Journal articles: 'Alternate immersion corrosion testing'

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Qian, Yuhai, Jingjun Xu, and Meishuan Li. "An accelerated testing method for the evaluation of atmospheric corrosion resistance of weathering steels." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 62, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2013-1319.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a laboratory accelerated periodic immersion wet/dry cyclic corrosion test, reflecting the alternate wet/dry process during the atmospheric exposure of metallic materials, which can be applied to evaluate the atmospheric corrosion resistance (ACR) of weathering steels in a very short period. Design/methodology/approach – This test method uses 0.01 M sodium bisulfite aqueous solution with pH 4.4 as the immersion medium, simulating the notable characteristics of sulfur dioxide pollutant in industrially polluted atmospheres. During the test process, the tested specimens are immersed into the solution for 12 minutes, immediately followed by the subsequent drying process for 48 minutes, and such alternate process consists of a cyclic period, i.e. 1 hour. As a result of this procedure, a relative corrosion rate is defined to determine the ACR. To determine a preferred test period, different test periods including 72 and 200 hours were compared. Findings – Compared with several other commonly used test methods, it was confirmed that the relative ACR of various steels can be determined after testing for only 72 hours. The constituent of the corrosion products, i.e. the rust layer, was consistent with that formed after long-term exposure in a typical outdoor atmospheric environment. Originality/value – The test method enables comparative testing for ranking the ACR of weathering steel during the development of new weathering steels.

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Guérin, Mathilde, Eric Andrieu, Grégory Odemer, Joël Alexis, and Christine Blanc. "Effect of the Microstructure and Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Corrosion Behaviour of the 2050 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.205.

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Alternate immersion-emersion tests were performed for a 2050 aluminium alloy to characterize its corrosion resistance with exposure conditions representative of in service-conditions. Tests were performed for T34 samples and aged samples. After continuous immersion tests, T34 samples exhibited intergranular corrosion while intragranular corrosion was observed for aged samples. The alternate immersion-emersion tests led to a corrosion extension to the subgrain boundaries, for both T34 and aged samples, as shown by electron backscattered diffraction analysis.

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Jones, D. A., R. K. Blitz, and I. Hodjati. "Alternate Immersion Testing of Coated Sheet Steel." CORROSION 42, no. 5 (May 1986): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3584901.

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Lin, Zhen, Guo Zhang Li, Hong Bai Bai, and Chun Hong Lu. "Experimental Investigation on Damping Characteristic of Metal Rubber Material at Simulated Marine Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.110.

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To meet the need of damping material at the marine corrosive environment, the clamped-edge disk type of metal rubber specimen is designed and its corrosion-load alternate experiment is performed, the anti-corrosive and damping characteristic of the material at the marine corrosive environment is researched. The experimental results show that the corrosive rate of 304 stainless steel metal rubber specimen at cycle-immersion corrosion-load alternate environment is the highest and its decay rate of dynamic average rigidity is also the highest, and followed by full-immersion, cycle-salt-spray and full-salt-spray environment. The damping characteristic of metal rubber specimen is relatively stable at the corrosion-load alternate experiment; the metal rubber material has anti-corrosion ability at marine environment.

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Gong, Lihua, Weimin Guo, and Feng Pan. "The corrosion behavior of marine aluminum alloy MIG welded joints in a simulated tropical marine atmosphere." Materials Testing 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0027.

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Abstract The influence of metal inert-gas arc welding (MIG) on the corrosion behavior of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy in a simulated tropical marine atmospheric environment (related to high temperature, high humidity and high salt spray) were examined by dry-wet alternate immersion corrosion tests. The equivalent conversion was used to design the accelerated test time. The results show that in the initial stage, the intermetallic compound, rich in Fe, Si and Cu, had little influence on corrosion resistance in the heat-affected zone. For a corrosion time of 3 days in a tropical marine atmospheric environment, the corrosion rate of the welded joint increased rapidly, even reaching 3.5 times that of the base metal. Though the corrosion products had significant impact on slowing down the corrosion rate, as with the base metal, the corrosion rate of the welded joint was nearly double that of the base metal during the longest cycle period involving alternate immersion corrosion tests for 20 days.

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Nikolov, Nikolay, Veselin Tsonev, Kamen Penkov, Nikola Kuzmanov, and Boris Borisov. "Machine for accelerated cyclic corrosion tests through alternate immersion in salt solution." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 664 (October 29, 2019): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/664/1/012016.

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Tsonev, Veselin, Nikolay Nikolov, Kamen Penkov, and Yordanka Marcheva. "Simulation of steel rod atmospheric corrosion by alternate immersion in salt solution." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1002 (December 4, 2020): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1002/1/012008.

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Cheng, Xuequn, and Xiao Mei Zuo. "Study on electrochemical behavior of 690 alloy with corrosion products in simulated PWR primary water environment." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 6 (November 5, 2018): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-07-2018-1961.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the electrochemical behavior of 690 alloy with corrosion products in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water environment. Design/methodology/approach This paper opted for a laboratory study using simulation of high temperature and high pressure environment immersion testing. The electrochemical behavior was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKP). Moreover, the corrosion products were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Findings The results demonstrated that the particle majority in the 690 alloy corrosion products subsequent to high temperature and high pressure immersion testing were mainly oxides of Fe and Ni, which protected the matrix. As the immersion testing duration increased, the corrosion potential of the 690 alloy apparently increased, and the corrosion current density de'creased, while the corrosion resistance Rf increased gradually along with the density. The SKP demonstrated that the EKP increased by nearly 400 mV from −0.42 to −0.03 V following the immersion testing, indicating that the corrosion product film played an apparent protective role on the substrate. Originality/value This paper provides a theoretical basis for the corrosion behavior and inhibition mechanism of 690 alloy in PWR primary water environment.

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Gao, Zhigang, Yuting He, Sheng Zhang, Tianyu Zhang, and Fei Yang. "Research on Corrosion Damage Evolution of Aluminum Alloy for Aviation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 7184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207184.

