Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alternate gas flows

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alternate gas flows'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 June 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternate gas flows"

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Tyagi, Asha, Vineeta Venkateswaran, Ajai Kumar Jain, and Uttam Chandra Verma. "Cost Analysis of Three Techniques of Administering Sevoflurane." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/459432.

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Background. This study aimed to evaluate and compare total cost of sevoflurane and propofol for 1.0 MAC-hour of anaesthesia, employing three anaesthetic techniques.Methods. Adult patients scheduled for surgical procedures under general anaesthesia anticipated to last approximately an hour were randomized into three groups (n=15each), to receive anaesthesia using one of the following techniques: low flow technique involving induction with propofol, followed by sevoflurane delivered using initial fresh gas flows of 6 L/min till MAC reached 1.0 and then reduced to 0.5 L/min; alternate method of l
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Dhanasekaran, C., and G. Mohankumar. "Hydrogen Gas in Diesel Engine Using DEE as Ignition Source." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.150.

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Over the past two decades considerable effort has been taken to develop and introduce new alternate source of energy for the conventional gasoline and diesel. Environmental pollution and uncertainty in cost of petroleum products are the principal driving forces for this movement. The major pollutants from an Diesel engine system are NOx, Smoke, particulate matter, Soot. Several alternative fuels were tried but all of them are carbon based fuels, therefore net carbon based pollutants cannot be reduced. One alternative to carbon-based fuels is hydrogen. Hydrogen a non-carbon fuel only can meet z
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LOMBARDINI, M., D. J. HILL, D. I. PULLIN, and D. I. MEIRON. "Atwood ratio dependence of Richtmyer–Meshkov flows under reshock conditions using large-eddy simulations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 670 (February 1, 2011): 439–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010005367.

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We study the shock-driven turbulent mixing that occurs when a perturbed planar density interface is impacted by a planar shock wave of moderate strength and subsequently reshocked. The present work is a systematic study of the influence of the relative molecular weights of the gases in the form of the initial Atwood ratio A. We investigate the cases A = ± 0.21, ±0.67 and ±0.87 that correspond to the realistic gas combinations air–CO2, air–SF6 and H2–air. A canonical, three-dimensional numerical experiment, using the large-eddy simulation technique with an explicit subgrid model, reproduces the
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Adkins, Bruce D., Zach Mills, James Parks II, et al. "Predicting thermal excursions during in situ oxidative regeneration of packed bed catalytic fast pyrolysis catalyst." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 5 (2021): 888–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1re00007a.

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Modelling quantifies thermal excursions when a conventional packed bed of coked catalyst is oxidatively decarbonized. The model can indicate when alternate designs, such as radial beds with high gas recycle or moving beds, should be considered.
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Daya, Rohil, Christopher J. Keturakis, Dylan Trandal, Ashok Kumar, Saurabh Y. Joshi, and Aleksey Yezerets. "Alternate pathway for standard SCR on Cu-zeolites with gas-phase ammonia." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 6 (2021): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1re00041a.

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Lim, Min Yee, Xinyue Zhang, Jian Huang, et al. "Study of Thermal Behavior of Moxa Floss Using Thermogravimetric and Pyrolysis-GC/MS Analyses." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (February 16, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6298565.

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Moxa floss is a type of biomass used as the main combustion material in moxibustion, a therapy that applies heat from moxa floss combustion to points or body areas for treatment. Safety concerns regarding moxa smoke have been raised in recent years. Since moxa floss is the source material in moxibustion, its thermal behavior and pyrolysis products would be related to the products formed in moxa smoke. This work aims to understand the thermal behavior of moxa floss and investigate the pyrolysis products generated from moxa floss combustion. Six commercial moxa floss samples of 3 storage years a
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Aquino, Andrea, Davide Picchi, and Pietro Poesio. "Modeling the motion of a Taylor bubble in a microchannel through a shear-thinning fluid." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131205006.

