To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Alternate food source.
Journal articles on the topic 'Alternate food source'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Alternate food source.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Poshadri, A. "Insects as an Alternate Source for Food to Conventional Food Animals." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5356.
Full text
2
Spennemann, Dirk HR. "The contribution of the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis) to the winter diet of frugivores in novel ecosystems." European Journal of Ecology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract With the increasing expansion in urban areas, many species have adapted to utilising horticulturally used plants as alternate or augmentary food sources, in particular, during winter – when native foods are largely absent. Ornamental palms, particularly Canary Island Date Palms, fruit continuously during most of the year and thus provide a stable food supply. Based on observational, metric and bio-chemical data, this paper examines the role Canary Island Date Palms can and do play in the nutrition of frugivorous animals, in particular, for birds. It demonstrates that with its nearly year-round provisioning of drupes, the palm plays a major role as a ‘staple’ and backup food source for several species.
3
Katam, Ganesh Babu, Veeresh Babu A., Madhu Murthy K., and Ganesh S. Warkhade. "Review on algae for biodiesel fuel production, its characteristics comparison with other and their impact on performance, combustion and emissions of diesel engine." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2016-0012.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to find a new alternate source for biodiesel conversion. The alternate source must be easily available, and it should give more oil yield than available edible, inedible sources. To meet the fuel demand in the transportation sector with edible oil-based biodiesel causes food versus fuel crisis. In addition to this, it increases NOx and CO2 in the environment. Design/methodology/approach The present paper reviews the comparison of algae oil yield, fatty acid composition and its biodiesel properties’ effect on diesel engine characteristics. Findings Algae were the only source to fulfil fuel demand because its oil and biodiesel yield is higher than other sources. Algae can grow by capturing carbon dioxide from the environment, and its fatty acid composition is more suitable to run diesel engines. Originality/value There is an improvement in engine performance–emission tradeoff with algal biodiesel.
4
Larbi, Reuben Tete, D. Yaw Atiglo, Maame B. Peterson, Adriana A. E. Biney, Naa Dodua Dodoo, and F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo. "Household food sources and diarrhoea incidence in poor urban communities, Accra Ghana." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0245466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245466.
Full textAbstract:
Diarrhoeal diseases remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in poor urban communities in the Global South. Studies on food access and safety have however not considered the sources of discrete food categories and their propensity to harbour and transmit diarrhoeal disease pathogens in poor urban settings. We sought to contribute to knowledge on urban food environment and enteric infections by interrogating the sources and categories of common foods and their tendency to transmit diarrhoea in low-income communities in Accra. We modelled the likelihood of diarrhoea transmission through specific food categories sourced from home or out of home after controlling for alternate transmission pathways and barriers. We used structured interviews where households that participated in the study were selected through a multi-stage systematic sampling approach. We utilized data on 506 households from 3 low-income settlements in Accra. These settlements have socio-economic characteristics mimicking typical low-income communities in the Global South. The results showed that the incidence of diarrhoea in a household is explained by type and source of food, source of drinking water, wealth and the presence of children below five years in the household. Rice-based staples which were consumed by 94.5% of respondents in the week preceding the survey had a higher likelihood of transmitting diarrhoeal diseases when consumed out of home than when eaten at home. Sources of hand-served dumpling-type foods categorized as “staple balls” had a nuanced relationship with incidence of diarrhoea. These findings reinforce the need for due diligence in addressing peculiar needs of people in vulnerable conditions of food environment in poor urban settlements in order to reap a co-benefit of reduced incidence of diarrhoea while striving to achieve the global development goal on ending hunger.
5
Munasinghe, Kumudini A., Jurgen G. Schwarz, and Anthony K. Nyame. "Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source." Journal of Food Processing 2014 (August 17, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/298295.
Full textAbstract:
There has been much interest in investigating possible means of making collagen from underutilized chicken by-products and it will lead to an alternate source of collagen for use in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biomedical materials, and the food industry. The objective of this research was to find methods to extract collagen from chicken skins and bones to compare the corresponding yield differences and analyze their properties. Collagen extracted by acetic acid, citric acid, alkali, one-step acetic acid and pepsin, and two-step acetic acid and pepsin extraction procedures was compared. Complete randomized design, Student’s t-test, and Tukey’s test were used to analyze the samples (P<0.05). The recovered dry weights for the skin extractions were 6.1, 6.2, 5, 38.7, and 40.4% and those of bone extractions were 4.4, 4.1, 4.1, 19.1, and 20.6%, respectively. Protein, fat, and inorganic material contents of collagen preparations for skin were 62.7%, 1.5%, and 0.7% and for bone were 30.4%, 1.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. This study indicates that chicken by-products have high potential use as an alternate source of collagen.Corrigendum to “Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source”
6
D'souza, Cassandra, Rosaline Fernandes, Subhash Kudale, and Azza Silotry Naik. "Local indigenous fruit-derived juices as alternate source of acidity regulators." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98, no. 5 (October 23, 2017): 1995–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8684.
Full text
7
Akande, Olamide Abigael, Olusola Samuel Jolayemi, Matthew Olusola Oluwamukomi, Oluwatooyin Faramade Osundahunsi, Oluwole Steve Ijarotimi, Elizabeth Alagbe, and Damilola Ibitoye. "Safety Assessment of Locusta migratoria Powder Enriched Peanut-Based Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF)." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 26, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2022-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Migratory locust has been widely reported as a quality protein source. However, there are food safety problems related with the usage of insects as food. In this study, migratory locust powder (MLP) was used as a protein supply alternative to milk powder (MP) in peanut-based RUTFs. Seven formulations were obtained at different substitution levels (0 – 30%) of MP with MLP. Pesticide residues, aflatoxins, triazine and toxic metals were analysed using a GC-MS system and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Formulation with 30% MLP and without milk have the highest level of organochlorine (3.22 µg/kg), organophosphorus (0.40-4.56µg/kg) amongst others. Aflatoxins of the therapeutic foods increased with increasing levels of MLP. The heavy metals, melamine, and cyanuric acid of the RUTFs were below the standard permissible limits. Migratory locust powder could be used as an alternate protein source in the formulation of peanut based RUTFs without posing health threat.
8
Zier, C. E., R. D. Jones, and M. J. Azain. "Use of pet food-grade poultry by-product meal as an alternate protein source in weanling pig diets." Journal of Animal Science 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 3049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2004.82103049x.
Full text
9
DiGiacomo, K., H. Akit, and B. J. Leury. "Insects: a novel animal-feed protein source for the Australian market." Animal Production Science 59, no. 11 (2019): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19301.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing demands on natural resources to provide food and feed has led to increased global initiatives to improve production sustainability and efficiency. The use of insects as an alternate source of protein for human food and production-animal feed is one such avenue gaining attention. With there being a large variety of insect species endemic to each region, there is likely to be an ideal candidate for each specific production system and region. Insects require less land and water than do terrestrial animals, have high feed-conversion efficiency (FCE) and emit low levels of greenhouse gases (GHG). Insect species currently investigated for mass production include black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworms and crickets. In western societies, it is less likely that wide-scale adoption of insects as a food source will occur, although speciality products with ‘hidden’ insects, such as cricket flour, are commercially available. It is likely to be more achievable for insects to be included into the diets of production and companion animals. While there has been significant investment in research and development of large-scale insect-production systems, such facilities are yet to start producing at a significant scale. The safety and efficacy of insects as a food or feed must be established in conjunction with the development of mass rearing facilities and the optimisation of insect-rearing substrates. Insects also have nutraceutical properties that may have beneficial impacts on animal health and growth, with scope for these properties to be exploited as feed or food additives. The present review will explore the following question: ‘are insects a future livestock industry for Australia?’.
10
Sreenivasa Kumar Reddy, B., and K. Govindarajulu. "Air Cooling in Automobiles Using Vortex Tube Refrigeration System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1408.