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Based on the real annual average value of atmospheric environmental data in the Wanning area of Hainan Province in China by selecting 7075 ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy specimens for aviation, a new corrosion solution was designed and the traditional alternate immersion corrosion method of using the alternate immersion corrosion test box was improved to simulate the environment of the internal structure of the aircraft. On this basis, two kinds of corrosion damage parameters, the depth of corrosion pits and corrosion rate, were quickly and accurately obtained by the three-dimensional profile of the specimen and binarization images’ method. The optimal linear regression equation combination of pitting depth and corrosion rate was established, and the dynamic evolution equation of the depth of corrosion pits and corrosion rate was obtained. The results showed that: The depth of corrosion pits in the early stage of corrosion (8 h and 24 h) obeyed the Gumbel distribution and Weibull distribution, respectively, and the later stage (48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 120 h) conformed to the normal distribution; the depth of corrosion pits’ evolution law was in the form of double straight lines and the corrosion rate evolution law was in the power function form (y = a × xb); and the depth of corrosion pits changed rapidly in the early stage and gradually slowed down in the later stage, while the corrosion rate was just the opposite.

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Tong, Hui, Wen Li Han, Zhong Ping Xu, Yan Jun Zhang, Zhu Lin, and Shi Cheng Wei. "Study on Corrosion Process of Al-Mg Coatings Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.380.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a technology of nondestructive electrochemical testing. In this paper, EIS is applied to study the corrosion processes of Al-Mg coatings. In the initial 24 h of immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution, passive films of Al-Mg coatings dissolve quickly. As time passed, corrosion products increase on surface gradually, which can inhibit corrosion. After 480h of immersion, corrosion products fully cover on Al-Mg coatings’ surface. The EIS of different corrosion processes are fitted by three equivalent circuits corresponding to the three corrosion processes. In the test of open circuit potentials (OCP), OCP is instable in the initial 24 h of immersion. As immersion time goes by, OCP tends to stabilization at about -0.90 V. Measurements of scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirm the conclusions of electrochemical measurements.

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Haidemenopoulos, G. N., N. Hassiotis, G. Papapolymerou, and V. Bontozoglou. "Hydrogen Absorption into Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 During Exfoliation and Alternate Immersion Testing." CORROSION 54, no. 1 (January 1998): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3284830.

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Yin, Zhongwei, Fengjuan Liu, Dongdong Song, Shihuan He, Jun Lin, and Feng Yu. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of a Forged Mg-Al-Zn Alloy with Different Surface Conditions." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4262860.

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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of a forged Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloy with different surface conditions was studied by the four-point bending test and alternate immersion test in NaCl solution. The results showed that the bare Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloy has low susceptivity to SCC, and no abrupt rupture happened after the immersion test for 5 days under an initial stress load of 0.15–0.75σ0.2. With microarc oxidation (MAO) coating, corrosion resistance was enhanced, but more surface cracks were induced, and microcracks could be detected inside corrosive pits when the load was 0.75σ0.2, which is similar to the bare alloy. The composite coating totally avoided both SCC and corrosion. The low susceptivity of the forged AQ80M alloy to SCC should be attributed to the fine grain size and even distribution of secondary phases around the grain boundary.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Some Non-destructive Testing for Al metal in 0.1N of NaCl and NaOH." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2011): 988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.4.988-995.

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In this work the corrosion behavior of Al metal was studied by using non- destructive testing (NDT), which is a noninvasive technique for determining the integrity of a material. The ultrasonic waves was used to measure the corrosion which occur by two corrosive medium (0.1N sodium chloride and 0.1N sodium hydroxide) and study the corrosion by weight-loss method and electrochemical method in addition to performance the microscopic inspection for the samples before and after the immersion in the corrosive medium. Corrosion parameters were interpreted in these media which involve corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current density (icorr). The results indicate that both media was corrosive but the 0.1N NaOH was more corrosive than 0.1N NaCI. Micro hardness test indicates that, the hardness value of the testing metal is decrease in 0.1N NaOH solution more than 0.1N NaCl solution with longest time of immersion.

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Walker, Jemimah, Shaylin Shadanbaz, Nicholas T. Kirkland, Edward Stace, Tim Woodfield, Mark P. Staiger, and George J. Dias. "Magnesium alloys: Predicting in vivo corrosion with in vitro immersion testing." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 100B, no. 4 (February 14, 2012): 1134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.32680.

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Hassiotis, N., G. Petropoulos, C. Hatzopoulos, and N. Vaxevanidis. "Influence of Surface Topography on Corrosion of Stainless Steel AISI 304 Turned Surfaces with Different Cutting Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.399.

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In this study, the correlation between corrosion behaviour and formations, and topographic characteristics of machined surfaces of stainless steel AISI 304 is investigated. Face turning was performed for combinations of cutting conditions, leading to four differing surface patterns owing to regular chip formation, very small chip thickness effect and built-up-edge formation. To simulate industrial and environmental corrosion two corrosion tests were applied i.e. alternate immersion method and exposure to FeCl3 solution. Different corrosion behaviour was revealed through stereoscopic examination of the surfaces with regard to machining conditions and the best global anti-corrosive performance was exhibited by the surfaces generated under regular chip formation.

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Ai, Xiu Lan, Gao Feng Quan, and Jun Yang. "Effect of Ti on Corrosion of Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1457.

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Ti addition to AZ91 alloy was been investigated with conventional casting. The Corrosion resistance of all the different Ti addition content alloy was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution through weight loss measurement in constant immersion conditions and potentiodynamic polarization experiments.The results show that addition of Ti with an amount of 0.1~0.8wt% the corrosion resistant of alloy was improved. In the case of AZ91-0.8Ti alloy had minimum corrosion rate value , AZ91-0.4Ti alloy had minimim corrosion current density. After Ti added into alloy, the morphology of β phases was changed, TiAl3intermetallics appeared. The inhibiting effect of the β phases and TiAl3intermetallics in the AZ91-Ti alloy predominated in the long period immersion testing, but during short interval of electrochemical testing galvanic corrosion effect in the AZ91-Ti alloy predominated.

