Academic literature on the topic 'Alternacia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternacia"

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DURSUN, Özer, Mustafa VATANSEVER, Erdem DİNÇ, F. Merve BOZKURT, Ayşe Ayça SARI, and Ufuk ADIGÜZEL. "A Case of Alternaria Alternata Keratitis." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 26, no. 3 (2017): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2015-48470.

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Huerva, Valentín, and Jordi Soldevila. "Alternaria alternata keratitis." Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 149, no. 10 (November 2017): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2017.10.013.

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Huerva, Valentín, and Jordi Soldevila. "Queratitis por Alternaria alternata." Medicina Clínica 149, no. 10 (November 2017): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2017.05.017.

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Lagopodi, Anastasia L., and Costas C. Thanassoulopoulos. "Development of Chlamydospores in Alternaria alternata." Mycologia 87, no. 5 (September 1995): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760802.

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Thompson-Eagle, E. T., W. T. Frankenberger, and U. Karlson. "Volatilization of Selenium by Alternaria alternata." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, no. 6 (1989): 1406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.6.1406-1413.1989.

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Ogawa, H., M. Fujimura, S. Amaike, Y. Matsumoto, M. Kitagawa, and T. Matsuda. "Eosinophilic pneumonia caused by Alternaria alternata." Allergy 52, no. 10 (October 1997): 1005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02421.x.

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Lagopodi, Anastasia L., and Costas C. Thanassoulopoulos. "Development of chlamydospores in Alternaria alternata." Mycologia 87, no. 5 (September 1995): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1995.12026574.

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Wang, Ruyi, Peng Zhao, Xizhen Ge, and Pingfang Tian. "Overview of Alternaria alternata Membrane Proteins." Indian Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12088-020-00873-8.

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Klimek, L., C. Bardenhewer, M. Spielhaupter, C. Harai, K. Becker, and O. Pfaar. "Lokale allergische Rhinitis auf Alternaria alternata." HNO 63, no. 5 (May 2015): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-015-0005-x.

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Salo, Päivi M., Samuel J. Arbes, Richard D. Cohn, Harriet A. Burge, Stephanie J. London, and Darryl C. Zeldin. "Alternaria alternata antigens in US homes." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, no. 2 (February 2006): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.10.034.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternacia"

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González, García Jordi. "La tutoría personal en el sistema de formación por alternacia. Estudio internacional de impactos en los Centros Educativos Familiares de Formación por Alternancia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670057.

