To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Alternative Bracing System.
Journal articles on the topic 'Alternative Bracing System'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 19 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Alternative Bracing System.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Pandey, Mr Suryakant. "Seismic Analysis of L-Shape Multi-Storey RCC Building with X-Bracing in Different Effective Location and Pattern." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1150–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37530.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: In this day and age of urbanization, there is a strong need for a large-scale high-rise apartment building in every city but high-rise construction systems are extremely difficult to construct in any seismic region due to the intense and disruptive nature of seismic forces. Seismic forces have the highest risk of causing the most harm to high-rise buildings. To meet this need, the Civil Engineering industry is constantly developing new groundbreaking techniques. To solve this problem RCC or steel bracings are provided in high-rise buildings which help to the low down the effect of seismic and wind forces. The main objective of this paper is to locate an effective position and pattern of the RCC X-bracing system in the L- shape multi-storey building which is subjected to seismic forces. According to a previous reference paper, X-bracing produces better results than other bracing systems. Analysis the seven types of frame models are taken – (1) Normal L-shape building without bracing, (2) Xbracing are provided at the face of L-shape building, (3) X-bracing are provided alternative pattern at the face of L-shape building from bottom to top floor, (4) X- bracing are provided zig-zag pattern at the face of L-shape building, (5) X-bracing are provided at the corner of L-shape building, (6) X-bracing are provided alternative pattern at the corner of L-shape building from bottom to the top floor, (7) X-bracing are provided zig-zag pattern at the corner of L-shape building. Developed and evaluated by response spectrum analysis method (Linear dynamic analysis) as per IS 1893-2000 using STAAD PRO V8i. In the present work G+12 storey, the L-shape frame structure is analyzed by using X-bracing. It is analyzed and the results of the Following Parameters are taken - (1) Peak storey shear, (2) Base shear, (3) Nodal displacement, (4) Maximum bending moment, (5) Total quantity of steel in the whole structure, (6) Total volume of concrete in the whole structure are evaluated and compared. Keywords: RCC Bracing, Seismic Behavior, Seismic Analysis, Peak Storey Shear, Base shear, Nodal Displacements, Maximum Bending Moment, The Total Quantity of Steel, The Total Volume of Concrete
2
Bishay-Girges, Nagui William. "A Study to use an Alternative System of Wall Bracing in Industrial Buildings." International Journal of Civil Engineering 5, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488352/ijce-v5i9p101.
Full text
3
Roostayi, Mohammad Mohsen, Hossein Bagheri, Saeid Talebian Moghaddam, Kavous Firooznia, Mohammad Razi, Mostafa Hosseini, and Madjid Shakiba. "The effects of vacuumic bracing system on the patellofemoral articulation in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome." Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 15, no. 1 (February 2009): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2008.09.008.
Full text
4
Kim, Dong Keon, and Jong Wan Hu. "Bracing Systems for Seismic and Wind Performance of Tall Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.667.
Full textAbstract:
Occurrence of frequency of earthquakes around the world has been increased including Sendai earthquake in Japan and magnitude of earthquake has also increased. Recently, many tall buildings using local seismic codes can be exposed to the risk of an earthquake and wind. Also, some buildings, which was planned to be built, were foundered as a result of lack of finance. Therefore, for tall buildings, structural safety such as earthquake and wind resistant performance, and financing issue are very important to progress the huge project. So we need to find another optimum alternative other than damping devices and base isolation system. In this study, four types of test specimens are used, which are fifty-story base tall building, tall building that was reinforced with diagonal brace, x-brace, and Chevron brace. And all of these cases, are subjected to the seismic load and wind load, finally analyzed and compared for seismic and wind performances.
5
Tena-Colunga, Arturo, Enrique Del Valle, and Dalila Pérez-Moreno. "Issues on the Seismic Retrofit of a Building near Resonant Response and Structural Pounding." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 3 (August 1996): 567–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585897.
Full textAbstract:
Paper presents an analytical study on the possible application of commonly used retrofit schemes for an existing nine-story apartment building in Mexico City. The building, located in Mexico City's lake-bed region, was originally conceived as a RC waffle-flat slab structural system and was built in the late sixties. The building suffered important structural damage during the March 14, 1979 Petatlán Earthquake, primarily caused by structural pounding with neighboring structures due to its flexibility and resonant response with the ground. The building was retrofitted shortly after the Petatlán Earthquake with steel bracing in the direction of pounding. The retrofitted building survived the September 19, 1985 Michoacán Earthquake with light structural damage. Some evidence of pounding with one neighboring structure was again observed. Because of the chronic pounding problems with adjacent structures, which are separated eight to fifteen cm from the apartment building, it is felt that an additional upgrade of the structure may be needed for the safety of the building if a strong earthquake similar to the 1985 Michoacán Earthquake may strike Mexico City soon again. Different retrofit schemes were studied, which can be grouped as follows: a) weight reduction, b) column and waffle-slab jacketing, c) addition of energy dissipation devices, d) removal of top floors, e) replacement of diagonal bracing with newer bracing and, f) a combination of previous solutions. The effectiveness of the studied retrofit schemes is discussed by comparing their dynamic structural response with respect to the response of the actual retrofitted structure using nonlinear dynamic analyses for a postulated Ms=8.1 earthquake, as well as construction process, property value, and building use considerations. It is concluded that many aspects need to be evaluated in a seismic retrofit plan for a given building structure and often, the best alternative from the structural viewpoint may not be the best alternative overall.