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Chen, Lin, Huisheng Yang, Yanjing Su, and Lijie Qiao. "Stress corrosion cracking of A517 steel in marine environments." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 68, no. 5 (September 9, 2021): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-07-2021-2505.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop the existence and mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for A517 steel in marine environments. Design/methodology/approach Slow strain rate test (SSRT) and constant load tests were used to investigate the SCC susceptibility of A517 steel. In addition, the additive stresses caused by the corrosion film and hydrogen entering into steel were applied to reveal the fundamental mechanism of the SCC. Findings The SCC susceptibility increased due to anodic dissolution and additive stress caused by the corrosion-produced film under anode polarization. Furthermore, the SCC susceptibility increased with increasing cathodic polarization, which is due to the increased additional stress caused by hydrogen entering into the steel. However, when the cathode polarization further increased, the additional stress remained due to the constant hydrogen content, thus the SCC susceptibility did not vary. Moreover, the SCC susceptibility of A517 steel under an alternate immersion environment (AIE) was lower than that under a full immersion environment and the steel under the AIE with 0.5 W/D had the lowest SCC susceptibility. Originality/value The stress corrosion behaviors of A517 in marine environments under various conditions were systematically analyzed.

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Li, Tao, Hui Ping Ren, Zi Li Jin, Xiang Qian Li, and Meng Qin. "Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Corrosion Behavior of Q345B Steel in CSP." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 3062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.3062.

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The effects of rare earth elements (RE) on corrosion behavior of Q345B steel at marine atmospheric environment in Compact strip production (CSP) technology was studied using alternate immersion test in this paper. The influences of RE on the microstructure, the components of corrosion products, the corrosion dynamic laws as well as the electrochemical properties were also investigated by optical microscope, SEM, XRD, polarization curve and EIS measurements. The results show that the microstructure of Q345B steel in CSP is finer and the corrosion is mitigated due to relatively compact corrosion products with the addition of RE. The corrosion current density of Q345B steel with RE is lower than that of Q345B steel without RE and the corrosion resistance of Q345B in CSP is improved to a certain extent by RE.

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Muñoz-Portero, M. J., J. García-Antón, J. L. Guiñón, and V. Pérez-Herranz. "Corrosion of Copper in Aqueous Lithium Bromide Concentrated Solutions by Immersion Testing." CORROSION 62, no. 11 (November 2006): 1018–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3278229.

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Jegdic, Bore, Ljiljana Zivkovic, Jovan Popic, Jelena Bajat, and Vesna Miskovic-Stankovic. "Electrochemical methods for corrosion testing of Ce-based coating prepared on AA6060 alloy by dip immersion method." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 7 (2013): 997–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121212009j.

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Dip-immersion is simple and cost-effective method for the preparation of Ce-based conversion coatings (CeCCs), a promising alternative to the toxic chromate coatings, on the metal substrates. In this work CeCCs were prepared on Al-alloy AA6060 from aqueous solution of cerium chloride at room temperature. Effect of immersion time and post-treatment in phosphate solution on the microstructure and corrosion properties of the coatings was studied. The longer immersion time, the thicker but nonhomogeneous and cracked CeCCs. The post-treatment contributed to the sealing of cracks, as proven by an increase in corrosion resistance compared with as-deposited coatings. CeCCs prepared at longer deposition time and post-treated showed much better corrosion protection than those prepared at short deposition time. A detailed EIS study was undertaken to follow the evolution of corrosion behaviour of CeCCs with time of exposure to aggressive chloride environment (3.5 % NaCl). For the sake of comparison, the EIS properties of bare AA6060 were also investigated. A linear voltammetry was performed to complete the study. Results confirmed a formation of protective CeCCs on AA6060 surface. However, even CeCCs prepared at longer deposition time and post-treated provided a short term protection in aggressive environment, due to the small thickness.

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Hong, Steven, H. C. Lin, Y. Lee, T. S. Lian, L. Y. Tseng, and K. M. Lin. "The Corrosion Behaviors of Heat-Treated SAE 8620 Steels." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 1190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.1190.

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The corrosion behaviors, including the immersion corrosion, electro-chemical corrosion, stress-corrosion fracture, of heat-treated SAE 8620 steels have been investigated. Experimental results show that the 400°C􀊳 tempered specimen is only susceptible to local attack of pitting corrosion and can exhibit an excellent corrosion resistance during the static immersion and electro-chemical tests in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The tensile strength and elongation of the normalized and 300~500°C tempered specimens will be reduced when tested in NaCl solutions, especially at a higher testing temperature. The normalized specimen can inhibit effectively the crack-growth under constant loading and the 300~500°C tempered specimens have a sequence of crack-growth rate as 300°C > 400°C > 500°C.

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Zhang, Xin, Xia Deng, Kui Zhang, Xing Gang Li, Yang Shi, Yu Long Zhang, Min Peng, and Ling Ying Kong. "Corrosion and Electrochemical Behaviors of As-Cast Mg-8Y and Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr Magnesium Alloys in NaCl Aqueous Solution." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.437.

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The corrosion mechanisms of as-cast Mg-8Y and Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr Mg alloys in 5% NaCl aqueous solution were investigated by electrochemical testing and SEM observation. The electrochemical results indicated that the corrosion resistance of Mg-8Y and Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloys in 5% NaCl aqueous solution gradually deteriorated with increasing of immersion time expect for 2h and 24h immersion. The Cl- anion led to the initiation and development of the corrosion pits. The cathodic reaction was driven by hydrogen evolution reaction. The presence of filiform corrosion also proved a resistant oxide film naturally formed on the surface of Mg-8Y and Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloys. The corrosion resistance of Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr was better than Mg-8Y.