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Applications of multiphase flows in microchannels as chemical and biological reactors and cooling systems for microelectronic devices typically present liquid slugs alternated with bubbles of elongated shape, the Taylor bubbles. These occupy almost entirely the cross-section of the channel and present a hemispherical front and a liquid layer, the lubrication film, which separates the gas from the tube wall. The Taylor bubble perturbs the surrounding fluids activating many transport mechanisms in the proximity of the gas-liquid interface; therefore, the bubble motion significantly influences th
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Dinesh Kumar Venkatesan, Vinayak Bhimsen Hemadri, Chinnapandian Marimuthu, and Khathanahalli Mathada Mrityunjayaswamy. "Esterified Papaya Oil and Flamboyant Oil as a Fuel on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 99, no. 1 (2022): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.99.1.90103.

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The future demand, increase in the price and environmental issues of fossil fuels necessitated the search of renewable alternate called biodiesel which reduces the dependence of fossil fuel import from other countries. The present research investigation outlines a detailed vision on the performance parameters and the exhaust characteristics of the methyl esters of papaya oil (POME) and flamboyant oil (FOME) and its blends on water cooled diesel engine comprising single cylinder running at 1500 rpm. The collected seeds are processed and found to contain oil percentage of 37% and 35% and they ar
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Trapeznikova, M. A., A. A. Chechina, and N. G. Churbanova. "Simulation of Vehicular Traffic using Macro- and Microscopic Models." Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies 7, no. 2 (2023): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2587-8999-2023-7-2-60-72.

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To effectively regulate traffic on highways and networks of modern megacities, it is necessary to introduce Intelligent Transport Systems, which include many innovative solutions, in particular, mathematical models for describing the dynamics of traffic flows.The article is devoted to a brief description of the current state in this area in its development — from the simplest macroscopic and microscopic models that have become classic to modern developments.Special attention is paid to the original multilane models developed by the authors of the article within both approaches.The macroscopic
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Prashantha, B. G., D. R. Swamy, Bhimasen Soragaon, and T. S. Nanjundeswaraswamy. "Design Optimization and Analysis of Thermoacoustic Refrigerators." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 28, no. 03 (2020): 2050020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132520500200.

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Thermoacoustic refrigeration, a novel technology, uses eco-friendly gases like helium, air or the mixture of noble gases as working substances in the absence of moving parts. The design, optimization and analysis of thermoacoustic refrigerators using helium and air as oscillating gases are discussed. Pure helium is chosen since it is proven as the best and economical working gas compared to the alternate pure or the mixture of noble gases. Air is chosen since it is abundant in nature and the least cost of the pressurized dry air cylinders. The design optimization strategies discussed in this p
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternate gas flows"

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Kovchar, Jean. "Design, modeling, fabrication and characterization of a micro-device for the study of alternating flow - Application to energy harvesting and conversion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD009.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude d'écoulements alternés au sein de canaux de dimensions milli- et sub-millimétriques. Ces travaux visent à contribuer à l'optimisation d'une machine miniature (dimensions sub-millimétriques) de récupération et de conversion d'énergie basse température (T < 200 °C) basée sur le principe du cycle de Stirling. Ceci s'inscrit dans le contexte de valorisation de la chaleur fatale encore non exploitée dans de nombreux milieux industriels. Dans les machines de type Stirling, les écoulements du fluide de travail sont alternés. Bien que ces écoulements soient assez bien
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Gadiraju, Siddhartha. "Study of Lean Blowout Limits and Effects of Near Blowout Oscillations on Flow Field and Heat Transfer on Gas Turbine Combustor." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82480.

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Modern gas turbine combustors implement lean premixed (LPM) combustion system to reduce the formation of NOx pollutants. LPM technology has advanced to have the ability to produce extremely low level of NOx emissions. The current focus of research on LPM is focused on reducing the NOx emission to much smaller scales, which is mandated because of the stricter regulations and environmental concerns. However, LPM combustors are susceptible to lean blowout (LBO), and other corresponding instabilities as the combustor is operated lean. Therefore, it is essential to understand the LBO limits and dyn
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Lotfollahi, Sohi Mohammad. "Development of a four-phase flow simulator to model hybrid gas/chemical EOR processes." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30530.

