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Lozano, Mary L., and Clifford K. Wong. "Multicultural Human Factors Concerns aboard the International Space Station Alpha." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 13 (October 1995): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901313.
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As we enter the 21st century, we can expect an increase of international spaceflight missions made up of crew members from different cultures. This study assesses the potential effects of cultural and interpersonal communication factors on crew interaction and crew operations for multicultural spaceflight crews. During international missions, crew members from different countries will be living and working together within the confined and isolated quarters of their spacecraft. On many International Space Station Alpha missions, a crew will consist of Canadian, European, Japanese, and U.S. personnel. Mission duration can range from 90 to 180 days for International Space Station Alpha and approximately two years for a round-trip manned mission to Mars. Effective and efficient multicultural crew interaction and operations will assume a major role in flight safety and mission success. By means of a questionnaire and personal interviews, information was gathered, indicating cultural characteristics considered to be most relevant for future spacefarers from the various nations involved in future International Space Station Alpha missions.
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Finkbeiner, Ann. "Near-Light-Speed Mission to Alpha Centauri." Scientific American 316, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0317-30.
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Derosa, Luca, and Claudio Maccone. "Propulsion tradeoffs for a mission to Alpha Centauri." Acta Astronautica 60, no. 8-9 (April 2007): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.10.003.
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Nishimura, J., T. Kashiwagi, T. Takashima, S. Okuno, K. Yoshida, K. Mori, M. Itoh, K. Saeki, and K. Furuichi. "Radon alpha-ray detector on-board lunar mission SELENE." Advances in Space Research 37, no. 1 (January 2006): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.036.
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Pino, Tommaso, and Christian Circi. "A star-photon sailcraft mission in the Alpha Centauri system." Advances in Space Research 59, no. 9 (May 2017): 2389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.02.014.
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BATTISTON, ROBERTO. "THE ALPHA MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER, A PARTICLE PHYSICS EXPERIMENT IN SPACE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2002): 1589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02011096.
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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a state of the art detector for the extrater-restrial study of matter, antimatter and missing matter. During the STS-91 precursor flight in may 1998 AMS collected nearly 100 millions of Cosmic Rays on Low Earth Orbit, measuring with high accuracy their composition. We review the results on the flux of proton, electron, positron and helium. Analysis of the under cutoff spectra indicates the existence of a new type of belts of energetic trapped particles characterized by a dominance of positrons versus electrons. AMS is currently being refurbished for a three year mission on the International Space Station where the its sensitivity to rare events will be increased by three to four orders of magnitude.
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Village, Andrew, and Leslie J. Francis. "Have Anglo-Catholics Lost their Vision for Mission Agencies? An Empirical Enquiry among Newly Ordained Clergy in Britain." Journal of Anglican Studies 10, no. 1 (May 24, 2011): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174035531100009x.
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AbstractAttitude toward Christian mission agencies was investigated in a sample of 827 Anglican clergy ordained in the UK from 2002 to 2006. The Scale of Attitude Toward Mission Agencies (SATMA) consisted of six items related to the work that agencies do, and whether clergy wished to engage with this work. It had a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). After controlling for theological liberalism or conservatism, attitudes were most positive among evangelicals and least positive among Anglo-Catholics. Both liberal and conservative Anglo-Catholic clergy showed less positive attitudes toward mission agencies than did other clergy.
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Gladstone, G. Randall, S. Alan Stern, Kurt D. Retherford, Ronald K. Black, David C. Slater, Michael W. Davis, Maarten H. Versteeg, et al. "LAMP: The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project on NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission." Space Science Reviews 150, no. 1-4 (December 12, 2009): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9578-6.
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Thorpe, Bill. "Remembering Reserves: The Deebing Creek Aboriginal Mission and Cemetery in Aboriginal History and Memory." Queensland Review 9, no. 2 (November 2002): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002993.
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Eight kilometres south-east of Ipswich, along the banks of Deebing Creek, lies the site of a former Aboriginal mission reserve which, from 1892 to 1915, accommodated Aboriginal people from across Queensland, displaced from their lands by encroaching white settlement and government intervention. Some came from faraway places – Normanton, Burketown, Cooktown, Townsville, Barcaldine, St George, Alpha, Mitchell, Cunnamulla, Roma, and even New South Wales. Others were from regions adjacent to the mission such as Logan, Beaudesert and Boonah and from nearby Ipswich, Purga and Deebing Creek itself.
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Albrecht, Mary Lewnes. "Pi Alpha Xi—A Tradition of Excellence in Floriculture, Landscape Horticulture, and Ornamental Horticulture." HortTechnology 12, no. 3 (January 2002): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.3.373.
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Pi Alpha Xi, founded in 1923, is the national honor society for floriculture, landscape horticulture and ornamental horticulture. Since its founding, it has grown to 36 chapters at baccalaureate-granting institutions. Its mission is to promote scholarship, fellowship, professional leadership, and the enrichment of human life through plants.
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KOUNINE, ANDREI. "THE ALPHA MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 21, no. 08 (August 2012): 1230005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301312300056.
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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a general purpose high energy particle detector which was successfully deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) on May 19, 2011 to conduct a unique long duration mission of fundamental physics research in space. Among the physics objectives of AMS are the searches for an understanding of Dark Matter, Anti-matter, the origin of cosmic rays and the exploration of new physics phenomena not possible to study with ground based experiments. This paper reviews the layout of the AMS-02 detector, tests and calibrations performed with the detector on the ground, and its performance on the ISS illustrated with data collected during the first year of operations in space.
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Winter, O. C., G. Valvano, T. S. Moura, G. Borderes-Motta, A. Amarante, and R. Sfair. "Asteroid triple-system 2001 SN263: surface characteristics and dynamical environment." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 4437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa097.
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ABSTRACT The (153591) 2001 SN263 asteroid system, a target of the first Brazilian interplanetary space mission, is one of the known three triple systems within the population of near-Earth asteroids. One of the mission objectives is to collect data about the formation of this system. The analysis of these data will help in the investigation of the physical and dynamical structures of the components (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma) of this system, in order to find vestiges related to its origin. In this work, we assume the irregular shape of the 2001 SN263 system components as uniform-density polyhedra and computationally investigate the gravitational field generated by these bodies. The goal is to explore the dynamical characteristics of the surface and environment around each component. Then, taking into account the rotational speed, we analyse their topographic features through the quantities geometric altitude, tilt, geopotential, slope, and surface accelerations among others. Additionally, the investigation of the environment around the bodies made it possible to construct zero-velocity curves, which delimit the location of equilibrium points. The Alpha component has a peculiar number of 12 equilibrium points, all of them located very close to its surface. In the cases of Beta and Gamma, we found four equilibrium points not so close to their surfaces. Then, performing numerical experiments around their equilibrium points, we identified the location and size of just one stable region, which is associated with an equilibrium point around Beta. Finally, we integrated a spherical cloud of particles around Alpha and identified the location on the surface of Alpha where the particles have fallen.