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Li, Jinbo, Ziying Zhu, Hongwei Chen, Shaojie Li, Hongyan Wu, Xiuhua Gao, Linxiu Du, and Liying Song. "Corrosion Behavior of Corrosion-Resistant Spring Steel Used in High Speed Railway." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 8668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188668.

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Corrosion behavior of 60Si2Mn-A and 60Si2Mn-B in simulated industrial atmospheric environment was investigated by alternate immersion corrosion test and electrochemical method. The phase, morphology, characteristics of corrosion products, and the distribution of Cr, Cu, and Ni in the corrosion products of experimental steel were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The results show that the phase of rust layer is Fe3O4 and γ-FeOOH in the early stage and then changes to α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH in the later stage; the size of the rust layer with corrosion resistance of 60Si2Mn is less than 60Si2Mn; the Cr element accumulates in the rust layer of the experimental steel in the early stage of corrosion resistance; and Cu, Ni, and Cr in the corrosion resistance 60Si2Mn are concentrated in the rust layer near the substrate In the later stage of corrosion. As the corrosion cycle is prolonged, the corrosion potential and the resistance of the rust layer of the experimental steel increases, and the corrosion current decreases; in the same corrosion cycle, the corrosion potential and corrosion resistance of 60Si2Mn-B are greater than 60Si2Mn, and the corrosion current is less than 60Si2Mn.

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Marlianto, Eddy. "Efficiency of Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Leaves Tannin Extract as Organic Inhibitor Against Corrosion Rate of Iron Metal in Seawater." Journal of Technomaterials Physics 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v2i1.5268.

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The research is about effect of immersion time and mechanical properties on the rate of corrosion of ferrous metals by the addition of Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) leaf extract as an organic inhibitor in the seawater environment. In this study, ketapang leaf extract was used as a natural inhibitor to inhibit the rate of corrosion of ferrous metals. This inhibitor is used on iron metal plates which are immersed in corrosive media, namely sea water with variations in the composition of the inhibitors used at 0; 10% V; 20% V, and 40% V, with immersion time of 3 and 6 days. The characterizations tested included measurement of density, corrosion rate, inhibitor efficiency, and hardness testing using the Vickers method. From the measurement results, the density value decreases with the addition of the concentration of the inhibitor both on immersion 3 days and 6 days. The value of hardness increases with increasing composition of the inhibitor. The optimum hardness value is 165.03 N/m2 with immersion time of 6 days at an inhibitor concentration of 40% and a minimum hardness value of 145.603 N/m2 on immersion 6 days with no inhibitor. The smallest corrosion rate was obtained by samples with a composition of 40% inhibitor of 2.77 mpy with immersion time of 3 days and 1.33 mpy with immersion time of 6 days. And the efficiency value of Ketapang leaf extract inhibitors reached 47.01 % in the composition of 40% in the seawater environment with immersion time of 6 daysketapang leaves

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Sukarjo, Heribertus, and Adi Surahman. "Pengaruh Korosi terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900" x 4.19 lbs/ft." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v1i1.223.

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<em>Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft which applicated at Snubbing and Oil and Gas industry, exposed to Corrosive fluids such as NH4Cl, KCl and Sea Water. Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft also has mechanical treatment especially Tensile force. That’s why effects of NH4Cl, KCl and Sea Water fluid to Corrosion Rate and Tensile strength Macaroni Tubing P110 1.900″ x 4.19 lbs/ft shall be known. Starting from those issue, Immersion corrosion testing using NH4Cl, KCL and sea wáter instruments is conducted, and Tension testing is performed to the material after exposed to those corrosive fluids. Immersion corrosion testing method is used to analyze corrosion rate and Tension testing is used to analyze the tensile strength. The result shown that the fastest Corrosion rate is material which immersed to 6% NH4Cl with average corrosion rate value 0,210 mm/year. In second position is material which immersed to 3% KCl with average corrosion rate value 0.132 mm/year and the latest is material which immersed to sea water with average corrosion rate value 0.095 mm/year. Meanwhile, tensile strength test shown 676.53 Mpa for Raw Material specimens, 664.19 Mpa for specimens which immersed to 3% KCl, 653.51 Mpa for specimens which immersed to 6% NH4Cl and 669.55 Mpa for specimens which immersed to sea water. From those three specimens which immersed to corrosive fluid shown tensile strength decreased than Raw Material tensile strength and Specimen which immersed to 6% NH4Cl shown the biggest value.</em>

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Zhang, Chun Yan, Yan Long Ma, and Cheng Long Liu. "Study on Corrosion Property of Fluoride Treated Biodegradable AZ31 Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1669.

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In order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys as degradable implant material, fluorine conversion coatings were synthesized on AZ31 magnesium alloy by immersion in hydrofluoric acid (HF) for different time. Potentiodynamic electrochemical technique and hydrogen evolution testing were employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of the coated alloys in Hanks solution. It is indicated that the fluoride conversion coating, which is compact and composed of MgF2, can significantly decrease the degradation rate of Mg alloy AZ31 in Hanks solution. The most improved corrosion protection was achieved by immersion for 10 days. The corrosion current density was 40 times lower than that of the substrate and the hydrogen evolution rate of the coated sample was only one-fiftieth of the substrate.

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Usman, B. J., F. Scenini, and M. Curioni. "Corrosion Testing of Anodized Aerospace Alloys: Comparison Between Immersion and Salt Spray Testing using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 041505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab74e3.

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Gong, Xiaole, Jihua Chen, Hongge Yan, Weijun Xia, Bin Su, Zonglin Yu, and Hui Yin. "Effects of Minor Sr Addition on Biocorrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of As-Cast Mg-4Zn Alloys." CORROSION 76, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3341.