Full textAbstract:
Refrigeration plays an important role in developing countries, primarily for the preservation of food, medicine, and for air conditioning. Conventional refrigeration systems are using Freon as refrigerant. As they are the main cause for depletion of ozone layer, extensive research work is going on alternate refrigeration systems. Vortex tube is a non conventional cooling device, having no moving parts which will produce cold air and hot air from the source of compressed air without affecting the environment.
11
Harine, Israt Jahan, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Mahmud Hossain, Hasina Afroz, Rounok Jahan, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Shihab Uddin, et al. "Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Grain as Influenced by Water Management: Human Health Risk Assessment." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091741.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is a staple food for humans and a key source of soil arsenic (As) transfer to the human food chain. As a result, it is critical to develop ways for reducing As accumulation in rice. A pot experiment with seven different water management practices was done to examine the impacts of water management on rice (cv. BRRI dhan28) growth, yield, and As accumulation in rice grain. Any health risk due to As accumulation in rice grain was also determined. The soil used in the experiment was artificially contaminated with As and the source of As was sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4 7H2O). Water management practices affect different plant growth and yield parameters including filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and straw yield of rice. The number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were found to be at their highest in the T7 (alternate wetting and drying) condition, whereas the number of unfilled grains per panicle was at its lowest in the same treatment. The T7 also demonstrated the highest grain yield (21.08 g/pot) and straw yield (22.02 g/pot), whereas the lowest values were noted in T1 (flooding throughout the growth period). The highest As concentration in rice grain (0.52 mg kg−1) was found in T1 and the lowest As concentration in grain (0.27 mg kg−1) was found in T7. Estimation of the human health risk revealed that the non-carcinogenic risks (HQ > 1) and carcinogenic risks (CR > 1.0 × 10−4) were greatly affected by different water regimes. The rice plant grown under alternate wetting and drying condition (T7) showed the lowest health risks compared to other water management practices. Thus, alternate wetting and drying conditions are a good water management strategy for increasing rice output while reducing arsenic buildup in rice grain.
12
Salazar-López, Norma Julieta, Gabriel A. Barco-Mendoza, B. Shain Zuñiga-Martínez, J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila, R. Maribel Robles-Sánchez, Monica A. Villegas Ochoa, and Gustavo A. González-Aguilar. "Single-Cell Protein Production as a Strategy to Reincorporate Food Waste and Agro By-Products Back into the Processing Chain." Bioengineering 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9110623.
Full textAbstract:
Food waste is a serious problem with negative environmental and economic consequences. Unused food (either as waste or by-products and referred to as food residues in the present work) is a source of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds that could be used in an alternate or secondary life cycle to avoid discarding it. The present work reviews the potential use of food residues for the bioengineering of single-cell protein (SCP), addressing aspects of production, nutrition and safety, as well as the main challenges and perspectives. SCP is obtained from various microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, yeasts and algae, in pure or mixed form. SCP generally contains a higher percentage of protein (30–80%) compared to soy (38.6%), fish (17.8%), meat (21.2%) and whole milk (3.28%). SCP is a source of essential amino acids, including methionine, threonine and lysine. The use of food residues as substrates for the production of SCP would reduce production costs (35–75%); however, optimization and industrial scaling are some of the main challenges to its sustainable production. The use food waste and agro by-products from the food industry could be a promising alternative to obtain protein according to a circular production scheme.
13
Katoch, Mittu, and Narender Singh Bhatia. "Linseed and Its Basic Composition." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i6.002.
Full textAbstract:
The archaeological evidence of flax cultivation dates back to >6000 BC and it is considered as one of the oldest and most useful crops. Components of flax have diverse uses. Cultivar development of flax is currently focused on enhancing the oil content and nutritional value to meet the demand of nutraceutical market supply, as an alternate source of fish oil, a rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6). Growing awareness about the role of diet and quest for human wellness has fuelled interest in ‗Functional foods‘ and functional attributes of many traditional foods are being reinvented. Flaxseed is cultivated in many parts of world for fiber, oil as well as for medicinal purposes and also as nutritional product. Flax continues to surge forward in its recognition as a functional food. It is the richest known source of alpha-linolenic acid, the phytoestrogen, lignans, as well as being a good source of soluble fiber. Flax is also very important fibrous bast plant, both for valuable textile fibres and composites applications and for bioactive compounds used in folk medicine, nutraceuticals and functional food. Flax seeds are rich in valuable fatty acids, amino-acids, phytoestrogens, cyclolinopeptides, lecithin, waxes, lignin, pectin, mucilage, etc. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are effective preventing cardiovascular and heart diseases. The flax seed has been shown to possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. In this review, composition, essential fatty acids,omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolienic acid, proteins, vitamins and minerals, lignans, dietary fiber and uses of flaxseed are discussed.
14
Tripathi, Akanksha, and Ritu Thakur Bais. "Comparative evaluation of antioxidant power of hydroacoholic extract of Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis plant." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 6, no. 01 (March 31, 2018): 09–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.6.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant activity in hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinalis. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), NO and Total antioxidant assays. Extracts of both medicinal plant exhibited antioxidant potential but E. officinalis proved more active. The presence of antioxidant activity in the extracts showed that these plants have the potential to be an alternate source of natural antioxidants. In vivo study is needed for successful commercialization and to benefit the food and pharmaceutical industries.
15
Khayyat, Mehdi, Zeinab Arefnezhad, Mohammad Hasan Sayyari Zahan, and Gholamreza Zamani. "The First Report on Alternate Bearing of Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.): Change in Total Carbohydrate and Phenolic Contents." Journal of Horticultural Research 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2018-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) fruit is an important source of anthocyanins and is used for consumption and in medicine. However, fruit production of barberry is not regular. Two experiments in four locations were conducted on this plant to explore if it is alternate bearer and also to investigate carbohydrates and phenolics contents in leaves and shoots during growth season. Evaluation of barberry shrubs in three different location showed strong alternate bearing. The value of leaf number to berry number ratio was small. A correlation was found between tree age and alternate bearing index (ABI), because elder shrubs exhibited more ABI. Total carbohydrates and phenolics contents in vegetative organs showed an increase during the fruit setting stage, except for the carbohydrates in shoots. The highest value of carbohydrates was observed 10 days after leaf appearance and then decrease. ON bearing shrubs showed the highest value of total carbohydrates content in leaves during fruit setting stage, after which it decreased. However, OFF bearing shrubs indicated a reducing trend in this variable. In both bearing statuses (ON and OFF trees), total carbohydrates decreased with season progression. It is concluded that this plant is strongly alternate bearer and this characteristic may be related to carbohydrates and phenolics changes in leaf and shoot organs.
16
Wani, Manzoor A., Pramod K. Tyagi, S. Adil, Nasir A. Mir, and Sajad A. Sheikh. "Effect of feeding rice gluten meal as alternate protein source on carcass traits, haematology, serum biochemical parameters and economics in broiler chicken." Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 22, no. 2 (2022): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-181x.2022.00027.0.
Full text
17
Akter, Bonany, and M. Amdadul Haque. "Utilization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seed’s Flour in Food Processing: A Review." Agriculturists 16, no. 02 (December 22, 2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v16i02.40351.
Full textAbstract:
Although jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds have significant food value, these are underutilized by both human and animals due to lack of information about nutrient contents and its effective use in food formulations. This review article aimed to highlight the information regarding physicochemical properties, nutrient contents and prospective use of jackfruit seeds flour in food formulations. Various research results on preparation of food products like bread, cake and noodles by supplementing jackfruit seeds flour are reported herein. Seeds flour contains high amount of starch, protein, fiber, ash and essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Functional properties – water/oil absorption capacity, solubility, swelling power, bulk density, gelatinization, foaming capacity, emulsification- of seeds flour are summarized. Facts from nutritional, functional and sensory assessments suggest that jackfruit seeds flour can be used in various processed products. It can also be used as an alternate source for starch.
