free from any type of toxicity. The accurate prediction scores can be used as monographs by researchers and scientists for the development of potential Semisynthetic and synthetic drugs for multifarious usage.
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Patzak, Josef, Vladimír Nesvadba, Karel Krofta, Alena Henychova, Arkady Inalovic Marzoev, and Ken Richards. "Evaluation of genetic variability of wild hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in Canada and the Caucasus region by chemical and molecular methods." Genome 53, no. 7 (July 2010): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-024.
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Wild hops ( Humulus lupulus L.) are potential new germplasms to expand the variability of genetic resources for hop breeding. We evaluated Canadian (62 plants) and Caucasian (58 plants) wild hops by their chemical characteristics and with molecular genetic analyses using sequence-tagged site and simple sequence repeat markers, in comparison with European (104 plants) and North American (27 plants) wild hops. The contents of alpha and beta acids varied from 0.36% to 5.11% and from 0.43% to 6.66% in Canadian wild hops, and from 0.85% to 3.65% and from 1.22% to 4.81% in Caucasian wild hops, respectively. The contents of cohumulone and colupulone distinctly differed between European and North American wild hops: the cohumulone level in alpha acids was in the range 46.1%–68.4% among North American wild hops and in the range 13.6%–30.6% among European wild hops. The high content of myrcene and the low contents of humulene, farnesene, and selinenes were typical for wild hops from Canada, in contrast to wild hops from the Caucasus region. We compared the chemical characteristics with molecular genetic data. Chemical characteristics differentiated wild hops into North American and Eurasian groups. Molecular genetic analysis was able to separate Caucasian wild hops from European wild hops. We proved a hop phylogeny by means of wide molecular analysis.
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Srivastava, Shweta. "ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE OILS OF CENTRATHERUM ANTHELMINTICUM AND CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER) 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 06–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.37021/ijper.v1i1.11.
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Introduction: Centratherum anthelminticum is an ethnomedicinal plant in India and a common ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations. The pharmacological effects of C. anthelminticum ranges from anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial to recently found anti-cancer activity. Citrus aurantifolia (Rutaceae) is mainly used in daily consumption, in many cultural cuisines, and in juice production. It is widely used because of its antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammation, anti-lipidemia, and antioxidant properties. Objective: To isolate and identify the compounds in the essential oils from the seeds of C. anthelminticum Kuntz and peels of C. aurantifolia (Christm.) swingle collected from the Delhi NCR region. Materials and Methods: The essential oils from seeds of C. anthelminticum Kuntz and peels of C. aurantifolia were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatography–mass spectrometer. Results: Chemical characterization of the volatile oil and seeds of C. anthelminticum Kuntz showed that the oil is greenish and semi viscous. The major component of the oil was found to be beta-caryophyllene (64.43%), beta-pinene (9.81%), alpha-humulene (4.64%), caryophyllene oxide (2.24%), gamma-elemene (1.73%), limonene (1.48%) and myrecene (0.11%). Whereas the major constituents of volatile oil from peels of C. aurantifolia comprises of twenty nine components viz. sesquiterpne alcohols (20.68%) including Globulol, Hurmularel, 6 - dien - 3 - ol. (-) -Spathulenol, ledol,alpha-bisabolol, - (-) Spathulenol and Sesquíterpene esters (20.68%), caryophyllene, alpha- Farnesene, alpha-Caryophylline, gamma -elemene, gamma-.neoclovene, monoterpene alcohol (13.79%). Conclusion: The present study revealed the chemical composition of essential oils of both the drugs under study which can be used as references in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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WAHYUNI, SRI, NURLIANI BERMAWIE, and NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA. "KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, POTENSI PRODUKSI DAN KOMPONEN UTAMA RIMPANG SEMBILAN NOMOR LEMPUYANG WANGI." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 19, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.99-107.