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La tesi tracta de l'impacte de la tutoria personalitzada en el Sistema Pedagògic de la Alternança. Analitza les modalitats, definicions i efectes d'aquest element educatiu. S'ha realitzat a quatre països, amb diferents contextos. Es fonamenta científicament la pràctica de la tutoria personalitzada. La metodologia qualitativa i quantitativa: entrevistes a cinc experts i un centenar d'enquestes a exalumnes, amb un qüestionari propi. Es confirma la importància de la tutoria personal en els àmbits acadèmic, humà, professional. Es mostren les dificultats per a la seva adequada aplicació per part de docents o institucions i sistemes educatius. Hi ha manca de flexibilitat en els actors educatius que entorpeix la innovació. La tutoria és relació i diàleg, i l'actitud dels docents és clau en el seu desenvolupament i impacte. Importància de la formació de formadors perquè l'impacte de la tutoria sigui holístic i no només promogui l'èxit acadèmic dels alumnes.
La tesis trata del impacto de la tutoría personalizada en el Sistema Pedagógico de la Alternancia. Analiza las modalidades, definiciones y efectos de este elemento educativo. Se ha realizado en cuatro países, con diferentes contextos. Se fundamenta científicamente la práctica de la tutoría personalizada. La metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa: entrevistas a cinco expertos y un centenar de encuestas a exalumnos, con un cuestionario propio. Se confirma la importancia de la tutoría personal en los ámbitos académico, humano, profesional. Se muestran las dificultades para su adecuada aplicación, por parte de docentes o instituciones y sistemas educativos. Existe falta de flexibilidad en los actores educativos que entorpece la innovación. La tutoría es relación y diálogo, y la actitud de los docentes es clave en su desarrollo e impacto. Importancia de la formación de formadores para que el impacto de la tutoría sea holístico y no sólo promueva el éxito académico de los alumnos.
The thesis deals with the impact of personalized tutoring in the Pedagogical System of Alternation. It analyzes the modalities, definitions and effects of this educational element. It has been carried out in four countries, with different contexts. The practice of personalized tutoring is scientifically based. The qualitative and quantitative methodology: interviews with five experts and a hundred surveys of former students, with an own questionnaire. The importance of personal tutoring in the academic, human and professional fields is confirmed. Difficulties for its proper application by teachers or educational institutions and systems are shown. There is a lack of flexibility in educational actors that hinders innovation. Mentoring is relationship and dialogue, and the attitude of teachers is key to its development and impact. Importance of the training of trainers so that the impact of tutoring is holistic and not only promotes the academic success of students.
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Pedroso, Daniele Cardoso. "Associação de alternaria spp. com sementes de apiáceas: métodos de inoculação e influência na qualidade fisiológica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4985.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiologic quality of carrot seeds, cilantro and parsley, associated with Alternaria alternata and A. dauci under two inoculation methods, conidial suspension and restriction hidric. The isolated of A. dauci and A. alternata were obtained, respectively, of carrot plants with symptom of the disease and of seeds of each one of the species, submitted to an initial test of sanity (Blotter Test). The inoculation treatments for suspension consisted in: testifies (distilled water and sterilized), conidial suspension of A. alternata, conidial suspension of A. dauci and conidial suspension of both species (A. alternata + A. dauci). Para restriction hidric: PDA + manitol (testifies); PDA + manitol + A. alternata; PDA + manitol + A. dauci; PDA + manitol + A.alternata + A.dauci. The physiologic quality of the seeds was evaluated by a group of tests accomplished in controlled conditions of laboratory and green house. The quality of carrot seeds, cilantro and parsley is influence by the association with it would Alternaria alternata and A. dauci. The use of the inoculation of seeds through the conidial suspension is efficient in the contamination of carrot seeds for A. alternata and A. dauci. The use of the manitol, as a restritor hidric, is effective for the obtaining of seeds infected by A. dauci in the culture of the parsley. Already for cilantro seeds, both methods demonstrated satisfactory levels of infection.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cenoura, coentro e salsa, associadas com Alternaria alternata e A. dauci, sob dois métodos de inoculação, suspensão de conídios e restrição hídrica. Os isolados de A. dauci e A. alternata foram obtidos, respectivamente, de plantas de cenoura com sintomas da doença e de sementes de cada uma das espécies, submetidas a um teste inicial de sanidade (Blotter Test). Os tratamentos de inoculação para suspensão consistiram em: tratamento testemunha (água destilada e esterilizada), suspensão de conídios de A. alternata, suspensão de conídios de A. dauci e suspensão de conídios de ambas as espécies (A. alternata + A. dauci). Para restrição hídrica: BDA + manitol (tratamento testemunha); BDA + manitol + A. alternata; BDA + manitol + A. dauci; BDA + manitol + A.alternata + A.dauci. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada por um conjunto de testes realizados em condições controladas de laboratório e em casa de vegetação. A qualidade das sementes de cenoura, coentro e salsa é prejudicada pela associação com Alternaria alternata e A. dauci. A utilização da inoculação de sementes através da suspensão de conídios é eficiente na contaminação de sementes de cenoura por A. alternata e A. dauci. A utilização do manitol, como um restritor hídrico, é eficaz para a obtenção de sementes infectadas por A. dauci na cultura da salsa. Para sementes de coentro, ambos os métodos demonstram níveis satisfatórios de infecção.
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Colturato, Adimara Bentivoglio 1981. "Efeito do meio de cultura, temperatura, fotoperíodo e fungicidas no crescimento micelial e no controle de Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, causador da mancha marrom do tangor murcote /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97159.

