Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alstroemeria'

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The water management is a major practical possibilities to achieve significant increases in productivity unchanged in terms of occupied area. For the floricultural industry despite being considered a competitive and profitable activity, studies on the optimal water needs for different species is scarce, and studies and research. Thus the present study aims to identify water management suitable for crop production Alstroemeria x hybrida in pots with substrate. Analyzing its response in yield and quality of the buds. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in the Floriculture Industry Polytechnic College of UFSM - RS. They were used vessels of 20 l, with one plant per pot Alstroemeria x hybrida, variety Firenze. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 16 replications and five treatments, totaling 80 experimental units. Throughout the cycle evaluations were made (destruction) of a vessel of each treatment to monitor the development of both shoot (leaf area) and the underground part (rhizomatous structure). Comparison of the results was performed by analysis of variance and regression using the software SISVAR. To evaluate the water consumption were set limits 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90% of the maximum water retention of the substrate in the vessel (CRV), and verified the measurement of moisture of each vessel by the method of weighings of each vessel individually, seven days irrigation interval. The evaluated factors of production were: length and diameter of flowering stems; fresh and dry weight, number of flowers, leaf area and root development. They also determined the reference evapotranspiration and crop coefficient (Kc) in different phenological stages. The results showed that water consumption is larger as the availability rises and is influenced by weather conditions; the crop coefficient (Kc) showed average values of 0.39 and 0.41 for the growing season and early flowering respectively 0.95 for flowering 1.51 for the full flowering and 0.74 for the fall of flowering; water availability of 90% is recommended for the production of long stems, the parameters number of flowers and diameter of the buds did not differ between treatments. The water availability changes all the root structure of Alstroemeria; It is not advised commercial cultivation of Alstroemeria on vessels of up to 20 l.
A prática de manejo da irrigação é uma das principais possibilidades para a obtenção de aumentos significativos de produtividade sem mudança em termos de área ocupada. Para o ramo da floricultura apesar de ser considerada uma atividade competitiva e rentável, os estudos sobre a necessidade ideal de água para as diferentes espécies é escasso, sendo necessários estudos e pesquisas. Assim o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar o manejo de água adequado para produção da cultura de Alstroemeria x hybrida em vasos com substrato. Analisando sua resposta sob rendimento e qualidade das hastes florais. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa climatizada no Setor de Floricultura do Colégio Politécnico da UFSM RS. Foram usados vasos de 20 l, com uma planta por vaso de Alstroemeria x hybrida, da variedade Firenze. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, com 16 repetições e cinco tratamentos, totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. Ao longo do ciclo foram feitas avaliações (destruições) de um vaso de cada tratamento para acompanhar o desenvolvimento tanto da parte aérea (área foliar) como da parte subterrânea (estrutura rizomatosa). A comparação dos resultados foi realizada através de análise de variância e regressão utilizando-se o software SISVAR. Para avaliar o consumo de água foram estipulados limites de 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90% da capacidade máxima de retenção de água pelo substrato no vaso (CRV), sendo verificada a medida da umidade de cada vaso pelo método das pesagens de cada vaso individualmente, com turno de rega de sete dias. Os fatores de produção avaliados foram: comprimento e diâmetro das hastes floríferas; massa fresca e seca, quantidade de flores, área foliar e desenvolvimento radicular. Também foram determinados a evapotranspiração de referência e o coeficiente de cultura (Kc) nos diferentes estágios fenológicos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o consumo de água é maior à medida que a disponibilidade se eleva e é influenciado pelas condições meteorológicas; o coeficiente da cultura (Kc) apontou valores médios de 0,39 e 0,41 para a fase vegetativa e início da floração respectivamente, 0,95 para o florescimento, 1,51 para o pleno florescimento e 0,74 para a queda do florescimento; a disponibilidade hídrica de 90% é recomendada para a produção de hastes longas, os parâmetros número de flores e diâmetro das hastes florais não diferiram entre os tratamentos. A disponibilidade hídrica altera toda a estrutura radicular da alstroemeria; não é aconselhado o cultivo comercial de alstroemeria em vasos de até 20 l.