6
Benita, Diva Rahma, Erma Desmaliana, and Amatulhay Pribadi. "Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Struktur Baja SRBKK Tipe Inverted-V pada Gedung Bertingkat 12, 16, dan 20 Lantai. (Hal. 65-74)." RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil 5, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.65.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK Konstruksi baja merupakan suatu alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam pembangunan gedung tinggi. Salah satu cara untuk memperbesar kekakuan suatu gedung dengan memasang bresing. Pada kasus ini sistem struktur baja yang digunakan yakni Sistem Rangka Bresing Konsentrik Khusus menggunakan bresing tipe Inverted-V. Dalam tugas akhir ini dilakukan perencanaan struktur baja bertingkat 12, 16 dan 20 lantai yang dimana nantinya juga dilakukan evaluasi kinerja struktur bangunan menggunakan analisis pushover untuk menentukan struktur bangunan yang paling efektif dalam perencanaan struktur menggunakan bresing Inverted-V. Dalam tugas akhir ini, didapat level kinerja struktur pada struktur baja bertingkat 12, 16 dan 20 lantai berada pada kinerja Immediate Occupancy (IO). Dari hasil-hasil analisis yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur baja bertingkat 12 lantai menggunakan bresing konsentrik tipe Inverted-V memiliki perioda struktur yang paling kecil dan berat struktur yang lebih kecil dibandingkan sistem rangka bresing struktur lainnya. Kata kunci: struktur baja, pushover, kinerja struktur ABSTRACT Steel construction is an alternative that can be used in the construction of tall buildings. One way to increase the rigidity of a building by installing the bracing. In this case the steel structure system that will be used is the Steel Special Concentrically using Inverted-V type bracing. In this thesis, steel structure planning of 12, 16 and 20-storey will be carried out, which will also evaluate the performance of the building structure using pushover analysis to determine the most effective structure in the structure planning using Inverted-V bracing. In this thesis, it obtained the level structural performance in steel structure 12, 16 and 20-storey floors are in the performance of Immediate Occupancy (IO). From the result of the analysis that was obtained, it can be concluded that the 12-storey steel structure steel structure using concentrically Inverted V-braced frames has the smallest structural period and smaller structural weights compared to other structural bracing systems. Keywords: steel structure, pushover, structure performance
7
FitzGerald, T. F., Thalia Anagnos, Mary Goodson, and Theodore Zsutty. "Slotted Bolted Connections in Aseismic Design for Concentrically Braced Connections." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 2 (May 1989): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585528.
Full textAbstract:
The use of concentrically braced steel frames to satisfy lateral force requirements is a common design practice in regions of strong seismicity. They provide a very efficient means of fulfilling the dual objectives of earthquake resistant design, that is, damage control and collapse prevention. While tensile yielding and inelastic buckling of bracing elements provide the basic energy absorbing mechanism, there are inherent problems with member behavior under multiple cycles of inelastic deformations. Inelastic energy dissapation, however, may also be provided by friction resistance in slotted bolted connections, thus eliminating the need for inelastic member buckling. Limited laboratory tests indicate that this concept may be a viable alternative for use as a lateral force resisting system for both new construction and the seismic upgrading of existing structures.
8
Chung, Chloe L., Derek M. Kelly, Jeffery R. Sawyer, Jack R. Steele, Terry S. Tate, Cody K. Bateman, and Denis J. DiAngelo. "Mechanical Testing of a Novel Fastening Device to Improve Scoliosis Bracing Biomechanics for Treating Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (August 12, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7813960.
Full textAbstract:
Velcro fastening straps are commonly used to secure a scoliosis brace around the upper body and apply corrective forces to the spine. However, strap loosening and tension loss have been reported that reduce spinal correction and treatment efficacy. A novel fastening device, or controlled tension unit (CTU), was designed to overcome these limitations. A scoliosis analog model (SAM) was used to biomechanically compare the CTU fasteners and posterior Velcro straps on a conventional brace (CB) as well as on a modified brace (MB) that included a dynamic cantilever apical pad section. Brace configurations tested were (1) CB with posterior Velcro straps, (2) CB with posterior CTU fasteners, (3) MB with posterior Velcro straps, and (4) MB with posterior CTU fasteners. MB configurations were tested with 0 N, 35.6 N, and 71.2 N CTU fasteners applied across the apical pad flap. Three-dimensional forces and moments were measured at both ends of the SAM. The CTU fasteners provided the same corrective spinal loads as Velcro straps when tensioned to the same level on the CB configuration and can be used as an alternative fastening system. Dynamically loading the apical flap increased the distractive forces applied to the spine without affecting tension in the fastening straps.