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Hybrid gas/chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods are such novel techniques to increase oil production and oil recovery efficiency. Gas flooding using carbon dioxide, nitrogen, flue gas, and enriched natural gas produce more oil from the reservoirs by channeling gas into previously by-passed areas. Surfactant flooding can recover trapped oil by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water phases. Hybrid gas/chemical EOR methods benefit from using both chemical and gas flooding. In hybrid gas/chemical EOR processes, surfactant solution is injected with gas during low-tension-gas
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Books on the topic "Alternate gas flows"

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White, Nick. Evaluation of alternative dispenser meters: Final report. Gas Technology Canada, 1999.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. An alternative to unstructured grids for computing gas dynamic flows around arbitrarily complex two-dimensional bodies. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1992.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Alternative to Unstructured Grids for Computing Gas Dynamic Flows Around Arbitrarily Complex Two-Dimensional Bodies. Independently Published, 2018.

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De Coninck, Joyce. EU’s Human Rights Responsibility Gap. Hart Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509977383.

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Can the EU be held legally responsible for its contributions to human rights harms in its Integrated Border Management policy? Or do systemic legal design flaws in the EU's human rights responsibility regime give rise to a significant responsibility gap? This book delves into these pressing questions, offering a transversal analysis of applicable legal frameworks under international and EU law. Divided into three parts, the book first analyses the international and EU human rights responsibility frameworks, revealing both ‘normative incongruency’ as well as ‘liability incongruency’. Part two a
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Lee, Jan Hau, and Ira M. Cheifetz. Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0006.

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This chapter on respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation provides essential information about how to support children with severe respiratory disorders. The authors discuss multiple modes of respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannula oxygen, noninvasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure, as well as conventional, high-frequency, and alternative modes of invasive ventilation. The section on invasive mechanical ventilation includes key information regarding gas exchange goals, modes of ventilation, patient–ventilator intera
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Schmeink, Lars. Individuality, Choice, and Genetic Manipulation. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781383766.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 deals with the personal consequences of a posthuman subjectivity and the task of identity creation. In liquid modernity, risks and threats are becoming ever more global but remain systemic, while at the same time the solutions to these issues is relegated to the individual. The existence of a noticeable gap between society's insistence on individuality, autonomy, and self-assertion and the systemic risks to this claim, caused by a globalized flow of information, technology and politics, is thus the argument of the analysis of the video game BioShock. Science fiction as a genre here a
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Book chapters on the topic "Alternate gas flows"

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Pope, Kevin, and Greg F. Naterer. "Power Curves and Turbulent Flow Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." In Alternative Energy and Shale Gas Encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119066354.ch9.

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Hurmekoski, Elias, Jyri Seppälä, Antti Kilpeläinen, and Janni Kunttu. "Contribution of Wood-Based Products to Climate Change Mitigation." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_7.

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AbstractForest-based products––often referred to as harvested-wood products (HWPs)––can influence the climate through two separate mechanisms. Firstly, when wood is harvested from forests, the carbon contained in the wood is stored in the HWP for months to decades. If the amount of wood entering the market exceeds the amount of wood being discarded annually, this can lead to a HWP sink impact. Secondly, HWPs typically have a lower fossil carbon footprint than alternative products, so, for example, using wood in construction can lower fossil emissions by reducing the production of cement and st
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Cacpata-Bastidas, Jaime, Xavier Vaca, Diego Cevallos-Yánez, and Isaac Simbaña. "CFD Analysis and Improvement Proposal for the Fume Extraction System in a Welding Workshop." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_37.

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Abstract This research aimed to improve fume extraction in a welding workshop using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The study focused on the central extraction hood of this workshop at an educational institution, where welding practices are regularly conducted. A new hood design was proposed to reduce the concentration of gases in the breathing zone. The gas flow was analyzed through simulations to select the best alternative, enhancing ventilation and ensuring safety in confined welding environments. The new design considered variables such as the angle of the hopper, the suction
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Faleh, Salha, and Tahar Khir. "SOFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant: Exergetic Study." In Rotating Machines [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103002.

