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Academic literature on the topic 'Altération aqueuse'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Altération aqueuse"
Yan, Yongning. "Altération des sables par des solutions basiques." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10078.
Full textBouakkaz, Rachid. "Altération aqueuse et hydratation en phase vapeur du verre SON68 à basse température (35-90°C)." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0168/document.
Full textThe SON68 glass is initially altered in dynamic mode under silica rich COx water (42 mg/L) at pH8, high S/V ratio (14000 m⁻¹) and at 35, 50 and 90°C. The results showed that the glass alteration seems to be governed by both diffusion and surface reaction process. The residual rate at 90°C is around 10-4 g.m⁻².d⁻¹. The activation energy is about 70 kJ.mol⁻¹. The dissolution /precipitation and hydrolysis/condensation mechanisms are responsible for the development of the alteration layer. Mg silicates and calcites precipitate at 35 and 50°C, the same phases in addition to powellite and apatite precipitate at 90°C. The results predicted by the model reproduce well experimental data. The glass is then hydrated at temperatures ranging from 35 to 125°C and relative humidity values (RH) between 92 an 99.9%. The glass hydration increases with the temperature and RH, the hydration energy is about 34.2 kJ.mol⁻¹. The alteration layers thicknesses vary between 0.3μm at 35°C and 5μm at 125°C. The alteration layer is depleted in (B, Li, Na) and enriched in (Si, Al, Fe, Zn and Ni). The secondary phases are calcite, powellite, apatite and tobermorite in adition to a hydration gel. The effect of near field materials on the ²⁹Si doped SON68 glass alteration was studied. The presence of steel increases the pH and decreases the Si and Mo concentrations without changing the overall rate of glass corrosion. The Si is retained on the steel corrosion products, its concentration in solution seems to be controlled by the clay dissolution. The glass corrosion in the presence of steel and clay at 90°C leads to the formation of magnetite, siderite, ironsilicates, pure silica, iron sulphur (pyrite, troilite,pyrrhotite and mackinawite), calcite, apatite, powellite and Mg silicates. The modelling results agree well with the experimental data
Garenne, Alexandre. "Étude de l'altération hydrothermale des chondrites carbonées et implications pour les observations des petits corps." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU054/document.
Full textAsteroids are relics from the early Solar System. Some of them are extremely primitive and can help in understanding the mechanic of Solar System formation, and ultimately the scenario that led to the formation of a habited planetary system. Reflectance spectroscopy is now a classical and useful method to analyze asteroid composition from the Earth or during space mission. In this PhD thesis, we tried to improve our understanding of the spectral properties of asteroids by looking at naturally delivered fragments, meteorites. We have used different analytical methods on carbonaceous chondrites (pieces of primitive asteroids) to characterized their chemical and mineralogical composition. We studied the nature of hydrated phases, water budget, phyllosilicate structures and the speciation of iron on these meteorites. All these analyses permit an improved understanding of the transformation of the mineralogy by parent body (asteroidal) alteration. Furthermore, these analyses provide quantitative and qualitative constraints to understand the factors controlling the reflectance measurement performed on the same meteorite. We compared different analytical parameters to quantify the water abundance and suggest a method to quantify hydrated phases on dark asteroids
Orthous-Daunay, François-Régis. "Empreinte moléculaire des processus post-accrétionnels dans la matière organique des chondrites carbonées." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU017/document.
Full textType 1 and 2 carbonaceous chondrites include the most chemically and petrologically pristine meteorites. This intactness goes along with the abundance of organic matter which is a phase of choice to investigate the presolar material processing in the nebula and then on the first bodies. The purpose of this thesis is to study the influence of post-accretional processes on the molecular characteristics of organic matter and in particular the extent of oxidation effects due to aqueous alteration. We have carried out a comparative study based on the carbon structure and functional analysis of more than ten meteorites whose geologic histories were independently determined. The redox degree of sulfur in the insoluble fraction was measured by SK-Xanes spectroscopy. FT-IR spectroscopy gave access to the fine structures of aliphatic chains and oxygen-rich functions. Orbitrap very high resolution mass spectrometry was used to describe the heteroatomic diversity of soluble molecules in the Renazzo (CR2) chondrite. The aliphatic chains of CI chondrites and Murchison differ from others by a higher and unchanging abundance of methyl groups. Type 1 chondrites are the only carriers of oxidized sulfur functions whereas the sulfur speciation in type 2 chondrites is invariable. For all studied chondrites, the carbonyl groups are mainly under the form of ketones and their abundance can’t be related to the degree of aqueous alteration. Any parameters we have measured in this study lead us to conclude that the molecular variability among type 1 and 2 carbonaceous chondrites are less due to the footprint left by the hydrothermal activity than due to the heterogeneity of an organic precursor accreted by each parent body. In particular, our measurements invalidate the hypothesis that the alteration would cause an oxidative conversion of aliphatic chains to carboxylic acid functions
Orthous-Daunay, François-Regis. "Empreinte moléculaire des processus post-accrétionnels dans la matière organique des chondrites carbonées." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601315.
Full textCarter, John. "Étude des minéraux hydratés à la surface de Mars par les imageurs hyperspectraux OMEGA/MEx et CRISM/MRO." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657804.
Full textSterpenich, Jérôme. "Altération des vitraux médiévaux : contribution à l'étude du comportement à long terme des verres de confinement." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0211_STERPENICH.pdf.
Full textGin, Stéphane. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence d'espèces aqueuses sur la cinétique de dissolution du verre nucléaire R7T7." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2323.
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