The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 131-142
18
Laosam, Phanthipha, Worawan Panpipat, Gorawit Yusakul, Ling-Zhi Cheong, and Manat Chaijan. "Porcine placenta hydrolysate as an alternate functional food ingredient: In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial assessments." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 25, 2021): e0258445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258445.
Full textAbstract:
The production of bioactive peptides from animal-based raw materials highly depends on enzymatic hydrolysis. Porcine placenta is an underutilized biomass in Thailand’s pig farms, yet it is still a source of proteins and beneficial compounds. Porcine placenta could be used as a protein substrate for the production of enzymatic hydrolysate, which could be employed as a functional food ingredient in the future. The goal of this study was to enzymatically produce porcine placenta hydrolysates (PPH) using three commercial enzymes (Alcalase, Flavouzyme, and papain) and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased as the enzyme load and hydrolysis time increased, but the DH was governed by the enzyme class. The maximum DH was found after using 10% enzyme for 20 min of hydrolysis (36.60%, 31.40%, and 29.81% for Alcalase, Flavouzyme, and papain). Depending on the enzyme type and DH, peptides of various sizes (0.40–323.56 kDa) were detected in all PPH. PPH created with Alcalase had an excellent reducing capacity and metal chelating ability (p < 0.05), whereas PPH made with Flavourzyme and Papain had higher DPPH• and ABTS•+ inhibitory activities (p < 0.05). Papain-derived PPH also had a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with clear zone values of 17.20 mm and 14.00 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). When PPH was transported via a gastrointestinal tract model system, its antioxidative characteristics were altered. PPH’s properties and bioactivities were thus influenced by the enzyme type, enzyme concentration, and hydrolysis time used. Therefore, PPH produced from porcine placenta can be categorized as an antioxidant and antibacterial alternative.
19
Wawrik, Boris, Lee Kerkhof, Jerome Kukor, and Gerben Zylstra. "Effect of Different Carbon Sources on Community Composition of Bacterial Enrichments from Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 6776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.6776-6783.2005.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Soil is a highly heterogeneous matrix, which can contain thousands of different bacterial species per gram. Only a small component of this diversity (maybe <1%) is commonly captured using standard isolation techniques, although indications are that a larger proportion of the soil community is in fact culturable. Better isolation techniques yielding greater bacterial diversity would be of benefit for understanding the metabolic activity and capability of many soil microorganisms. We studied the response of soil bacterial communities to carbon source enrichment in small matrices by means of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. The community composition of replicate enrichments from soil displayed high variability, likely attributable to soil heterogeneity. An analysis of TRFLP data indicated that enrichment on structurally similar carbon sources selected for similar bacterial communities. The same analysis indicated that communities first enriched on glucose or benzoate and subsequently transferred into medium containing an alternate carbon source retained a distinct community signature induced by the carbon source used in the primary enrichment. Enrichment on leucine presented a selective challenge that was able to override the imprint left by primary enrichment on acetate. In a time series experiment community change was most rapid 18 hours after inoculation, corresponding to exponential growth. Community composition did not stabilize even 4 days after secondary enrichment. Four different soil types were enriched on four different carbon sources. TRFLP analysis indicated that in three out of four cases communities enriched on the same carbon source were more similar regardless of which soil type was used. Conversely, the garden soil samples yielded similar enrichment communities regardless of the enrichment carbon source. Our results indicate that in order to maximize the diversity of bacteria recovered from the environment, multiple enrichments should be performed using a chemically diverse set of carbon sources.
20
Alatawi, Fahad J., Jamal S. Basahih, and Muhammad Kamran. "Suitability of date palm pollen as an alternative food source for the predatory mite Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski and Amitai) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) at a low relative humidity." Acarologia 58, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184247.
Full textAbstract:
The nutritional suitability of date palm pollen for the predatory mite Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski and Amitai) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was tested by assessing the development and life table parameters of the predator at two relative humidity levels, 35 and 60 % RH, at 30 °C in the laboratory. C. negevi successfully developed and reproduced when fed on a fresh date palm pollen diet at both humidity levels. However, at 35 % RH, the incubation period and development of immatures were significantly longer, female longevity and fecundity significantly decreased, and all life table parameter values were negatively affected. The results obtained in this study were compared with those of some previously published studies in the same field. The date palm pollen could be a suitable food source for the mass production of C. negevi. Moreover, the successful reproduction and development of C. negevi fed date palm pollen at low RH (35 %) makes it a good alternate food source in the field to conserve the population of the predator under local arid environmental conditions.
21
Parsons, Lawrence R., Bahman Sheikh, Robert Holden, and David W. York. "Reclaimed Water as an Alternative Water Source for Crop Irrigation." HortScience 45, no. 11 (November 2010): 1626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.11.1626.
Full textAbstract:
Reclaimed water has been safely and successfully used for more than 40 years in Florida and California. Reclaimed water in these states is regulated with restrictions more stringent than World Health Organization guidelines. In the United States, Florida is currently the largest producer and California is the second largest producer of reclaimed water. Reclaimed water is more highly tested than other sources of irrigation water, and the safety of this water has been demonstrated in these and other states. Very high application rates of reclaimed water to citrus on well-drained Florida sands increased tree growth and fruit production. Although reclaimed water contains some nutrient elements, there is usually insufficient macronutrient content to meet plant nutritional requirements. Most reclaimed waters do not have high salinity levels although they are slightly more salty than the potable waters from which they originated. With an adequate leaching fraction, salts in reclaimed water can be handled with appropriate irrigation management. Use of reclaimed water has steadily increased in Florida since 1992, but other entities besides agricultural irrigation are now competing for its use. Public acceptance of reclaimed water has also increased, and crops grown with reclaimed water in Florida and California have been marketed without a negative public reaction. Recent issues of food safety have caused some to question reclaimed water, but there is no evidence of food safety problems with its use. Although reclaimed water in Florida was initially promoted as a way to improve surface water quality, it has now become an important alternate source of water to help meet water shortages and urban demand. In California, reclaimed water has become a necessary part of statewide water management.
22
Ross, Mary H. "Control of German Cockroaches with a Hydramethylnon Bait." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.415.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The response of German cockroaches to MaxForce, a 0.05% hydramethylnon bait (Clorox Co.), in the presence of an alternate food source, was evaluated. Also, survivors were saved, mated, and progeny tested to investigate the possible development of either physiological or behavioral resistance. Cockroaches were from 5 field-collected strains from different geographic localities. Ten male and 10 female 6th instars were starved overnight, placed in 5 gal aquaria, and given a choice of dog chow or bait. Tests were run for 48 h. Mortality was recorded during and after the test until 2 d passed with no further death. Bait and dog chow consumption was determined (mg). Bait preference/avoidance was evaluated by dividing bait consumption by total food consumption (bait + dog chow). Six to 8 replicates were done on each strain in each generation.
23
Karthika, Chinnasamy, Govindasamy Sharmila, Chandrasekaran Muthukumaran, and Krishnan Manikandan. "Utilization of whey powder as an alternate carbon source for production of hypocholesterolemic drug by Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1281." Food Science and Biotechnology 22, no. 5 (September 7, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-013-0220-8.