Alstroemeria is an important cut flower and its breeding has been developed focused on aesthetic characteristics and vase life longevity, but little is known about its scent. Five different genotypes were assessed including the non scented cultivars ‘Rebecca’ and ‘Samora’ and the scented cultivars, ‘Sweet Laura’, ‘Ajax’ and the species A. caryophyllaea. The scented Alstroemerias emitted the terpenoids: isocaryophyllene and ocimene as the major floral volatile compounds. Characterization of an Alstroemeria TPS (ALSTER) was based on four ESTs previously found in A. cv ‘Rebecca’. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was performed and the full length ORF was used for characterizations of the genomic organization and amino acid sequences (phylogenetic analysis). ALSTER genomic region contains five introns and six exons. This unique genomic organization classified ALSTER as a member of the class III with a merged 5-6 exon. The deduced amino acid sequence was classified into the subfamily TPS-b. A functional analysis showed enzymatic activity of ALSTER with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and the monoterpene myrcene was the only product obtained. Gene expression evaluated through real time and semi q RT-PCR on eight different stages of development (SO to S7) showed high expression of ALSTER at around S2 - S4 in the scented Alstroemerias, coinciding with high scent emission perceived and also with the maturation of reproductive organs. Evaluations through surveys focused on level of liking of floral scent, were performed finding positive correlations between floral scent liking and floral appearance liking and between floral scent liking and floral scent intensity. Finally, 17 new lines of A. caryophyllaea were evaluated in terms of their morphology, phenology and productivity. Although none of them were suitable for the market because of their low productivity, short stems and small flowers, they were all scented and identified as promising starting points for breeding purposes.

Increases of temperature in the range from 8 to 18°C in vivo, significantly enhanced the dry weights of lateral rhizomes, roots and shoots. At the higher temperatures dry weight production was often seen to decrease. Decreases in irradiance from 100 to 50 per cent in vivo, produced significant decreases in the dry weights of lateral rhizomes, roots and shoots. In contrast, the numbers of lateral rhizomes, tubers and shoots were largely unaffected by temperature and irradiance treatments. Day length treatments of 8 to 16 hours light in a 24 hour period in vivo produced few significant changes in either the dry weights or numbers of plant parts produced. However, day length had a strong influence over the time of flowering. For maximum rhizome production a temperature of between 13 and 18°C, a high irradiance and a short day length were required. Increases of temperature in the range 8 to 18°C in vitro, caused significant increases in the number of lateral rhizomes and shoots produced. At the highest temperature the numbers produced often decreased. The number of roots produced was unaffected by temperature. Decreases in irradiance from 100 to 25 per cent and increases in day length from 8 to 20 hours light in a 24 hour period, produced no significant changes in the number of lateral rhizomes, roots or shoots produced in vitro. Low irradiance, however, caused etiolation of the shoots. For a good multiplication rate the requirements for the culture environment were a temperature of 15°C, an irradiance of 5 Win- 2 with a day length of 8 hours of light in a 24 hour period. The presence or absence of tubers and damage suffered by `splits' prior to planting were found to be important factors in the establishment of plants in vivo. Subculture of rhizome explants without aerial shoot or rhizome apices and of rhizome explants divided into single internodes with or without aerial shoots, enhanced the rhizome multiplication rate. Addition of the plant growth regulators triiodobenzoic acid, thidiazuron, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol to culture media, with and without BAP, caused no significant changes in the numbers of lateral rhizomes, shoots or roots produced. However, paclobutrazol produced changes in explant morphology, i.e. shoot size was reduced and the diameter of roots was increased.