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Bailey, J., and M. Gruntman. "Experimental study of exospheric hydrogen atom distributions by Lyman-alpha detectors on the TWINS mission." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 116, A9 (September 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011ja016531.
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Chen, Bo, Hui Li, Ke-Fei Song, Quan-Feng Guo, Pei-Jie Zhang, Ling-Ping He, Shuang Dai, et al. "The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission – II. design of LST." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 19, no. 11 (November 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/19/11/159.
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Li, Hui, Bo Chen, Li Feng, Ying Li, Yu Huang, Jing-Wei Li, Lei Lu, et al. "The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission — I. Scientific objectives and overview." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 19, no. 11 (November 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/19/11/158.
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Feng, Li, Hui Li, Bo Chen, Ying Li, Roberto Susino, Yu Huang, Lei Lu, et al. "The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission – III. data and potential diagnostics." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 19, no. 11 (November 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/19/11/162.
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Lamanna, Giovanni. "Astrophysics and Particle Physics in Space with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 28 (September 14, 2003): 1951–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303011939.
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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a high energy particle physics experiment in space scheduled to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) by 2006 for a three-year mission. After a precursor flight of a prototype detector on board of the NASA Space Shuttle in June 1998, the construction of the detector in its final configuration is started and it will be completed by 2004. The purpose of this experiment is to provide a high statistics measurement of charged particles and nuclei in rigidity range 0.5 GV to few TV and to explore the high-energy (> 1 GeV ) gamma-ray sky. In this paper we describe the detector layout and present an overview of the main scientific goals both in the domain of astrophysics: cosmic-ray origin, age and propagation and the exploration of the most energetic gamma-ray sources; and in the domain of astroparticle: the anti-matter and the dark matter searches.
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Grantham, Hugh. "Tsunami ECHO Team Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 5 (October 2006): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004027.
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The ECHO Team was the second Australian team to arrive to Banda Aceh, Indonesia in response to the Southeast Asia Earthquake and Tsunami. The ECHO Team continued the work of the first Australian Team which consisted of members of the Alpha and Bravo Teams. The ECHO team left Australia on 08 January 2005. The following describes some of the more significant logistical challenges encountered by the ECHO Team.The issues the ECHO Team confronted were those expected during a mission to help to manage a disaster.
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Javelle, Emilie, Aurélie Mayet, Matthieu Million, Anthony Levasseur, Rodrigue S. Allodji, Catherine Marimoutou, Chrystel Lavagna, et al. "Gut Microbiota in Military International Travelers with Doxycycline Malaria Prophylaxis: Towards the Risk of a Simpson Paradox in the Human Microbiome Field." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081063.
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Dysbiosis, developed upon antibiotic administration, results in loss of diversity and shifts in the abundance of gut microbes. Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic widely used for malaria prophylaxis in travelers. We prospectively studied changes in the fecal microbiota of 15 French soldiers after a 4-month mission to Mali with doxycycline malaria prophylaxis, compared to changes in the microbiota of 28 soldiers deployed to Iraq and Lebanon without doxycycline. Stool samples were collected with clinical data before and after missions, and 16S rRNA sequenced on MiSeq targeting the V3-V4 region. Doxycycline exposure resulted in increased alpha-biodiversity and no significant beta-dissimilarities. It led to expansion in Bacteroides, with a reduction in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as in the group deployed without doxycycline. Doxycycline did not alter the community structure and was specifically associated with a reduction in Escherichia and expression of Rothia. Differences in the microbiota existed at baseline between military units but not within the studied groups. This group-effect highlighted the risk of a Simpson paradox in microbiome studies.
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Hovestadt, D., B. Andreychikov, B. Akhmetshin, J. Brückner, T. Economou, V. Frolov, B. Klecker, et al. "Measurement of the surface composition of the mars moon Phobos: The alpha-X experiment on the Phobos mission." Advances in Space Research 10, no. 3-4 (January 1990): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90325-t.
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Gowen, Brian B., Dale L. Barnard, Donald F. Smee, Min-Hui Wong, Anne M. Pace, Kie-Hoon Jung, Scott G. Winslow, Kevin W. Bailey, Lawrence M. Blatt, and Robert W. Sidwell. "Interferon Alfacon-1 Protects Hamsters from Lethal Pichinde Virus Infection." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 6 (June 2005): 2378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.6.2378-2386.2005.
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ABSTRACT Hemorrhagic fever of arenaviral origin is a frequently fatal infectious disease of considerable priority to the biodefense mission. Historically, the treatment of arenaviral infections with alpha interferons has not yielded favorable results. Here we present evidence that interferon alfacon-1, a nonnaturally occurring bioengineered alpha interferon approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, is active against Pichinde and Tacaribe arenaviruses in cell culture. In the hamster model of Pichinde virus (PCV) infection, interferon alfacon-1 treatment significantly protected animals from death, prolonged the survival of those that eventually died, reduced virus titers, and limited liver damage characteristic of PCV-induced disease. Moreover, interferon alfacon-1 also demonstrated therapeutic activity, to a lesser degree, when the initiation of treatment was delayed up to 2 days post-virus challenge. Despite the observed advantages of interferon alfacon-1 therapy, efforts to stimulate the immune system with the known interferon inducer poly(I:C12U) (Ampligen) offered only limited protection against lethal PCV challenge. Taken together, these data suggest that the increased potency of the bio-optimized interferon alfacon-1 molecule may be critical to the observed antiviral effects. These data are the first report demonstrating efficacious treatment of acute arenaviral disease with alpha interferon therapy, and further study is warranted.
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Owen, C. J., R. Bruno, S. Livi, P. Louarn, K. Al Janabi, F. Allegrini, C. Amoros, et al. "The Solar Orbiter Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) suite." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (September 30, 2020): A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937259.
