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Journal articles on the topic 'Alphavirus infections'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Rangel, Margarita V., and Kenneth A. Stapleford. "Alphavirus Virulence Determinants." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (2021): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080981.

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Alphaviruses are important pathogens that continue to cause outbreaks of disease in humans and animals worldwide. Diseases caused by alphavirus infections include acute symptoms of fever, rash, and nausea as well as chronic arthritis and severe-to-fatal conditions including myocarditis and encephalitis. Despite their prevalence and the significant public health threat they pose, there are currently no effective antiviral treatments or vaccines against alphaviruses. Various genetic determinants of alphavirus virulence, including genomic RNA elements and specific protein residues and domains, ha

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Costlow, Jessica L., Erika S. Krow, and J. Jordan Steele. "Imatinib Mesylate as an Effective Anti-viral Treatment for Alphavirus Infections." Fine Focus 3, no. 2 (2017): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.3.2.141-152.

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Alphaviruses are plus-strand RNA viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. There are very limited vaccines and treatment options available to those infected with alphaviruses, resulting in significant human and animal morbidity and mortality each year. Viruses are parasites of host cell metabolism and alphaviruses have been shown to increase glycolytic flux during infection to aid viral replication. Imatinib mesylate is an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used to treat several types of cancers. A hallmark of tumorous cells is an elevated metabolic rate and Imatinib successfully

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Xie, Yifan, Jie Cao, Shuyi Gan, et al. "TRIM32 inhibits Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection by targeting a late step in viral entry." PLOS Pathogens 20, no. 11 (2024): e1012312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012312.

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Alphaviruses are mosquito borne RNA viruses that are a reemerging public health threat. Alphaviruses have a broad host range, and can cause diverse disease outcomes like arthritis, and encephalitis. The host ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays critical roles in regulating cellular processes to control the infections with various viruses, including alphaviruses. Previous studies suggest alphaviruses hijack UPS for virus infection, but the molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In addition, whether certain E3 ubiquitin ligases or deubiquitinases act as alphavirus restriction facto

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Lundstrom, Kenneth. "Self-Replicating Alphaviruses: From Pathogens to Therapeutic Agents." Viruses 16, no. 11 (2024): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16111762.

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Alphaviruses are known for being model viruses for studying cellular functions related to viral infections but also for causing epidemics in different parts of the world. More recently, alphavirus-based expression systems have demonstrated efficacy as vaccines against infectious diseases and as therapeutic applications for different cancers. Point mutations in the non-structural alphaviral replicase genes have generated enhanced transgene expression and created temperature-sensitive expression vectors. The recently engineered trans-amplifying RNA system can provide higher translational efficie

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Henss, Lisa, Constanze Yue, Joshua Kandler, et al. "Establishment of an Alphavirus-Specific Neutralization Assay to Distinguish Infections with Different Members of the Semliki Forest complex." Viruses 11, no. 1 (2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11010082.

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Background: Alphaviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors and can be found worldwide. Alphaviruses of the Semliki Forest complex such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) or Ross River virus (RRV) cause acute febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia in humans, which cannot be clinically discriminated from a dengue virus or Zika virus infection. Alphaviruses utilize a diverse array of mosquito vectors for transmission and spread. For instance, adaptation of CHIKV to transmission by Aedes albopictus has increased its spread and resulted in large outbreaks in the Indian Ocean

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Malonis, Ryan J., James T. Earnest, Arthur S. Kim, et al. "Near-germline human monoclonal antibodies neutralize and protect against multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (2021): e2100104118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100104118.

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Arthritogenic alphaviruses are globally distributed, mosquito-transmitted viruses that cause rheumatological disease in humans and include Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and others. Although serological evidence suggests that some antibody-mediated heterologous immunity may be afforded by alphavirus infection, the extent to which broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect against multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses are elicited during natural infection remains unknown. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of MAYV-reactive alphavirus monoclonal antibodies (mAb

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Torres-Ruesta, Anthony, Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee, and Lisa F. P. Ng. "Insights into Antibody-Mediated Alphavirus Immunity and Vaccine Development Landscape." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050899.