Full text
24
P., Chandrasekaran, and Saminathan Ratnapandian. "Evaluation of Sawdust as a Sustainable Dye Source in Ethiopia." Tekstilec 66 (February 14, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022085.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing eco-consciousness among consumers is creating an expanding niche market for textiles coloured using natural dyes. Natural dyes are derived from different parts of plants, animals (insects and invertebrates) and minerals. Although plant sources are common, a growing global population makes them compete with food crops. Hence, there is a need to investigate alternate avenues for procuring natural dyes. This research examined the feasibility of utilizing extractions of sawdust, a waste product of the wood furniture industry, as a natural colorant. Sawdust is an inevitable waste generated during the conversion of wood into consumer products such as furniture (tables, chairs, etc.), doors and windows. Sawdust, generated in significant amounts by timber mills, may be used in chipboard manufacture. However, the furniture industry disposes of sawdust as fuel or sometimes as communal waste. In this study, segregated sawdust of the most common woods was collected from Ethiopian furniture houses in Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar. Dyeing was attempted on cotton and wool fabrics using individual aqueous extractions. Different shades were obtained only on wool by simultaneous mordanting with mordants, such as copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and potassium dichromate, using the exhaust dyeing method. Acceptable fastness to light, perspiration, rubbing and washing, as evaluated according to the relevant ISO standards, was obtained. It may be concluded that sawdust is a viable secondary source of natural dyes for textile coloration in Ethiopia and elsewhere.
25
DiBella, Marissa, Minu S. Thomas, Hana Alyousef, Courtney Millar, Christopher Blesso, Olga Malysheva, Marie A. Caudill, and Maria Luz Fernandez. "Choline Intake as Supplement or as a Component of Eggs Increases Plasma Choline and Reduces Interleukin-6 without Modifying Plasma Cholesterol in Participants with Metabolic Syndrome." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103120.
Full textAbstract:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, which increase the risk of heart disease. Eggs have numerous nutrients including choline, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins that may protect against these conditions. Egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major contributor of dietary choline in the American diet. However, uncertainty remains regarding eggs due to their high concentration of cholesterol. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two sources of choline, whole eggs (a source of PC) and a choline supplement (choline bitartrate, CB), on plasma lipids, glucose, insulin resistance, and inflammatory biomarkers. We recruited 23 subjects with MetS to participate in this randomized cross-over intervention. After a 2-week washout, with no choline intake, participants were randomly allocated to consume three eggs/day or CB (~400 mg choline/d for both) for 4 weeks. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records indicated higher concentrations of vitamin E and selenium during the egg period (p < 0.01). Interestingly, there were no changes in plasma total, low density lipoprotein (LDL)- or high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose, compared either to baseline or between treatments. In contrast, interleukin-6 was reduced, with both sources of choline compared to baseline, while eggs also had an effect on lowering C-reactive protein, insulin, and insulin resistance compared to baseline. This study demonstrates that in a MetS population, intake of three eggs per day does not increase plasma LDL cholesterol, and has additional benefits on biomarkers of disease compared to a choline supplement, possibly due to the presence of other antioxidants in eggs.
26
Sahoo, U., J. Lalremruata, H. Lalramnghinglova, J. Lalremruata, and C. Lalliankhuma. "Livelihood generation through non-timber forest products by rural poor in and around Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2010-4uv335.
Full textAbstract:
Rural poor around the forests are traditionally depended on forest resources for their food, shelter and obtain income through collection and marketing of NTFPs. A survey was conducted in six villages around Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram during 2005-2006, and found that NTFPs collection was a major activity for the household especially among small and landless farmers in all the surveyed villages. The NTFPs resources particularly bamboos, rattan and certain medicinal plants formed important source of livelihood for the rural folks living in and around or fringes of protected areas. It was observed that part of the NTFPs collected is exchanged for meeting cash requirements of the household but most importantly a major portion is used for consumption purpose. Since farmers grow crops only once in a year as rain-fed due to non-availability of irrigation facility, the exploit diverse NTFPs for additional income. While these products are sources of alternate employment and income generation, promotion for cultivation of NTFPs should be extensively carried out so as to improve rural economy and facilitate better forest management around the Dampa Tiger Reserve.
27
Johnsy Mary F and Komala M. "Olax scandens: The Plant of The Researchers- A Review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4096.
Full textAbstract:
Plants had been a source of food for human beings from the start of the evolution of mankind. Besides food, herbs served us as the source of medicines to treat ailments. Plants had been investigated for the chemical moieties that are potent in treating many diseases. With the development of science and technology, there had been various drugs, synthesized to treat diseases. But the chemicals that were synthesized had serious adverse effects and side effects. So there has been a focus on herbs and medicinal plants in search of the alternatives for synthetic drugs. In this paper, Olax scandens had been reviewed for its Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological profiles which revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents like glycosides, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. Few areas include the Himalayas and sub-Himalayan regions like northern parts of Bihar, Kumaon. The plant also grows widely in Deccan forest and the Western Ghats. The plant is native to countries like India, Srilanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam and Java. Olax is s scandent shrub which grows to 5m height. The leaf is simple, alternate and oblong with the lanceolate surface. The inflorescence is axillary, racemose and panicle. The flowers are white, and the fruits are drupes and ovoid in shape. The plant was proven to exhibit anti-bacterial, laxative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antipyretic activities.
28
Budiyanto, Fitri, Eman A. Alhomaidi, Afrah E. Mohammed, Mohamed A. Ghandourah, Hajer S. Alorfi, Nahed O. Bawakid, and Wailed M. Alarif. "Exploring the Mangrove Fruit: From the Phytochemicals to Functional Food Development and the Current Progress in the Middle East." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050303.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the logarithmic production of existing well-known food materials is unable to keep up with the demand caused by the exponential growth of the human population in terms of the equality of access to food materials. Famous local food materials with treasury properties such as mangrove fruits are an excellent source to be listed as emerging food candidates with ethnomedicinal properties. Thus, this study reviews the nutrition content of several edible mangrove fruits and the innovation to improve the fruit into a highly economic food product. Within the mangrove fruit, the levels of primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, and fat are acceptable for daily intake. The mangrove fruits, seeds, and endophytic fungi are rich in phenolic compounds, limonoids, and their derivatives as the compounds present a multitude of bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant. In the intermediary process, the flour of mangrove fruit stands as a supplementation for the existing flour with antidiabetic or antioxidant properties. The mangrove fruit is successfully transformed into many processed food products. However, limited fruits from species such as Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Avicennia marina are commonly upgraded into traditional food, though many more species demonstrate ethnomedicinal properties. In the Middle East, A. marina is the dominant species, and the study of the phytochemicals and fruit development is limited. Therefore, studies on the development of mangrove fruits to functional for other mangrove species are demanding. The locally accepted mangrove fruit is coveted as an alternate food material to support the sustainable development goal of eliminating world hunger in sustainable ways.
29
Altayyar, Mansour, Jennifer A. Nasser, Dimitra Thomopoulos, and Michael Bruneau. "The Implication of Physiological Ketosis on The Cognitive Brain: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030513.
Full textAbstract:
Optimal cognitive functions are necessary for activities of daily living and self-independence. Cognitive abilities are acquired during early childhood as part of progressive neurodevelopmental milestones; unfortunately, regressive changes can occur as part of physiological aging, or more ominously, pathological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cases of AD and its milder subset, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are rising and would impose a burdensome impact beyond the individual level. Various dietary and nutritional approaches have potential for promising results in managing cognitive deterioration. Glucose is the core source of bioenergy in the body; however, glucose brain metabolism could be affected in aging cells or due to disease development. Ketone bodies are an efficient alternate fuel source that could compensate for the deficient glycolytic metabolism upon their supra-physiologic availability in the blood (ketosis), which, in turn, could promote cognitive benefits and tackle disease progression. In this review, we describe the potential of ketogenic approaches to produce cognitive benefits in healthy individuals, as well as those with MCI and AD. Neurophysiological changes of the cognitive brain in response to ketosis through neuroimaging modalities are also described in this review to provide insight into the ketogenic effect on the brain outside the framework of purely molecular explanations.