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The combined solid oxide fuel cells and gas turbine hybrid system is known to be a promise alternative for power generation with high efficiency. This paper presents the third part of the parametric study of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid system generating 120 MW Net power. The studied parameters are Pressure P, pre-reformed fraction Xr, extraction fraction fs, H2 flow, and air flow. Their effects on the performances of SOFC-GT hybrid system are investigated. The Engineering Equations Solver (EES) simulation is established to analyze the SOFC-GT exergetic and energetic sy
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Bird, G. A. "General Issues Related To Direct Simulations." In Molecular Gas Dynamics And The Direct Simulation Of Gas Flows. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198561958.003.0010.

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Abstract The remaining chapters of this book are concerned with the detailed procedures of the DSMC method, the implementation of these procedures through demonstration programs, and the verification and illustration of the method through the results from these programs. The recommended DSMC procedures have evolved over a considerable period of time and this developmental process will continue. Alternative procedures are available for most aspects of the simulation, and there may be some argument over the best choice for particular applications. The issues that relate directly to the procedure
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Quirk, James J. "A cartesian grid scheme for gas dynamic flows that involve complex geometries." In Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198536963.003.0031.

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Abstract The desire to simulate flows around geometrically complex bodies has led many members of the shock capturing community to abandon schemes which employ body-fitted grids in favour of schemes which employ unstructured meshes. Now such is the success of unstructured grids, there is a danger that they will become de rigueur. Given the ever increasing reliance placed on computational results, such a state of affairs would give cause for some concern. If nothing else, the exercise of using several computer codes to cross check numerical results becomes ill-founded if all codes follow the sa
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Lighton, John R. B. "Flow-through Respirometry: Incurrent Flow Measurement." In Measuring Metabolic Rates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830399.003.0010.

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This chapter describes the setup, plumbing, and equations required for applying a respirometry system wherein the flow rate of the air entering the animal chamber is known. Such systems are usually referred to as push systems, because the air is usually pushed into a sealed respirometer chamber at a known rate, and the concentrations of incurrent and excurrent gases are alternately measured. Setups and equations for oxygen-only, carbon dioxide-only, and combined oxygen and carbon dioxide systems are described. Methods for creating multiple-animal push mode respirometry systems and for the auto
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Ghasem, Nayef Mohamed, Nihmiya Abdul Rahim, and Mohamed Al-Marzouqi. "Carbon Capture From Natural Gas via Polymeric Membranes." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7359-3.ch009.

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Polymeric membrane is a promising energy and an active alternative for conventional CO2 absorption column. The type of absorption liquid and operating parameters plays an efficient role in the ultimate absorption/stripping performance using gas-liquid membrane contactor. The gas flow rate has a significant effect on CO2 absorption performance; by contrast, it has no effect on stripping performance. Further, the CO2 absorption performance in membrane contactor could be enhanced by high liquid flow rates. The gas-liquid contact time was a key factor in enhancing the stripping flux at low tempera
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Lighton, John R. B. "Flow-through Respirometry: Excurrent Flow Measurement." In Measuring Metabolic Rates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830399.003.0011.

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This chapter describes the setup, plumbing, and equations for implementing a respirometry system wherein the flow rate of the air leaving the animal chamber is known. Such systems are usually referred to as pull systems, because the air is usually pulled from a chamber or mask at a known rate, and the concentrations of incurrent and excurrent gases are alternately measured. Such systems are often the only practical way of measuring the metabolic rates of large animals. Setups and equations for oxygen-only, carbon dioxide-only, and combined oxygen and carbon dioxide systems are described. Metho
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Ghasem, Nayef Mohamed, Nihmiya Abdul Rahim, and Mohamed Al-Marzouqi. "Carbon Capture From Natural Gas via Polymeric Membranes." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch266.

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Polymeric membrane is a promising energy effective and an active alternative for conventional CO2 absorption column. The type of absorption liquid and operating parameters plays an efficient role in the ultimate absorption/stripping performance using gas-liquid membrane contactor. The gas flow rate has a significant effect on CO2 absorption performance, by contrast, it has no effect on stripping performance. Further the CO2 absorption performance in membrane contactor could be enhanced by high liquid flow rates. Because the gas–liquid contact time was a key factor to enhance the stripping flux
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Conference papers on the topic "Alternate gas flows"

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Bachalo, W. D., A. Brẽna De La Rosa, and R. C. Rudoff. "Diagnostics Development for Spray Characterization in Complex Turbulent Flows." In ASME 1988 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/88-gt-241.