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The Solar Orbiter mission seeks to make connections between the physical processes occurring at the Sun or in the solar corona and the nature of the solar wind created by those processes which is subsequently observed at the spacecraft. The mission also targets physical processes occurring in the solar wind itself during its journey from its source to the spacecraft. To meet the specific mission science goals, Solar Orbiter will be equipped with both remote-sensing and in-situ instruments which will make unprecedented measurements of the solar atmosphere and the inner heliosphere. A crucial set of measurements will be provided by the Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) suite of instruments. This suite consists of an Electron Analyser System (SWA-EAS), a Proton and Alpha particle Sensor (SWA-PAS), and a Heavy Ion Sensor (SWA-HIS) which are jointly served by a central control and data processing unit (SWA-DPU). Together these sensors will measure and categorise the vast majority of thermal and suprathermal ions and electrons in the solar wind and determine the abundances and charge states of the heavy ion populations. The three sensors in the SWA suite are each based on the top hat electrostatic analyser concept, which has been deployed on numerous space plasma missions. The SWA-EAS uses two such heads, each of which have 360° azimuth acceptance angles and ±45° aperture deflection plates. Together these two sensors, which are mounted on the end of the boom, will cover a full sky field-of-view (FoV) (except for blockages by the spacecraft and its appendages) and measure the full 3D velocity distribution function (VDF) of solar wind electrons in the energy range of a few eV to ∼5 keV. The SWA-PAS instrument also uses an electrostatic analyser with a more confined FoV (−24° to +42° × ±22.5° around the expected solar wind arrival direction), which nevertheless is capable of measuring the full 3D VDF of the protons and alpha particles arriving at the instrument in the energy range from 200 eV/q to 20 keV/e. Finally, SWA-HIS measures the composition and 3D VDFs of heavy ions in the bulk solar wind as well as those of the major constituents in the suprathermal energy range and those of pick-up ions. The sensor resolves the full 3D VDFs of the prominent heavy ions at a resolution of 5 min in normal mode and 30 s in burst mode. Additionally, SWA-HIS measures 3D VDFs of alpha particles at a 4 s resolution in burst mode. Measurements are over a FoV of −33° to +66° × ±20° around the expected solar wind arrival direction and at energies up to 80 keV/e. The mass resolution (m/Δm) is > 5. This paper describes how the three SWA scientific sensors, as delivered to the spacecraft, meet or exceed the performance requirements originally set out to achieve the mission’s science goals. We describe the motivation and specific requirements for each of the three sensors within the SWA suite, their expected science results, their main characteristics, and their operation through the central SWA-DPU. We describe the combined data products that we expect to return from the suite and provide to the Solar Orbiter Archive for use in scientific analyses by members of the wider solar and heliospheric communities. These unique data products will help reveal the nature of the solar wind as a function of both heliocentric distance and solar latitude. Indeed, SWA-HIS measurements of solar wind composition will be the first such measurements made in the inner heliosphere. The SWA data are crucial to efforts to link the in situ measurements of the solar wind made at the spacecraft with remote observations of candidate source regions. This is a novel aspect of the mission which will lead to significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms accelerating and heating the solar wind, driving eruptions and other transient phenomena on the Sun, and controlling the injection, acceleration, and transport of the energetic particles in the heliosphere.
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Lei, LU, LI Hui, HUANG Yu, FENG Li, ZHU Bo, WANG Peng, SONG De-chao, and GAN Wei-qun. "The Trigger and Termination Scheme for the Event Mode of the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) onboard the ASO-S Mission." Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 44, no. 4 (October 2020): 490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2020.11.005.
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Li, Hui, Bo Chen, Li Feng, Ying Li, Yu Huang, Jing-Wei Li, Lei Lu, et al. "Erratum: “The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission — I. Scientific objectives and overview” (2019, RAA, 19, 158)." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 21, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/2/49.
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Hassan, Roslizam, Jamilah Ahmad, and Yusof Boon. "The Practice of Instructional Leadership among Headmasters in The Southern Region of Malaysia." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i4.251.
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This study aims to identify the level of instructional leadership practice among headmasters in three states in the Southern Region of Malaysia which are Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. This quantitative research uses survey research design by using instructional leadership questionnaire (ILQ). The alpha Cronbach value of the pilot study for this questionnaire is .962. 390 teachers were involved in this study and they were chosen through cluster sampling from simple random samples. Statistical analysis for this research had used the software IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. This research found that the headmasters in the Southern Region of Malaysia are practicing instructional leadership at medium high level, in which all three dimensions recorded the mean score value between 3.796 to 3.965. To conclude, instructional leadership has been practiced in the Southern Region schools in driving the school towards achieving the targeted vision and mission.
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Muljaningsih, Sri, Multifiah Multifiah, and Ajeng Kartika Galuh. "Synergicity of Triple Helix Creative Economy Model in Malang." MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 34, no. 1 (June 19, 2018): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v34i1.3327.
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The Triple Helix concept, the government-academics-business relationship, has been established in response to the 2005-2025 Creative Economy Long-term National Development Plan, especially in the mission of economic value creation of creative innovation. This study explores the factors influencing sinergicity of the triple helix model with SMEs' organic product in Malang as its object. This research was conducted with mixed methodology of FGD and survey. Validity and reliability test were performed based on the Cronbach's Alpha value and after being fulfilled, continue with analysis factor. The result of analysis creates 3 factors, namely: 1) variable of creative industry driver subject; 2) variable of organic product's Moslem businessmen characteristic; 3) variable of creative industry supporting. It concludes that there is a correlation among those variables, but its sinergicity is not optimally done yet. The finding shows that there is a concept of creative economy product innovation sinergicity of triple helix model modification of Moslem SMEs in Malang.
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Biggerstaff, Marilyn A. "Development and Validation of the Social Work Career Influence Questionnaire." Research on Social Work Practice 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15527581-00010001-06.
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Objective: This research tested the Social Work Career Influence Questionnaire (SWCIQ) as a measurement tool for assessing career influence variables among master's of social work (MSW) students. Method: A nonprobability sample of 589 students from six MSW programs participated in the cross-sectional survey that included the SWCIQ. Four areas of career influence were identified using factor analytic techniques and item analysis: Personal and Family Experiences, Desire To Be a Therapist, Prestige of the Profession, and the Social Change Mission of the Profession. The four subscales each contain eight items with acceptable alpha levels (.76 to .81). Results: Aspirations for private practice were positively associated with higher scores on the Personal and Family Experiences, Desire To Be a Therapist and Prestige subscales. High scores on the Social Change dimension resulted regardless of the students' career aspirations. Conclusions: Career choice is a multidimensional construct matching personal and social change values regardless of MSW students' projected practice setting.
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Gordeuk, Victor R., Ishmael Kasvosve, Janneke van Dijk, Guenter Weiss, Zufan Debebe, Sergei Nekhai, Thea Kuddo, and Philip E. Thuma. "Altered Immune Response in Severe Malaria Anemia in Children." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1303.1303.