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Comúnmente las plantas de alstroemeria (Alstromeria L.) son propagadas vegetativamente por división de su rizoma, pero este proceso consume tiempo y contribuye a la propagación de enfermedades. Es por esto que la mayoría de los híbridos de alstroemeria hoy en día son micro propagados in vitro mediante división de sus rizomas. La micropropagación es un método eficiente, limpio y prolijo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar diferentes medios de cultivo con distintas concentraciones de agar (0,0; 3,5; 7,0 g•L-1) y citoquininas en forma de BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 y 2,0 mg•L-1) con el fin de determinar las mejores condiciones de estos factores para desarrollar un método eficiente de micropropagación para Alstroemeria pallida Graham. Se evaluó el peso del explantes (g), el número de brotes del rizoma y el largo de estos (cm), la longitud del rizoma (cm), el número de rizomas obtenidos y las tasas de proliferación, de mortalidad y de contaminación, también se hizo un registro fotográfico de los explantes.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo
La inducción de mutagénesis mediante la aplicación de rayos gamma es una técnica ampliamente utilizada en el mejoramiento genético de especies ornamentales, debido a la importancia que genera la novedad en la floricultura. En estos cultivos, es relativamente simple la selección para características relevantes (color de flores, tamaño de planta y flores, entre otras), lo que se traduce en una técnica de mejoramiento genético más eficiente. En alstroemeria existen diversas variedades producto de mutagénesis con aplicación de radiación, donde las variaciones principales que se buscan son: cambio en el tamaño y color de las flores, forma y rayado interno de los tépalos, el vigor de la planta, productividad y periodo de floración. Previo a la irradiación con fines de mejoramiento genético se deben calcular los tiempos de exposición del material y la uniformidad de aplicación de radiación, lo que se conoce como dosimetría química. Junto con esto, se debe determinar una dosis que produzca un alto porcentaje de mutaciones, y que a la vez permita la sobrevivencia de un alto número de explantes, siendo la dosis donde se produce una mortalidad de 50% (DL50) un punto óptimo para irradiar con fines de mejoramiento genético.

Tesis para optar al Grado de Magister en Ciencias Agropecuarias Mención Producción de Cultivo
Las especies silvestres de alstroemeria se encuentran mayoritariamente distribuidas en Chile y Brasil siendo principalmente diploides (2n=2x=16). En esta tesis se realizó el estudio del conteo de cromosomas y cariotipado en tres especies silvestres: Alstroemeria spathulatta, pelegrina y psittacina, y dos variedades: Sweet Laura y Snow White; para determinar diferencias en su cariotipo. Producto que en alstroemeria los estudios citológicos se basan en protocolos generalizados, se buscó optimizar una metodología de obtención de cromosomas a partir de puntos meristemáticos. Se analizaron raicillas y brotes de plantas en invernadero. Se usaron dos inhibidores mitóticos: 8-HQ (2mM) y colchicina 0,05%, en hidrólisis ácida dos concentraciones de HCl, y diversos tiempos de inmersión en agua destilada para provocar la hipotonía. Se analizó la época de recolección y la procedencia del meristema a estudiar. Los mejores resultados para la obtención de placas metafásicas se obtuvieron con colchicina al 0,05%, HCl a 1N y; al menos tres días de remojo en agua destilada. Las variedades comerciales Sweet Laura y Snow White presentaron 16 y 24 cromosomas respectivamente, en tanto entre las especies silvestres, Alstroemeria spathulatta y pelegrina mostraron 16 cromosomas, mientras que psittacina 18. No se observó poliploidización, sin embargo variabilidad cariotípica entre las especies analizadas.