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Microstructure, biocorrosion, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of as-cast Mg-4Zn-xSr alloys (x ≤ 0.4, in mass%) are studied by scanning electron microscopy, immersion testing, slow strain rate tensile testing, etc. A minor Sr addition (≤0.2%) in Mg-4Zn alloy can reduce the average corrosion rate and the corrosion current density in Hank’s solution, resulting from grain refinement, dispersion of the smaller secondary phase particles, and the more-protective corrosion product film. Thus, a minor Sr addition (≤0.2%) can improve both strength and plasticity of the Mg-4Zn alloy without increasing the SCC susceptibility, and the Mg-4Zn-0.1Sr alloy exhibits the best comprehensive properties.

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Santhosh, S., K. Rajkumar, M. Menaka, and B. Venkataraman. "Flaw Quantification in Colmonoy Overlays Using Immersion Ultrasonic Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.912.

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Corrosion, wear and galling resistance under high temperature service conditions are highly essential in nuclear components such as grid plate and diverse safety rod drive mechanism. In order to protect the components from these worst service conditions, hard facing alloys like colmonoy are overlaid on the nuclear components using plasma transfer arc and Gas Tungsten Arc Deposition techniques. Typical defects that occurred during deposition include lack of bonding between substrate and overlay, cracks and porosities. Hence the characterization of such defects is highly essential before using it for the intended application. Conventionally radiography, liquid penetrant testing and ultrasonic testing are used. Radiography cannot detect debonds which are parallel to the surface of the specimen. Though liquid penetrant testing is used for detecting surface cracks, ultrasonic testing could be effectively used in order to characterize highly planar defects which are parallel to the surface. This paper highlights the successful application of immersion ultrasonic testing for characterization of colmonoy overlays. The sample consisted of Colmonoy coating (4-5 mm) on a 316 LN substrate. Ultrasonic examination was carried out using the Immersion Ultrasonic flaw detector. Typical A scans of good region and debonded regions were considered and compared in order to predict the actual location of the defect. In addition B and C scans were also considered for exact characterisation of the defects. Results clearly indicated the superior defect detectability by the use of immersion ultrasonic testing on colmonoy overlays.

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Kusumadewi, An-Nissa, Lisda Damayanti, Rukiah, and Risdiana. "The Effect of Acid Solution on Dental Magnetic Attachment." Materials Science Forum 1028 (April 2021): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.383.

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Dental magnetic attachments used as a retainer for overdentures are encapsulated with a corrosion resistant casing to prevent corrosion of magnets. However, some studies reported that the casing still has a risk of corrosion. This study aims to determine the effect of acid solutions on magnetic attractive force, dissolving metal ions and corrosion of magnetic attachment surfaces. The dental magnetic attachment material used is Magfit DX 600 (Aichi, Japan). It consists of assembly and keeper. The assembly and keeper immersed in acid solutions with a pH of 3.8 and 5.8 for 7 and 14 days. After immersion, the assembly and keeper were analyzed using SEM, universal testing machine, and the atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the surface corrosion, the magnetic attractive force, and dissolved metal ions, respectively. It is found that all assemblies showed signs of corrosion and reduction of magnetic attractive force after immersed in acid solutions with a pH of 3.8 and 5.8 for 7 and 14 days. A greater decrease in magnetic attraction was obtained at 14 days immersion in an acid solution with a pH of 3.8. Fe ion dissolution in the assembly and keeper was found to increase at 14 days of immersion. The lower the pH of the acid solution and the longer the immersion time, the signs of corrosion on the surface of dental magnetic attachment are clearly observed. The magnetic attraction force also decreased with decreasing the value of pH as well as the increase of the content of Fe ion in immersed solution.

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Carrick, David M., Simon C. Hogg, and Geoffrey D. Wilcox. "Influence of Li Additions on the Microstructure and Corrosion Response of 2XXX Series Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.193.

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This paper discusses two Al-Cu alloys for aerospace applications, one of which has an addition of between 1.6 and 2.0 wt.% of Li. The alloys are AA2024-T3 (Al-Cu) and AA2099-T8E77 (Al-Cu-Li). Microstructural analysis via Field Emission Gun Transmission Electron Microscope (FEGTEM) and Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (FEGSEM) utilising Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron Backscatter Detector (EBSD) techniques have been used to characterise the two microstructures and phases contained within them. Anodic polarisation and immersion testing in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution have been carried out and a comparison of the corrosion mechanisms has been made. AA2024-T3 had a fine, equiaxed grain structure, whereas AA2099-T8E77 had a substantial amount of recrystallized grains. Finer grains were also observed on AA2099-T8E77, however, the vast majority were larger than the maximum detection limit of the EBSD technique. Intergranular and pitting corrosion were observed on both alloys following immersion testing, however, the intergranular corrosion (IGC) was more prominent on AA2099-T8E77. Anodic polarisation indicated that AA2024-T3 was more noble, highlighting that the Li-containing AA2099-T8E77 alloy was more susceptible to corrosion. The T1(Al2CuLi) phase within AA2099-T8E77 was seen to be highly active following immersion and anodic polarisation tests. The corrosion pits on AA2099-T8E77 were seen to propagate to a depth of ~ 80 to 100 μm, with a maximum of 126 μm recorded. For AA2024-T3 the maximum depth recorded was 77 μm and the average depth was between 60 and 70 μm.

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Rajput, Abhishek, Jae Hyeong Park, Sung Hwan Noh, and Jeom Kee Paik. "Fresh and sea water immersion corrosion testing on marine structural steel at low temperature." Ships and Offshore Structures 15, no. 6 (September 17, 2019): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2019.1664128.

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Wang, Ju, and Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of Mg-RE Alloy Sheets and Formation of Amorphous/Crystalline Composites by Twin Roll Casting for Biomedical Implant Application." Metals 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101075.