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<p>ABSTRAK<br />Lempuyang merupakan family Zingiberaceae, dan banyak<br />digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk obat/jamu sebagai peningkat stamina,<br />antikanker dan obat antiinfeksi. Balittro memiliki koleksi plasma nutfah<br />lempuyang yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai daerah. Potensi sifat tanaman<br />perlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui karakter potensial dan keunggulannya.<br />Karakterisasi sembilan aksesi lempuyang wangi dilakukan di KP. Cicurug<br />– Sukabumi Jawa Barat tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2010. Benih ditanam<br />dengan jarak tanam 60 x 40 cm, jumlah tanaman per plot 20 tanaman dan<br />diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada sepuluh tanaman terhadap<br />sifat morfologi tanaman, pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu rimpang. Hasil<br />pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa morfologi dan pertumbuhan tanaman<br />lempuyang bervariasi. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan,<br />jumlah daun panjang dan lebar daun, serta diameter batang antar aksesi<br />bervariasi. Produksi rimpang lempuyang wangi umumnya lebih dari 15<br />ton/ha, rimpang mempunyai banyak akar. Mutu simplisia rimpang adalah<br />kisaran kadar minyak atsiri 1,34–4,61%, kadar sari larut dalam air 16,22–<br />23,5%, kadar sari larut etanol 7,9–13,8%, kadar serat 5,47– 8,87% dan<br />kadar pati 40-50%. Hasil analisis ekstrak rimpang lempuyang dengan GC-<br />MS menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50 komponen terdeteksi. Zerumbone<br />merupakan komponen utama lempuyang dengan nilai sebesar 36–49%.<br />Komponen utama zerumbone dan acetic acid terdapat di semua aksesi.<br />Komponen utama lainnya di antaranya adalah alpha humulene, humulene<br />oxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo, caryophilene<br />oxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, dan 3-octyne 5-methyl.<br />Komposisi komponen utama antar aksesi berbeda senada dengan aroma<br />wangi yang ditimbulkan pada lempuyang. Sebanyak tujuh nomor aksesi<br />yang mempunyai keunggulan produksi lebih dari 15 t/ha, mutu minyak<br />atsiri lebih dari 1% dan zerumbone 40%.<br />Kata kunci: Zingiber aromaticum, produksi, komponen utama rimpang</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Wild ginger is one of Zingiberaceae family. Plant use as a medicine<br />for stamina improvement, anticancer and antiinfection. Balittro had<br />collected wild ginger from several area and potential characters should be<br />evaluated. Characterization was conducted at Cicurug experimental garden<br />– West Java on 2009-2010. Seed rhizome of nine accession was planted<br />with 60 x 40 cm space, twenty numbers of plant each plot and three<br />replication. Observation was carried out for morphological characters,<br />growth, yield, and rhizome quality. Result showed that there were<br />variations in morphology and growth of wild ginger. Plant height, numbers<br />of tillers, numbers of leaves, leaves length, leaves width, and stem<br />diameter among acessions were variate. Rhizome yield was generally more<br />than 15 ton/ha, rhizome having plenty of roots. Rhizome quality analysis<br />showed that among accessions have essential oil content range from 1.34-<br />4.61%, extract soluble water 16.22 – 23.5%, extract soluble ethanol 7.9-<br />13.88%, fiber content 5.47 – 8.87%, and carbohydrat content 40-50%.<br />GS-MS of wild ginger rhizome extract revealed totally around 50<br />constituent was detected. The highest constituent detected is zerumbone<br />(36-49%). Moreover, acetic acid also detected in all accession with value<br />range from 4.64 – 14.36%. Other major constituent are alpha humulene,<br />humulene oxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo,<br />caryophilene oxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, and 3-octyne 5-<br />methyl. The composition of major constituent among collection numbers is<br />different and reflected the differences of the flavour of the flesh rhizome.<br />Seven collection numbers are having yield potential more than 15 ton/ha,<br />essential oil content more than 1% dan zerumbone content 40%.<br />Key word: Zingiber aromaticum, rhizome yield, rhizome constituent</p>
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Nesvadba, Vladimír, Jitka Charvátová, Josef Vostřel, and Markéta Werschallová. "Evaluation of Czech hop cultivars since 2010 till 2019." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 12 (December 2, 2020): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/430/2020-pse.