Wild species of alstroemerias are distributed mostly in Chile and Brazil, mainly being diploids (2n=2x=16). In this study chromosome counting and karyotyping was performed in three wild species: Alstroemeria spathulatta, pelegrina and psittacina, and two varieties: Sweet Laura and Snow White, to determine differences in ploidy and/or in its karyotype. Due to cytology alstroemeria studies are based on generalized protocols, sought to optimize a methodology for obtaining chromosomes from meristematic points. Rootlets and shoots of greenhouse plants were analyzed. Two mitotic inhibitors were used, 8-HQ (2 mM ) and colchicine 0.05%, acid hydrolysis in two concentrations of HCl, and various immersion times in distilled water were tested to cause hypotonia. The harvest season and the origin of the meristems was considered in the study. The best results were obtained with 0.05% colchicine and 1N HCl, and at least three days soaking in distilled water. The commercial varieties Sweet Laura and Snow White showed 16 and 24 chromosomes respectively, meanwhile among the wild species, Alstroemeria spathulatta and pelegrina showed 16 chromosomes, and A. psittacina 18. No polyploidization was observed, however there was karyotypic variability among species.

Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo y al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Producción de Cultivos
Alstroemeria se propaga in vitro principalmente a través de rizomas, método que presenta altos niveles de contaminación pese a ser sometida a una laboriosa desinfección, además de ser una técnica destructiva con la planta madre. Por otro lado, el cultivo in vitro de explantes aéreos presenta bajos niveles de contaminación al proveer una simple desinfección. Alstroemeria caryophyllaea es la única especie aromática del género, y Alstroemeria ‘Sweet Laura’ corresponde a un híbrido con carácter aromático. Ambos genotipos no poseen protocolos establecidos que permitan su propagación in vitro. Se evaluó eficiencia y efectividad de regeneración en explantes aéreos de alstroemeria, variando tipo de explante, concentración de citoquinina y genotipo. Se aplicó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, con arreglo factorial 3 x 4 x 2, desarrollado en dos etapas. La primera fase consideró el desarrollo de explantes en un medio para inducir brotación, y la segunda fase permitió finalizar su regeneración aérea. Para ambos genotipos estudiados, la concentración correspondiente a 1 mg L -1 de BAP fue suficiente para desarrollar organogénesis directa a partir de brotes utilizados como explantes, siendo más eficiente en el caso de Alstroemeria ‘Sweet Laura’. Finalmente, se generó un protocolo efectivo y eficiente en regeneración in vitro de Alstroemeria caryophyllaea y Alstroemeria ‘Sweet Laura’.
Alstroemeria in vitro propagation is mainly performed using rhizomes, method with high levels of pollution despite the application of a laborious disinfection. Furthermore is a destructive technique with the mother plant. On the other hand the in vitro culture of aerial explants shows lower pollution by providing a simple disinfection. Alstroemeria caryophyllaea is the only aromatic species in the genus and Alstroemeria ‘Sweet Laura’ corresponds to an hybrid with aromatic character. Both genotypes have no described protocols for their in vitro propagation. Efficiency and effectiveness of regeneration in aerial explants of Alstroemeria was assessed varying type of explant, concentration of cytokinin and genotype. A completely randomized design was used with a factorial arrangement 3 x 4 x 2 developed in two stages. The first stage considered the development of explants in a medium to induce sprouting and in the second phase aerial regeneration was induced. For both genotypes studied the concentration of 1 mg L -1 BAP was enough to develop direct organogenesis from buds used as explants, where Alstroemeria ‘Sweet Laura’ was more efficient. Finally a protocol was generated for effective and efficient in vitro regeneration of Alstroemeria caryophyllaea and Alstroemeria ‘Sweet Laura’.