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The present work reports a detailed investigation of air-liquid interaction in sprays along with particle number density and mass flux measurements in complex turbulent flows such as those present in gas turbines and rocket combustors. Data have been obtained for the characterization of sprays in complex flows which include detailed drop size and drop velocity distributions, size-velocity correlations, mass flux, and particle number density. Key factors affecting the measurement of the sample volume size are discussed in detail since an accurate estimation of it is essential to the particle nu
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Croquer, Sergio, Joaquin Vieiro, Carlos Chacon, and Miguel Asuaje. "CFD Multi-Phase Flow Analysis Across Diverging Manifolds: Application in the Oil-Gas Industry." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36681.

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This investigation assessed detailed characteristics of flow in diverging manifolds, for water and water-oil cases. A 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of a distributing manifold was carried out. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental values. Predicted pressure and velocity contours agree with theory, detailed 3D insight on present secondary flows and localized hydraulic losses was obtained, as well as effect on distribution of phases. Moreover, a 3D, multi-phase (oil-water) CFD model of a diverging manifold design, similar to those installed in separation units wa
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Hwang, Jenn-Jiang. "Heat Transfer-Friction Characteristic Comparison in Rectangular Channel Arrays of Attached, Detached, and Alternate Attached-Detached Ribs on Two Opposite Walls." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-488.

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Experiments are conducted to study the effect of three types of rib-arrays, namely composite, fully-attached, and fully-detached ribs, on friction factors and center-line heat transfer coefficients in rectangular channels. Two opposite walls are roughened by alternate attached and detached in-line rib-arrays for the composite ribs. The Reynolds number (Re) based on channel hydraulic diameter ranges from 12,000 to 70,000; whereas the rib pitch-to-height ratio varies from 10 to 30. The rib-to-channel height ratio (or rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio), and the ratio of the rib clear
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Schlüter, Jörg, Thilo Schönfeld, Thierry Poinsot, Werner Krebs, and Stefan Hoffmann. "Characterization of Confined Swirl Flows Using Large Eddy Simulations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0060.

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Since the flame of high intense low NOx gas turbine combustion systems is stabilized by swirl, the analysis of the swirl flow is very crucial to the design and optimization of such combustion systems. Although a huge amount of publications have been provided on this field just a few have used Large Eddy Simulation due to limits in computer resources. Using Large Eddy Simulation the large vortical structure of the flow is resolved leading to a much better insight of the flow features. Hence, in this paper the Large Eddy Simulation has been applied to investigate the non reacting confined swirli
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Menon, Rajan K. "Three Component Velocity Measurements in the Interblade Region of a Fan." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-207.

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Optimizing aerodynamics and improving blade designs to make efficient power-generating machinery requires a good understanding of the rotor flow field. Swirl, flow instabilities, and high turbulence highlight the need for understanding the three-dimensional nature of the flow. Dynamic interaction between fluid and structural aspects in fluid machinery, impact of unsteady flows or loads, and enhancement of property transport can be studied through simultaneous measurement of three components of velocity. A three color, three component Laser Velocimeter System is used to simultaneously measure t
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Sabla, P. E., and G. G. Kutzko. "Combustion Characteristics of the GE LM2500 Combustor With Hydrogen-Carbon Monoxide-Based Low Btu Fuels." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-179.

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An experimental test program was conducted with the objective of evaluating the combustion performance of fuel gases comprised of mixtures of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. These gases were intended to be representative of alternate fuels that might be produced by air blown coal or biomass gasifiers. The purpose of this test program was to identify if the LM2500 combustion system would burn fuels at heating values (150 Btu/SCF – 250 Btu/SCF) typical of those produced by gasifier processes. Two combustor configurations were tested and two representative gas compositions were evaluated
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Sondermann, Carina N., Rodrigo A. C. Patrício, Aline B. Figueiredo, Renan M. Baptista, Felipe B. F. Rachid, and Gustavo C. R. Bodstein. "Hyperbolicity Analysis of a One-Dimensional Two-Fluid Two-Phase Flow Model for Stratified-Flow Pattern." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51587.

