Academic literature on the topic 'Alpine grassland'
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Journal articles on the topic "Alpine grassland"
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Zhang, Yuanye, Xia Wang, Yuxin Sun, et al. "Hydrolases Control Soil Carbon Sequestration in Alpine Grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (2024): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093508.
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Microbial-sourced carbon is an important component of soil organic carbon (SOC) and influences SOC’s size and turnover. Soil extracellular enzymes can participate in the degradation of plants in the soil to produce substances needed by microorganisms, which in turn affects microbial sources of carbon. Most of the current studies focus on the effects of soil extracellular enzymes on SOC pools, while there is a lack of clarity regarding the effects on microbial sources of carbon during SOC pool formation. In this paper, three typical grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine grassland, and desert grassland, respectively) on the Tibetan Plateau were selected as research objects to investigate the effects of grassland type and soil depth on microbial-sourced carbon (amino sugars) and soil extracellular enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes: β-glucosidase and cellulase; oxidative enzymes: peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) in the soil profiles. Our study shows that the content of amino sugars in the three grassland types followed the order: alpine meadow > alpine grassland > desert grassland; the content of hydrolytic enzyme followed the order of alpine meadow > alpine grassland > desert grassland; the content of oxidative enzyme followed the order of desert grassland > alpine grassland > alpine meadow; amino sugars content showed a positive correlation with hydrolytic enzymes and a negative correlation with oxidative enzymes; and the hydrolytic enzyme was the main factor promoting the accumulation of amino sugars. The environmental conditions of alpine meadows and alpine grasslands are more favorable for the formation of microbial-derived carbon and have greater sequestration potential, while desert grasslands are not favorable for the formation of microbial-derived carbon. The results of this study provide a reference basis for exploring the model of organic carbon sequestration in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Li, Meng, Xianzhou Zhang, Yongtao He, Ben Niu, and Jianshuang Wu. "Assessment of the vulnerability of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." PeerJ 8 (February 6, 2020): e8513. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8513.
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Assessing ecosystem vulnerability to climate change is critical for sustainable and adaptive ecosystem management. Alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are considered to be vulnerable to climate change, yet the ecosystem tends to maintain stability by increasing resilience and decreasing sensitivity. To date, the spatial pattern of grassland vulnerability to climate change and the mechanisms that vegetation applies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on grasslands by altering relevant ecosystem characteristics, especially sensitivity and resilience, remain unknown. In this study, we first assessed the spatial pattern of grassland vulnerability to climate change by integrating exposure, sensitivity, and resilience simultaneously, and then identified its driving forces. The results show that grasslands with high vulnerability were mainly located on the edges of the plateau, whereas alpine grasslands in the hinterlands of the plateau showed a low vulnerability. This spatial pattern of alpine grassland vulnerability was controlled by climatic exposure, and grassland sensitivity and resilience to climate change might also exacerbate or alleviate the degree of vulnerability. Climate change had variable impacts on different grassland types. Desert steppes were more vulnerable to climate change than alpine meadows and alpine steppes because of the high variability in environmental factors and their low ability to recover from perturbations. Our findings also confirm that grazing intensity, a quantitative index of the most important human disturbance on alpine grasslands in this plateau, was significantly correlated with ecosystem vulnerability. Moderate grazing intensity was of benefit for increasing grassland resilience and then subsequently reducing grassland vulnerability. Thus, this study suggests that future assessments of ecosystem vulnerability should not ignore anthropogenic disturbances, which might benefit environmental protection and sustainable management of grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Ma, Li, Qing Wang, and Tianzhi Huang. "Soil Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Degraded Alpine Grassland in Northwest Sichuan." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 18, no. 3 (2024): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2385.
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Alpine grasslands are important ecosystems providing a variety of ecosystem services. However, alpine grassland degradation poses significant threats impacting soil health, stabilization and soil ecosystem function. This study aims to investigate the soil ecological stoichiometric characteristics and influencing factors in alpine grasslands, to find the primary contributing factors in soil degradation process. Soil samples were collected from alpine grassland areas with varying degrees of degradation, including non-, lightly, moderately and severely degraded (ND, LD, MD, SD). Soil characteristics including soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), available nitrogen (AN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were measured. The results revealed that soil TN, N:P ratios and C:P ratios were below the average level of China’s soil, while C:N ratio were above the average. With increasing aggravation of grassland degradation, SOC, TP, AN, MBN and MBC significantly decreased. Correlation were observed between SOC and C:N ratios as well as C:P ratios in alpine grassland with different degradation degrees (P < 0.05). The C:N ratios in degraded grasslands were lower than those in ND grasslands but higher than the average level of China’s soil. Additionally, the N:P and C:P ratios of LD and MD were significantly higher than those of ND, but lower than the China’s soil average level. In conclusion, soil degradation in alpine grasslands is associated with lower TN contents, higher C:N ratios, and lower N:P ratios, which can impact soil organic matter decomposition and act as plant growth restriction factor. This study provides comprehensive insights into the ecological stoichiometry of alpine grasslands, understanding these factors is essential for the sustainable management of alpine grasslands and restoration strategies for the ecosystem services.
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Liang, Yuling, Hui Zhao, Zhengrong Yuan, Da Wei, and Xiaodan Wang. "Ecological Restoration Projects Adapt Response of Net Primary Productivity of Alpine Grasslands to Climate Change Aross the Tibetan Plateau." Remote Sensing 16, no. 23 (2024): 4444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16234444.
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Alpine grassland is sensitive to climate change, and many studies have explored the trends in alpine vegetation. Most research focuses on the effects of climate warming and increased humidity on vegetation greening. However, less attention has been given to the positive impacts of human activities, particularly ecological restoration projects (ERPs). Our study utilized the CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) model to simulate the net primary productivity (NPP) of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 2000 to 2020. Additionally, a moving window approach was employed to comparatively analyze the changes in the response characteristics of NPP to climate change before and after the implementation of ERPs. Our results indicated: (1) The NPP exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. The NPP growth rates of alpine meadow, alpine grassland, and desert grassland were found to be 2.38, 1.5, and 0.8 g C·m−2·a−1, respectively. (2) The annual average NPP and annual growth rate of alpine grasslands after the implementation of ERPs were both higher than before, indicating that ERPs have intensified the growth trend of NPP in alpine grasslands. (3) ERPs have reduced the responsiveness of alpine grassland NPP to temperature variations and enhanced its responsiveness to changes in precipitation. In detail, ERPs enhanced the responsiveness of NPP in alpine meadow to both temperature and precipitation, reduced the responsiveness of NPP in alpine steppe to temperature while enhancing its responsiveness to precipitation, and mitigated the changes in the response of NPP in desert steppe to temperature and significantly enhanced its responsiveness to precipitation.