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Alstroemeria (L.) es uno de los géneros más diversificados de la flora vascular chilena. Alstroemeria exserens Meyen resulta atractiva por el color de sus flores y la resistencia al frío que posee. Comúnmente estas especies se propagan por división de rizomas pero al ser este un método poco eficiente y con alta posibilidad de contaminación, es que se optó por la micropropagación ya que es un método prolijo. Considerando que el agar y los reguladores de crecimiento son los componentes más determinantes en los medios de cultivos in vitro, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existe un efecto combinado de 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP) (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 y 2,0 mg•L-1) y agar (0,1; 3,5 y 7,0 g• L-1) sobre la micropropagación de A. exserens. Cada 4 semanas se evaluó el peso de la planta (g), longitud de rizoma (cm), longitud de brotes (cm) y número de brotes. En la primera etapa se calculó una tasa de prolificidad considerando las 24 semanas previas al ensayo, partiendo con 12 explantes iniciales y llegando a 111 rizomas con un brote, se obtiene una tasa de 1,54 nuevos explantes cada 4 semanas. En la segunda etapa ocurre una contaminación que ocasiona pérdidas del 75% al final del ensayo (8 semanas), haciendo inviable los análisis finales, por tanto se discutió con lo obtenido hasta la semana 4. El análisis estadístico arrojó que no existe interacción entre los factores. Al no existir un efecto combinado, se analizó por separado cada factor. La concentración de 3,5 g L-1agar presenta la mejor respuesta con medias de 1,06 cm y 3,16 g, en largo de rizoma y peso de explante respectivamente. Respecto al efecto del BAP, en todas las concentraciones (0,5, 1,0 y 2,0 mg• L-1) se observó un efecto en el control de la longitud de brotes mediante la inhibición de la dominancia apical. En este experimento se concluyó que el medio semi-sólido (3,5 g• L-1) es la mejor concentración de agar, al presentar explantes sanos con mayor aumento de peso y largo del rizoma. De esta manera, este estudio colabora con el avance hacia un protocolo de propagación in vitro de forma masiva para A. exserens.

Tesis presentada como parte de los requisitos para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo y al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias Mención Producción de Cultivos.
El género Alstroemeria tiene su origen en América del Sur y Chile es uno de los países que reúne el mayor número de taxones (49), de los cuales 40 son endémicos. Sin embargo, factores antrópicos y ambientales están afectando la sobrevivencia de estas especies, por lo que es de gran importancia la conservación de la variabilidad genética, lo que se logra mediante la propagación por semillas. Las semillas normalmente presentan dormancia, que impediría su germinación en condiciones favorables, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un protocolo de propagación para semillas de alstroemerias nativas y determinar el mejor método para romper la dormancia. Se utilizaron semillas de 10 especies de alstroemeria nativas de Chile, recolectadas desde la Región de Coquimbo a la Región del Maule y se evaluaron cinco condiciones pre-germinativas combinando escarificación y estratificación. El ensayo constó de dos etapas: la primera consideró la recolección de semillas las cuales fueron caracterizadas, evaluando además viabilidad y la presencia de fenoles. En la segunda etapa se evaluó la respuesta a los tratamientos pre-germinativos. Los resultados mostraron un efecto positivo y significativo en el porcentaje de germinación al combinar el lavado de semillas y la estratificación fría a 13 °C, obteniéndose los mejores resultados en A. pelegrina y A. angustifolia (98,3% y 91,7% respectivamente) a los 30 días. Además, se pudo apreciar distintas profundidades de dormancia en cada especie de alstroemeria, sin embargo, no fue posible asociarlas a la ubicación geográfica de origen.