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Abstract We prospectively assessed immune markers in children <6 years with severe malarial anemia (hemoglobin <5.0 g/dL; n = 72) and uncomplicated malaria (n = 69) who presented to Macha Mission Hospital in Zambia’s Southern Province. We also studied 70 children <6 years who presented to well child clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe as controls. Compared to controls, children with uncomplicated malaria had significantly higher temperatures and parasite counts, lower hemoglobin and platelet concentrations, higher plasma levels of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 10 and lower levels of monocyte inhibitory factor (MIF). Compared to uncomplicated malaria, severe malaria anemia was associated with younger age, longer duration of fever and lower temperature on admission. Reticulocyte index and serum concentrations of bilirubin and LDH did not differ between the malaria groups, suggesting that unusually severe extra- or intra-medullary hemolysis did not explain the severe anemia. Higher white blood cell and platelet counts in the severe malaria group suggested that pan-suppression of the marrow was also not the primary cause. Of originally selected measures of inflammation, plasma levels of TNF-alpha and MIF did not differ between the malaria groups, but concentrations of both interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 were significantly lower in the severe anemia group (P <0.006). Additional testing revealed levels of interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-6, and IP-10 to be lower and levels of sFAS to be higher in the children with severe anemia versus uncomplicated malaria (P <0.0005). In a logistic regression model, severe malarial anemia was associated with younger age (P = 0.010), prior treatment with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or traditional medicine (P <0.32), lower levels of Interleukin-10 (P = 0.025) and higher levels of sFAS (P = 0.003) and TNFa (P = 0.013). Our results are consistent with a multifactorial cause of severe malarial anemia, possibly including infection with resistant plasmodia, over-expression of TNF-alpha in conjunction with under-expression of IL-10, and increased apoptosis.
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Lesnyak, A., G. Sonnenfeld, L. Avery, I. Konstantinova, M. Rykova, D. Meshkov, and T. Orlova. "Effect of SLS-2 spaceflight on immunologic parameters of rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.178.
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During the Spacelab Life Sciences-2 mission, rats were dissected in space and biosamples were returned to Earth for analysis. Immunologic studies addressed the kinetics of T lymphocyte proliferative responses, cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, and cytokine production. Experiments were performed by using spleen and bone marrow of rats dissected before flight, during flight, immediately after landing of the space shuttle (R + 0), or 14 days after landing (R + 14), as well as those of respective control animals. Each group consisted of five male Sprague-Dawley rats. It was demonstrated that T lymphocyte activity of rats dissected in flight was significantly decreased compared with the controls. This was observed during 48-, 72-, and 96-h cultivation and stimulation with the following mitogenic stimuli: concanavalin A (Con A; 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/ml), phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 2.5 mg/ml), and interleukin-2 (IL-2; 1 U/ml). The cell proliferation rate in rats dissected immediately after landing did not decrease, whereas that in rats dissected at R + 14 increased. The activity of spleen natural killer cells was reduced in response to 51Cr-labeled target cells during flight (YAC-1 and K-562) and after flight (YAC-1). At R + 14, their activity returned to normal. Another technique employed to measure natural cytotoxicity, using [3H]uridine-labeled target cells and ribonuclease, did not reveal any differences between control and experimental groups. In bone marrow, the activity of natural killer cells did not vary significantly. The production of IL-1, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and TNF-beta in spleen cell cultures of the flight rats was reduced. At R + 0, IL-1 and TNF-beta levels remained lowered, whereas TNF-alpha was increased. At R + 0, interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma levels were diminished. In summary, cell-mediated immunity in rats was significantly suppressed during flight. The time course variation of immune parameters after flight suggests that the changes may truly indicate a response of the immune system to spaceflight conditions that could increase over time.
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BAO, GANG, WEI-TOU NI, D. N. A. SHAUL, H. M. ARAUJO, LEI LIU, and T. J. SUMNER. "FURTHER TEST MASS CHARGING SIMULATIONS FOR ASTROD I." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 07 (July 2008): 965–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808012632.
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The electrostatic test mass charging in the ASTROD I (Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices I) mission can affect the quality of the science data due to spurious Coulomb and Lorentz forces. To estimate the size of the resultant disturbances, credible predictions of charging rates and the charging noise are required. Using the GEANT4 software toolkit, we present a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of ASTROD I test mass charging due to exposure of the spacecraft to galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) protons and alpha particles (3 He , 4 He ) in the space environment. A positive charging rate of 33.3 e+/s at solar minimum is predicted. The predicted rate reduces by 50% at solar maximum. Based on this charging rate and factoring in the contribution of minor cosmic-ray components, we calculate the acceleration noise and stiffness associated with charging. We conclude that the acceleration noise arising from Coulomb and Lorentz effects are well below the ASTROD I acceleration noise limit at 0.1 mHz both at solar minimum and maximum. The magnitude of coherent Fourier components due to charging are also estimated.
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Esser, K. A., and E. C. Hardeman. "Changes in contractile protein mRNA accumulation in response to spaceflight." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): C466—C471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.2.c466.
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Ten rats were exposed to 9 days of zero gravity aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration SLS-1 space mission (June 1991). Levels of fast and slow isoform mRNAs from six contractile protein gene families were quantified in the flight soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. The gene families studied were myosin light chain-1 (MLC-1), myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2), troponin (Tn) T, TnI, TnC, and tropomyosin. In the EDL muscle there was no change in slow mRNA levels with a general increase in fast mRNA levels from 23 to 232%. Changes in slow mRNA levels were seen in the flight soleus muscle with TnCslow and TnTslow levels increasing slightly, and MLC-1slow a, MLC-1slow b, TnIslow, alpha-Tmslow, and MLC-2slow levels decreasing. All fast mRNA levels increased in the flight soleus muscle from 170 to 1,100%. We can conclude that exposure to zero gravity results in 1) a general increase in fast mRNA levels in both fast and slow muscles and 2) differing directional changes in slow mRNA accumulation in the soleus muscle.
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Berkson, Jonathan M., and George W. DuPree. "United States Arctic Research Vessels." Marine Technology Society Journal 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533201788057882.