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A new type of Mg-based metallic glass has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent corrosion resistance and favorable biocompatibility. In this study, an amorphous/crystalline composite Mg-RE alloy sheet was prepared by a vertical type twin roll caster (VTRC) method, and its microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); furthermore, the corrosion behaviors of the Mg-RE alloy sheet were investigated in PBS solution using electrochemical techniques and immersion testing in a simulated physiological condition. Furthermore, it was implanted into the femur of rats to explore its prospect as biological transplantation material. Its microscopic characterization experiments show that the crystal structure is crystalline phase containing amorphous phase. Electrochemical experiments and immersion testing both showed that Mg-RE(La,Ce) sheet with VTRC has a better corrosion resistance than master alloy, and a uniform corrosion layer on the surface. In vivo, as an implant material, tests show that Mg-RE alloy sheets have better biocompatibility and induce new bone formation, and they can be expected to be utilized as implant materials in the future.

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Fuchs-Godec, Regina. "A Synergistic Effect between Stearic Acid and (+)-α-Tocopherol as a Green Inhibitor on Ferritic Stainless Steel Corrosion Inhibition in 3.0% NaCl Solution." Coatings 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080971.

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The synergistic inhibitory effect of stearic acid and (+)-α-tocopherol (E307) as a green inhibitor within a highly hydrophobic layer on the corrosion of low-carbon ferritic stainless steels was investigated in 3.0 wt% NaCl solution at 25 °C, focusing on long-term immersion tests. For a broader characterisation of the surface properties, especially the modified surfaces, of the samples used, the following methods were chosen: SEM was used to investigate the surface morphologies, the water contact angle to examine the wettability, while the corrosion resistance was investigated by potentiodynamic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The inhibition efficiency for modified ferritic stainless steel surfaces reached more than 99% after 1 h of immersion and remained the same after 5 days immersion testing when the surfaces were modified with (SA + 2.0 wt% E307) and more than 97% with (SA + 0.5 wt% E307) under the same test conditions.

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Shanmugam, S., T. S. N. Sankara Narayanan, P. Mohan Sathyaraj, K. Ravichandran, and Min Ho Lee. "Spectrophotometric analysis to monitor the corrosion behaviour of magnesium during immersion corrosion testing: A suitable alternative to pH measurement?" Corrosion Science 89 (December 2014): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.09.002.

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Chen, Bing, Xiao Li, and Yu Guang Fan. "Performance Evaluation of SHY-99 Coating for Carbon Steel Water-Cooler." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1886.

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Special SHY-99 anti-corrosion coatings are used for newly developed heat exchange equipment, to resist corrosion and leakage problem of carbon steel water-cooler. The anti-corrosion properties of coatings were examined with routine test methods, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), electro kinetic potential polarization curve method and immersion testing method. The results show that physical properties of coatings are in accordance with national standards, the microstructures of coatings are uniform and tight, the coatings are combined tightly with base metal, and the coatings show excellent corrosion resistance in water of water cooling system.

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Tang, Fu Jian, Gen Da Chen, Jeffery S. Volz, Richard K. Brow, and Michael Koenigstein. "Corrosion Behavior of Enamel Coated Steel Rebar by EIS." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.445.

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In this study, the corrosion process of enamel-coated deformed rebar completely immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was evaluated over a period of 84 days by EIS testing. Three types of enamel coating were investigated: pure enamel, 50/50 enamel coating, and double enamel. Surface condition of the enamel coatings that were intentionally damaged prior to corrosion tests was visually examined at different immersion times. After 84 days of testing, the damaged coating areas were characterized by SEM, and the corrosion products on and adjacent to the damaged areas were collected and analyzed by XRD. Corrosion initiated at the damaged locations with no undercutting of the coating observed. The 50/50 enamel coating had the least corrosion resistance, due to its interconnected pore structure, and prior damage drastically reduced the corrosion resistance of pure and double enamel coated rebar.

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Lin, Ci, Surender Maddela, William G. Fahrenholtz, and Matthew J. O'Keefe. "Deposition of Cerium-Based Conversion Coatings on Aluminum Alloy 380." International Journal of Corrosion 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/760284.

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Cerium-based conversion coatings were deposited on as-cast aluminum alloy 380 substrates by a spontaneous immersion process. In this study, the effects of rinsing temperature prior to immersion in the coating deposition solution were studied with respect to the surface morphology, electrochemical response, and corrosion resistance of the coatings. Panels rinsed at25°Cprior to coating had large cracks and holes in the coating. In contrast, panels rinsed at100°Cprior to coating had a uniform coating morphology with fewer, smaller cracks. Electrochemical testing revealed that coatings deposited on substrates rinsed at100°Chad higher impedance (~80 kΩ·cm2) and lower corrosion current (~0.34 μA/cm2) compared to coatings deposited on substrates rinsed at25°C, which had 10 kΩ·cm2impedance and 2.7 μA/cm2corrosion current. Finally, ASTM B117 salt spray testing showed that rinsing at100°Cprior to coating resulted in cerium-based conversion coatings that could resist the formation of salt tails for at least 8 days.

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Guo, Yu, Shouren Wang, Wentao Liu, Teng Xiao, Guodong Zhu, and Zhaolei Sun. "The Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Corrosion Behavior of Biocompatible Magnesium Alloy ZK60." Metals 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111237.

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The influences of different laser power density in LSP (laser shock peening) on the corrosion performance of biocompatible magnesium alloy ZK60 were researched via SBF (Simulated Body Fliud) immersion testing and electrochemical testing. Corrosion morphology and corrosion products were observed and analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) outfitted with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction). Simultaneously, 3D morphology, surface roughness, residual stress, and microstructure were also characterized. Results reveal that the modified samples can obtain higher residual compressive stress, which can lead to lower degradation rates in SBF solution. In terms of the weight loss of the samples, corrosion resistance increased by 52.1% maximally. The corrosion potential of modified samples in the SBF solution positively shifted from −1.3884 V to −1.1094 V and the corrosion current density decreased by 13.2% at most. The anti-corrosion ability of ZK60 is significantly enhanced by the LSP process.