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Resumo: A mancha marrom de alternaria, causada pela Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, afeta o tangor murcote causando lesões em folhas, ramos e frutos, acarretando em desfolha e manchas que depreciam o fruto comercialmente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar o efeito do meio de cultura no isolamento, da temperatura e do fotoperíodo no crescimento micelial do patógeno, avaliar a sensibilidade do patógeno à fungicidas in vitro e estabelecer o melhor produto e dose para o controle da doença no campo. As avaliações laboratoriais constaram de avaliações de crescimento micelial, medição do tamanho de conídios, concentração de conídos/mL e avaliação de meios de culturas para isolamento do patógeno. Os resultados do teste in vitro mostraram que os ingredientes ativos trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole e trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inibiram completamente o crescimento micelial do patógeno. No ensaio de campo todos os tratamento foram superiores a testemunha quanto a produtividade. Concluindo que o controle da doença é recomendado independente do produto utilizado. Entre os produtos utilizados o tratamento com trifloxystrobin + propiconazole foi rentável comparando-se custo e produtividade.
Abstract: The brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, affects the Murcott tangor causing lesions in leaves, branches and fruits, defoliation and depreciating the fruit commercially. The objectives of this work went to determine the influence of temperature, media culture and sensibility several fungicides and rates in vitro and in the field. The results showed that: In in vitro test the ingredients active trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole and trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inhibited the micelial growth of the pathogen completely. In the field all fungicides treatments were effectives with productivity. Among the used products the treatment trifloxystrobin + propiconazole was profitable being compared cost and productivity.
Orientador: Edson Luiz Furtado
Coorientador: Wilson Story Venâncio
Banca: Nilton Luiz de Souza
Banca: Maristella Dalla Pria
Mestre
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Vélez, Heriberto. "Alternaria alternata mannitol metabolism in plant-pathogen interactions." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12282005-171313/.