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Recent concerns with pollution and climate change in the Arctic have led to new monitoring and research programs that require the support of arctic research vessels. This paper reviews the status of U.S. surface and submersible research platforms with a focus on surface ships. During the Science Ice Expedition (SCICEX) program in the 1990s, U.S. Navy submarines were successfully used as research vessels and extensive oceanographic data were collected during under-ice transits. With the decommissioning of the Sturgeon-class submarines, future under-ice research cruises are uncertain and will depend on the availability of other ice-capable submarines or the development of high-endurance automous underwater vehicles. For scientific work on surface research vessels the U.S. has two multi-mission polar icebreakers and a new icebreaking research vessel. In addition, University of Alaska has begun concept designs for replacing the R/V Alpha Helix with an intermediatesized, ice-strengthened ship for oceanographic and fisheries research around the coast of Alaska. Two multi-mission Polar-class Coast Guard cutters, USCGC Polar Star and USCGC Polar Sea, are equipped to serve as oceanographic research vessels and have made important contributions to both Arctic and Antarctic science programs during the last twenty-five years. USCGC Healy, which was designed from the keel up as a research vessel and heavy icebreaker, is capable of supporting large multi-disciplinary studies. The ship, which will be operated as a dedicated Arctic research vessel, was delivered in November 1999, completed ice and science trials in July 2000, and conducted its first dedicated science cruise in the Eastern Arctic in the summer of 2001. The advent of Healy adds significantly to the U.S. science-support capability in the Arctic.
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Nusinov, Anatoliy A., Tamara V. Kazachevskaya, and Valeriya V. Katyushina. "Solar Extreme and Far Ultraviolet Radiation Modeling for Aeronomic Calculations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081454.
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Modeling the upper atmosphere and ionospheres on the basis of a mathematical description of physical processes requires knowledge of ultraviolet radiation fluxes from the Sun as an integral part of the model. Aeronomic models of variations in the radiation flux in the region of extreme (EUV) and far (FUV) radiation, based mainly on the data of the last TIMED mission measurements of the solar spectrum, are proposed. The EUVT model describes variations in the 5–105 nm spectral region, which are responsible for the ionization of the main components of the earth’s atmosphere. The FUVT model describes the flux changes in the 115–242 nm region, which determines heating of the upper atmosphere and the dissociation of molecular oxygen. Both models use the intensity of the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line as an input parameter, which can currently be considered as one of the main indices of solar activity and can be measured with relatively simpler photometers. A comparison of the results of model calculations with observations shows that the model error does not exceed 1–2% for the FUVT model, and 5.5% for EUVT, which is sufficient for calculating the parameters of the ionosphere and thermosphere.
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Javorčíková, Jana, Katarína Vanderková, Lenka Ližbetinová, Silvia Lorincová, and Miloš Hitka. "Teaching Performance of Slovak Primary School Teachers: Top Motivation Factors." Education Sciences 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070313.
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Teaching is a specific type of profession with a specific mission. In this study, the motivation level of primary school teachers in Slovakia in the period from 2015 to 2020 was analyzed. A total of 1189 Slovak teachers with a stratified selection were addressed. Cronbach’s Alpha, Tukey’s HSD (honest significant difference), and ANOVA were used to analyze the data obtained. The research results confirm that Slovak teachers are motivated most by relationship and financial factors. Other important motivation factors are atmosphere in the workplace, a good work team, a supervisor’s approach, a fair appraisal system, and a basic salary. The research also confirms that, over the duration of the study, there was a significant change in the average level of motivation factors; however, there was no change in their relative proportion and structure. In relation to gender, significant diachronic differences were confirmed. Research results prove that Slovak teachers have stable requirements in terms of motivation. This study’s findings will further help school management create effective motivation programs for primary school teachers. Regarding the fact that no similar research has been conducted in Slovakia in a long time, the research results presented here are original and unique.
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Adaskaveg, J. E., H. Förster, and J. H. Connell. "First Report of Fruit Rot and Associated Branch Dieback of Almond in California Caused by a Phomopsis Species Tentatively Identified as P. amygdali." Plant Disease 83, no. 11 (November 1999): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.1073c.
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A fruit rot of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. Webb.) was observed in an orchard in Durham, CA (Butte County), in June of 1998 after an unusually wet spring with a total precipitation of 17.2 cm for April and May. Disease incidence on fully developed fruit of almond cv. Sonora was nearly 90% in the lower tree canopy by July. Almond cv. Nonpareil grown in alternate rows in the same orchard was much less affected. Fruit symptoms included extensive grayish brown discolored and shriveled hulls, often associated with a clear gum secretion and shriveled kernels. Affected fruit frequently abscised. Leaf symptoms and branch dieback were not associated with the disease in 1998. In May of 1999, however, extensive twig dieback was observed on almond cv. Sonora in the same orchard. Isolations from more than 100 symptomatic fruit were conducted from 9 sampling sites in the 9-ha orchard. Based on morphological characteristics, the same fungus was isolated from 93% of the fruit. The fungus also was isolated consistently from samples exhibiting twig dieback. During a major disease survey conducted in 1998, the fungus was only incidentally isolated from almond fruit from other California orchards. Ascomata were not observed in vivo or in vitro. The fungus produced alpha and beta spores in pycnidia when cultured on potato dextrose agar. Spore measurements were obtained from 10 spores for each of 3 isolates obtained from fruit or twig dieback of almond cv. Sonora. Conidial dimensions of fruit and twig isolates were very similar. Based on spore sizes, with alpha spores measuring 5.3 to 7.5 (to 8) × 1.7 to 2.5 μm and beta spores measuring12.8 to 29.8 × 0.6 to 0.7 μm, the fungus was tentatively identified as Phomopsis amygdali (Del.) Tuset & Portilla (2). Previous reports on this fungus (2), however, indicated that beta spores are not produced in culture, and disease symptoms have not been observed on fruit. The fungus was morphologically different from other species of Phomopsis reported from almond and other Prunus species, including P. mali Roberts, P. padina (Sacc. & Roum.) Died., P. parabolica Petrak, P. perniciosa Grove, P. pruni (Ellis & Dearn.) Wehm., P. prunorum (Cooke) Grove, P. ribetejana Camara, and P. stipata (Lib.) Sutton (3). Field inoculation studies were performed in May of 1999 on almond cvs. Carmel and Mission. Almond fruit were wounded (2 × 2 × 2 mm) or left unwounded and were sprayed with water (control) or a suspension of alpha spores (105 spores per ml). Branches were bagged for 4 days to maintain high humidity. Fruit symptoms on cv. Carmel were observed after 4 weeks on wounded and nonwounded inoculated fruit, and P. amygdali was successfully reisolated from diseased tissue. No symptoms were observed in the control treatment for almond cv. Carmel or in any treatment for cv. Mission. This is the first report of P. amygdali causing a late spring and summer fruit rot and associated branch dieback of almond in North America (1). References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) J. J. Tuset and M. T. Portilla. Taxonomic status of Fusicoccum amygdali and Phomopsis amygdalina. Can. J. Bot. 67:1275, 1989. (3) F. A. Uecker. 1988. A World List of Phomopsis Names with Notes on Nomenclature, Morphology, and Biology. Mycologia Memoir No. 13. J. Cramer, Berlin.