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Li, Qiang, Junyin Yang, Wenhao Guan, et al. "Soil fertility evaluation and spatial distribution of grasslands in Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve of eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." PeerJ 9 (April 23, 2021): e10986. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10986.
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The study assessed the overall soil characteristics of grasslands on Qilian Mountains and rated the soil nutrient status with classification standard of the second national soil survey of China. Nemerow index method was used to evaluate the soil fertility of different grassland types. GIS was used to analyze the spatial distribution of the soil nutrients and provided a database for the grassland’s ecological protection and restoration. The study graded the soil organic matter (SOM), total N, and available K at level 2 (high) or above for most regions, available soil-P at level 4, while the soil bulk density, total porosity and pH were 0.77–1.32 g cm−3, 35.36–58.83% and 7.63–8.54, respectively. The rank of comprehensive soil fertility index was temperate steppe (TS) > alpine meadow (AM) > alpine steppe (AS) >upland meadow (UM) >alpine desert (AD)> lowland meadow (LM)> temperate desert steppe (TDS)> temperate desert (TD). The areas with high, medium and low soil fertility accounted for 63.19%, 34.24% and 2.57% of the total grassland area. Soil fertility of different grassland types had different main limiting factors, for instance, the pH, total N and SOM were the main factors limiting soil fertility in LM, while pH and available P were the main factors limiting soil fertility in UM, AM, TS and AS. In summary, the grassland soil fertility was generally at the mid-upper level, and the main limiting factors were found in the different types of the grasslands and their spatial distributions were figured out. Our findings also indicated that the typical grasslands and meadows may require phosphorus application, while for desert grasslands, both nitrogen and phosphorus were required to improve their comprehensive soil fertility and grassland productivity.
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Shu, Langlang, Zhening Zhu, Yu Yin, et al. "Impacts of Hydrothermal Factors on the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Alpine Grassland Aboveground Biomass During the Pre-, Mid-, and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Periods." Sustainability 17, no. 9 (2025): 3977. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093977.
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Aboveground biomass (AGB) is a key parameter for studying the carbon cycle, evaluating grassland growth, and assessing the grass–livestock balance. In this study, we established an optimal inversion model for alpine grassland AGB and estimated the growing-season (July–September) AGB from 2018 to 2022 based on field survey data and remote sensing data. We aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of AGB in alpine grasslands and its response mechanisms to hydrothermal factors, as well as to explore the indirect impacts of changes in human activities during the COVID-19 pandemic on the grassland ecosystem. The results showed the following: (1) Alpine grassland AGB was high in the southwest and low in the northeast of the studied area, initially increasing and then decreasing over time. This pattern was largely consistent with the spatial distribution and interannual variations in precipitation and temperature, with a significant positive correlation being observed between precipitation and AGB, indicating that hydrothermal factors are key drivers of grassland AGB dynamics. (2) The grasslands demonstrated a trend of slight decrease in AGB overall, with some local areas showing a slight increase. Compared with before 2018, grasslands showed a gradual recovery trend, which may be related to grazing policies and conservation management measures. (3) An increase in grazing intensity in local areas decreased grassland AGB and vice versa, indicating that the restrictive measures led to changes in grazing intensity, which indirectly affected grassland AGB during the pandemic. This study reveals the general patterns of hydrothermal factors’ influence on alpine grassland AGB dynamics during the pre-, mid-, and post-COVID-19-pandemic periods, providing a scientific basis for formulating sustainable grassland management strategies.
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Shi, Hang, Hao Shen, Shikui Dong, et al. "Six Years of Grassland Cultivation Promotes CO2, N2O Emissions and CH4 Uptake with Increasing N Deposition on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811434.
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Nitrogen (N) deposition has become an important factor of vital changes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), one of the key eco-regions in the world. To investigate how N deposition affects the fluxes of GHGs (CH4, CO2, N2O) in the alpine grassland ecosystem, the dominant ecosystems on QTP, we conducted control experiments in three types of alpine grasslands, including the alpine meadow (AM), alpine steppe (AS), and cultivated grassland (CG) on the QTP. In this study, four N addition gradients (0 kg Nha−1yr−1, 8 kg Nha−1yr−1, 24 kg Nha−1yr−1, and 40 kg Nha−1yr−1) were set up using ammonium nitrate from 2015 to 2020 in order to simulate N deposition at different levels, and after 6 years of continuous N application, greenhouse gases were collected from sampling plots. The results showed that simulated N deposition had no significant effect on soil GHG fluxes, while the grassland type had an extremely significant effect on soil GHG fluxes. Under the same N deposition conditions, the CH4 absorption in the cultivated grassland was higher than that in the other two types of grasslands. At low N deposition levels (CK, N1), the CO2 emission in the cultivated grassland was higher than that in the other two types of grasslands. At high N deposition levels (N2 and N3), the N2O emission in the cultivated grassland increased more significantly than it did in the other two types of grasslands. Control of grassland cultivation should be proposed as a reliable form of land-use management to reduce GHG emissions on the QTP in the era of increasing N deposition.
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Xia, Xingsheng, Wei Liang, Shenghui Lv, Yaozhong Pan, and Qiong Chen. "Remote Sensing Identification and Stability Change of Alpine Grasslands in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (2024): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16125041.
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Alpine grasslands, a crucial component of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, play a vital role in maintaining ecological barriers and facilitating sustainable development, and the exact stability change is also the key to coping with climate change and implementing ecological protection projects. The purpose of this study was to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of multi-stage alpine grassland and explore its inter-annual distribution and growth stability. The Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China (hereinafter referred to as Guoluo), where alpine grassland is widely distributed, was selected as the research area. Long-term stable grassland samples constructed using the Mann–Kendall–Sneyers mutation test method were analyzed alongside random forest classification to identify multi-stage grassland distribution trends from 1990 to 2020. Based on the Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) and coefficient of variation (Cv), spatial and temporal changes in grassland quality and their driving factors were discussed. The results show the following: (1) Remote sensing grassland extraction, based on the establishment of long-term stable grassland samples and random forest classification, demonstrated high accuracy and reliability, with OA and Kappa coefficients consistently above 0.89 and 0.77, and PA and UA maintained consistently at approximately 0.9. (2) The distribution of grassland in Guoluo corresponded to the spatial patterns determined by the natural geographical environment, showing a gradual trend from high-cover grassland in the southeast to low-cover grassland in the northwest. The proportion of medium and high-cover grasslands slightly increased, indicating an improvement in grassland quality. However, the encroachment and degradation caused by human activities and climate change resulted in a slight decrease in the proportion of grassland area compared with 1990. (3) Despite the overall grassland ecosystem still having relative stability, local grassland quality changes dramatically, mainly in the north of Maduo County. And significant fluctuations in the area of grassland quality were noted over the last two decades, suggesting potential degradation in ecosystem stability. Climate change and human activities were identified as primary drivers of these changes. Climate change is dominant in the alpine region. The low-warming region is dominated by human activities. These findings offer essential insights for the planning and implementation of alpine grassland ecosystem protection and restoration initiatives and also have important value for exploring the evolution law of alpine grassland ecosystems.