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Mannitol is purported to have role in fungi as a storage carbohydrate and has been shown to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in vitro and in vivo. Mannitol metabolism in fungi is thought to occur through the mannitol cycle, which was proposed in the late 1970?s from studies of cell free extracts of the fungus Alternaria alternata. In this cycle, mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (MPDH; EC 1.1.1.17) reduces fructose 6-phosphate into mannitol 1-phosphate, which is dephosphorylated by a mannitol 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.22) resulting in mannitol and inorganic phosphate. Mannitol also can be made through the enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH; EC 1.1.1.138), which reduces fructose to mannitol. Here we report confirmation of these enzymes in the fungus A. alternata, the isolation of the genes, and the generation of strains mutated in MPDH, MtDH, or both genes. PCR confirmed gene replacement and enzyme assays using these mutants showed no activity for MtDH or MPDH. GC-MS analysis showed that double mutants did not produce mannitol, while single mutants had reduced mannitol production. Mannitol, as a quencher of ROS, may also have a role in host-pathogen interactions, by allowing the fungus to suppress ROS-mediated plant defense responses. To assess the contribution of mannitol in plant-pathogen interactions, wild type, single and double mutants were used in pathogenicity assays on tobacco plants. Severity of lesions caused by the MtDH disruptant was not significantly different from that of the wild type. By contrast, the MPDH disruptant and the double mutant caused significantly less disease. Microscopy analysis and histochemical staining for H2O2 showed that both the wild type strain and the double mutant were able to germinate, produced appressoria, and elicited a defense response from the host. Quantitative PCR studies showed that genes for both enzymes were upregulated in the presence of tobacco extracts, with MPDH having a stronger response. We conclude that mannitol biosynthesis is required for pathogenesis of A. alternata on tobacco, but is not required for normal spore germination either in vitro or in planta or for initial infection.
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Colturato, Adimara Bentivoglio [UNESP]. "Efeito do meio de cultura, temperatura, fotoperíodo e fungicidas no crescimento micelial e no controle de Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, causador da mancha marrom do tangor murcote." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97159.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A mancha marrom de alternaria, causada pela Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, afeta o tangor murcote causando lesões em folhas, ramos e frutos, acarretando em desfolha e manchas que depreciam o fruto comercialmente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar o efeito do meio de cultura no isolamento, da temperatura e do fotoperíodo no crescimento micelial do patógeno, avaliar a sensibilidade do patógeno à fungicidas in vitro e estabelecer o melhor produto e dose para o controle da doença no campo. As avaliações laboratoriais constaram de avaliações de crescimento micelial, medição do tamanho de conídios, concentração de conídos/mL e avaliação de meios de culturas para isolamento do patógeno. Os resultados do teste in vitro mostraram que os ingredientes ativos trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole e trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inibiram completamente o crescimento micelial do patógeno. No ensaio de campo todos os tratamento foram superiores a testemunha quanto a produtividade. Concluindo que o controle da doença é recomendado independente do produto utilizado. Entre os produtos utilizados o tratamento com trifloxystrobin + propiconazole foi rentável comparando-se custo e produtividade.
The brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, affects the Murcott tangor causing lesions in leaves, branches and fruits, defoliation and depreciating the fruit commercially. The objectives of this work went to determine the influence of temperature, media culture and sensibility several fungicides and rates in vitro and in the field. The results showed that: In in vitro test the ingredients active trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole and trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inhibited the micelial growth of the pathogen completely. In the field all fungicides treatments were effectives with productivity. Among the used products the treatment trifloxystrobin + propiconazole was profitable being compared cost and productivity.
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Souza, Ariane do Carmo. "Controle biológico de Alternaria alternata, agente causal da mancha marrom de alternaria, por Bacillus SPP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10473.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causes large economic damages in tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Its control is carried out through the spraying of agrochemicals, implying up to 15 pulverizations per year, which causes an increase in the production costs of the cultures and damages to the environment. As an alternative, the use of microorganisms, in particular Bacillus spp., has been used to diseases’ control. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the viability of Bacillus spp in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The methodologies were based on the interactions between biological control agents (Bacillus spp.) and the phytopathogen A. alternata, evaluated by the paired culture technique, by the production of volatile, thermostable and cell-free metabolites by different Bacillus spp. isolates. The molecular identification of the isolates tested and the efficacy of bacterial isolates were evaluated in leaves and plants under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that most of the isolates affected the development of phytopathogen and produced some types of metabolite, being antibiosis one of the probable mechanisms of action of the bacterium. The isolates ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 and ACB-57 presented potential for disease control of A. alternata.
A mancha marrom de alternaria, causada por Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causa grandes danos econômicos em tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Seu controle é realizado através de pulverizações com agroquímicos, implicando em até 15 pulverizações por ano, o que acarreta em aumento no custo de produção da cultura e prejuízos ao meio ambiente. Como alternativa, o uso de microrganismos, em particular, as bactérias do gênero Bacillus spp., têm sido empregadas para o controle de doenças. Portanto, esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar em condições in vitro e in vivo a viabilidade de 47 isolados de Bacillus spp. para o controle da doença. As metodologias foram embasadas nas interações entre agentes de controle biológico (Bacillus spp.) e o fitopatógeno A. alternata avaliadas pela técnica de cultivo pareado, pela produção de metabólitos voláteis, termoestáveis e livre de células por diferentes isolados de Bacillus spp.. Realizou-se, ainda, a identificação molecular dos isolados testados e a eficácia dos isolados da bactéria em folhas destacadas e em plantas, sob condições de casa de vegetação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a maioria dos isolados afetou o desenvolvimento do fitopatógeno e produziram algum tipo de metabólito, sendo, a antibiose um dos prováveis mecanismos de ação da bactéria. Os isolados ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 e ACB-57 apresentaram potencial para o biocontrole de A. alternata.
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Armitage, Andrew D. "Alternaria alternata leaf spot pathogens : genetics, evolutionary history and diagnostics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/62072/.