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Paydar, Faranak, and Mohammad Salehi. "The Role of Cultural Capital in Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Case Study: Islamic Azad University of Mahmudabad)." Review of European Studies 9, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n2p130.
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Background: Developing and strengthening Organizational and Citizenship Behavior (OCB) needs various capitals such as Cultural Capital. The aim of this research was studying about the relation between cultural capital and organizational citizenship behavior and also predicting organizational and citizenship behavior.Materials and Methods: The method of this study was description. The Statistical population under study was composed of 380 MA students in Mahmud-Abad Islamic Azad University. Finally on the basis of Kook ran formula a sample of 191 people was chosen randomly stratified for this study. Standard questionnaire was used in this study. Bourdieu standard cultural capital questionnaire with kronbakh alpha factor .857 and Organ and Kanoski organizational and citizenship behavior questionnaire with the stability of .76 were used in this study for statistical analysis data with Pierson and Regression correlation factor was used to check the hypothesis. All data analysis was done with Spss 18.Results: Achievements of this study were shown that there is a meaningful correlation between cultural capital and OBC with the factor of 0.428. Also cultural capital with determination factor of .183 plays an important role in predicting OBC.Conclusion: Therefore universities must improve their culture index regarding their cultural mission in order to improve OBC which is a valuable and useful behavior. They achieve sustainable development through their evolutionary process.
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Sulieman Al-Adwan, Majd Fayez. "The Degree of Applying of Standards of Total Quality Management in Jordanian Universities in the Light of the International Standards." International Journal of Business and Management 15, no. 9 (August 30, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n9p179.
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This study aimed to know the degree of applying standards of total quality management in the Jordanian universities in the light of the international standards. The study population included all the heads of academic departments in the Jordanian universities for the academic year (2015/ 2016). The study sample has been chosen from the study population b using the stratified random method. To achieve the objectives study, the researcher developed the study tool that comprised the following domains: (vision, mission, objectives, operations management, continuous improvement, beneficiaries' satisfaction, evaluation), both the validity and reliability of the tool were verified. The researcher distributed the tool over the sample of the study and carried out the relative statistical processing. The results showed that the degree of applying the standards of total quality management in the Jordanian universities is medium, also it showed that there are no statistically significant differences at the (0.05= α) level attributed to (the gender, the specialization, and the years of experience). While as there are differences attributed to region variable, in favor the southern region. According to the results, the researcher recommended to hold training courses and field workshops in order to activate the standards of total quality management.
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Osborn, L., C. Vassallo, BG Browning, R. Tizard, DO Haskard, CD Benjamin, I. Dougas, and T. Kirchhausen. "Arrangement of domains, and amino acid residues required for binding of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 to its counter-receptor VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1)." Journal of Cell Biology 124, no. 4 (February 15, 1994): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.124.4.601.
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Interaction of the vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) with its counter-receptor very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) (integrin alpha 4 beta 1) is important for a number of developmental pathways and inflammatory functions. We are investigating the molecular mechanism of this binding, in the interest of developing new anti-inflammatory drugs that block it. In a previous report, we showed that the predominant form of VCAM-1 on stimulated endothelial cells, seven-domain VCAM (VCAM-7D), is a functionally bivalent molecule. One binding site requires the first and the other requires the homologous immunoglobulin-like domain. Rotary shadowing and electron microscopy of recombinant soluble VCAM-7D molecules suggests that the seven Ig-like domains are extended in a slightly bent linear array, rather than compactly folded together. We have systematically mutagenized the first domain of VCAM-6D (a monovalent, alternately spliced version mission domain 4) by replacing 3-4 amino acids of the VCAM sequence with corresponding portions of the related ICAM-1 molecule. Specific amino acids, important for binding VLA-4 include aspartate 40 (D40), which corresponds to the acidic ICAM-1 residue glutamate 34 (E34) previously reported to be essential for binding of ICAM-1 to its integrin counter-receptor LFA-1. A small region of VCAM including D40, QIDS, can be replaced by the similar ICAM-1 sequence, GIET, without affecting function or epitopes, indicating that this region is part of a general integrin-binding structure rather than a determinant of binding specificity for a particular integrin. The VCAM-1 sequence G65NEH also appears to be involved in binding VLA-4.
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Frymus, Agata. "Researching Black women and film history." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 20 (January 27, 2021): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.20.18.
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My project (Horizon 2020, 2018–20) traces Black female moviegoing in Harlem during the silent film era. The main challenge in uncovering the women’s stories is that historical paradigm has always prioritised the voices of the white, middle-class elite. In the field of Black film history, criticism expressed by male journalists—such as Lester A. Walton of New York Age—has understandably received the most attention (Everett; Field, Uplift). Black, working-class women are notoriously missing from the archive. How do we navigate historical records, with their own limits and absences? This paper argues for a broader engagement with historic artefacts—memoirs, correspondence and recollections—as necessary to re-centre film historiography towards the marginalised. It points to the ways in which we can learn from the scholars and methods of African American history to “fill in the gaps” in the study of historical spectatorship.
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Othman, Norazila, and Masahiro Kanazaki. "Development of Digital Flight Motion Methodology Based on Aerodynamic Derivatives Approximation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 2 (April 19, 2016): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0215.
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[abstFig src='/00280002/12.jpg' width=""300"" text='3D contour views of Cz [-0.4—1.05],Mach:0.6-1.4, Alpha:0°-30°' ]The accuracy of efficient flight simulation depends on the quality of the aerodynamic data used to simulate aircraft dynamic motion. The accuracy of such data prediction depends strongly on motion variables, aerodynamic derivatives, and the coefficients used when the complete global aerodynamic database is being building. A surrogate model applied as a prediction method based on several measured points (exact function) used to predict unknown points of interest helps reduce time taken by the experiment or computation. Latin hypercube sampling searches the solution space for aerodynamic data to optimize the experimental design, so the key objective is to develop an aircraft's efficient digital flight motion by solving equations of motion and predicting aerodynamic data using a surrogate model. To realize these goals, we use sample surrogate model data, acquired from empirical model USAF Stability and Control DATCOM. The database was built for two main variables, the angle of attack and the Mach number, along the longitudinal and lateral axes. Exact and predicted functions were compared by calculating the mean squared error (MSE). The digital flight was validated through mode motion analysis and a flight quality scale to prove flight mission capabilities. A comparison between results predicted by the surrogate model and the exact function showed that flight simulation analysis and prediction ability of the surrogate model are useful in future analyses.
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Martin, T. P., V. R. Edgerton, and R. E. Grindeland. "Influence of spaceflight on rat skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): 2318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2318.