30
Wickham, Stephen A., and Romana Wimmer. "Does Mixotrophy in ciliates compensate for poor-quality prey? Experiments with heterotrophic–mixotrophic species pairs." Journal of Plankton Research 41, no. 5 (September 2019): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz052.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Fatty acid and sterol profiles play a large role in determining the food quality of prey in aquatic food webs. Ciliates have limited ability to synthesize essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and sterols, and must obtain these from their food. Many mixotrophic ciliates, however, are in a symbiosis with Chlorella, and this may compensate for prey that is low in PUFA and sterols. Moreover, when PUFA-rich prey are P-limited, mixotrophs may be less dependent than heterotrophs on having the optimal mixture of PUFA-rich and P-rich prey. To test these hypotheses, experiments were conducted using heterotrophic-mixotrophic species pairs and prey mixes with varying proportions of good and poor quality prey. Prey proportions had clear effects on ciliate growth rates, often with a clear threshold. In only one species, however, did mixotrophy appeared to be advantageous, with growth independent of the proportion of PUFA-rich prey. In the other two species pairs, mixotrophy gave at best a small advantage over heterotrophy when there was a large proportion of PUFA-poor prey, independent of whether the PUFA-rich prey was P-limited or P-replete. While PUFA- and sterol-rich prey are important for heterotrophic ciliates, mixotrophy cannot be universally employed as an alternate source of these required nutrients.
31
Anderson, Morgan. "Trends in high arctic muskox (Ovibos moschatus) harvest, 1990-2015." Rangifer 37, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.37.1.4182.
Full textAbstract:
Harvest reporting has been in place for High Arctic muskoxen in Nunavut, Canada, since 1990-91. The communities of Resolute, Grise Fiord, and Arctic Bay harvest muskoxen in the region. Overall, muskox harvest has declined in Resolute and Grise Fiord since the 1990s. The recovery of Peary caribou populations on the Bathurst Island Complex, which provides an alternate preferred source of country food, may be a factor behind Resolute’s decreased muskox harvest. The proportion of harvest for domestic use has also declined relative to sport hunts, which have remained relatively constant since the 1990s. We compared muskox harvest from tag records and reported harvest, i.e., the voluntary surveys to the Nunavut Wildlife Harvest Study for muskoxen. It is clear that voluntarily reported harvest underestimates actual harvest, but not consistently enough to predict the actual harvest. Muskox populations are at historic high levels on Bathurst Island, southern Ellesmere Island, and Devon Island and could support more harvest than is currently taken. Changes to Total Allowable Harvests and management unit boundaries in 2015, combined with a decline in the availability of Baffin Island caribou as country food, may result in increased harvest pressure on muskoxen in the High Arctic.
32
Abdudeen, Asarudheen, Mohamed Y. E. Selim, Manigandan Sekar, and Mahmoud Elgendi. "Jatropha’s Rapid Developments and Future Opportunities as a Renewable Source of Biofuel—A Review." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020828.
Full textAbstract:
Biofuel is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels since it is renewable and biodegradable—it is mainly made from edible and non-edible sources. Globally, the usage of renewable biofuels is expected to rise quickly. The rising production and use of biofuel has prompted an examination of its environmental impact. Biodiesel is a fatty acid methyl ester generated from sustainable lipid feedstock that substitutes petroleum-based diesel fuel. Non-food oils, such as Jatropha, waste cooking oil, and by-products of vegetable oil from refineries provide inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel manufacturing. Due to its increased oil yield, adequate fatty acid content, tolerance to various agro-climatic conditions, and short gestation period, Jatropha may be one of the most promoted oilseed crops worldwide. Furthermore, Jatropha can provide several economic and agronomic advantages because it is a biodegradable, renewable plant. This study examines whether Jatropha can be considered as the most preferable biofuel in the future. The study begins with an overview of current fuels, including their classifications, dynamic changes in consumption, advantages, and cross-examining the limitations to identify the significance of bringing an alternate fuel. Then we elaborate on the outlook of the Jatropha crop, followed by evaluating its availability, opportunity, and advantages over other biofuels. Subsequently, the extraction methods, including the transesterification process and integration methods for improving the efficiency of Jatropha fuel, are also reviewed in the paper. We also assess the current stage of Jatropha cultivation in different countries with its challenges. The review concludes with future perspectives and directions for research.
33
Ambekar, S. A., S. V. Gokhale, and S. S. Lele. "Process Optimization for Foam Mat-Tray Drying of Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa Pulp and Characterization of the Dried Powder." International Journal of Food Engineering 9, no. 4 (November 9, 2013): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2012-0185.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPassion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) is a seasonal, tropical, pulpy fruit, known for a rich source of Vitamin C, antioxidants, and delicate flavor. Presently, freezing technique has been used to preserve the pulp. This article reports alternate method of preservation by foam mat convective air drying of fruit pulp under moderate temperatures. The optimization of process parameters, particularly air temperature, was done with subsequent mathematical modeling of the process and assessment of quality parameters by retention of physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of the fruit powder. Sixty degree Celsius was found to be the optimum temperature, and Henderson and Pabis model showed best fit to the drying characteristics data (R2 = 0.99). Diffusivity characteristics of moisture during drying were also studied. As drying temperature was increased, total color difference and rehydration ratio decreased, whereas non-enzymatic browning index, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity showed increase that was attributed to inhibition of oxidative enzymes and biochemical changes. Dried passion fruit powder showed overall acceptability in terms of organoleptic properties and total antioxidant activity.
34
Mardiana, Ummy. "The Utilization of Lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala L.) Extract as an Alternative Nitrogen Source on The Formation of Nata de Soya Cellulose from Tofu Whey Waste." Biomedika 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31001/biomedika.v14i1.1162.
Full textAbstract:
Nata is not only made from coconut water; it is also possible to produce it from other raw materials. In our study, nata de soya has successfully made using tofu whey as raw material. Research focused is on the utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala L.) leaves as an alternative source of nitrogen in addition to the use of ammonium sulphate and urea which have generally been used in nata production. The selected research method was experimental. First, the Lamtoro leaves were mashed and then inserted into the medium and cooked until it boils. The medium was incubated at room temperature for 12-14 days and the thickness of the cellulose was then measured. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the using of lamtoro leaf extract (Leucaena leucocephala L.) as an alternative source of nitrogen for nata de soya cellulose formation. The optimization of pH and nitrogen contentration have been obyained. Three types of formula have been arranged, i.e. 1⁄2 of the control nitrogen concentration, equivalent, and 2 times of the control nitrogen concentration, to provide the variation concentration. Results found that the optimum pH was 3 and the optimum nitrogen concentration was ½ of the control nitrogen level. Nata de soya has then prepared using optimum condition of pH and nitrogen concentration. The maximum average of nata de soya thickness was 7.6 mm. In addition to leveraging the ability of medicinal plants and reducing the use of chemicals in the food processing, the use of alternate sources of nitrogen may also be adopted in the wider cellulose nata application.
35
Khan, Muhammad Mumtaz, Sajjad Ahmad Siddiqi, Aitazaz A. Farooque, Qumer Iqbal, Shabbir Ahmad Shahid, Muhammad Tahir Akram, Sadik Rahman, Waleed Al-Busaidi, and Imran Khan. "Towards Sustainable Application of Wastewater in Agriculture: A Review on Reusability and Risk Assessment." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061397.
Full textAbstract:
The use of marginal-quality waters, not limited to brackish/saline and treated sewage effluent (TSE), is called reclaimed water. Reclaimed water is a sustainable source in the future for use in agriculture, essentially required to offset the food demand of a rapidly growing population. Moreover, the sustainable recovery of reclaimed water is essential for humanity to satisfy extreme sanitation and water-supply demands. To increase access to water supply, alternate water resources’ use, existing water resources’ degradation, and improved water-use efficiency are imperative. There is a high potential to address these factors by using reclaimed water as an alternative source. The reclaimed water treated at a tertiary level has the potential for use in crop production, especially for forage crops, irrigating urban landscapes, recreational and environmental activities, industry, and aquifer recharge to increase strategic water reserves in water-scarce countries. This way, we can save precious freshwater that can be utilized for other purposes. Eminently, freshwater applications for industrial and agronomic sectors account for 20% and 67%, respectively, depleting freshwater resources. The use of reclaimed water in agriculture can significantly reduce pressure on freshwater. However, if the quality of reclaimed water does not comply with international standards, it may cause serious health risks (diseases) and soil pollution (heavy metals).