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The primary objective of this study was to characterise the Alternaria alternata species group. Particular focus was put on understanding the pathogens Alternaria mali and Alternaria gaisen, responsible for leaf spot diseases of apple and pear and of phytosanitary importance in Europe. Understanding evolutionary relationships is important in defining the genetic and biological characteristics associated with plant pathogens in this species group. This will inform management strategies and facilitate the development of reliable detection tools for important plant diseases. Evolutionary relationships within the A. alternata species group were established using a phylogenetic approach based on functional genes. Highly variable loci (endoPG, Alta1, L152 and three novel loci) identified three major lineages within the A. alternata which were supported by isolate morphology. These were considered to represent subspecies within A. alternata. The presence of toxin-synthesis genes, required for the production of host-selective toxins (HSTs) in apple and pear pathotypes, was established within A. alternata isolates. Isolates carrying apple HST-genes were only present in ssp. tenuissima, while isolates carrying pear HST-genes were present in ssp. gaisen. Virulence assays showed that apple HST-genes are required for pathogenicity on apple leaf. The presence of different mating type genes in isolates was used to assess evidence for recombination within the A. alternata species group. Distribution of mating type idiomorphs indicated that recombination must have occurred in this putatively asexual species. Analysis of whole genome sequence data indicated that A. alternata possesses the genes required for meiotic recombination, supporting a theory of recombination and possible sexuality within this group. This work provides insight into the evolution and causal agents of A. alternata plant diseases. Furthermore, whole genome sequencing data was generated during the course of this study and represents valuable genetic resource that can be used for future research, including development of pathotype-specific molecular markers.
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Stuart, Rodrigo Makowiecky 1980. "Análise da interação entre citros e alternaria alternata patótipo tangerina." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317070.

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Orientador: Marcos Antonio Machado
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O patótipo tangerina do fungo Alternaria alternata produz a toxina hospedeiro específica ACT que afeta tangerinas e seus híbridos e causa a doença conhecida como mancha marrom de alternaria (MMA). A toxina ACT causa necrose em plantas susceptíveis, afetando ramos, folhas novas e frutos. Os sintomas incluem pontos marrons a negros circundados por um halo amarelado. Laranjas doces eram consideradas resistentes à doença uma vez que MMA nunca havia sido descrita no campo. Foi demonstrado que uma linhagem do fungo A. alternata produtor de toxina ACT é capaz de penetrar e colonizar de forma assintomática folhas de laranja 'Pera' sem perder a capacidade de causar necrose em genótipos susceptíveis. Microscopia óptica, inoculação e isolamento de A. alternata em plantas de laranja doce seguida pela inoculação cruzada em folhas susceptíveis de tangor 'Murcott', em adição a detecção por PCR do fungo em folhas assintomáticas de laranja doce no campo confirmam que laranja 'Pera' atua como hospedeiro assintomático do patógeno. A análise de genes (RT-qPCR) e proteínas (2DE) expressas durante a infecção com o fungo demonstrou que diferentes vias de sinalização foram ativadas em plantas de citros em resposta a A. alternata. Durante a resistência plantas responderam ativando as vias de sinalização mediadas por etileno e ácido jasmônico, as quais estão tipicamente envolvidas na defesa de plantas contra microrganismos necrotróficos. Aparentemente a produção de etileno também é requerida durante a susceptibilidade. Genes envolvidos na síntese de etileno aparecem induzidos durante a infecção e desenvolvimento de sintomas. Durante a infecção assintomática as plantas cítricas ativaram genes e proteínas associadas à síntese de fenilpropanóides, indicando o possível papel destes em plantas de laranja
Abstract: The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata produces the host-specific ACT-toxin that affects mandarins and their hybrids and causes the disease known as Alternaria brown spot (ABS). ACT-toxin causes necrosis in susceptible plants, and the disease affects twigs, young leaves and fruits. The symptoms include brown to black necrotic spots that are surrounded by a yellow halo. Sweet oranges were considered resistant to the disease since ABS symptoms have never been reported in the field. It was demonstrated that an ACT-toxin-producing strain of A. alternata is able to penetrate and colonize Pera sweet orange leaves asymptomatically without losing its ability to cause necrosis on susceptible genotypes. Light microscopy, inoculation and recovery of A. alternata from sweet orange leaves followed by subsequent cross-inoculation in susceptible leaves of Murcott tangor and PCR detection of the fungus in sweet orange symptomless leaves collected in the field confirmed that Pera sweet orange may act as an asymptomatic host for the pathogen. The analysis of genes (RT-qPCR) and proteins (2DE) expressed during fungal infection demonstrated that different signaling pathways were activated in citrus plants in response to A. alternata. During resistance, plants respond activating ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling pathways which are typically involved in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens. Apparently the production of ethylene is also required during susceptibility. Genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis appear to be induced during infection and symptoms development. During asymptomatic infection, citrus plants activate genes and proteins associated to phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, indicating their possible role in sweet orange plants response to the disease
Doutorado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Grundström, Moa, and Mathilda Gammelgård. "En alternativ image : Hur alternativa förpackningar utvecklar varumärkets image." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161316.