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40

Le Hien, Nguyen Thi. "CRACKING CORROSION OF LOW CARBON STEEL IN ENVIRONMENT WITH A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF CO2 AND H2S." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 5B (March 24, 2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/5b/12228.

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Cracking corrosion of API 5CT Grade L80 Type 1 low carbon steel has been studied in a in brine solutions with H2S 12.3 psia and CO2 9.4 psia. Testing was performed according to the methodology reference from the NACE TM0177, Bent-beam test method in solution B for stress corrosion cracking and sulfide stress corrosion cracking test and NACE TM0284, immersion test method in solution A for Hydrogen induced cracking test.The obtained results showed pitting and general corrosion at both temperatures of 24 oC and 82 oC. In case of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) testing at 82 °C, microscopy of the samples tested for 30 days developed pitting corrosion in the surface and cracking starting in the surface of the samples. The cracks, mostly found in the middle of the samples where the maximum bending occurred. General corrosion was also observed in the samples, with significant decrease in the dimensions of the samples after testing (due to general corrosion). However, in case of sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) tests at room temperature (24-25 oC), no cracking was observed on the sample.

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Peng, Wangjun, Guangxin Wu, Rui Lu, Quanyong Lian, and Jieyu Zhang. "The Evaluation on Corrosion Resistance and Dross Formation of Zn–23 wt% Al–0.3 wt% Si–x wt% Mg Alloy." Coatings 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030199.

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: A comparative study of the corrosive resistance and dross formation of 55Al–Zn–1.6Si (wt%) (55AZS) and 23Al–Zn–0.3Si–xMg (wt%) (23AZS–xMg, x = 0, 1.5, 3) alloys are performed using immersion corrosion and dross formation test, respectively. The result of immersion corrosion testing shows that corrosive rate of the 23AZS alloy is lower than that of 55AZS alloy in the latter stage of immersion and 23AZS–1.5Mg alloy shows the optimal corrosive resistance compared to other alloys relatively. The result of dross formation test shows that the number of bottom dross particle formed in 23AZS–xMg (x = 0, 1.5, 3) alloy is less than that in 55AZS alloy. Moreover, the thermodynamic calculation is performed to reveal the solubility of Fe in the alloys, the result shows the solubility of Fe reduces as a decrease of Al content in the alloy, and the number of dross particle (Fe4Al13 and 6 (Al9Fe2Si2) phase) generated in 23AZS alloy is more than that in 55AZS alloy. In general, 23AZS–1.5Mg alloy has an advantage of less dross and a certain corrosion resistance and it is expected to be applied for the hot stamping process of coating.

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Nakahara, M., and T. Shoji. "Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys by Slow Strain Rate and Immersion Testing." CORROSION 52, no. 8 (August 1996): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3292154.

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Ismail, Azzura, and Anis Nazihah Mat Nawi. "Banana Trunk as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Subsea Applications." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.227.

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Corrosion is a serious problem in every industry and can cause losses in production leading to large financial losses. International legisation body has drawn offshore chemical into several categoris based on biodegradation, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Otherwise, the inhibitor is not accept to be used as they are harmful to environment. Therefore, most industries are looking for green inhibitor for An electrochemical test has been carried out to determine the corrosion rate of carbon steel. This research aimed to investigate the potential corrosion of carbon steel in seven different immersion periods ( 1 day, 2 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days , 28 days, 35 days) using seawater 3.5 % NaCl. The pH values were set in neutral in static condition. The materials were run for tafel polarization with a scan rate of 0.5mV/sec. Each sample will be tested when achieve a predetermined time. This experiment was carried out to compare the corrosion rate of 3.5% NaCl and with NaCl added 25% inhibitor. Inhibitors used were from banana trunk. The experiments were carried out at four different temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 20°C and 30°C). Before and after testing, the microstructures of each sample were observed by using Optical Microscope (OM). The results show the highest corrosion rate occurring in the shortest period of immersion for 1 day. However, the corrosion rate decreases when the longer period of immersion. The corrosion rate for 3.5% NaCl will increase with added 25% inhibitor and decrease for 3.5% NaCl when temperature decreases.

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Chang, Huey-Ling, Chih-Ming Chen, and Chun-Ying Lee. "The influences of corrosion on the tightening and anti-loosening properties of a flank-locking precision locknut." Journal of Mechanics 37 (2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufaa014.

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ABSTRACT Locknut is a critical component used in the precision machinery and its stable service performance over a long period of time in a variety of different environments presents a crucial challenge. In this study, a flank-locking precision locknut was pretreated in an immersion corrosion of 5 wt% NaCl solution to simulate the possible corrosion effects. The tightening and loosening of the locknut after 0-, 1-, 2- and 4-h corrosion treatments, respectively, was tested according to the ISO 2320 Standard. An in-house test setup with horizontal configuration was employed in measuring the torque–axial force characteristics under loading–unloading cycles. It was found that the corrosion of the locknut accelerated after 1-h immersion. The corroded specimens after 2- and 4-h treatment demonstrated more variance in measured tightening and loosening torques than their less corroded counterparts. However, after five loading–unloading cycles, the variance in measured torque decreased and the associated torque constants became more stable. Moreover, the torque constants were ∼10% higher for the 2- and 4-h corrosion-treated locknuts than their pristine counterpart. The surface morphology after corrosion and friction wear was closely related to the measured testing results.

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Jiang, Cheng, Ying Yang, Xuequn Cheng, Jinbin Zhao, and Xiaogang Li. "Effect of Sn on the corrosion behavior of weathering steel in a simulated tropical marine atmosphere." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 67, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2019-2178.