The genus Alstroemeria has its origin in South America and Chile is one of the countries showing the highest number of taxa (49), from which 40 are endemic. However, anthropogenic and environmental factors are affecting the survival rate of these species, therefore, is of great importance the conservation of the genetic variability, which can be achieved through seed propagation. Seeds normally show dormancy, which prevents their germination under favorable conditions, thus the objective of this work was to develop a seed propagation protocol for native alstroemerias and to determine the best method to break the dormancy. Seeds from 10 alstroemerias native to Chile were collected, from Coquimbo Region to Maule Region, and five pre-germination treatments combine with scarifications and stratifications were evaluated. The essay was carried out in two stages: the first considered the seed collection, and phenotyping, also evaluating viability and phenols presence. During the second stage the response to the pre-germination treatments was evaluated. The results showed a positive and significant effect on the percentage of germination by combined with seed washing and cold stratification at 13 °C, obtaining the best results in A. pelegrina and A. angustifolia (98.3% and 91.7% respectively) after 30 days. In addition different depths of dormancy were observed in each species of alstroemeria, although it was not possible to associate them to the geographic location of origin.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物病理與微生物學研究所
94
Virus-like mosaic symptom was observed on alstroemerias cv. Sunny Rebecca growing in the phytotron of National Taiwan University. Chlorotic lesions appeared on mechanically inoculated leaves of Tetragonia expansa. After three successive single lesion isolations in T. expansa, a virus isolate named TW was obtained. By indirect ELISA, both symptomatic alstroemeria and T. expansa plants tested positive for potyviruses using an anti-potyvirus group monoclonal antibody. Flexuous filaments particles about 750 nm in length were observed in crude sap of the inoculated T. expansa leaves by transmission electron microscopy. Based on the morphology and size of virus particles, results of ELISA test and western blot, it revealed that the virus isolated from Alstroemeria spp. was assumed to should be a potyvirus. To further identify this unknown potyvirus, RT-PCR was performed by using degenerate primers at the conserved region of 3’–end sequence for potyviruses. A 2-kb fragment was amplified, cloned, sequenced and a BLAST search performed against the NCBI database. The results revealed that the sequenced fragment (accession number DQ295032) containing the 3’-terminal region of AlsMV including partial NIb gene, complete CP gene of 801 nt and 3’UTR of 412 nt excluding poly (A) tail. It has 98% nucleotide identity with the only published partial sequence of Alstroemeria mosaic virus V isolate (AlsMV-V, (Fuji et al., 2004; accession number AB158522) indicating that the virus obtained is an isolate of AlsMV, and so is designated as AlsMV-TW isolate. To analyze the rest remaining sequence of AlsMV-TW, several degenerate primers were paired with specific primers designated in this study, and the full-length cDNA genome of AlsMV-TW was separately RT-PCR amplified to produce 5 overlapping cDNA fragments. After cloning and sequencing these fragments, the nearly whole genomic sequence of AlsMV-TW was determined which contains 9439 nt in length, excluding the poly (A) tract. The revealed genome contains a single long ORF encoding a large polyprotein which may generate P1 (partial of 231 aa), HC-Pro (456 aa), P3 (366 aa), 6K1 and 6K2 (52 aa), CI (634 aa), NIa-VPg (187 aa), NIa-Pro (244 aa), NIb (519 aa), and CP (267 aa) via proteolytic processing. Through pairwise comparisons on the whole genome, it revealed that AlsMV-TW is most closely correlated with PVY among 41 compared potyviruses with complete sequences. This result referred to suggested that AlsMV-TW belongs to the PVY subgroup. As for the phylogenetic analysis of CP and 3’ UTR, several South American potyviruses of incomplete sequences were collected to analyze, including AlsMV-V, Amazon lily mosaic virus (ALiMV), Pepper severe mosaic virus (PepSMV), Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV), and Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV). Notably, these South America originated viruses including AlsMV itself clustered within the PVY subgroup with robust bootstrap values based on the CP genes, as previously described (Fuji et al., 2004). This phenomenon stands out that these South American viruses may be isolated and distinct from others by their geographical character. The infection frequency of AlsMV on alstroemeria in Taiwan was investigated by means of indirect-ELISA experiment using potyviral monoclonal antibody as well as RT-PCR by using AlsMV-specific primers. The result demonstrated that infection of AlsMV on alstroemeria in Taiwan is frequently occurred. In Taiwan, AlsMV is in the list of quarantine pests, but the corresponding detecting strategy has never been developed. In order to detect and identify AlsMV in Taiwan, AlsMV-specific primers and polyclonal antibody were prepared for sensitively and efficiently detecting AlsMV by RT-PCR and ELISA. This is the first report of the identification and determination of complete genome sequence of AlsMV in Taiwan.