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Czech hop cultivars were evaluated from 2010 to 2019. A total of 13 cultivars were assessed. The highest yield per plant was found out in cv. Kazbek (3.66 kg/plant), whereas the lowest in cv. Saazer (2.02 kg/plant). Rubín and Boomerang are the cultivars with the lowest variability of the yield per plant. On the contrary, the highest variability was shown by cv. Kazbek. Conclusively the highest content of alpha acids was recorded in cv. Gaia (13.81%), whereas Saazer is the cultivar with the lowest content (2.87%). Significantly highest content of beta acids were recorded in cvs. Gaia, Vital, Boomerang and Bohemie. On the contrary, the lowest content of beta acids was found in cvs. Saazer, Rubín and Bor (below 4%). Kazbek is the cultivar with the highest ratio of cohumulone (36.67% rel.). Cvs. Premiant and Harmonie show the lowest ratio of cohumulone (19.63% rel.). The lowest ratio of myrcene (18.91% rel.) and caryophyllene (8.26% rel.) was recorded in cv. Saazer. The highest ratio of farnesene was found in cv. Saazer (13.34% rel.) and cv. Saaz Late (10.22% rel.). A wide range was found in the ratio of humulene: from 2.15% rel. (cv. Vital) to 35.76% rel. (cv. Bor). Cv. Gaia has the highest ratio of selinene (19.77% rel.).
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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Tess Astatkie, and Ekaterina Jeliazkova. "Drying and Shade Effects on Spearmint Oil Yields and Composition." HortScience 49, no. 3 (March 2014): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.3.306.
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‘Native’ spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is one of the two most widely grown spearmints in the United States and in other countries. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of growing ‘Native’ spearmint as a cash crop for north–central Wyoming. Transportation and energy costs of commercial mint production can be reduced by drying the spearmint in windrows in the field for a few days after harvest and before oil extraction. This method of drying mint has been a common practice in the traditional mint production regions of the world. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effect of this drying method on the yield and composition of ‘Native’ spearmint oil. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in Wyoming to evaluate the effects of drying duration in days after harvest (DAH: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or 11) and drying conditions (shade and sun) on the yield of essential oil (EO) and on the concentrations of different oil constituents (beta-pinene, myrcene, limonene, eucalyptol, cis-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, cis-dihydro carvone, cis-carveol, carvone, iso-dihydro carveol acetate, beta-bourbonene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene/transbeta-farnesene, and germacrene D). Neither drying duration nor drying condition had a significant effect on oil yield. The average yield of essential oil was 0.25 g of oil per 100 g of fresh weight. Drying duration and drying conditions had a significant effect on the composition of EOs. The concentrations of myrcene and germacrene-D were higher in the EOs from plants dried under shade (3.2% and 2.4%, respectively) than the EOs from plants dried under direct sun (3% and 2.2%, respectively). The concentration of beta-pinene was higher in plants dried under direct sun than under shade (0.92% vs. 0.88%). Carvone ranged from 51% to 53% in the oil and was higher in EOs from plants dried for 1 and 2 DAH and lower in EOs from plants dried for 7 days. Drying of ‘Native’ spearmint under direct sun in Wyoming for up to 11 DAH can be used as an effective tool to reduce transportation and energy costs without affecting oil yields.
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Patil, Vilas T., and Varsha D. Jadhav. "GC-MS and FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC." Current Botany, January 5, 2021, 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6415.
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The current analysis was carried out to determine the chemical components in the leaves of R. minima (L.) DC. The GC-MS analysis of methanolic leaves extract of R. Minima indicated the presence of 19 compounds. The prevailing compounds of R. minima leaves were 1Pentadecene (14.31), alpha. Bisabolol (10.39%), 1Heptadecene (9.78%), Cyclohexene,4 (1,5dimethyl1,4hexadienyl (7.06%), 3Hexadecene (Z) (8.10%), Caryophyllene (6.58%), Neophytadiene (5.16%), Humulene (1.91%), Naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8 a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl (3.72%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (2.09%), Pentadecanone (3.13%), 8-Octadecanone (4.02%),1-Nonadecene (4.16%), Spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one,1,7-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl (2.97%), Neophytadiene (2.24%),(E)-. beta.-Famesene (1.92%), Cyclohexene,4-[(1E)-1,5-dimethyl-1,4-hexadien (1.80%), Cyclohexane,octyl (1.45%), beta Bisabolene (9.21%). These compounds have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hemolytic, insecticidal, and lubricant activity. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) leaf anlysis of R. minima shows lipid, protein, phosphate ion, carboxylic acid, hydroxy compound, aliphatic bromo compounds. The present study revealed that R. minima leaves represent various types of bioactive compounds. 1-Heptadecene with antibiotic activity, 8-Octadecanone shows antimicrobial activity and hexadecanoic acid, nematicide, antibiotic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic production of methyl ester.