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Hussain, Raja Imran, Daniela Ablinger, Walter Starz, Jürgen Kurt Friedel, and Thomas Frank. "Is the Abandonment of Organic Grassland a Threat to Alpine Insect Diversity?" Land 12, no. 4 (2023): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040867.
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Land abandonment is a multifaceted, nonlinear, worldwide phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of factors and opinions. The goal of this study was to understand the significance of land abandonment for true bugs and syrphids in three grassland management regimes that includes abandoned, intensive, and extensive alpine organic grasslands. In 2021 and 2022, we sampled true bugs and syrphids by applying observation plot and sweep netting sampling methods. Extensive grasslands had significantly higher true bug and syrphid abundance compared to abandoned grasslands. However, no difference of species richness was found in studied grassland regimes. Large numbers of unique species (25.5% true bugs and 21.5% syrphids) only occurred in the abandoned grasslands but not in intensive and extensive grasslands. Similarly, true bug assemblages in abandoned grasslands differed significantly from assemblages in intensive and extensive grasslands. We found that extensive grassland can manage to increase true bugs and syrphid abundance. Likewise, undisturbed abandoned grassland is not a threat to insect diversity, and supports the survival of more unique true bug and syrphid species. A mosaic landscape consisting of abandoned grassland along with grassland having different, mainly extensive, management intensity could be an ideal arrangement for alpine biodiversity conservation.
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Xu, Zhe, Xian Li, and Lu Zhang. "A bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots in alpine grassland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." PeerJ 11 (October 25, 2023): e16210. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16210.
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A bibliometric analysis of current research, hotspots, and development trends was used to develop an overall framework of mechanisms of alpine grassland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This investigation includes data from 1,330 articles on alpine grassland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, acquired from the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) and Web of Science Core Collection (WOS). Research was divided into three themes: spatial scope and management of typical grassland degradation problems, dynamic mechanisms of grassland degradation and effects of ecological engineering, and grassland degradation risk based on remote sensing technology. The results of the analysis showed that the research can be summarized into three aspects: typical grassland degradation identification, dynamic mechanism analysis of grassland degradation, and grassland ecosystem stability strategy. The main findings can summarized, as follows: (1) Ecological analyses using the river source as a typical region defined the formation of “black soil beach” type degraded grasslands in the region, and promoted the ecological environment management and protection of the alpine grassland by discussing the causes of regional ecological environment changes; (2) Dynamic mechanism analyses of climate change and characteristics analyses of grassland vegetation-soil degradation revealed that alpine grassland degradation is the result of multiple main factors; and (3) Risk prediction methods for grassland degradation, methods of grassland management and sustainable countermeasures for agriculture and animal husbandry development, and the development of a comprehensive index of influencing factors on grassland degradation all indicate that selecting the right grassland restoration measures is the key to grassland restoration. Remote sensing monitoring and high-throughput sequencing technology should be used in future research on grassland ecosystems. In addition, multiscale, multidimensional, and multidisciplinary systematic research methods and long-term series data mining could help identify the characteristics and causes of alpine grassland system degradation. These findings can help identify a more effective coordination of landscape, water, lake, field, forest, grass, and sand management for the prevention of alpine grassland degradation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alpine grassland"
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Tolsma, Arn Douwe. "The Effects of fire and grazing on the energy reserves of resprouting plants in Victoria's alpine grasslands /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000331.
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Che, Rongxiao. "A Life-strategy Classification of Grassland Soil Prokaryotes and Its Applications in Interpreting Alpine Meadow Responses to Environmental Changes." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/378096.
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The extensive applications of high-throughput sequencing have remarkably improved our abilities to analyze soil microbial community profiles. However, due to the paucity of knowledge on characterizing most of the microbial lineages, the predominant challenge in investigating soil microbes has shifted from community composition descriptions to the interpretations for their ecological implications. Currently, assessing the relative abundances of microbial lineages with different life strategies (i.e., copiotrophs and oligotrophs, analogous to r- and K- specialists, respectively) is the most widely used approach to explore the ecological implications of microbial community profiles. Moreover, the relative abundance of copiotrophs and oligotrophs is usually closely correlated with soil microbial respiration rates. Collectively, identifying the life- strategies of soil microbial lineages is not only essential to interpreting the ecological implications of microbial community profiles, but also crucial to understanding the links between microbial communities and their ecological functions.
Nonetheless, with almost all of the life-strategy classification efforts being made at the phylum level, the life strategies of microbial lineages at finer taxonomy levels remain largely unknown. Although the majority (> 90%) of soil microbes are dormant and contribute little to the ecosystem functioning, the life-strategy classifications are seldom conducted targeting the active microbial populations. Furthermore, grasslands cover around one-third of the global terrestrial surface, providing essential services for maintaining our planetary health. However, the life-strategies of grassland soil microbial lineages were far less identified than those of forests and farmlands.
Therefore, my thesis aimed to determine the life strategies of total and active prokaryotic lineages in grassland soils, and then tried to apply them to interpret the responses of alpine meadow soil prokaryotes to environmental changes. Briefly, in Chapter 2, I assessed the possibilities of using the methods based on 16S rRNA to identify the prokaryotic life strategies. Subsequently, in Chapter 3, I classified grassland soil prokaryotic lineages (from kingdom to genus) into copiotroph-oligotroph categories, using methods based on 16S rDNA and rRNA. Finally, in Chapters 3 and 4, I tried to interpret the responses of prokaryotic communities to litter amendments, phosphorus fertilization, livestock grazing, and experimental warming based on the proportional changes of copiotrophic and oligotrophic microbial lineages.
In Chapter 2, soil samples collected from a Tibetan alpine meadow were amended with different amounts of glutamate. The 16S rDNA and rRNA copies, as well as community structures based on 16S rDNA and rRNA were analyzed using real-time PCR and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Except for 16S rRNA copies and rRNA-rDNA ratios, all of the indices based on rDNA and rRNA were significantly correlated with the soil microbial respiration rates. However, the 16S rRNA-based bacterial community structure could explain 72.7% of the soil microbial respiration variations, which far outperformed the other indices. These findings indicate that the 16S rRNA-based community structure is a sensitive indicator for soil microbial respiration activity, and also highlight its potential for identifying microbial life strategies (i.e., copiotrophs and oligotrophs). This study provides the basis for the 16S rRNA-based life strategy classifications of prokaryotic lineages in Chapter 3.