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Two-phase flows in pipelines occur in a variety of processes in the nuclear, petroleum and gas industries. Because of the practical importance of accurately predicting steady and unsteady flows along the line, one-dimensional two-fluid flow models have been extensively employed in numerical simulations. These models are usually written as a system of non-linear hyperbolic partial-differential equations, but some of the available formulations are physically inconsistent due to a loss of the hyperbolicity property. In these cases, the associated eigenvalues become complex numbers and the model l
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Fisher, Mark D., and George A. Davies. "Flow Analysis Helps Correct Underperformance of Combined Cycle Emissions Equipment." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88209.

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Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the exhaust gas flow distribution in the inlet ductwork of a combined cycle power plant has helped improve both emissions performance as well as lowering plant operating costs. The Turlock Irrigation District Almond Power plant had recently installed an upgraded gas turbine (GT), and replaced both CO oxidation and selective catalytic control (SCR) NOx control catalysts in order to withstand the higher exhaust temperatures of the new gas turbine. After the retrofits, both NOx and CO emissions were within Permitted limits, but were above expected values,
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Pucher, G., and W. D. Allan. "Turbine Fuel Ignition and Combustion Facility for Extremely Low Temperature Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53620.

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As the temperature of combustion air and fuels are reduced, the ability to achieve ignition within gas turbine engines becomes increasingly difficult. Several factors share responsibility, related largely to the physical characteristics of fuel emerging from nozzles, whereby an increasing fuel viscosity with temperature reduction results in larger average fuel droplets. The ensuing reduced surface area hinders fuel evaporation within an environment where evaporation is already impeded by low partial pressures due to low ambient temperature conditions and/or depending on the mode of operation,
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Poulsen, Christian V., Mikael Svalgaard, and Ove Poulsen. "Photosensitivity in germania-doped silica films." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cmm5.

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Integrated optics is believed to be the key technology for future integrated optical systems. One standard method for processing planar waveguides is a combination of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for growing glass layers and photolithography/reactive ion etch (RIE) for creating the waveguides2 (Fig. la). We present an investigation of the photosensitivity of germania-doped silica films. The results may lead to an alternate method for creating the guiding structure in planar waveguides that requires much fewer process steps. Instead of using a combination of photolithograph
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Reports on the topic "Alternate gas flows"

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Wallis. L51614 Slug Frequency in Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011058.

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This report responds to A.G.A.s objective of initiating and planning means to create a reliable, mechanistic method of slug frequency prediction. Specific objectives were to: Update the prior review of existing knowledge Identify one or more alternative modelling approaches Recommend additional work if required Examination of empirical correlations for slug frequency shows that they have uncertainties which are large compared with experimental data. A mechanistic approach is sought. Previous mechanistic models have been either incomplete or numerically unstable. Several improvements were made
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Bruce. L52282 State-of-the-Art Assessment of Alternative Casing Repair Methods. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010195.

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Many natural gas storage wells suffer damage during normal storage operations. Storage operators spend upwards of $100 million per year recovering lost deliverability. Damage to casings in gas storage wells is largely the result of localized loss of metal from corrosion; however, other types of damage do occur. Individual corrosion pits can be found either on the inside or outside of the casing wall. Repair methods that are currently used for natural gas storage well casings include patches, plugs, liners, etc. While currently-used repair methods can be a cost-effective means of repairing dama
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Choquette, Gary. PR-000-14216-R02 An Alternative to PID Control for Critical Control Functions. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010405.

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Previous work identified cases where relatively minor changes in air manifold pressure led to engine detonation. This occurred under lean combustion conditions where detonation is believed to be unlikely. This indicates that it is as equally important to have stable engine control functions as it is to have the proper air/fuel setpoint. The objective of this work is to identify alternatives to conventional control techniques that can be employed on reciprocating engines used in the natural gas transpiration industry to enhance air/fuel control stability which in turn should improve combustion
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Malinowski, Owen, Scott Riccardella, and Jason Van Velsor. PR-335-203810-R03 CT Fundamentals with Calibration and Reference Standards for Pipeline Anomaly Detection. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012216.