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The size, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) activities, and alkaline myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) staining properties were determined from quantitative histochemical analyses of single fibers from five hindlimb muscles of six male rats exposed to a 7-day National Aeronautics and Space Administration spaceflight mission (SL-3). These same properties were determined in a group of ground-based control rats housed under simulated environmental conditions. The wet weight of each of the flight muscles was significantly reduced relative to control. However, the loss of mass varied from 36% in the soleus to 15% in the extensor digitorum longus. The cross-sectional areas of fibers in the flight muscles also were reduced, except for the dark ATPase fibers in the medial gastrocnemius. The greatest relative fiber atrophy occurred in the muscles with the highest proportion of light ATPase fibers. An increase in the percentage of dark ATPase fibers also was observed in flight muscles with a predominance of light ATPase fibers. Also, there was an increase in the biochemically determined myofibrillar ATPase activity of tissue sections of the flight soleus. No changes in histochemical or biochemical measures of ATPase activity were observed in the flight extensor digitorum longus. In general, the SDH activity of flight muscles was maintained, whereas GPD activity either was maintained or increased. Based on a metabolic profile of ATPase, SDH, and GPD, there was an increase in the proportion of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers in some muscles.
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Uppal, T., S. Raha, and S. Srivastava. "Trajectory feasibility evaluation using path prescribed control of unmanned aerial vehicle in differential algebraic equations framework." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1240 (May 31, 2017): 770–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.36.
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ABSTRACTMission simulation is a critical activity in the development and operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). It is important to ascertain the feasibility of a trajectory in a mission. In this work, an algorithm has been developed for feasibility study of a trajectory of a UAV using prescribed path optimal control through an inverse simulation method. This has been done under a Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE)/Inequalities (DAI) framework. The UAV model together with constraints is represented as a high index DAE system. The trajectory that UAV shall take is prescribed as one of the constraint equations. The solution for the DAE system is obtained using a variation of the alpha method that is capable of handling both equality and inequality constraints on system dynamics. The algorithm involves direct numerical integration of a DAI formulation in a time-stepping manner using a Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) solver that detects and satisfy active path constraints at each time step (mesh point). In this unique approach, the model and the constraints are always solved together. The method ensures stable solution at each time step, local minimum at each iteration of simulation and provides a regularised basis to the solver. A typical UAV trajectory has been simulated and demonstrated in this paper. This new approach can be used for path planning of UAVs before the actual control law is designed for flight control computer. Compared to other existing computationally intensive techniques, this approach is computationally simple, ensures continuous constraint satisfaction and provides a viable option for model predictive control of UAVs.
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Nukari, Emilia M. "The Degree of Practicing Distributed Leadership by Public Secondary School Principals in Amman Governorate and its Relation to Teachers’ Attitudes toward Work." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 5 (April 14, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n5p34.
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This study aimed at finding out the degree of practicing distributed leadership by public secondary school principals in Amman governorate and its relation to teachers’ attitudes toward work. The sample of the study consisted of (347) male and female teachers. They were chosen by using stratified random sample method. The descriptive correlational methodology was used. A questionnaire was used to collect data, after finding it validity and reliability. The findings of the study showed that the degree of practicing distributed leadership by public secondary school principals in Amman governorate from teachers’ point of view was low, The mean was (2.28) and a standard deviation of (0.23). The field of “vision, mission and goals” came in the first rank. Its mean was (2.31) and a standard deviation of (0.37). The field of leadership practices came in the final rank. The mean was (2.25) and a standard deviation of (0.35) and the level of teachers’ attitudes toward work was low too. There was a positive significant correlational relationship at (α ≤ 0.05) between the degree of practicing distributed leadership by public secondary school principals and the level of teachers’ attitudes toward work. The Pearson correlation coefficient value was (0.30).
The most important recommendations are: Conducting training courses on the distributed leadership of the principals of public secondary schools in Jordan. And that the Ministry of Education adopt the distributed leadership as a focal point in the evaluation process and the selection of school principals.
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Di Rienzo, M., P. Castiglioni, F. Iellamo, M. Volterrani, M. Pagani, G. Mancia, J. M. Karemaker, and G. Parati. "Dynamic adaptation of cardiac baroreflex sensitivity to prolonged exposure to microgravity: data from a 16-day spaceflight." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 5 (November 2008): 1569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90625.2008.
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This study explored the process of arterial baroreflex adaptation to microgravity, starting from the first day of flight, during the 16-day STS-107 Columbia Space Shuttle mission. Continuous blood pressure (BP), ECG, and respiratory frequency were collected in four astronauts on ground (baseline) and during flight at days 0–1, 6–7, and 12–13, both at rest and during moderate exercise (75 W) on a cycle ergometer. Sensitivity of the baroreflex heart rate control (BRS) was assessed by sequence and spectral alpha methods. Baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI); low-frequency (LF) power and high-frequency (HF) power of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and R-R interval (RRI); the RRI LF/HF ratio; and the RRI root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) index were also estimated. We found that, at rest, BRS increased in early flight phase, compared with baseline (means ± SE: 18.3 ± 3.4 vs. 10.4 ± 1.2 ms/mmHg; P < 0.05), and it tended to return to baseline in subsequent days. During exercise, BRS was lower than at rest, without differences between preflight and in-flight values. At rest, in the early flight phase, RMSSD and RRI HF power increased ( P < 0.05) compared with baseline, whereas LF powers of SBP and DBP decreased. No statistical difference was found in these parameters during exercise before vs. during flight. These findings demonstrate that heart rate baroreflex sensitivity and markers of cardiac vagal modulation are enhanced during early exposure to microgravity, likely because of the blood centralization, and return to baseline values in subsequent flight phases, possibly because of the fluid loss. No deconditioning seems to occur in the baroreflex control of the heart.
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Silweya, Timothy, and Dr Charles Muwe Mungule. "The Influence of Product Design Attributes on The Usage of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets in Kafue District, Zambia." International Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijhmnp.424.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between colour, shape and size of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and use. Methodology: This study used mixed methods research design. The research was conducted in Kafue district at Nangongwe and Kafue Mission Health Centre catchment areas. A simple random sampling approach was used to select 30 households (HHs) from a total of 300 HHs that had ITNs. Due to heavy rains, one HH was not reached hence sample size reduced to 29 HHs. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while Focus Group Discussions generated qualitative data. Multiple linear regression in excel was used to test the hypothesis. Findings: The current study indicates that maximum number of ITNs is between five and six per household. Majority of households have used ITNs for over ten years. Preference for white ITNs was high at 52%, rectangular nets 86.2% and double bed ITNs 100%. Hypothesis test using multiple linear regression indicate that 3.3% variation in use of ITNs is explained by colour, shape and size with a P-value of 0.85. Since this statistic is greater than alpha 0.05 at 95% confidence level there is strong evidence not to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that ITN attributes do not significantly influence use of ITNs.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study demonstrated that limits to growth system theory can be used to understand weaknesses of health promotion strategies. In practice housing standards must be integrated in health education activities for malaria prevention as they have been identified to be a limiting factor affecting use of ITNs.