In Chapter 3...<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Environment and Sc<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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GALVAGNO, MARTA RITA. "Carbon dioxide exchange of an alpine grassland: integration of eddy covariance, proximal sensing and models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/24290.
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The terrestrial biosphere represents a large pool of carbon, whose cycle is governed
by the opposed processes of CO2 uptake (photosynthesis) and release (respiration)
from and to the atmosphere. Considering the role of carbon dioxide in the observed global warming, monitoring, understanding and modeling carbon exchange
of ecosystems is a critical issue in climate change researches. Moreover because
of the multiple implications of vegetation structure dynamics on ecosystem carbon
fluxes, monitoring and modeling plant phenology is also of increasing scientific
interest.
Among terrestrial ecosystem grasslands cover almost 40% of ice-free land surface, nevertheless their role as sources/sinks of atmospheric CO2 is not well clarified.
In this study the eddy covariance method was used to assess CO2 exchange at
an high elevation unmanaged grassland in the North-Western Italian Alps (Aosta
Valley - Torgnon), during three years (2008-2010) of measurements and to evaluate
how environmental factors affect photosynthetic processes.
The seasonal and inter-annual course of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE),
ecosystem respiration (Reco), gross primary production (GPP) and the main meteorological variables was analysed. The three growing seasons had a similar seasonal
dynamic, characterised by a fast rise of photosynthetic activity after snow-melt followed by a gradual autumnal decline. Regarding the meteorological variables, only
precipitation, soil water content and snow depth differed markedly among two of
the studied years (2009-2010) compared to other factors which showed only small
differences in restricted time-periods.
To better interpret how weather variables modulate ecosystem processes at multiple time-scales (day, week, month, year), a quantitative analysis was performed applying wavelet coherence between time-series of GPP and time-series of different
meteorological factors (air and soil temperature, soil water content and photosynthetically active radiation).
Eddy covariance and meteorological data were combined with proximal sensing measurements to identify links between optical indices, canopy development
and fluxes. In particular a colour index derived from continuous digital imagery
(i.e. Greenness Index, (GI), based on RGB channels) and indices derived from an
HyperSpectral System (Hyperspectral Irradiometer, HSI) were used as input to simulate GPP, based on a light use efficiency (LUE) model. Results showed that a LUE
model driven by optical indices and meteorological variables is able to describe the
GPP trend in the two years of study. In particular the use of different model formulations provided insights on the role of the main meteorological factors controlling
grassland photosynthesis. The comprehension of these relationships at stand level
is essential for extrapolating such information at different spatial scales.
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Smith, Derek, and n/a. "Movements, population dynamics and predatory behaviour of stoats inhabiting alpine grasslands in Fiordland." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070330.160940.
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Stoats are introduced mammalian carnivores implicated in the decline of several of New Zealand�s endemic species. Most research into stoats in New Zealand has focused on beech forest habitat, especially in years of peak stoat abundance following heavy beech seedfall and peak cohorts of mice. In New Zealand, alpine grasslands occur above the altitudinal limit of beech forest (900-1000 m a.s.l.). Although previous research has shown stoats to be present there, little is known about the ecology of stoats in alpine grasslands. This research aimed to test whether alpine grasslands were a marginal habitat occupied by surplus stoats that had spilled over from beech forest populations, i.e. a sink habitat. The alternative is that alpine grasslands are a desirable habitat deliberately exploited by stoats. This question was answered using mark-recapture, radio-tracking, diet analysis and a food addition experiment. Another objective was to determine whether nest survival is higher in alpine grassland compared to beech forest and whether stoats are likely to be a frequent predator of ground nests in alpine grasslands relative to other introduced mammals that inhabit them. If nest survival is higher in alpine grassland then alpine grasslands may be a refuge from predation. However, if it is not then it is important for management to know the relative risk posed by stoats compared with other predators. An artificial nest experiment was used to answer these questions. This research was undertaken during two years of low to intermediate beech seedfall and therefore provided an opportunity to look at the ecology of stoats in a New Zealand National Park outside years of peak abundance. The principal study site for this research was the Borland Valley, Fiordland National Park.
Compositional analysis showed that stoats in alpine grassland selected for it over adjacent beech forest. The range cores of these stoats were high up in alpine grassland away from the ecotone with beech forest. Stoats occurred at similar densities in alpine grasslands as they did in beech forest and observed survival was similar between the two habitats (with the exception of 2004 when it may have been higher in alpine grassland). The most frequent prey of stoats inhabiting beech forest were birds and mice. Although stoats in alpine grasslands also ate birds and mice their most frequent prey were ground weta and hare. Food addition appeared to cause diet switching but did not reduce the distances moved by stoats, suggesting that other factors may be more important in regulating their summer home range size in alpine grasslands. All of these factors lead to the conclusion that alpine grasslands in the Borland are not a marginal habitat for stoats, but may instead be a desirable one. Artificial nests had a higher probability of survival in alpine grassland compared to adjacent beech forest, but survival was too low to support the idea that alpine grasslands are a refuge. Stoats were the most frequent predator of artificial nests in both habitats, but 95 % confidence intervals overlapped the predation rate by possums, which was also high.
These findings illustrate the need for a comprehensive landscape approach to stoat control in montane National Parks, for two reasons: 1) endemic biodiversity in alpine grasslands may be under threat from stoat predation, 2) alpine grasslands may act as a source for dispersing stoats that reinvade lowland stoat control areas. In the absence of heavy beech seedfall and peak mouse abundance, stoats occurred at densities of around 1 km⁻� in both habitats and there was recruitment into these populations. This raises the important question: What regulates the distribution and abundance of stoats in years of low beech seedfall and low mouse abundance? In these years birds, ground weta and hares may be as important as mice are in years of peak abundance following heavy beech seedfall.
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Wu, Ronggui. "The effect of land use on soil fertility and phosphorus dynamics in sub-alpine grassland soils of Gansu, China." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63939.pdf.
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FORTE, T'AI GLADYS WHITTINGHAM. "Alpine tundra and climate change: effects of summer warming and reduced precipitation on ecosystem functions in a Carex curvula grassland." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487934.