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X-ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) was initially developed and utilized in the medical industry to image the internal structure of the human body. X-ray imaging was conceived and realized at the turn of the 20th century and subsequently, XRCT, was conceived in the middle of the 20th century and its development continues today. Near the end of the 20th century industrial cone beam XRCT for applications such as dimensional metrology branched off, including its use for identifying and dimensioning flaws. XRCT has been utilized successfully for three-dimensional imaging of flaws in the small panel c
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Regan, Jack, Julie Bryant, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Single-Family Homes. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/slzh7498.

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Prior full-scale research with the fire service was primarily designed to isolate specific tactics, most often either ventilation or suppression, which allowed researchers to develop science-based recommendations related to the specific components of fireground operations studied in relatively controlled conditions. The current project went beyond earlier research by conducting twenty experiments in eight acquired, single-family residential structures and that combined fireground tactics to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. This experimental serie
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Moreda, Fekadu, Benjamin Lord, Mauro Nalesso, Pedro Coli Valdes Daussa, and Juliana Corrales. Hydro-BID: New Functionalities (Reservoir, Sediment and Groundwater Simulation Modules). Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009312.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) provides financial and technicalsupport for infrastructure projects in water and sanitation, irrigation, flood control, transport, and energy, and for development projects in agriculture, urban systems, and natural resources. Many of these projects depend upon water resources and may be affected negatively by climate change and other developments that alter water availability, such as population growth and shifts in land use associated with urbanization, industrial growth, and agricultural practices. Assessing the potential for future changes in water
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Finch, Graeme, and Stuart Harmon. PR-670-183826-R02 Extended Evaluation of LSM - Magnetic Measurements of Corrosion Flaws. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012189.

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Integrity assessment of pipelines is vital to ensure that oil and gas pipes have adequate strength to prevent leaks and ruptures. Regular inspections are conducted to confirm safe operation conditions of pipelines. The industry's principle method for assessing pipelines is in-line inspection (ILI), involving the passing of a device along the inside of a pipe to assess the condition of the pipeline. ILI devices can be fitted with a number of sensors allowing various measurement parameters to be obtained simultaneously. Not all pipelines are suited to ILI for reasons such as small diameter, obst
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Michel, Bob, and Tatiana Falcão. Taxing Profits from International Maritime Shipping in Africa: Past, Present and Future of UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.023.

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International maritime shipping is an essential part of global business. Since the establishment of the current international tax regime in the 1920s, there has been a consensus that profits generated by this business are taxable only in the residence state –the state where the shipowners are located. Source states – the port states where business physically takes place – are generally expected to exempt income from international shipping. This standard is currently reflected in Article 8 of the OECD Model and Article 8 (Alternative A) of the UN Model, and is incorporated in the vast majority
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Videa, Aldo, and Yiyi Wang. Inference of Transit Passenger Counts and Waiting Time Using Wi-Fi Signals. Western Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1715288737.

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Passenger data such as real-time origin-destination (OD) flows and waiting times are central to planning public transportation services and improving visitor experience. This project explored the use of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology to infer transit ridership and waiting time at bus stops. Specifically, this study explored the use of Raspberry Pi computers, which are small and inexpensive sets of hardware, to scan the Wi-Fi networks of passengers’ smartphones. The process was used to infer passenger counts and obtain information on passenger trajectories based on Global Positioning Syste
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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Fangyu Liu, Angeli Jayme, and Imad Al-Qadi. Prediction of Pavement Damage under Truck Platoons Utilizing a Combined Finite Element and Artificial Intelligence Model. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-030.

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For robust pavement design, accurate damage computation is essential, especially for loading scenarios such as truck platoons. Studies have developed a framework to compute pavement distresses as function of lateral position, spacing, and market-penetration level of truck platoons. The established framework uses a robust 3D pavement model, along with the AASHTOWare Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guidelines (MEPDG) transfer functions to compute pavement distresses. However, transfer functions include high variability and lack physical significance. Therefore, as an improvement to effecti
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