36
Tongbram, Purnachandra, and Chandra Upadhyaya. "POTENTIAL SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT IN IRANG RIVER CATCHMENT, MANIPUR, INDIA: A GEO-SPATIAL AND MCDM APPROACH." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i03.020.
Full textAbstract:
India being one of the leading developing country where 80% of its energy or power supply are produced by fossil fuel: coal, oil and solid biomass. Using of fossil fuel-based power led to environmental degradation and to reduce it an alternative power source is required. Amongst the alternate source, Hydropower is the most suitable source for power supply. Hydropower is one of the oldest renewable power sources where it generates power from the flow of water by converting its gravitational flow or potential energy of water source into electricity. Due to roughness and inaccessible of terrain of the study area, the use of conventional method becomes almost impossible. With the help of new innovative methodologies and techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) this study has been carried out. In this study nine geo-spatial inputs are used to find the site suitable for small hydropower (SHP) project. The multi criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques is used to evaluate the input’s weights. After the weight is obtained for each input, it is overlaid according to its weight using overlay tool to obtained the site suitable for SHP project. The outcome of this study allows spotting identification of SHP potential zone
37
Suganya, K., A. Usha Raja Nanthini, Jayaraman Narenkumar, Subramani Abilaji, Aruliah Rajasekar, Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar, S. Prasath, Hesham S. Almoallim, and Tahani Awad Alahmadi. "Impact of Light and Temperature on Growth, Intracellular and Extracellular Pigment, and Lovastatin Yield by Monascus ruber in Synthetic Medium." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (July 5, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2808733.
Full textAbstract:
The development of alternate sources for the production of natural pigments has been targeted to overcome the utilization of artificial coloring, which is dangerous to human health and the environment. Dyes extracted from microbial sources are more important for beneficial food industry use, especially Monascus spp. produces several critical secondary metabolites such as lovastatin, g-amino butyric acids, monascodilone, monascorubramine, monascin, ankaflavin, rubropunctatin, and citrinin. Lovastatin is a fungal polyketide that inhibits the rate-limiting enzymes HMG-CoA reductase, an essential precursor in cholesterol biosynthesis. The light source regulates fungi’ growth, metabolism, and reproduction and is necessary for fungi’ existence and distribution. The impact of different color lights (red, green, blue, yellow, and white, darkness) and different temperatures (27°C and 37°C) on extracellular and intracellular pigment yield, lovastatin production, and biomass of Monascus ruber was studied, and appropriate incubation temperature and time enhance the intracellular, extracellular pigment, and biomass production. However, when exposed to other color lights, fungus growth and pigment yield are significantly reduced in Monascus ruber. Then, fungi and pigment yield development is decreased when exposed to other color lights. It can be concluded that darkness influenced pigment production and biomass yield at both temperatures (27°C and 37°C). Similarly, the production of lovastatin and its concentration were analyzed by HPLC. The highest concentration of lovastatin was obtained at 27°C when exposed to red color light (302.6 mg/ml for extracellular fermentation broth) and (86.7 mg/ml for intracellular fermentation broth). At 37°C, the highest concentration of lovastatin was obtained from (571.5 mg/ml extracellular fermentation broth) when exposed to darkness and (170.4 mg/ml intracellular fermentation broth) exposed to red color light. Thus, the result provides the knowledge to enable us to explore the pigments and lovastatin yield for functional foods and large-scale industrial applications.
38
Hassan, Syeda Mona, Abdul Majeed, Abdul Majeed, and Naureen Naeem. "Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 1, no. 2 (May 5, 2020): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2017.010284.
Full textAbstract:
The flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is one of the most imperative remedies used in indigenous medicine in Pakistan. Syzygium aromaticum is an effective drug for different ailments, and it is used as anti-gas activity, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant activity, anesthetic activity and mucus clearing activity. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol, acetone and nhexane extracts of Syzygium aromaticum against four bacterial (E. coli, B. subtilus, S. aureus and P. multocida strains) and three fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria alternate) were investigated by disc diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of Syzygium aromaticum revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannic acid and cardiac glycosides. The present investigation revealed that methanol extracts had more potent activity (25 mm DIZ) than other extracts. A strong correlation was observed between phytochemicals and tested biological activities. The results of this investigation advocate that clove seed can be explored as a viable source of bioactives for the improvement of chemotherapeutic medicine against cancer in addition to acting as nutraceutical and functional food ingredient.
39
Oslan, Siti Nur Hazwani, Rossita Shapawi, Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar, Wan Norhana Md Noordin, and Nurul Huda. "Characterization of Acid- and Pepsin-Soluble Collagen Extracted from the Skin of Purple-Spotted Bigeye Snapper." Gels 8, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100665.
Full textAbstract:
Fish processing waste is a prospective source of collagen and a cost-effective environmental pollutant. The skin of the purple-spotted bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus) was extracted utilising various acid soluble collagens (ASC) including acetic acid (AAC), lactic acid (LAC), citric acid (CAC) and pepsin soluble collagens (PSC). In this study, PSC (6.65%) had the highest collagen yield, followed by AAC (5.79%), CAC (4.15%), and LAC (3.19%). The maximum temperatures (Tmax) denaturation of AAC, LAC, CAC, and PSC were 31.4, 31.7, 31.5, and 33.2 °C, respectively. UV-VIS absorption spectra showed all extracted collagens had a range of absorbance at 230 nm, due to the presence of glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and triple-helical collagen. Additionally, they exhibited amide A, B, amide I, II, and III peaks. SDS–PAGE identified all extracted collagens as type I. The PSC had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) hydroxyproline content than acidic extraction 66.3 ± 1.03 (mg/g sample). Furthermore, all samples were extremely soluble in acetic conditions at pH 5, and all collagen was soluble in NaCl up to 3% (w/v). Therefore, PSC was the best treatment since it did not impact collagen triple helical and acetic acid yielded the most collagen in ASC extraction. Overall, the analysis revealed that fish skin waste might be used as an alternate source of collagen in diverse applications, particularly in food applications.