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Alpine ecosystems have undergone significant modifications in recent years due to climate change. A trend towards reduced summer rainfall has been detected in various mountain regions, with warm, dry conditions predicted to intensify in some areas of the Alps by the end of the century. Together with increased frequency and magnitude of extreme events, new questions arise as to how climate change will impact ecosystem stability and functions. Although a number of studies have addressed the effects of warming on alpine ecosystems, responses to drier conditions remain poorly investigated. The main objective of the present research was to assess the effects of summer warming and reduced precipitation on key ecosystem functions of an alpine Carex curvula grassland over a 3-year period, with both field and lab experiments. The first field experiment investigated biomass production (Study 1) and litter decomposition (Study 2) in response to summer warming and chronic press drought. Increased temperatures were simulated using open top chambers, with rain-out shelters simulating historically-based, site-specific drought. Study 1 focused on the extent to which above- and belowground net primary production (ANPP and BNPP) were affected by treatments over 2 years; inter-annual ANPP differences, including the pre-treatment year, were also analysed. Results reveal that treatments do not influence ANPP, although there is wide inter-annual variation, whereas BNPP is lower under shelters. ANPP reveals a certain degree of resistance to short-term warming and extreme drought, but the difference between ANPP and BNPP underlines the need to take both compartments into account when assessing climate change effects on plant production. In Study 2, litter decomposition responses to treatments were analysed during one year (fall 2018-2019), with the influence of seasonality on litter quantity and quality also investigated to estimate the contribution of the long snow-covered season on the stability of decomposition processes under altered summer conditions. Standard litter (teabags) was employed in treatments, whereas native litter was used to assess the variability of litter quality and verify the degree to which native litter dynamics are reflected by standard litter. Despite more favourable growing season climate conditions, summer decomposition is limited by end-of-winter litter alteration, suggesting that early decomposition in alpine ecosystems remains stable even under altered summer conditions. Two further experiments (Study 3 and 4) investigated the extent to which ANPP and CO2 fluxes – ecosystem respiration (ER), gross ecosystem production (GEP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) – are affected by acute pulse dry spells during early- and mid-growing season. Study 3 assessed the role of drought timing on grassland monoliths in a mesocosm, with a full-season drought treatment also implemented to detect the soil moisture and temporal thresholds triggering changes in ER and GEP. Results indicate that ANPP and CO2 fluxes are negatively influenced by drought, the extent varying according to its timing and duration; thresholds for ER and GEP differ between drought timings, those during the mid-season being reached earlier and at higher moisture content, which underlies the importance of extreme event timing. Study 4 consisted of a single-season field replication of Study 3, with results showing that the grassland is resistant to pulse drought in the short-term, with stable ANPP and NEE responses. In the field, however, high soil moisture levels never reached the thresholds detected in the mesocosm study, highlighting the need for field experiments, which are carried out in more complex, natural conditions, in order to confirm findings from controlled studies. Overall, the present research reveals that key ecosystem processes in representative alpine grasslands are resistant to short-term press drought, but are vulnerable to pulse drought events.<br>Nelle ultime decadi, gli ecosistemi alpini hanno subito importanti alterazioni dovute ai cambiamenti climatici che, in diverse aree montuose, hanno comportato non solo un aumento delle temperature ma anche una riduzione delle precipitazioni. Inoltre, l’aumento della frequenza e intensità degli eventi estremi rende urgente la necessità di comprendere l’impatto di tali eventi sulla funzionalità degli ecosistemi. Per i sistemi alpini sono molteplici gli studi sulle risposte ecologiche al riscaldamento, mentre scarseggiano le ricerche sugli effetti di un clima più secco. In questo quadro si sviluppa la presente ricerca, basta su esperimenti in campo e in laboratorio volti a valutare le risposte ecologiche di una prateria alpina a Carex curvula a cambiamenti di temperatura e precipitazioni. Le risposte della produzione primaria (Studio 1) e della decomposizione (Studio 2) sono state valutate tramite manipolazioni sperimentali, effettuate nel periodo libero dalla neve, della temperatura, tramite Open Top Chambers, e delle precipitazioni, per mezzo di tettoie ad esclusione parziale della pioggia simulanti un estremo climatico sito-specifico. Lo Studio 1 ha valutato la risposta della produzione primaria epigea (ANPP) e ipogea (BNPP) a 2 anni di trattamento (2018-19), analizzando anche la variazione inter-annuale della ANPP. Dai risultati non è emerso alcun effetto dei trattamenti sulla ANPP, che ha invece esibito significative variazioni inter-annuali, mentre la BNPP è risultata inferiore sotto le tettoie. Complessivamente, la prateria sembra resistente al riscaldamento e alla riduzione estrema delle precipitazioni nel breve termine, sebbene le differenze nelle risposte tra ANPP e BNPP evidenzino la necessità di considerarle entrambe nelle indagini sulla produzione primaria in risposta ai cambiamenti climatici. Analogamente allo Studio 1, i processi di decomposizione analizzati nello Studio 2 utilizzando lettiera standard (teabags) non sono stati influenzati dai trattamenti estivi, probabilmente a causa dell’alterazione invernale della lettiera. L’uso della lettiera nativa nei controlli nel medesimo studio ha, inoltre, permesso di determinare il grado di variabilità naturale della qualità della lettiera e verificare quanto le dinamiche di decomposizione della lettiera standard riflettano quelle della lettiera locale. Ulteriori esperimenti sono stati condotti sia in mesocosmo (Studio 3) sia in campo (Studio 4) al fine di valutare la risposta della ANPP e dei flussi di CO2 – respirazione ecosistemica (ER), assimilazione ecosistemica lorda (GEP) e netta (NEE) – rispetto alla tempistica degli eventi siccitosi, i.e. periodi di assenza di precipitazioni acuti sperimentati in diverse fasi della stagione vegetativa. In entrambi gli studi, oltre a un trattamento di siccità applicato nella prima e seconda parte dell’estate (ED e MD), è stato imposto un ulteriore trattamento lungo l’intera stagione (FD) per stimare le soglie di umidità determinanti una brusca variazione dei tassi di ER e GEP. Nello Studio 3, sia ANPP sia i flussi di CO2 sono stati negativamente impattati dalla siccità in una misura diversa a seconda della durata e del periodo di incidenza del secco. Le soglie per ER e GEP sono inoltre risultate diverse tra MD e ED, con le soglie in MD raggiunte prima e a umidità maggiori rispetto a quelle in ED. Contrariamente a quanto osservato nel mesocosmo, nello Studio 4 la ANPP e i flussi di CO2 sono risultati stabili rispetto ai trattamenti e l’umidità del suolo non ha mai raggiunto le soglie identificate in laboratorio, evidenziando così la necessità di affiancare a studi controllati ulteriori esperimenti in condizioni naturali e più complesse. Concludendo, la presente ricerca rivela come i principali processi ecosistemici di una prateria alpina siano resistenti nel breve periodo al riscaldamento e a una riduzione cronica delle precipitazioni, ma siano potenzialmente vulnerabili a eventi acuti di secco.