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De globala miljöförändringarna kan inte längre förnekas, vilket skapat fler kritiska konsumenter, som ställer högre krav på företag att ta mer ansvar för sin produktion och förpackningar pekas ut som en stor miljöbov. Förpackningarnas fundamentala roll att skydda produkter under frakt har nu förändrats och förpackningar har gått till att vara återvunna, återanvändningsbara eller obefintliga. Paketeringen beskrivs inom marknadsföringsfältet som en viktig kommunikationskanal och många varumärken är inte villiga att ge upp denna fördel genom att totalt förändra dess utseende. Denna studie tar ansatsen att öka förståelsen för hur en ny typ av miljövänlig paketering; nakna produkter och återanvändningsbara förpackningar inom skönhetsindustrin, påverkar varumärkets image. Anledningen att detta område uppfattas som intressant utgår från att konsumenter får en positiv känsla av att agera miljövänligt men trots detta inte väljer de miljövänliga alternativen, vilket indikerar ett attityd- och beteendegap. Studiens syfte är därmed att öka förståelsen för hur företag inom skönhetsindustrin ska utforma alternativa förpackningslösningar på ett sätt som utvecklar varumärkets image. Denna studie har därför haft som avsikt att besvara problemformuleringen: Hur påverkar alternativa förpackningslösningar varumärkets image? Tidigare forskning visar att förpackningen är en bidragande faktor till den image, som varumärken uppfattas ha och att miljöarbete gynnar imagen positivt. Däremot så har få studier gjorts på hur miljövänliga förpackningar påverkar imagen. Tidigare forskning, som har genomförts inom matindustrin, konstaterade att minskningen av överpaketering är skadligt för varumärket men att liknande studier bör göras inom andra produktkategorier. Denna studie tar avstamp från tidigare studiers rekommendation om att undersöka andra produktkategorier. Skönhetsföretaget Lush har i dagsläget börjat introducera alternativa förpackningar och har därför använts som exempelföretag.   Forskningsfältet om hur alternativa förpackningar påverkar varumärket uppfattas som bristfälligt och det krävs mer kunskap för hur de påverkar varandra. Studien har därför tagit en kvalitativ forskningsansats och både djupintervjuer och kartläggningsövningar har genomförts. Studiens genomförande har tagit etiska riktlinjer i beaktning.   Studien bidrar till en förståelse för hur alternativa förpackningar påverkar varumärkesimagen, samt hur de kan användas för att utveckla varumärket. Fortsättningsvis så presenteras potentiella lösningar till de problem som alternativa förpackningar kan medföra. En väsentlig del av detta är associationer om att konsumenterna uppfattar alternativa förpackningslösningar som mer ohygieniska än traditionella. Denna hygienaspekt leder därmed till ett forskningsbidrag som till författarnas kännedom inte har återfunnits i tidigare studier. Slutligen har det forskningsgap som beskrivits täckts men behöver fortsatt forskning.
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Sand, Sonja [Verfasser], and R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Charakterisierung eines Blaulichtrezeptors in Alternaria alternata / Sonja Sand. Betreuer: R. Fischer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1041665474/34.

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Books on the topic "Alternacia"

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Caputo, Dante. Frepaso: Alternancia o alternativa. Bs.As. [i.e. Buenos Aires]: Corregidor, 1996.

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James, Robert L. Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata on young Douglas-fir and Engelmann spruce germlings. Missoula, Mont: USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, 1987.

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Elaraki, Abdelrhafour. Alternaria: Roman. Casablanca: Editions Le Fennec, 1998.

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Alternatif medya, alternatif gazetecilik. Konya: Literatürk, 2012.

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Rotem, Joseph. The genus Alternaria: Biology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. St. Paul, Minn: APS Press, 1994.