40
Joshi, S. K., B. Ballabh, P. S. Negi, and S. K. Dwivedi. "Diversity, Distribution, Use Pattern and Evaluation of Wild Edible Plants of Uttarakhand, India." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.12579.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Wild edible plants are crucial not only for their role as a source of food and nutrition but are also integral part of culture and traditions of the Himalayan societies. Because of availability of diverse altitudinal, topographical and microclimatic conditions, the state of Uttarakhand supports a huge diversity of wild edible plants. Most of the species of wild edible plants in Uttarakhand are primarily consumed as a food by the local communities residing in remote hilly regions. However, several other species are consumed for their medicinal and health promoting benefits. The availability of enormous diversity of wild edible plants in the region has attracted attention of researchers. Consequently, research has been carried out on different aspects of wild edible plants. These include studies on distribution and use pattern, development of propagation protocols and bioprospecting and biochemical evaluation. As a result of this, some of the species are being utilized at commercial scale, and thus are considered capable of providing alternate options of livelihood for marginal communities residing in far flung areas of the state. However, there are several other promising species of wild fruits in the region, which need attention for conducting research on various aspects so that their optimum nutritional and economic potentials could be harnessed in sustainable manner.</p>
41
Oslowski, Daniel M., Jong-Hyun Jung, Dong-Ho Seo, Cheon-Seok Park, and James F. Holden. "Production of Hydrogen from α-1,4- and β-1,4-Linked Saccharides by Marine Hyperthermophilic Archaea." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 10 (March 18, 2011): 3169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01366-10.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTNineteen hyperthermophilic heterotrophs from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, plus the control organismPyrococcus furiosus, were examined for their ability to grow and produce H2on maltose, cellobiose, and peptides and for the presence of the genes encoding proteins that hydrolyze starch and cellulose. All of the strains grew on these disaccharides and peptides and converted maltose and peptides to H2even when elemental sulfur was present as a terminal electron acceptor. Half of the strains had at least one gene for an extracellular starch hydrolase, but onlyP. furiosushad a gene for an extracellular β-1,4-endoglucanase.P. furiosuswas serially adapted for growth on CF11 cellulose and H2production, which is the first reported instance of hyperthermophilic growth on cellulose, with a doubling time of 64 min. Cell-specific H2production rates were 29 fmol, 37 fmol, and 54 fmol of H2produced cell−1doubling−1on α-1,4-linked sugars, β-1,4-linked sugars, and peptides, respectively. The highest total community H2production rate came from growth on starch (2.6 mM H2produced h−1). Hyperthermophilic heterotrophs may serve as an important alternate source of H2for hydrogenotrophic microorganisms in low-H2hydrothermal environments, and some are candidates for H2bioenergy production in bioreactors.
42
Scott, Kathleen M., and Colleen M. Cavanaugh. "CO2 Uptake and Fixation by Endosymbiotic Chemoautotrophs from the Bivalve Solemya velum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 4 (December 8, 2006): 1174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01817-06.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Chemoautotrophic symbioses, in which endosymbiotic bacteria are the major source of organic carbon for the host, are found in marine habitats where sulfide and oxygen coexist. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of pH, alternate sulfur sources, and electron acceptors on carbon fixation and to investigate which form(s) of inorganic carbon is taken up and fixed by the gamma-proteobacterial endosymbionts of the protobranch bivalve Solemya velum. Symbiont-enriched suspensions were generated by homogenization of S. velum gills, followed by velocity centrifugation to pellet the symbiont cells. Carbon fixation was measured by incubating the cells with 14C-labeled dissolved inorganic carbon. When oxygen was present, both sulfide and thiosulfate stimulated carbon fixation; however, elevated levels of either sulfide (>0.5 mM) or oxygen (1 mM) were inhibitory. In the absence of oxygen, nitrate did not enhance carbon fixation rates when sulfide was present. Symbionts fixed carbon most rapidly between pH 7.5 and 8.5. Under optimal pH, sulfide, and oxygen conditions, symbiont carbon fixation rates correlated with the concentrations of extracellular CO2 and not with HCO3 − concentrations. The half-saturation constant for carbon fixation with respect to extracellular dissolved CO2 was 28 � 3 μM, and the average maximal velocity was 50.8 � 7.1 μmol min−1 g of protein−1. The reliance of S. velum symbionts on extracellular CO2 is consistent with their intracellular lifestyle, since HCO3 − utilization would require protein-mediated transport across the bacteriocyte membrane, perisymbiont vacuole membrane, and symbiont outer and inner membranes. The use of CO2 may be a general trait shared with many symbioses with an intracellular chemoautotrophic partner.
43
CARRILLO, CATHERINE D., DANIEL PLANTE, IRÈNE IUGOVAZ, ROBYN KENWELL, GHISLAINE BÉLANGER, FRANCINE BOUCHER, NATHALIE POULIN, and YVON-LOUIS TROTTIER. "Method-Dependent Variability in Determination of Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Canadian Retail Poultry." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-133.
Full textAbstract:
Campylobacter is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Canada, and the illness is commonly associated with poultry consumption. Whereas Canadian retail poultry is often contaminated with campylobacters, studies on the prevalence of this organism are inconsistent due to variability in sampling and microbiological methodology. To determine the current microbiological status of Canadian poultry, and to evaluate two commonly used microbiological methods, 348 raw poultry samples were collected at retail across Canada over a period of 3 years (2007 to 2010) and were analyzed for the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter species. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was found to be 42.8% by a combination of the two testing methods, with 33.9% of the samples positive for C. jejuni, 3.7% of the samples positive for C. coli, and 5.2% of the samples positive for both. Variability in Campylobacter spp. prevalence was observed in samples obtained from different regions across Canada and from poultry with or without skin, but this was not statistically significant. In co-contaminated samples, C. jejuni was preferentially recovered from Preston agar compared with mCCDA and Campy-Cefex agar, with an increase in recovery of C. coli on all selective media after 48 h of enrichment. A subset of 214 of the poultry rinses were analyzed by both Health Canada's standard method, MFLP-46 (enrichment in Park and Sanders broth), and a second method requiring enrichment in Bolton broth. Significantly more positive samples were obtained with the MFLP-46 method (40.6%) than with the alternate method (35.0%). This improved recovery with MFLP-46 may be due to the omission of cycloheximide from this method. These results demonstrate that determination of prevalence of Campylobacter spp. on poultry products may be significantly impacted by the choice of microbiological methods used. Canadian poultry continues to be a source of exposure to Campylobacter spp.
44
Denkenberger, David, and Joshua Pearce. "Micronutrient Availability in Alternative Foods During Agricultural Catastrophes." Agriculture 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8110169.
Full textAbstract:
Several catastrophes could block the sun, including asteroid/comet impact, super volcanic eruption, and nuclear war with the burning of cities (nuclear winter). Previous work has analyzed alternate food supplies (e.g., mushrooms growing on dead trees, bacteria growing on natural gas). This was shown to be technically capable of feeding everyone with macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and lipids) and minerals, although economics and politics remain uncertain. The present work analyzes vitamin availability in such alternative food scenarios. The vitamin content of various alternate foods is compared to the US recommended daily allowance (RDA) as well as the average requirement defined by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and insufficiencies of single food sources are discussed. Single alternate food sources are always deficient in some vitamins, and the problems associated with this are discussed. To prevent disease in an alternative food scenario a wide range of foods must be consumed, or the diet must be supplemented. Backup plans discussed include chemical synthesis of vitamins, plants grown with artificial light and growing bacteria rich in certain vitamins. Finally, insights from this analysis are provided for combating existing micronutritional deficiencies using alternative foods today.
45
Bothiraj K V, Kalaivani P, Murugan K, and Vanitha V. "Phytochemical screening and HPLC- UV method quantiϐication of Flavonoids in Coffee Arabica green seeds." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4395.
Full textAbstract:
The green coffee bean is the most commonly used beverages in India and it is one of the most commercialised food products. They have a rich source of biologically active compounds that are important for human health. The coffee tree or a shrub belongs to the family Rubiaceae. Commercially available, two species of green coffee bean are Coffea Arabica and Coffea canephora. Cancer is the most important cause of death. Apart from cancer, quercetin can also prevent Osteoporosis. The phytochemicals present in the green coffee bean can be used as an alternate therapy for cancer due to its antimitotic activity and free radical scavenging activity. Total antioxidant shows IC50 value 45.81. Kaempferol is a potent antioxidant that can defence against free radicals and cure chronic diseases. Flavonoids are phenolic substances that act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, antiviral and also have vasodilating actions. Green coffee bean shows a high concentration of Flavonoids in hydroethanolic extraction. The aim of this study is used to analyse the presence of Flavonoids in green coffee bean by using High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Flavonoids are potent antioxidant that can bind to a protein. Flavonoids show a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities like anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial activity.
46
Li, Peipei, Songsong Wen, Kunlai Sun, Yuqin Zhao, and Yin Chen. "Structure and Bioactivity Screening of a Low Molecular Weight Ulvan from the Green Alga Ulothrix flacca." Marine Drugs 16, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080281.