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Dainese, Matteo. "Classification and biodiversity patterns in pastures of province of Trento." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421544.
Full textAbstract:
In the Italian Alps, summer pastures are still managed in traditional ways, which maintain important grassland habitats of many species, although the number of pastures has declined drastically over the past few decades. Research on alpine pastures is important in many respects. From the aspect of nature protection, pastures represent a habitat for numerous plant and animal species; and, through their diversity, contribute greatly to the biodiversity and scenic value of the area. From the economic standpoint, grasslands are a source of feed for stock, a habitat for medicinal and melliferous plants. They are also capable of supporting particular dairy products, high added value, because fodder obtained from natural with unique qualities and not reproducible, capable of giving products derived valuable characteristics and identification.
Land use changes constitute a threat to the persistence of these grassland ecosystems Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanisms leading to the organization and distribution of these communities to preserve plant diversity and to develop effective agri-environment schemes, which can maintain and enhance biodiversity.
Phytosociological investigation is important to understand some aspects of the study of grasslands. As in the forestry sector, also in grasslands sector have arisen in recent years some efforts to characterize, according to a typological approach, pasture vegetation. A purpose of this research was to realize an interpretative classification of pastures of Province of Trento. Since the pastures of the study area have not been systematically investigated for a long time, the pasture vegetation of the Province of Trento was classified using numerical methods, then the results were compared with the traditional syntaxonomic system, and finally were examined the influence of ecological factors on variation in grassland vegetation.
Further aim of the research was assessed the relationship between topography, distance from the farm centre, altitude, bedrock, grazing intensity, species richness and vegetation composition across two spatial scales (within and between summer farms). A stratified random sampling design was used to collect 157 vegetation relevés along an elevation gradient. It was hypothesized that plant diversity varies in response to topography due to the highly variable alpine environment and it depends strongly not only on grazing spatial gradient from the centres of the farms to the surrounding vegetation, but also on spatial distribution of the management practices within the study region The patterns of species richness and species composition found in alpine pastures result from the interaction of different environmental and management factors operating at different spatial scales. The results indicate that at small scales (within farms) species richness is mainly determined by slope, while specie composition is controlled by distance from the farm centre as well as slope. At large scale (between farms), was observed a key role of grazing intensity and bedrock types on species diversity patterns. The results indicate that the identification of appropriate stocking rates appears to be the most promising approach to conserve the high biodiversity of alpine pastures, as both intensification and abandonment changed species composition and reduced plant species diversity.
Finally, to gain insight into the processes that may affect species diversity and functional diversity in alpine pastures, the observed local patterns of additive species diversity components (α-, β-, γ-) were analysed with respect to altitude, landscape, topographic hetereogeneity, bedrock type and grazing intensity. Additive diversity partitioning approach facilitated a quantification and comparison of the relative contributions of α- and β-diversity components to total regional diversity along an elevation gradient. Based on the results, I conclude that the observed patterns of plant species diversity appeared to be influenced by processes at multiple spatial scales. The results indicate that the maintenance of a large variety of grassland utilisation systems along with heterogeneous abiotic environmental conditions appears to be a promising tool for the conservation of species richness and functional diversity due to enhanced β-diversity among pastures parcels.<br>Nelle Alpi italiane, gli alpeggi sono ancora gestiti in maniera tradizionale, conservando importanti habitat e specie vegetali, sebbene il numero delle malghe monticate sia diminuito drasticamente negli ultimi decenni. La ricerca sui pascoli alpini è importante sotto molti aspetti. Dal punto di vista della protezione della natura, i pascoli rappresentano l'habitat di numerose specie vegetali ed animali e attraverso la loro ricchezza di specie, contribuiscono notevolmente alla biodiversità ed al valore paesaggistico delle Alpi. Dal punto di vista economico, i pascoli sono una fonte di alimentazione per gli animali, ed habitat per piante officinali e mellifere. Sono anche in grado di supportare prodotti lattiero-casearii particolari, ad alto valore aggiunto, perché ottenuti da foraggi naturali con caratteristiche uniche e non riproducibili, in grado di dare prodotti derivati di qualità.
I cambiamenti di uso del suolo costituiscono una minaccia per la persistenza di questi ecosistemi. Pertanto, è molto importante comprendere i meccanismi che controllano l'organizzazione e la distribuzione di queste comunità, per preservare la diversità delle piante e di sviluppare efficaci schemi agro-ambientali, in grado di mantenere e migliorare la biodiversità.
L’analisi fitosociologia è importante per comprendere alcuni aspetti dello studio delle praterie. Come nel settore forestale, anche in quello pastorale sono iniziati negli ultimi anni alcuni progetti per caratterizzare, secondo un approccio tipologico, le vegetazioni pascolive. Uno degli obiettivi di questa ricerca era quello di realizzare una classificazione interpretativa dei pascoli della Provincia di Trento. Poiché i pascoli della zona oggetto di studio non sono mai stati studiati in modo sistematico, la vegetazione dei pascoli della Provincia di Trento è stata classificata utilizzando metodi numerici; i risultati sono stati confrontati con il sistema tradizionale sintassonomico e, infine, è stata analizzata l'influenza dei fattori ecologici sulla variazione della composizione floristica dei pascoli.
Un successivo obiettivo della ricerca era quello di valutare la relazione tra la topografia, la distanza dal centro aziendale, l'altitudine, il tipo di substrato geologico, l’intensità di pascolamento, la ricchezza di specie e la composizione della vegetazione attraverso due scale spaziali (all'interno e tra le malghe campionate). Un disegno sperimentale stratificato è stato utilizzato per campionare i 157 rilievi vegetazionali lungo un gradiente altitudinale. E’ stato ipotizzato che la diversità vegetale varia in risposta della topografia legata all'ampia variabilità ambientale degli ambienti alpini, e dipende in modo consistente non solo dal gradiente spaziale di pascolamento dal centro della malga alle vegetazioni marginali, ma anche dalla distribuzione spaziale delle pratiche gestionali impiegate nell’area di studio. I modelli di distribuzione della ricchezza di specie e della composizione riscontrati nei pascoli alpini derivano dall'interazione di diversi fattori ambientali e gestionali che operano a diverse scale spaziali. I risultati indicano che su piccola scala (all’interno delle malghe), la ricchezza di specie è principalmente controllata dalla pendenza, mentre la composizione vegetazionale è determinata dalla distanza dal centro della malga, e dalla pendenza. Su larga scala (tra le malghe), è stato osservato un ruolo chiave dell’intensità di pascolamento e del tipo di substrato geologico sulla ricchezza di specie. I risultati indicano che l'individuazione di appropriati indici di carico animale sembra essere l'approccio più promettente per la conservazione della biodiversità dei pascoli alpini, poiché, sia l’intensificazione gestionale che l’abbandono cambiano composizione delle specie e riducono la diversità delle specie vegetali.