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Purpose This study aims to study the effect of Sn on the corrosion behavior of weathering steel (WS) in a simulated tropical marine atmosphere. Design/methodology/approach Indoor alternate immersion tests, electrochemical measurements and real-time current-monitoring technology based on the galvanic corrosion principle were used and the scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron probe microanalyzer were used to analyze the morphology and component of the rust layer. Findings The results indicated that Sn has a positive influence on the corrosion process. Sn participated in the composition of the rust layer in the form of SnO2 and is enriched in the inner rust layer. SnO2 participated in the coprecipitation process with iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, which promoted further transformation of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH. As a result, the rust layer of Sn-containing steel was continuous, compact and effectively blocked the invasion of aggressive Cl−. Therefore, the additive of Sn enhanced the corrosion resistance of WS in a simulated tropical marine atmosphere. Originality/value The corrosion behaviors of WS were researched by the real-time current-monitoring technology which was rarely used.

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Karuna Ratnakaran, Athul, Amirthalingam Srinivasan, Uma Thanu Subramonia Pillai, and Bellampettu Chandrasekhar Pai. "A Comparative Study on Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Zn-Gd Alloys by Varying the Gd Content." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.631.

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In this study, two Mg-Zn-Gd alloys (Mg-5Zn-5Gd and Mg-5Zn-3Gd) are fabricated using high purity raw materials and by a clean melting process and subjected to immersion testing. The results indicate an increase in corrosion rate for increase in Gd content and the results are correlated using SEM, XRD and EDS analyses. It is seen that RE addition provides a protective oxide coating over the sample surface thereby assisting the corrosion resistance.

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Jasim, Haider Hadi. "Evaluation the Effect of Vibration on the Corrosion Rate of Automotive Paints." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 4 (March 31, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.04.03.

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This paper studies the influence of temperature on the corrosion rate of coated AA6111 aluminum alloy used in vehicle bodies under static and vibration states. The vibration test system was collected laboratory and used for testing of five different types of paints (EASI, Numix, Lesonal, DENSO and Polaron paints) in the 5 % NaCl solution using immersion test method. Lesonal paint provided the best corrosion protection, while DENSO paints show large values of corrosion rate, other coatings exhibit moderate values. Model of paints corrosion was developed to characterize the corrosion processes occur at the surfaces. It is found that corrosion rate obtained at vibration cases is larger than static cases and vibration effect on the coating protection rate.

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Lin, Ji Xing, Li Yuan Niu, and Guang Liang Gao. "Study on the Technology of the Environment-Friendly Conversion Coating Containing Phytic Acid for Magnesium Surface." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.905.

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An anticorrosion conversion coating on metal magnesium surface was prepared using immersion method in an aqueous solution containing mainly phytic acid. The coating after the preparation could be dry in the air without a rinse process using water in the final stage. Hence there is no discharge of waste water and waste gas in the whole process. Influence of several factors on the anticorrosion performance of coating was tested. And optimal parameters in the coating formation process were obtained from orthogonal test. The results indicated that the coating had better corrosion resistance, when the solution contained 3% phytic acid, and the immersion time is 7 minutes and the PH value was 3.5. The surface conversion coating was characterized by SEM and EDS. The conversion coating is better than the traditional chromate passive film by testing corrosion speed of coatings using hydrogen evolution method. The technology of the environment-friendly conversion coating containing phytic acid has the potential to be a new anti-corrosion technology for magnesium surface.

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Furko, Monika, and Csaba Balázsi. "Morphological, Chemical, and Biological Investigation of Ionic Substituted, Pulse Current Deposited Calcium Phosphate Coatings." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 4690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204690.

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Ionic substituted calcium phosphate coatings (iCP) have been prepared by the electrochemical pulse current deposition technique with an alternate pulse on and off time of 5 ms onto a titanium alloy substrate. The elemental distribution and morphology of the deposited layers have been extensively studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallinity and phase structure of iCPs have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion characteristics and biodegradability of coatings have been determined by electrochemical measurements, recording potentiodynamic curves in a physiological solution over a long-term immersion period. The cell viability tests confirmed that the iCP coating was biocompatible, while the corrosion tests proved its biodegradable characteristic. In our paper, we compare the morphological, chemical, and biological characteristics of silver and zinc substituted calcium phosphate layers deposited by the electrochemical method.

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Zhang, Yaping, Yuanding Huang, Frank Feyerabend, Sarkis Gavras, Yuling Xu, Regine Willumeit-Römer, Karl Ulrich Kainer, and Norbert Hort. "Effects of Intermetallic Microstructure on Degradation of Mg-5Nd Alloy." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, no. 10 (August 3, 2020): 5498–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05926-7.

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Abstract The influence of intermetallic microstructure on the degradation of Mg-5Nd alloy with different heat treatments was investigated via immersion testing in DMEM + 10 pct FBS under cell culture conditions and subsequent microstructural characterizations. It was found that T4 heat-treated sample had the poorest corrosion resistance due to the lack of finely dispersed precipitates inside grains, continuous lamellar particles along grain boundaries and outer Ca-P layer, and to the formation of a loose corrosion product layer. In contrast, the aged samples exhibited a better corrosion resistance due to their presence and to the formation of a compact corrosion layer. Their degradation behavior largely depended on the intermetallic microstructure. Corrosion was initiated in the matrix around stable globular particles Mg41Nd5 at grain boundaries. In the sample aged at high temperature 245 °C, the coexistence of lamellar Mg41Nd5 particles and their nearby Nd-poor regions enhanced the corrosion. The corrosion first started in such regions. It was shown that those finely dispersed precipitates formed during aging had no influence on the corrosion initiation. However, they indeed affected the subsequent corrosion propagation with the immersion proceeding. They supplied barriers for corrosion propagation and hence were beneficial for improving the corrosion resistance. The continuously distributed lamellar Mg41Nd5 precipitates formed at grain boundaries during aging at 245 °C supplied an additional effective obstacle to corrosion propagation. This was especially beneficial for hindering the corrosion propagation at the later stage of corrosion.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Alternate immersion corrosion testing'

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