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Mafini, Chengedzai. "The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Life Satisfaction: Empirical Evidence From Logistics Practitioners In A South African Steel-Making Company." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 13, no. 3 (April 28, 2014): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i3.8585.
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There has been an explosion of research interests centered upon the job satisfaction-life satisfaction nexus within organizations. Be that as it may, there is a relative paucity of research on the job satisfaction of logistics practitioners in general and limited evidence of studies that specifically address the issue of job satisfaction in the steel-making industry in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. The study followed a quantitative survey approach in which a three-section questionnaire was administered to 192 purposively selected logistics practitioners in a South African steel-making company. The Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were adapted for this study. Data were analysed through Principal Component Analysis using Varimax rotation, nonparametric correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics. Five job satisfaction factors, namely, skills utilisation, workplace flexibility, autonomy, teamwork, and remuneration were extracted. The five factors attained high Cronbach Alpha values above the recommended 0.70, which indicates high internal consistencies among the sub-scales. Positive, significant relationships were found between life satisfaction and two factors, namely, skills utilization and remuneration. Weak relationships were found between life satisfaction and three job satisfaction factors, namely, teamwork, workplace flexibility, and autonomy. Mean score rankings showed that among the job satisfaction factors, skills utilisation was more important to logistics practitioners. The study is important in that it provides further verification of the patterns in the relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. By examining the structural interplay between job and life satisfaction variables among logistics practitioners, organizations may be better equipped to initiate strategies of meeting the needs of their logistics workforce, thereby facilitating improved organizational performance as measured through the ability to deliver the right product to the right place at the right time, which is the mission of logistics.
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Akintayo, Dayo Idowu. "Human Capital Formation Programmes and Organizational Commitment among Industrial Workers in South -West Nigeria." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 4 (October 10, 2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i4.2516.
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The study investigated the impact of human capital formation programmes on organizational commitment of workers in industrial organizations in South-Western Nigeria. This study adopted ex-post-facto research method. A total of 240 respondents were selected for the study using proportionate stratified sampling technique. The Human Capital Formation Scale (HCFS) with three subset scales which include: Computer Skill Training Scale (CSTS) and Conflict Management Skill Training Scale (CMSTS) and Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS) was used for data collection. However, the research questions generated for the study were tested using Regression Analysis and t-test statistical method at 0.05 alpha levels. The finding of the study revealed that the human capital formation programmes (taken together) significantly influenced organizational commitment of workers. Also, finding revealed that computer skill training and conflict management skill training have significantly influenced organizational commitment of workers. It was found that there is no significant difference between male and female employees exposure to each of the human capital formation programmes. The finding further showed that there was no significant difference in the level of both male and female workers` participation in human capital formation programmes in both public and private organizations selected for the study. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that human capital formation programmes should be given priority by all establishments in order to forestall organizational commitment for all levels of workers. Also, training needs of the organization as well as that of workers must be identified before making recommendations for training. Moreover, human resource development policies should be well defined and be entrenched in the mission statement of all work organizations in Nigeria, in order to foster equity and promotional skill acquisition.
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Ebrahimi, Ali, and Hamidreza Banaeifard. "The influence of internal and external factors on the marketing strategic planning in SNOWA Corporation." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 8 (October 1, 2018): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2018-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of internal and external factors of SNOWA Corporation on its marketing strategic planning. Is there a relationship between internal and external factors and strategic marketing planning? How severe is this relationship? Design/methodology/approach The present study is an applied research using a descriptive-analytic method. The statistical sample of this research includes 300 personnel of SNOWA Corporation. Data were collected applying a standard questionnaire in a five-point Likert scale. Content validity ratio and content validity index were used to evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire, and a Cronbach’s alpha test was applied to assess its reliability. SPSS Software (factor analysis) and Amos Software (structural equation modeling) were applied to analyze the collected data. Results of this research show that internal and external factors influence the development of its marketing strategic planning. Findings Results of this research show that internal and external factors influence the development of SNOWA marketing strategic planning. Another result of this study is that the severity of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables varies from the viewpoint of the employees of different departments. Practical implications The study will help managers deal with environmental opportunities effectively while formulating corporation strategies. In addition, findings reveal that having vision and mission help managers find a clear way to reach the goals. Originality value This is one of a few papers to provide empirical evidence of the influence of internal and external factors of SNOWA Corporation on its marketing strategic planning. Identification of the external-internal factors used in formulating marketing strategic planning may prove useful for other researchers working in this under-researched area.
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Downes, Ronald A. "The stars with H-alpha missing." Astrophysical Journal 316 (May 1987): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/165241.
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Formaggio, Emanuela, Alessandra Del Felice, Marianna Cavinato, Silvia F. Storti, Chiara Arcaro, Cristina Turco, Luca Salvi, Renato Avesani, Francesco Piccione, and Paolo Manganotti. "EEG to Identify Attempted Movement in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 51, no. 5 (April 6, 2020): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059420911525.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment of consciousness following severe brain-injury is challenging. Our hypothesis is that electroencephalography (EEG) can provide information on awareness, in terms of oscillatory activity and network task–related modifications, in people with disorders of consciousness. Similar results were obtained with neuroimaging techniques; we aim at demonstrating the use of EEG, which is low cost and routinely implemented, to the same goal. Nineteen-channel EEG was recorded in 7 persons with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and in 10 healthy subjects during the execution of active (attempted movement) and passive motor tasks as well as 2 mental imagery tasks. Event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD), coherence and network parameters were calculated in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10 Hz), alpha2 (10-12 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz) ranges. In UWS subjects, passive movement induced a weak alpha2 ERD over contralateral sensorimotor area. During motor imagery, ERD was detected over the frontal and motor contralateral brain areas; during spatial imagery, ERS in lower alpha band over the right temporo-parietal regions was missing. In UWS, functional connectivity provided evidence of network disruption and isolation of the motor areas, which cannot dialog with adjacent network nodes, likely suggesting a diffuse structural alteration. Our findings suggest that people with a clinical diagnosis of UWS were able to modulate their brain activity when prompted to perform movement tasks and thus suggest EEG as a potential tool to support diagnosis of disorders of consciousness.