Infine, al fine di conoscere i processi che possono influenzare la diversità delle specie e, la diversità funzionale nei pascoli alpini, i diversi componenti additivi della biodiversità (diversità -α, -β e -γ) sono stati analizzati in relazione all'altitudine, alle variabili del paesaggio, dell’eterogeneità topografica, del tipo di substrato geologico e l'intensità di pascolamento. L’approccio della partizione additiva della diversità facilita la quantificazione ed il confronto tra i contributi relativi delle componenti -α-e –β della diversità rispetto al totale delle diversità regionale lungo un gradiente altitudinale. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti, è stato osservato che la diversità vegetale sembra essere influenzato dai processi operanti a differenti scale spaziali. I risultati indicano che il mantenimento di una grande varietà di tipi gestionali, insieme alle condizioni ambientali eterogenee delle zone alpine sembra essere uno degli strumenti più favorevoli per la conservazione delle ricchezza di specie e della diversità funzionale, contribuendo ad aumentare la diversità β tra i pascoli.
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Cherpeau, Aline. "Télédétection et agroécologie : un essai de cartographie destinée à la gestion des milieux herbacés de haute montagne : application au Parc national des Ecrins." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10106.
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Les espaces proteges francais (parcs nationaux) sont demandeurs de methode d'inventaire des milieux naturels sur de grandes superficies (superieures a 50 000 ha) pour, notamment, gerer les alpages. L'objectif de cette these est de rechercher une methode de cartographie des milieux naturels du parc national des ecrins par teledetection. L'application s'interesse essentiellement a discriminer les formes vegetales du domaine supraforestier sur des images satellitaires spot et landsat tm. La demarche est basee sur une double approche: 1/ agroecologie pour une description precise des espaces pastoraux, 2/ teledetection pour les identifier de maniere spatiale. Les descripteurs communs a ces deux entrees portent sur la physionomie de la vegetation. Il en resulte une typologie physionomique (14 types), spatialisee par les techniques de classification dirigee. Sur les images classees obtenues par pixel, dont on analyse l'heterogeneite spatiale et thematique, on procede a un decoupage de l'espace en unites physionomiques. Les traitements en zone a fortes contraintes (relief marque et mosaique de vegetation) necessitent des corrections geometriques prealables (precision de 1 a 2 pixels) et plusieurs etapes de controles pour verifier leur pertinence ecologique et proposer une validation quantifiee des resultats (environ 70% de correspondances satisfaisantes entre les unites cartographiees et la realite de terrain). Ces resultats permettent de repondre a des besoins de cartographie ecologique a moyenne echelle (1:25 000, correspondances avec les nomenclatures europeennes). Obtenus sur les ecrins, ils contribuent a enrichir la reflexion methodologique en proposant des traitements d'images adaptes aux zones heterogenes de montagne (emploi de descripteurs physionomiques) et une demarche reproductible (double approche construite avec un modele ecologique et un outil de spatialisation de l'information)
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Pellet, Gilles. "Phytoécologie, phytosociologie et potentialités fourragères des pelouses d'altitude en Oisans (Alpes françaises) : application à la vallée du Chazelet (la Grave, Hautes-Alpes)." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10126.
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Nous abordons une description ecologique et une interpretation phytosociologique des paturages de la vallee du chazelet. Une comparaison bibliographique avec diverses monographies placees dans les alpes internes francaises nous permet de placer notre territoire dans un contexte biogeographique plus general. En relation avec l'activite agricole (fauchage et paturage), nous determinons les potentialites fourrageres des pelouses selon leur appartenance phytosociologique. Une cartographie illustre ce point en vue d'une gestion rentable mais preservatrice des alpages. Enfin, l'utilisation simultanee de deux modes d'echantillonage de la vegetation nous a permis de realiser une comparaison methodologique pour l'estimation des qualites pastorales d'une pelouse
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Criscuoli, Irene. "Stabilité du charbon végétal (biochar) dans le sol et impact sur la productivité et les cycles des nutriments des prairies alpines." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066574/document.
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Le charbon de bois (biochar), est un amendement qui améliore les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol, augmente le stockage du carbone et les productions agricoles. Les anciens sites de production de charbon permettent d'évaluer son impact directement sur le terrain et sur le long terme. Dans les Alpes italiennes on a échantillonné une série de charbonnières daté de 1858 ainsi que les sols de prairies adjacents, ne contenant pas de charbon. 80±21% du carbone provenant de la production du charbon est toujours présent dans le sol et a un temps de résidence moyen de 650±139 ans. Le contenu des nutriments et leur biodisponibilité sont plus élevés dans les charbonnières par rapport à la prairie alentour et, sont plus élevés aujourd'hui qu'en 1858. L'ajout de charbon apporte des nutriments au sol, mais à court terme les ions Ca2+, K+, SO42- et Mg2+ sont lixiviés sous forme de cendres. Le charbon s'avère capable de retenir les dépositions atmosphériques de PO43-, NH4+, NO3- et, sur le long terme, de K+. L'augmentation du contenu en nutriments, la diminution de l'hydrophobie et de la densité apparente du sol augmentent la productivité et la valeur nutritionnelle des espèces alpines fourragères (Festuca nugrescens Lam. et Trifolium pratense L.). La croissance des plantes est limitée par l'azote sur les charbonnière et par le phosphore dans les prairies non-amendés ou amendés récemment. Nous concluons que le charbon/biochar peut être une stratégie pour stocker le carbone dans les sols, augmenter la production de biomasse et la qualité du fourrage des prairies Alpines à long terme. Toutefois les opérations d'enfouissement peuvent être complexes à cause de la géomorphologie des Alpes<br>Charcoal or biochar is proposed as a soil amendment to improve physio-chemical soil properties, increase soil carbon (C) stocks and agricultural yields. Ancient charcoal hearths provide an opportunity to investigate its impact under field conditions and in the long term. A series of charcoal hearths and adjacent charcoal-free soils under grassland in the Italian Alps abandoned in 1858 was sampled.80±21% of the C originating from ancient charcoal is still present in the soil today and has a Mean Residence Time of 650±139 years. The content of total and available nutrients is higher in the hearths soils compared to the surrounding grasslands and it is higher today compared to 1858. The input of charcoal directly adds nutrients to soils but Ca2+, K+, SO42- and Mg2+ are leached in the short term after application, as they are lost in the form of ashes. Charcoal is able to retain atmospheric depositions of PO43-, NH4+, NO3- and in the long term K+.The increase in soil nutrient content and decreases in hydrophobicity and bulk density translated into higher plant growth and nutritional values of two alpine fodder species (Festuca nigrescens Lam. and Trifolium pratense L.). Plant growth was N-limited in the charcoal hearths soils and P-limited in the surrounding grasslands not amended or recently amended with charcoal/biochar.We can conclude that charcoal/biochar is a long term strategy to store carbon in soils, improve biomass productivity and fodder quality in alpine grasslands. However charcoal/biochar incorporation into soil can be complex because of the geomorphology of the Alps
Books on the topic "Alpine grassland"
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Zizhi, Hu, ed. Qing Zang Gaoyuan gao han ren gong cao di sheng chan-sheng tai fan shi: Productive and ecological paradigm of Alpine cultivated grasslands in the region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ke xue chu ban she, 2013.