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Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne pathogens distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate areas causing a wide range of symptoms ranging from inflammatory arthritis-like manifestations to the induction of encephalitis in humans. Historically, large outbreaks in susceptible populations have been recorded followed by the development of protective long-lasting antibody responses suggesting a potential advantageous role for a vaccine. Although the current understanding of alphavirus antibody-mediated immunity has been mainly gathered in natural and experimental settings of chikungunya virus (CHIKV

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Souza-Souza, Kauê F. C., Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Cláudio Cirne-Santos, Izabel C. N. P. Paixão, and Patrícia Burth. "Alphavirus Replication: The Role of Cardiac Glycosides and Ion Concentration in Host Cells." BioMed Research International 2020 (May 9, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2813253.

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Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that can cause fever, rash, arthralgias, and encephalitis. The mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the most frequent transmitters of alphaviruses. There are no effective vaccines or specific antivirals available for the treatment of alphavirus-related infections. Interestingly, changes in ion concentration in host cells have been characterized as critical regulators of the alphavirus life cycle, including fusion with the host cell, glycoprotein trafficking, genome translation, and viral budding. Cardiac glycosides, which are classica

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Deperasińska, Izabela, Patrycja Schulz, and Andrzej K. Siwicki. "Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)." Journal of Veterinary Research 62, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0001.

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AbstractSalmonid alphavirus (SAV), genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It is known to be responsible for pancreas disease (PD) and sleeping disease (SD) which are increasing problems, causing high fish mortality and economic losses in the European aquaculture industry. Pancreas disease was first described in Atlantic salmon in Scotland in 1976 and a similar disease caused by the closely related sleeping disease virus was first described in rainbow trout in France. There have also b

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Sherman, Michael B., and Scott C. Weaver. "Structure of the Recombinant Alphavirus Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Revealed by Cryoelectron Microscopy." Journal of Virology 84, no. 19 (2010): 9775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00876-10.

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ABSTRACT Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV; Togaviridae, Alphavirus) is an enveloped RNA virus that is typically transmitted to vertebrate hosts by infected mosquitoes. WEEV is an important cause of viral encephalitis in humans and horses in the Americas, and infection results in a range of disease, from mild flu-like illnesses to encephalitis, coma, and death. In addition to spreading via mosquito vectors, human WEEV infections can potentially occur directly via aerosol transmission. Due to its aerosol infectivity and virulence, WEEV is thus classified as a biological safety level 3 (BS

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Thibodeaux, Brett A., Nathan M. Liss, Amanda N. Panella, and John T. Roehrig. "Development of a Human-Murine Chimeric Immunoglobulin M for Use in the Serological Detection of Human Alphavirus Antibodies." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 12 (2011): 2181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05269-11.

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ABSTRACTDiagnosis of human alphaviral infections relies on serological techniques, such as the immunoglobulin M antibody capture–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). We have humanized the alphavirus broadly cross-reactive murine monoclonal antibody 1A4B-6 to create a reagent capable of replacing human positive sera in the MAC-ELISA for diagnosis of human alphaviral infections.

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Thibodeaux, Brett A., Amanda N. Panella, and John T. Roehrig. "Development of Human-Murine Chimeric Immunoglobulin G for Use in the Serological Detection of Human Flavivirus and Alphavirus Antibodies." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 10 (2010): 1617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00097-10.

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ABSTRACT Diagnosis of human arboviral infections relies heavily on serological techniques such as the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and the indirect IgG ELISA. Broad application of these assays is hindered by the lack of standardized positive human control sera that react with a wide variety of flaviviruses (e.g., dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, and Powassan viruses), or alphaviruses (e.g., Eastern equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and chikun

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Behnia, Mahgol, and Steven B. Bradfute. "The Host Non-Coding RNA Response to Alphavirus Infection." Viruses 15, no. 2 (2023): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020562.