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Turašvili, Datʻo. Alternativa. Tʻbilisi: Gamomcʻemloba "Azri", 1998.

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Chávez, Javier Rodríguez. Alternativa. [La Laguna, Canary Islands]: Excmo. Ayuntamiento de San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Concejalía de Cultura y Patrimonio Histórico-Artístico, 2001.

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Pozzi, Giovanni. Alternatim. Milano: Adelphi, 1996.

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Complementary & alternative therapies for nursing practice. 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson, 2011.

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Verma, P. R. Monograph on alternaria diseases of crucifers. Saskatoon, Sask: Saskatoon Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alternacia"

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Breitenbach, M., and B. Simon-Nobbe. "The Allergens of Cladosporium herbarum and Alternaria alternata." In Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity, 48–72. Basel: KARGER, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000058862.

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Achatz, Gernot, Hannes Oberkofler, Erich Lechenauer, Birgit Simon, Andrea Unger, Doris Kandler, Christoph Ebner, Hansjörg Prillinger, Dietrich Kraft, and Michael Breitenbach. "Molecular Characterization of Alternaria Alternata and Cladosporium Herbarum Allergens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 157–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_21.

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Rodríguez, Alicia, Andrea Patriarca, Mar Rodríguez, María Jesús Andrade, and Juan José Córdoba. "Alternaria." In Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 441–54. Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Food microbiology series: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120089-30.

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Liu, Wei, Wenwei Zhang, Na Zheng, Weibo Zhai, and Fangjun Qi. "Study of Cotton Leaf Senescence Induced by Alternaria alternata Infection." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 161–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_15.

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Visconti, A., A. Bottalico, and M. Solfrizzo. "Activity of Alternaria Alternata Metabolites on Tomato Leaves and Geotrichum Candidum." In Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis, 457–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73178-5_59.

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Otani, Hiroshi, Keisuke Kohmoto, Motoichiro Kodama, and Syoyo Nishimura. "Role of Host-Specific Toxins in the Pathogenesis of Alternaria alternata." In Molecular Strategies of Pathogens and Host Plants, 139–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3084-7_12.

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Bräse, Stefan, Franziska Gläser, Carsten S. Kramer, Stephanie Lindner, Anna M. Linsenmeier, Kye-Simeon Masters, Anne C. Meister, Bettina M. Ruff, and Sabilla Zhong. "Alternaria Metabolites." In The Chemistry of Mycotoxins, 127–37. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1312-7_11.

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Brandwagt, Bas, Laurent Mesbah, Pascal Laurent, Frank Takken, Tarcies Kneppers, H. John, J. Nijkamp, and Jacques Hille. "The Interaction of Alternaria Alternata F.Sp. Lycopersici and its AAL-Toxins with Tomato." In Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease, 317–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5218-1_36.

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Pöhn, Christian, Anton Pech, Thomas Bednar, and Wolfgang Streicher. "Heiztechnikenergiebedarf — Alternativ." In Bauphysik — Erweiterung 1, 99–114. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89237-4_8.

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De Vouge, M. W., A. J. Thaker, L. Zhang, I. H. A. Curran, G. Muradia, H. Rode, and H. M. Vijay. "Isolation of a CDNA Clone Encoding a Putative Alternaria alternata Alt a I Subunit." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 205–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alternacia"

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Cunningham, Aubrey, Rhea S. Pereira, and Michael Daines. "Differential Immune Responses To Alternaria Alternata Components." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5390.

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Sasco, Elena. "Variabilitatea patogenității unor agenți fungici ai putregaiului de rădăcină la grâul comun de toamnă." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.08.

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The study established different reactions of the growth characters of the autumn common wheat seedlings to the treatment of seeds of genotypes Moldova 614, Moldova 66 and L Selania / Accent with the culture filtrates of the strains of Alternaria alternata, Drechslera sorokiniana and Fusarium solani. The 3 strains of the F. solani pathogen produced concomitant repression of root and stem in Moldova 614 and Moldova 66, but differentiated in L Selania / Accent, being identified as the most aggressive in this study. The highest sensitivity was recorded by L Selania / Accent in the case of the root under the action of Alternaria alternata strains.
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Nasr Esfahani, Mehdi. "Treatment guidelines for early blight disease of potato Alternaria solani and A. alternata." In VII South-Eastern Europe Syposium on Vegetables & Potatoes. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-045-5.74.