Trabajo final integrador. (Área de Consolidación Sistemas Agrícolas de Producción Intensivos) -- UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2017
La vida post-cosecha de una flor es uno de los parámetros de calidad más importantes a tener en cuenta en el cultivo de flores, para satisfacer así las necesidades del cliente y posicionarse fuertemente en el mercado. El cultivo de Alstroemeria suele perder calidad rápidamente en su vida post-cosecha. El acelerado amarillamiento de hojas y la posterior senescencia de pétalos son los dos fenómenos que ocurren en las varas florales que hacen disminuir la demanda a la hora de su comercialización. Una alternativa para mitigar estos fenómenos es el uso de tratamientos de post cosecha, entre ellos por ejemplo, la incorporación de hormonas hace que se retrasen estos procesos o bien la aplicación de inhibidores de etileno en el caso que el cultivo sea sensible a dicho gas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes soluciones post-cosecha para aumentar la vida en el vaso. Se aplicaron tres tratamientos utilizando distintas soluciones: 1) una mezcla de ácido cítrico, azúcar e hipoclorito de sodio, 2)giberelinas (GA3), y 3) un producto comercial denominado Flecha, que es utilizado como fertilizante foliar (composición: solución de ácido fosfórico, sulfato de cobre, urea, octoborato de sodio).La metodología utilizada fue la de realizar un pulso de 24 hs, a todos los tratamientos, en cámara a una temperatura de 3.4°C. Al día siguiente se extrajeron las varas de la cámara y se colocaron de a dos en frascos de vidrio. El efecto de las soluciones se determinó a través de observación diaria, siempre a la misma hora del día. Se concluyó que el tratamiento con giberelinas fue el único eficiente a la hora de mantener el follaje verde. En cuanto a la duración de las flores el tratamiento con Flecha es el que brinda el mayor tiempo de vida de las mismas. Se obtiene a partir de estos resultados la conclusión de que un tratamiento con giberelinas podría constituir una herramienta útil para retrasar el amarillamiento foliar y un tratamiento con Flecha podría alargar la vida comercial de flores cortadas de Alstroemeria, brindando esto una ventaja económica para la comercialización de esta especie.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
93
Alstreoemeria species, a member of the family Alstroemeriaceae and genus Alstroemeria, are also named Peruvian lily and monocotyledon flowering plants. Alstroemeria is a new cutting flower in Taiwan and total yield of Alstroemeria is increasing in recent years. This research suggests to increase flower produce in months flower production is not enough by controling flowering period by photoperiod, light intensity or growth temperature. Chemical treatment of GA is suggested to control and increase flower production. Different chemical treatments on Alstreoemeria cut flowers is suggested to increase vase life of cut flowers and to delay yellowing of leaves. Alstroemeria ‘Sunny Rebecca’ is main material in this research. Using combinations of different lightening ways for increasing production in autum and winter in Taiwan and confirm which way is most helpful or suitable for Alstroemeria production in Taiwan. Extending lightening by night (incandescent lamp lightening by night, In+N ), increasing light intensity by day (high pressure sodium lamp lightening by day, HPS+D) and extending lightening with increasing light intensity by night (high pressure sodium lamp lightening by night, HPS+N ) comparing with control treatment (natural daylight), all can increase the production on Alstroemeria ‘Sunny Rebecca’. Increasing the produce from maximum to minimum follows in the order, extending lightening with increasing light intensity (HPS+N ), increasing light intensity by day (In+N ) and extending lightening by night (In+N ), and increased percentage of flower shoots which is compaired with control treatment is 195%, 117% and 74% , respectively. Therefore, lightening effect,effect of long day with increasing light intensity treatment is better than effect of increasing light intensity better than effect of long day treatment. The main effect of long day treatment is to promote flower induction and early flowering .The main effect of increasing light intensity treatment is to increase produce. The light intensity of treat area may not achieve light saturation point of Alstroemeria ‘Sunny Rebecca’ and extending lightening with increasing light intensity is most helpful to flower shoot produce. Therefore, high pressure sodium lamp lightening by night is most helpful in production and using low cost incandescent lamp