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Alphaviruses are important human and animal pathogens that can cause a range of debilitating symptoms and are found worldwide. These include arthralgic diseases caused by Old-World viruses and encephalitis induced by infection with New-World alphaviruses. Non-coding RNAs do not encode for proteins, but can modulate cellular response pathways in a myriad of ways. There are several classes of non-coding RNAs, some more well-studied than others. Much research has focused on the mRNA response to infection against alphaviruses, but analysis of non-coding RNA responses has been more limited until re

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Zeng, Xiancheng, Suchetana Mukhopadhyay, and Charles L. Brooks. "Residue-level resolution of alphavirus envelope protein interactions in pH-dependent fusion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 7 (2015): 2034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414190112.

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Alphavirus envelope proteins, organized as trimers of E2–E1 heterodimers on the surface of the pathogenic alphavirus, mediate the low pH-triggered fusion of viral and endosomal membranes in human cells. The lack of specific treatment for alphaviral infections motivates our exploration of potential antiviral approaches by inhibiting one or more fusion steps in the common endocytic viral entry pathway. In this work, we performed constant pH molecular dynamics based on an atomic model of the alphavirus envelope with icosahedral symmetry. We have identified pH-sensitive residues that cause the lar

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Saha, Amrita, Badri Narayan Acharya, Manmohan Parida, Nandita Saxena, Jaya Rajaiya, and Paban Kumar Dash. "Identification of 2,4-Diaminoquinazoline Derivative as a Potential Small-Molecule Inhibitor against Chikungunya and Ross River Viruses." Viruses 15, no. 11 (2023): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15112194.

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Alphaviruses are serious zoonotic threats responsible for significant morbidity, causing arthritis or encephalitis. So far, no licensed drugs or vaccines are available to combat alphaviral infections. About 300,000 chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections have been reported in 2023, with more than 300 deaths, including reports of a few cases in the USA as well. The discovery and development of small-molecule drugs have been revolutionized over the last decade. Here, we employed a cell-based screening approach using a series of in-house small-molecule libraries to test for their ability to inhibit

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Cappuccio, Lucie, and Carine Maisse. "Infection of Mammals and Mosquitoes by Alphaviruses: Involvement of Cell Death." Cells 9, no. 12 (2020): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122612.

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Alphaviruses, such as the chikungunya virus, are emerging and re-emerging viruses that pose a global public health threat. They are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, mainly mosquitoes, to humans and animals. Although alphaviruses cause debilitating diseases in mammalian hosts, it appears that they have no pathological effect on the mosquito vector. Alphavirus/host interactions are increasingly studied at cellular and molecular levels. While it seems clear that apoptosis plays a key role in some human pathologies, the role of cell death in determining the outcome of infections in mosquit

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Torzyk, Karolina, Marcin Skoreński, and Marcin Sieńczyk. "ZNACZENIE AKTYWNOŚCI PROTEAZY KAPSYDOWEJ CP W ROZWOJU INFEKCJI ALFAWIRUSOWYCH." Wiadomości Chemiczne 76, no. 5 (2022): 309–21. https://doi.org/10.53584/wiadchem.2022.5.3.

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Alphaviruses belong to the worldwide distributed Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus. They are spherical, enveloped, single-stranded RNA arthropod- borne viruses. Alphaviruses are mostly transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes spp. and Anopheles spp.) and are geographically distributed in restricted areas where appropriate vectors are present (Fig.1.). The most recognized members of this genus are Sindbis (SINV), Semliki Forest (SFV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEEV), Ross River (RRV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Alphaviruses are infection agents for humans and many animals. Clinically,

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Linn, May La, L. Mateo, J. Gardner, and A. Suhrbier. "Alphavirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Recognize a Cross-Reactive Epitope from the Capsid Protein and Can Eliminate Virus from Persistently Infected Macrophages." Journal of Virology 72, no. 6 (1998): 5146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.6.5146-5153.1998.