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Zeng, Ai-ping, Yang Liu, Zhi-cheng Zhou, Yong-nian Chen, Ri-sheng Hu, Jian-zhong Long, Xiao-yi Li, and Chun-e. Wu. "Applying effect of three forecasting methods for the occurrence trend of Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler." In 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2011.5975997.

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ZEHRA, ANDLEEB, MANISH KUMAR, MUKESH MEENA, and R. S. "Mannitol and proline accumulation in Lycopersicum esculentum during infection of Alternaria alternata and its toxins." In Fourth International Conference On Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Technology- ASET 2016. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-097-2-26.

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Wedal, Megan R., Mary Sabuda, Jacqueline Mejia, and Cara Santelli. "SMALL FUNGI, BIG (SELENIUM) PROBLEM: TRACKING THE REMOVAL OF ELEVATED SELENATE CONCENTRATIONS BY ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA." In 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-347912.

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Leino, Marina S., Matt Loxham, Stephen T. Holgate, and Davies E. Donna. "Alternaria Alternata Fungal Allergen Extract Disrupts The Barrier In Differentiated Bronchial Epithelial Cells From Asthmatic Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2796.

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Fedoseeva, E., V. Tereshina, O. Danilova, E. Prudnikova, and V. Terekhova. "Effect of peat humic acid on the composition of cytosolic soluble carbohydrates and lipids in Alternaria alternata." In Fifth International Conference of CIS IHSS on Humic Innovative Technologies «Humic substances and living systems». CLUB PRINT ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2019.fedoseeva.070.

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SILVA, MARIA EDUARDA DE LIMA, Geovannya Maria Barbosa Cavalcante de SOUZA, Evandro De Souza QUEIROZ, and Cesar Santos SILVA. "Reutilização do poliestireno expandido como alternativa sustentável." In Reutilização do poliestireno expandido como alternativa sustentável. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/15647.1-1.

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Arthur dos Santos de Oliveira, João, Anderson Emmer, Andressa Domingos Polli, Emanuelle M. B. M. S., and João Alencar Pamphile. "Avaliação da Atividade Antagonística de Fungo Endofítico de Lonchocarpus cultratus (Vell.) Contra os Fitopatógenos Colletotrichum sp. e Alternaria alternata." In Simpósio de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia. Londrina - PR, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/simbbtec-2017-80946.

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Reports on the topic "Alternacia"

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Guerra, Isabel, and Maria de Fátima Ferreiro. Organizações de economia social: Coexistência exemplo ou alternativa. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7749/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2014.10.

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Price, Juan José, and Felipe Mujica. Matchfunding: Una alternativa de financiamiento para las industrias creativas. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001554.

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Arteaga, Gabriela, Jaime García, Jesús Tejada, and Raúl Rodríguez. Estrategia alternativa para la priorización de proyectos de infraestructura. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001987.

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Sáez Baeza, Chiara. Invisibilización de la comunicación alternativa: propuestas de entrada y salida. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-64-2009-833-416-423.

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García Montalvo, Iván Antonio. Los aceites vegetales como alternativa en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Buenos Aires: siicsalud.com, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21840/siic/144163.

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Harms, Nathan, and Judy Shearer. A first examination of the interaction between Alternaria alternantherae and Agasicles hygrophila on Alternanthera philoxeroides. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38087.

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Urrutia-Montoya, Miguel. Una visión alternativa: la política monetaria y cambiaria en la última década. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.207.

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Ramírez de la Piscina Martínez, Txema. País Vasco, laboratorio de comunicación alternativa. Compilación de 30 años de experiencias. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-65-2010-902-310-324.

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K.G. Mon. RIP Input Tables from WAPDEG for LA Design Selection: Enhabced Design Alternatie IV. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894186.

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González, Hernando. El turismo como alternativa de desarrollo para Villavicencio y el departamento del Meta. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/eser.16.

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