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Zhou, Huakun. Grassland Degradation, Restoration and Sustainable Management of Global Alpine Area. Elsevier, 2024.
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Zhou, Huakun. Grassland Degradation, Restoration and Sustainable Management of Global Alpine Area. Elsevier, 2024.
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Peterson, Jorrien. Seek and Find Biomes: Tundra * Alpine * Forest * Rainforest * Savanna * Grassland * Desert * Freshwater * Marine. Gibbs Smith, Publisher, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Alpine grassland"
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Zerbe, Stefan. "Subalpine and Alpine Grassland." In Restoration of Ecosystems – Bridging Nature and Humans. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65658-7_9.
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Kullman, Leif. "The Alpine Treeline Ecotone in the Southernmost Swedish Scandes: Dynamism on Different Scales." In Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3797-0_12.
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Batllori, Enric, J. Julio Camarero, and Emilia Gutiérrez. "Climatic Drivers of Tree Growth and Recent Recruitment at the Pyrenean Alpine Tree Line Ecotone." In Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3797-0_11.
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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Agricultural Grassland on Mesic to Wet Soils." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_8.
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de Lafontaine, Guillaume, and Serge Payette. "How Climate and Fire Disturbances Influence Contrasted Dynamics of Picea glauca Ecotones at Alpine Tree Lines in Atlantic and Continental Eastern North America." In Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3797-0_13.
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Simon, U. "Collecting and evaluating genetic resources of fodder plants from subalpine and alpine permanent grassland." In Developments in Plant Breeding. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0966-6_4.
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Liu, Xingyuan. "The Effect of Ecology, Production and Livelihood on the Alpine Grassland Ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau." In Carbon Management for Promoting Local Livelihood in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) Region. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20591-1_9.
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Pignatti, Erika, and Sandro Pignatti. "Alpine Grasslands with Acidocline Species." In Plant Life of the Dolomites. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31043-0_8.
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Pignatti, Erika, and Sandro Pignatti. "Alpine Grasslands on Limestones and Dolomites." In Plant Life of the Dolomites. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31043-0_10.
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Grabherr, Georg. "On community structure in high alpine grasslands." In Progress in theoretical vegetation science. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1934-1_19.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Alpine grassland"
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Samfira, Ionel, Nicolae Marinel Horablaga, Costel Barliba, Christiana Istrate-Schiller, and Gheorgeh David. "DYNAMICS OF GRASSLANDS SOIL PRODUCTIVITY UNDER THE ALTITUDINAL INFLUENCE. CASE STUDY OF THE SUREANU MOUNTAINS AREA IN ROMANIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s13.24.
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The study aimed to identify the influence of the altitudinal difference on the fertility characteristics of grasslands soils and implicitly on the production and quality of plant associations intended for grazing with animals. For that, the study material was represented by the soils of the grasslands in the region of the ?ureanu Mountains, part of the Southern Carpathians of Romania. From a geographical point of view, distinct formations were identified in the studied area with altitudes between 250 m and 1800/1850 m as high plains, high hills; subalpine and alpine areas. In the research, the area identified three types of predominate grassland soils: dystric leptosol (21%), albic stagnic luvisol (18%), and moderately eroded albic stagnated luvisol (17%). In general, all these soils from the permanent grasslands have as common characteristics: pseudo-gleysation, moderately to strongly acidic reaction, and moderate humus content, which causes low nutrition of the grassland species, especially those with high fodder value (grasses and legumes). As a result, it can be observed that depending on the altitude, the productive characteristics of the soil fertility indicators also evolve. Thus, at average altitudes of 300 m, the soil of the stagnated luvisol type dominates, towards 1000 m altitude, the dystric leptosol appears, and around the altitude of 1850 meters, the soil of the dystric cambisol overshadowed the gleyic type dominates.
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Feng, Y. L., X. Y. Li, W. Z. Zong, and J. Wang. "Effect of Litter Addition on Amino Acid Content and Composition in Alpine Meadow Soil." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0026.
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Cao, Jinqiang, YaChao Cui, and Pin Tao. "NDVI Data Correction of Alpine Grassland Remote Sensing Image." In 2021 IEEE 5th Information Technology,Networking,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec52019.2021.9587082.
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Lin, H., and R. Tang. "A New Soil Erosion Model for Alpine Meadow in the Source Park of the Yellow River, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0437.
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Zhao, Jun, Wei Wei, Cui-qin Feng, Xu-feng Wang, and Jia-jia Zheng. "Landscape patterns and the optimal utilization of alpine grassland based on RS and GIS approach: a case study in TianZhu alpine grassland, Gansu Province, China." In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint conference on GIS and Built Environment: The Built Environment and its Dynamics, edited by Lin Liu, Xia Li, Kai Liu, Xinchang Zhang, and Xinhao Wang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.812698.
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He, J. S., Z. J. Shangguan, Y. Li, Y. J. Li, H. B. Zi, and X. Jing. "Biodiversity and Productivity Under Climate Change and Grazing in Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Close-To-Nature Restoration." In XXV International Grassland Congress. International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0001.
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Gao, Qingzhu, Yue Li, Yunfan Wan, Erda Lin, Wenping Sheng, and Kai Yang. "Remote sensing monitoring the spatiotemporal changes of alpine grassland coverage in northern Tibet." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Wei Gao and Susan L. Ustin. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.678398.
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Zha, Yong, and Jay Gao. "Mapping of alpine grassland cover in western China from normalized Landsat TM image." In Photonics Europe, edited by Peter Schelkens, Touradj Ebrahimi, Gabriel Cristóbal, and Frédéric Truchetet. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.779146.
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Qin, Xiaofeng, Chen Zhang, Zijie Sun, Yu-An Zhang, Rende Song, and Meiyun Du. "Solving The Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Alpine Grassland Grazing With Modified Genetic Algorithms." In 2018 11th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp-bmei.2018.8633177.
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