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ABSTRACT Persistent alphavirus infections in synovial and neural tissues are believed to be associated with chronic arthritis and encephalitis, respectively, and represent likely targets for CD8+ αβ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Here we show that the capsid protein is a dominant target for alphavirus-specific CTL in BALB/c mice and that capsid-specific CTL from these mice recognize anH-2Kd restricted epitope, QYSGGRFTI. This epitope lies in the highly conserved region of the capsid protein, and QYSGGRFTI-specific CTL were cross reactive across a range of Old World alphaviruses. In vivo the ac

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Sandenon Seteyen, Anne-Laure, Emmanuelle Girard-Valenciennes, Axelle Septembre-Malaterre, Philippe Gasque, Pascale Guiraud, and Jimmy Sélambarom. "Anti-Alphaviral Alkaloids: Focus on Some Isoquinolines, Indoles and Quinolizidines." Molecules 27, no. 16 (2022): 5080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165080.

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The discovery and the development of safe and efficient therapeutics against arthritogenic alphaviruses (e.g., chikungunya virus) remain a continuous challenge. Alkaloids are structurally diverse and naturally occurring compounds in plants, with a wide range of biological activities including beneficial effects against prominent pathogenic viruses and inflammation. In this short review, we discuss the effects of some alkaloids of three biologically relevant structural classes (isoquinolines, indoles and quinolizidines). Based on various experimental models (viral infections and chronic disease

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Ventoso, Iván, Juan José Berlanga, René Toribio, and Irene Díaz-López. "Translational Control of Alphavirus–Host Interactions: Implications in Viral Evolution, Tropism and Antiviral Response." Viruses 16, no. 2 (2024): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16020205.

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Alphaviruses can replicate in arthropods and in many vertebrate species including humankind, but only in vertebrate cells do infections with these viruses result in a strong inhibition of host translation and transcription. Translation shutoff by alphaviruses is a multifactorial process that involves both host- and virus-induced mechanisms, and some of them are not completely understood. Alphavirus genomes contain cis-acting elements (RNA structures and dinucleotide composition) and encode protein activities that promote the translational and transcriptional resistance to type I IFN-induced an

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Simmons, Jason D., Laura J. White, Thomas E. Morrison, et al. "Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Disrupts STAT1 Signaling by Distinct Mechanisms Independent of Host Shutoff." Journal of Virology 83, no. 20 (2009): 10571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01041-09.

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ABSTRACT Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an important human and veterinary pathogen causing sporadic epizootic outbreaks of potentially fatal encephalitis. The type I interferon (IFN) system plays a central role in controlling VEEV and other alphavirus infections, and IFN evasion is likely an important determinant of whether these viruses disseminate and cause disease within their hosts. Alphaviruses are thought to limit the induction of type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes by shutting off host cell macromolecular synthesis, which in the case of VEEV is partially mediated by the

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Poddar, Subhajit, Jennifer L. Hyde, Matthew J. Gorman, Michael Farzan, and Michael S. Diamond. "The Interferon-Stimulated Gene IFITM3 Restricts Infection and Pathogenesis of Arthritogenic and Encephalitic Alphaviruses." Journal of Virology 90, no. 19 (2016): 8780–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00655-16.

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ABSTRACTHost cells respond to viral infections by producing type I interferon (IFN), which induces the expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although ISGs mediate a protective state against many pathogens, the antiviral functions of the majority of these genes have not been identified. IFITM3 is a small transmembrane ISG that restricts a broad range of viruses, including orthomyxoviruses, flaviviruses, filoviruses, and coronaviruses. Here, we show that alphavirus infection is increased inIfitm3−/−andIfitmlocus deletion (Ifitm-del) fibroblasts and, reciprocally, reduced

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Van Huizen, Eline, and Gerald M. McInerney. "Activation of the PI3K-AKT Pathway by Old World Alphaviruses." Cells 9, no. 4 (2020): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040970.