Full textAbstract:
A water-soluble low molecular–weight polysaccharide named UP2-1 was isolated and purified from the marine green algae Ulothrix flacca using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Composition and characteristics analyses showed that UP2-1 was a sulfated glucuronorhamnan consisting of rhamnose and glucuronic acid in a ratio of 2:1 with 21% sulfate content and a molecular weight of 5.0 kDa. Structural properties were determined using desulfation and methylation analyses combined with infrared spectrum (IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that UP2-1 was a type of ulvan composed of alternate 4-linked-α-L-rhamnose residues (→4)-α-L-Rha(1→) and 4-linked-β-D-glucouronoc acid residues. The sulfate groups were mainly present in the O-3 position of →4)-α-L-Rha(1→. Most (70%) of the rhamnose was sulfated. UP2-1 also had a small amount of →4)-α-L-Rha(1→ branch at the O-2 position of the →4)-α-L-Rha(1→. UP2-1 exhibited significant anticoagulant and immunomodulating activity in vitro. This study demonstrated that the green algae Ulothrix flacca, which is used as a food and traditional marine herb in China, could also be considered as a source of bioactive ulvan.
47
Smartt, Forrest, Leonard Nurse, and Earl Green. "Assessing the Viability of Arundo donax as a Potential Source of Green Energy for Electricity Cogeneration in Belize." Journal of Caribbean Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy 3, no. 2 (January 2021): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33277/cesare/003.002/04.
Full textAbstract:
Wild Cane (Arundo donax) is a perennial rhizomatous grass that is native to tropical and sub-tropical zones. This C3 crop is known to have significant potential to produce commercial grade bioenergy. Belize has conducted a preliminary compatibility test at the American Sugar Refineries/ Belize Sugar Industries, Belize Co-generation Energy Ltd. (ASR/BSI BELCOGEN) facility which produced satisfactory but inconclusive results. The potential of this species as an energy crop is enhanced by its versatility, adaptability and its robustness to climate variability. Further, the crop’s resistance to environmental stresses and its ability to flourish on marginal spaces means that successful propagation will not lead to competition for productive agricultural lands, and potentially consequential negative effects on Belize’s food security. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the commercial cultivation of Arundo donax as an alternate fuel source for cogeneration at BELCOGEN in Belize, focusing particularly on biomass yield and the identification of climate and other environmental factors required for optimum growth. In this regard, the research examined three sites comprising natural stands of Arundo donax - Middlesex, Sittee River and Monkey River. The species demonstrated good productivity potential, particularly within the Middlesex and Sittee River areas. Biomass yield was estimated at 15.18 t ac-1, 4.76 t ac-1 and 3.45 t ac-1 for Middlesex, Sittee River and Monkey River, respectively. In this study, the main parameters examined were climatic conditions and soil analysis, specifically moisture content, soil type and pH. Different growth patterns were noted at the three sites with the number of stems and extrapolated yield varying from 9.8 t ac-1, 10.45 t ac-1 and 32.02 t ac-1 for Monkey River, Sittee River and Middlesex, respectively. The adaptability of the species to marginal lands, the limited human input needed for its cultivation, and its high biomass yield are factors which make Arundo donax a potentially viable fuel crop.
48
N, Rajeswari, and V. Premala Priyadharshini. "Evaluation of Nutritional and Nutraceutical Content of Polished and Unpolished Barnyard Millet - An Analytical Study." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.3.31.
Full textAbstract:
Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacaea) is an indigenous under utilized millet variety of south India with bounty of health benefits due to the abundance of dietary fiber antioxidant and minerals like iron. This gluten free wonder millet can be a healthy alternate dietary source for diabetic, obesity and CVD patients. Scientific evidence based studies on nutritional quality of this millet both in polished and unpolished form is less. The current study aims at “Evaluation of nutritional and nutraceutical content of polished and unpolished barnyard millet”. Both polished and unpolished barnyard millets were procured from local market, cleaned to remove dirt, dust and stone. The cleaned millets were dried powdered and sieved using 60 mesh sieves (250 Micron). The powdered millet flour was stored in airtight container. Nutritional content of Barnyard millet was analysed for macro, micro nutrients and nutraceutical properties of both polished and unpolished form using standard AOAC method - 20th edition (2016). The analysed nutrient content were compared statistically at 99% and 95 % confidence interval (t-test).The result shows that, the quantum of carbohydrate present in polished barnyard millet was 11.37 % lesser than the milled parboiled rice and 9 % lesser than the brown rice and 12.45 % lesser than the raw milled rice. The total dietary fibre content of unpolished barnyard millet was 14.2 gm and polished barnyard millet was 8.5 gm. Crude fibre content of unpolished barnyard millet was noted as 11.2 gm and the same in polished barnyard millet was 4.5gm. The protein content of unpolished barnyard millet (10.4gm) was found to be superior to polished barnyard millet (6.8gm).The presence of nutraceutical components were more nutritionally superior in unpolished barnyard millet compared to polished one.
49
Kumar, Vineet, Anita Rani, and Lulua Hussain. "Essential amino acids profile of differentially processed soy products and their efficiency in meeting daily requirement." Nutrition & Food Science 46, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2015-0082.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – In the backdrop of declining per capita availability of pulses, soybean is the alternate source to address protein deficiency in India. The study aims to assess the efficiency of soy products available in the market for meeting the daily requirement of essential amino acids (EAAs). Design/methodology/approach – Extruded soy products, namely, soy nuggets, granules, soy flour manufactured from sprouts, spray-dried soy milk variants, ready-to-drink (RTD) soy beverage and silken tofu, were analysed for EAAs by high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, efficiency of these products in terms of meeting the daily requirement of EAAs for an adult weighing 70 kg through a single serving (equivalent to 6 g protein) was also computed. Findings – Leucine was the most concentrated EAA in all the soy products, except in variants of soy milk. Total essential amino acids’ (TEAAs) content in soy flour was significantly higher compared to soy nuggets and granules. Spray-dried plain soymilk exhibited a significantly higher level of TEAAs content compared to flavoured variant and RTD soy beverage. Among all the products, silken tofu exhibited the highest concentration of TEAAs. RTD soy beverage was the most efficient product for meeting the daily requirement of isoleucine and valine, soy flour for aromatic amino acids and silken tofu for lysine and leucine. Originality/value – This work pertains to the determination of EAAs of commercial soy products and assesses their efficiency in terms of meeting the daily requirement of EAAs. This type of technical evaluation of soy products has not been conducted earlier.
50
Sivaprasad, M. S., V. K. Vinod, K. S. Jisna, Prasanth M. Nair, and Neha Parmar. "Egg yolk antibodies (IgY) and its relevance in animal and human health-An updated review." Issue 2 (November - December) 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51128/jfas.2020.a015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Egg yolk represents an alternate source of antibody and provides some advantages over mammalian serum immunoglobulins. The principal immunoglobulin in avian blood is Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) and is transferred to egg yolk and then to their offspring and thus makes it possible for the non-invasive harvesting of antibodies in higher amount from eggs. Moreover, due to the structural differences and phylogenetic variations, IgY is more acceptable than mammalian antibodies for diagnostic purposes, as it does not interfere with mammalian antibodies and shows greater avidity for proteins retained in mammals. As a therapeutic and diagnostic tool, IgY has wide application in animal and human health. The emergence of drug resistance organisms causing respiratory tract infections is a critical problem for the health care system worldwide. Passive immunization is a potential alternative for this. Recent studies on the diagnosis and therapeutic effects of IgY against SARS-CoV-2 indicates the importance of this technique in the present context. This review refers to the use of IgY antibodies from chicken egg yolks against the infection caused by bacteria, viruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and parasites in human beings and in animals in addition to its use in food preservation, anti tumour and anti allergic activities. Keywords: Egg yolk antibodies (IgY); human health; SARS-CoV-2; Egg yolk