can obviously increase flower shoot produce in autum and winter in Taiwan. This research is to understand effect of temperature on flowering and development of Alstroemeria and discuss possibility of flower shoot produce in low altitude in Taiwan. Treat area is in natural daylight rooms which are day/night temperatures controlled under 25/20℃, 20/15℃ and 15/13℃ of phytotron in National Taiwan University. Under hight temperature of 25/20℃, elongating rate of shoots is faster and days from sprouting to first flower is shortist, 15 days shorter compaired with under 15/13℃. Time that flower bud development(days from stage 1 to stage 5) needs is obviously shorter under 25/20℃, 10 days shorter (under 25/20℃ compaire with under 20/15℃ and 15/13℃). Under each temperature, pedicel elongating stage (stage 2) takes most of time of flower bud development and this stage is obviously shorten under 25/20℃. Flowering shoots are more under 15/13℃ and 20/15℃. Total shoots have no difference under each temperature but flowering shoots are increased under lower temperature(20/15℃ and 15/13℃), flowering percentage increased. On flowering stem quality, shoots are longer under hight temperature of 25/20℃, numbers of node under the cyme are more. Besides, flower shoot is almost absent under 30/25℃.That might be because of failing to make flower induction and have normal developmet of flower bud. Therefore, it is suggested that stage of flower induction before flower shoot development should be controlled under 20/15℃ in production to make flowering shoots increased. And flower shoot development stage should be controlled under 25/20℃ in production to make flowering rate faster. The result declares that natural abundant flowering season of Alstroemeria ‘Sunny Rebecca’ is coming after low temperature in winter that promotes flower induction. Then high temperature in summer promotes flowering rate and contribute to abundant flowering season in spring and summer. If production being at low altitude, it’s better to growth Alstroemeria in winter when there is low temperature to induce flower induction. This research is to understand if gibberellin(GA) treatment on Alstroemeria promotes flowering or growth. Under relative hight temperature of 25/20℃, GA3 treatment promotes early flowering, time of flower bud development shortened, flower shoots elongating, elongating rate of flowering shoot increased and numbers of node and internode lenghth increased. It is 10 days earlier for time of flowering and 4 days earlier for time of flower bud development and 16 cm longer in flowering shoot lenghth that all are compaired with control treatment. Under relative low temperature of 15/13℃, GA3 treatment promotes elongating rate of flowering shoots increased but has no effect on time of flower bud development, days to flower, lenghth of flowering shoot, numbers of node and lenghth of internode. It is suggested that GA3 treatment may have effect of long day or low temperature under high temoperature of 25/20℃ on Alstroemeria ‘Sunny Rebecca’. GA3 treatment have no siginificant effect on total shoots and flowering percentage no matter under 25/20℃ or 15/13℃. GA3 treatment by spraying or by drenching being compaired with control treatment, GA3 treatment by spraying makes days to flower and time of stage 2 shorten significantly. Therefore GA3 treatment by spraying has better effects. It is suggested that GA3 treatment promotes early flowering and improves grade of shoots at least under 25/20℃ above of growth environment. GA3 treats direct on sprouting shoots by spraying has better effect. Using different chemicals including STS(sodium thiosulfate), GA3, 1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene) and commercial product Crysal SVB and Crysal LVB as pre-treatment and transport processing are for resolving the problems of sensitivity of Alstroemeria cut flower to ethylene and yellowing of leaves and discuss those effects on the vase life and leaf yellowing. For vase life, STS1x+Sucrose and STS2x+Sucrose are most effective, then is STS3x+Sucrose and then is SVB+LVB. For delaying leaf yellowing, 1-MCP is most effective and then is SVB+LVB. Combinating effects of prolonging vase life and delaying leaf yellowing, it is suggested that effect of STS1x+Sucrose is the best. Continuous treating of cut flower under different light intensity(150, 1500, 3000lux), there are effect on delaying leaf yellowing no matter by control treatment or chemical (GA3+8HQS+Sucrose) treatment under 1500lux of lightening. Under lower lightening intensity(150lux), chemical treatment has better effect on delaying leaf yellowing compaired with control treatment.