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Alphaviruses can infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts, including birds, horses, primates, and humans, in which infection can lead to rash, fever, encephalitis, and arthralgia or arthritis. They are most often transmitted by mosquitoes in which they establish persistent, asymptomatic infections. Currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral therapies for any alphavirus. Several Old World alphaviruses, including Semliki Forest virus, Ross River virus and chikungunya virus, activate or hyperactivate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway in vertebrate cells, potentially influenc

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Petrov, A. A., V. N. Lebedev, T. M. Plekhanova, et al. "Future Developments and Applications of the Vaccines against Dangerous Viral Infections, RNA-Replicon-Based, Obtained from the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (September 20, 2014): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2014-3-86-91.

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The members of the Filoviridae (Marburg and Ebola viruses) and Arenaviridae (Lassa, Lujo, Machupo, Junin, Guanarito, Sabia viruses) families are the etiological agents of particularly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. These agents pose a potential threat to public health care in view of the possibility of their unintended import into the non-endemic regions, and thus construction of specific medical protectors as regards induced by them diseases is a pressing issue. According to leading experts, vaccination of the cohorts that fall in the risk groups is the most effective and least expensive

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Haist, Kelsey Cornell, Kristina S. Burrack, Michael S. Diamond, Mehul S. Suthar, and Thomas E. Morrison. "Ly6Chi monocytes control acute Ross River virus infection through an IRF7-dependent mechanism that can be counteracted by determinants in nsP1." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 61.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.61.7.

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Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) are mosquito-transmitted alphaviruses that cause large epidemics of debilitating musculoskeletal disease. Monocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these infections; however, their specific roles are not clearly defined. To investigate the role of inflammatory Ly6Chi CCR2+ monocytes in alphavirus pathogenesis, we used CCR2-DTR transgenic mice, enabling depletion of these cells by administering diphtheria toxin (DT). Compared to DT-treated WT mice, DT-treated CCR2-DTR+ mice exhibited reduced weight gain and more severe di

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Bakovic, Allison, Nishank Bhalla, Farhang Alem, Catherine Campbell, Weidong Zhou, and Aarthi Narayanan. "Inhibitors of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Identified Based on Host Interaction Partners of Viral Non-Structural Protein 3." Viruses 13, no. 8 (2021): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081533.

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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a new world alphavirus and a category B select agent. Currently, no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics are available to treat VEEV exposure and resultant disease manifestations. The C-terminus of the VEEV non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) facilitates cell-specific and virus-specific host factor binding preferences among alphaviruses, thereby providing targets of interest when designing novel antiviral therapeutics. In this study, we utilized an overexpression construct encoding HA-tagged nsP3 to identify host proteins that interact with VEEV nsP3

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McLoughlin, M. F., and D. A. Graham. "Alphavirus infections in salmonids ? a review." Journal of Fish Diseases 30, no. 9 (2007): 511–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00848.x.

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Elmasri, Zeinab, Benjamin L. Nasal, and Joyce Jose. "Alphavirus-Induced Membrane Rearrangements during Replication, Assembly, and Budding." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (2021): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080984.

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Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses mainly transmitted by hematophagous insects that cause moderate to fatal disease in humans and other animals. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antivirals to mitigate alphavirus infections. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of alphavirus-induced structures and their functions in infected cells. Throughout their lifecycle, alphaviruses induce several structural modifications, including replication spherules, type I and type II cytopathic vacuoles, and filopodial extensions. Type I cytopathic vacuoles are replication-induced st

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Haikerwal, Amrita, Michael D. Barrera, Nishank Bhalla, et al. "Inhibition of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Using Small Interfering RNAs." Viruses 14, no. 8 (2022): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081628.

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Acutely infectious new world alphaviruses such as Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) pose important challenges to the human population due to a lack of effective therapeutic intervention strategies. Small interfering RNAs that can selectively target the viral genome (vsiRNAs) has been observed to offer survival advantages in several in vitro and in vivo models of acute virus infections, including alphaviruses such as Chikungunya virus and filoviruses such as Ebola virus. In this study, novel vsiRNAs that targeted conserved regions in the nonstructural and structural genes of the VEEV

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Powers, Ann M., Lauren E. Williamson, Robert H. Carnahan, et al. "Developing a Prototype Pathogen Plan and Research Priorities for the Alphaviruses." Journal of Infectious Diseases 228, Supplement_6 (2023): S414—S426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac326.

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Abstract The Togaviridae family, genus, Alphavirus, includes several mosquito-borne human pathogens with the potential to spread to near pandemic proportions. Most of these are zoonotic, with spillover infections of humans and domestic animals, but a few such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have the ability to use humans as amplification hosts for transmission in urban settings and explosive outbreaks. Most alphaviruses cause nonspecific acute febrile illness, with pathogenesis sometimes leading to either encephalitis or arthralgic manifestations with severe and chronic morbidity and occasional m

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Boghdeh, Niloufar A., Brittany McGraw, Michael D. Barrera, et al. "Inhibitors of the Ubiquitin-Mediated Signaling Pathway Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activities against New World Alphaviruses." Viruses 15, no. 3 (2023): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030655.

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New World alphaviruses including Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV) are mosquito-transmitted viruses that cause disease in humans and equines. There are currently no FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines to treat or prevent exposure-associated encephalitic disease. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-associated signaling events are known to play an important role in the establishment of a productive infection for several acutely infectious viruses. The critical engagement of the UPS-associated signaling mechanisms by many viruses as host–

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Schultz, Emily M., TyAnthony J. Jones, and Kelli L. Barr. "Antibodies for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Protect Embryoid Bodies from Chikungunya Virus." Viruses 12, no. 3 (2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030262.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that causes febrile illness punctuated by severe polyarthralgia. After the emergence of CHIKV in the Western Hemisphere, multiple reports of congenital infections were published that documented neurological complications, cardiac defects, respiratory distress, and miscarriage. The Western Hemisphere is endemic to several alphaviruses, and whether antigenic cross-reactivity can impact the course of infection has not been explored. Recent advances in biomedical engineering have produced cell co-culture models that replicate the cellular interface at the

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Artsob, Harvey, and Leslie Spence. "Imported Arbovirus Infections in Canada 1974-89." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, no. 3 (1991): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/678906.

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From 1974 to 1989, sera from symptomatic patients with histories of recent travel outside Canada were tested for antibodies to several arboviruses, principally of the alphavirus and flavivirus families. Diagnostic seroconversions were documented in 84 individuals from six provinces, including one alphavirus (Chikungunya) and 83 flavivirus seroconvertors. Dengue 1 virus was isolated from the blood of one patient. Most flavivirus seroconvertors were likely infected with dengue virus, but infections with tick-borne encephalitis, St Louis encephalitis and Powassan viruses were also recognized. Pat

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MAJ-PALUCH, JOANNA, and MICHAŁ REICHERT. "Role of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in co-infections with other viruses." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6050–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6050.

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Co-infection is an infection of more than one pathogen. In aquatic environment, the most common occurrence is appearance of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in the presence of other viruses such as infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), or salmonid alphavirus (SAV). In most cases, the IPN virus reduces the proliferation of other viruses in cell cultures or in the internal organs of salmonids, for example in IHNV or ISAV co-infections. However, it happens that there is no significant effect on

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Mostafavi, Helen, Eranga Abeyratne, Ali Zaid, and Adam Taylor. "Arthritogenic Alphavirus-Induced Immunopathology and Targeting Host Inflammation as A Therapeutic Strategy for Alphaviral Disease." Viruses 11, no. 3 (2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030290.

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Arthritogenic alphaviruses are a group of medically important arboviruses that cause inflammatory musculoskeletal disease in humans with debilitating symptoms, such as arthralgia, arthritis, and myalgia. The arthritogenic, or Old World, alphaviruses are capable of causing explosive outbreaks, with some viruses of major global concern. At present, there are no specific therapeutics or commercially available vaccines available to prevent alphaviral disease. Infected patients are typically treated with analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to provide often inadequate symptomatic re

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MAJ-PALUCH, JOANNA, and MICHAŁ REICHERT. "Role of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in co-infections with other viruses." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 4 (2018): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6086.

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Co-infection is an infection of more than one pathogen. In an aquatic environment, the most common occurrence is the appearance of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in the presence of other viruses such as infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), or salmonid alphavirus (SAV). In most cases, the IPN virus reduces the proliferation of other viruses in cell cultures or in the internal organs of salmonids; for example, in IHNV or ISAV co-infections. However, it also happens that there is no signific

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Moreira Marrero, Lucía, Germán Botto Nuñez, Sandra Frabasile, and Adriana Delfraro. "Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats." Viruses 14, no. 2 (2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020269.

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Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South American indigenous species. In this work, we report t

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Moreira, Marrero Lucía, Nuñez Germán Botto, Sandra Frabasile, and Adriana Delfraro. "Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats." Viruses 14, no. 2 (2022): 269. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439525.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South Ame

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Moreira, Marrero Lucía, Nuñez Germán Botto, Sandra Frabasile, and Adriana Delfraro. "Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats." Viruses 14, no. 2 (2022): 269. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439525.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South Ame

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40

Moreira, Marrero Lucía, Nuñez Germán Botto, Sandra Frabasile, and Adriana Delfraro. "Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats." Viruses 14, no. 2 (2022): 269. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439525.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South Ame

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41

Moreira, Marrero Lucía, Nuñez Germán Botto, Sandra Frabasile, and Adriana Delfraro. "Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats." Viruses 14, no. 2 (2022): 269. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439525.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South Ame

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42

Moreira, Marrero Lucía, Nuñez Germán Botto, Sandra Frabasile, and Adriana Delfraro. "Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats." Viruses 14, no. 2 (2022): 269. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439525.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South Ame

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Reyna, Rachel A., and Scott C. Weaver. "Sequelae and Animal Modeling of Encephalitic Alphavirus Infections." Viruses 15, no. 2 (2023): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020382.

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Eastern (EEEV), Venezuelan (VEEV), and western equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV) are members of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae. Typically spread by mosquitoes, EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV induce febrile illness that may develop into more severe encephalitic disease, resulting in myriad severe neurologic sequelae for which there are no vaccines or therapeutics. Here, we summarize the clinical neurologic findings and sequelae induced by these three encephalitic viruses and describe the various animal models available to study them. We emphasize the crucial need for the development of advance

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Sawicki, Dorothea L., Robert H. Silverman, Bryan R. Williams, and Stanley G. Sawicki. "Alphavirus Minus-Strand Synthesis and Persistence in Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts Derived from Mice Lacking RNase L and Protein Kinase R." Journal of Virology 77, no. 3 (2003): 1801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.3.1801-1811.2003.

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ABSTRACT We report our studies to probe the possible role of the host response to double-stranded RNA in cessation of alphavirus minus-strand synthesis. Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) from Mx1-deficient mice that also lack either the protein kinase R (PKR) or the latent RNase L or both PKR and RNase L were screened. In RNase L-deficient but not wild-type or PKR-deficient MEF, there was continuous synthesis of minus-strand templates and the formation of new replication complexes producing viral plus strands. Inhibiting translation caused minus-strand synthesis to stop and a loss of transcriptio

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Frolov, Ilya, Eugene Agapov, Thomas A. Hoffman, et al. "Selection of RNA Replicons Capable of Persistent Noncytopathic Replication in Mammalian Cells." Journal of Virology 73, no. 5 (1999): 3854–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.5.3854-3865.1999.

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ABSTRACT The natural life cycle of alphaviruses, a group of plus-strand RNA viruses, involves transmission to vertebrate hosts via mosquitoes. Chronic infections are established in mosquitoes (and usually in mosquito cell cultures), but infection of susceptible vertebrate cells typically results in rapid shutoff of host mRNA translation and cell death. Using engineered Sindbis virus RNA replicons expressing puromycin acetyltransferase as a dominant selectable marker, we identified mutations allowing persistent, noncytopathic replication in BHK-21 cells. Two of these adaptive mutations involved

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Landers, V. Douglas, Daniel W. Wilkey, Michael L. Merchant, Thomas C. Mitchell, and Kevin J. Sokoloski. "The Alphaviral Capsid Protein Inhibits IRAK1-Dependent TLR Signaling." Viruses 13, no. 3 (2021): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030377.

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Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses which can cause either mild to severe febrile arthritis which may persist for months, or encephalitis which can lead to death or lifelong cognitive impairments. The non-assembly molecular role(s), functions, and protein–protein interactions of the alphavirus capsid proteins have been largely overlooked. Here we detail the use of a BioID2 biotin ligase system to identify the protein–protein interactions of the Sindbis virus capsid protein. These efforts led to the discovery of a series of novel host–pathogen interactions, including the identification

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Haist, Kelsey Cornell, Kristina S. Burrack, Michael S. Diamond, and Thomas E. Morrison. "Ly6Chi monocytes mediate control of acute alphavirus infection by MAVS-dependent production of type I IFN." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 158.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.158.6.

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Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) are mosquito-borne alphaviruses that cause epidemics of debilitating musculoskeletal disease. Monocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these infections, but their specific roles are less clear. To assess the role of monocytes in alphavirus pathogenesis, we used CCR2-DTR transgenic mice to deplete CCR2+ cells by administering diphtheria toxin (DT). DT-treated CCR2-DTR+ mice showed reduced weight gain and more severe disease following infection and had fewer Ly6Chi monocytes and NK cells in circulation compared to DT-trea

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Şahiner, Fatih. "Basic Characteristics of Medically Important Alphaviruses (Togaviridae)." Life and Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.54584/lms.2022.1.

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<strong>Özet</strong> Uluslararası Virüs Sınıflandırma Komitesi (<em>International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</em>; ICTV) tarafından yayımlanan raporlara göre tür düzeyinde tanımlanan virüslerin sayısı son birkaç yılda 5.561’den (ICTV 2018b) 9.110’a (ICTV 2020) ulaşmıştır. Yeni geliştirilen moleküler biyoloji teknikleri ve yaygınlaşan saha çalışmaları yanında, virüslerin sadece enfeksiyöz patojenler olarak görüldüğü ve tanımlandığı geleneksel bakışın aksine virüslerin aşı çalışmaları ve

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Şahiner, Fatih. "Basic Characteristics of Medically Important Alphaviruses (Togaviridae)." Life and Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5656703.

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<strong>Özet</strong> Uluslararası Virüs Sınıflandırma Komitesi (<em>International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</em>; ICTV) tarafından yayımlanan raporlara göre tür düzeyinde tanımlanan virüslerin sayısı son birkaç yılda 5.561’den (ICTV 2018b) 9.110’a (ICTV 2020) ulaşmıştır. Yeni geliştirilen moleküler biyoloji teknikleri ve yaygınlaşan saha çalışmaları yanında, virüslerin sadece enfeksiyöz patojenler olarak görüldüğü ve tanımlandığı geleneksel bakışın aksine virüslerin aşı çalışmaları ve

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Guarido, Milehna M., Isabel Fourie, Kgothatso Meno, et al. "Alphaviruses Detected in Mosquitoes in the North-Eastern Regions of South Africa, 2014 to 2018." Viruses 15, no. 2 (2023): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020414.

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The prevalence and distribution of African alphaviruses such as chikungunya have increased in recent years. Therefore, a better understanding of the local distribution of alphaviruses in vectors across the African continent is important. Here, entomological surveillance was performed from 2014 to 2018 at selected sites in north-eastern parts of South Africa where alphaviruses have been identified during outbreaks in humans and animals in the past. Mosquitoes were collected using a net, CDC-light, and BG-traps. An alphavirus genus-specific nested RT-PCR was used for screening, and positive pool

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