9
Kam, Weng Yuen, Richard Built, Brandt Saxey, and Jerod Johnson. "Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRB) Seismic Design - A Consulting Engineer’s Consideration." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.932.
Full textAbstract:
There is no standard for the design of Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) frames in New Zealand. Consequently, a consulting engineer would need to consider a range of overseas design standards and latest research findings and incorporate into a New Zealand code-compliance framework. This “Alternative Solution” pathway to satisfy the New Zealand Building Code means peer review and agreement with peer review is required. This paper describes the design journey and technical challenges the authors had in the seismic design of the BRB for the New Zealand International Convention Centre (NZICC). BRB frames are used as the primary ductile lateral load bracing system, acting in parallel with the moment-resisting frames formed by the primary cruciform columns and storey-deep trusses. Due to the vertical irregularity and a dual-system structure, a direct displacement-based design (DDBD) approach was used in parallel with a more convention code-compliant force-based design, to derive the BRB design actions. The design of the BRB connections, in particular the gusset design is particularly challenging due to the diverging views and numerous methodologies available. We have considered several analytical methods for the BRB connection design and commissioned two full-scale testing of the critical BRB and the gusset connection. Lessons learnt
10
Bessini, Juan, Salvador Monleón, Josep Casanova, and Carlos Lázaro. "Shape Generation of Bending-Active Braced Arches Based on Elastica Curves." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2021.016.
Full textAbstract:
The active bending concept provides a new perspective for a well-established structural type which has been used at various scales: the beam-string, consisting of a beam with an attached lower tie in tension and bracing struts balancing the forces between them. The idea goes back to the gutter beams of the Crystal Palace and has been widely used to the present for large-scale structures. When a slender beam is used, the tension in the tie induces curvature in the beam and increases the structural depth of the system; this opens new formal possibilities and results in lightweight structures at the expense of increasing their overall flexibility. Systems of this kind fall within the realm of active bending. We name them bending-active braced arches. The target shape of the system follows the tensioning process and needs to be pre-determined by means of a specific analysis, typically involving dynamic relaxation or optimization-based methods. In this paper, we propose an analytical method to generate shapes for bending-active braced arches. It assumes that each segment of the activated rod between deviators behaves as a segment of elastica; this enables the use of closed-form expressions to evaluate the shape and induced stress level in the active member. Taking advantage of this idea, it is possible to devise a procedure to carry out the shaping process in a sequential way by adequately choosing the design parameters. When alternative choices for the parameters are selected, the problem becomes non-linear and can be solved using suitable techniques. Some examples with different design constraints have been reproduced to illustrate the possibilities of the method.
11
Covell, Donald J., and Ryan McMillen. "Early Outcomes of an Anterior Ankle Fusion Plating System with rhPDGF-BB Beta Tricalcium Phosphate Graft." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00178.
Full textAbstract:
Category: Ankle; Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Ankle fusion offers a reliable and effective treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis. Biomechanical studies have shown that plating systems may offer an advantage to ankle fusion patients with significant bone loss, bone deformity, or osteoporotic bone by providing a stiffer construct. One potential downside to plating systems is that they have been associated with soft tissue irritation due to their profile height. The objective of this case series was to assess the early patient clinical and radiographic outcomes of an anatomically designed, lower profile anterior ankle fusion plate used in combination with an autograft alternative, recombinant human protein derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB). Methods: All ankle fusions performed between May 2018 and August 2019 at two centers were retrospectively evaluated. All patients received an anatomically designed, low profile anterior ankle fusion plate (ORTHOLOC 3Di, Wright Medical Group, Memphis, Tennessee, USA) through an anterior surgical approach. All patients also received rhPDGF-BB as part of the surgical procedure. Patients were non-weight bearing for 6 to 8 weeks in a splint or short leg cast, before transitioning to protected partial weight bearing for another 6 to 8 weeks. Patient demographics, time to radiographic fusion, length of follow-up, and adverse events were collected as part of the review. Results: There were 20 patients (12 male, 8 female) included in the analysis. The average age was 60.9 years (range, 42-90) and the average BMI was 31.6 kg/m2 (range, 21-52). There were eight diabetics, four smokers, and two patients who had preoperative ulcers. The average follow-up time was 7.8 months (range, 3-18). The fusion rate was 90%, with two nonunions. One nonunion patient was an obese, diabetic, neuropathic, smoker with a preoperative ulcer and a previous ankle fracture. She was treated with a bone stimulator and showed increased bony consolidation. The second nonunion patient was a neuropathic, diabetic who had previous hindfoot Charcot reconstruction. Her nonunion was stable and fibrous, which allowed her to ambulate pain free without bracing or assistive devices. Conclusion: This case series presents the first clinical results for this anatomically designed anterior ankle fusion plate. Outcomes were positive with a 90% fusion rate despite being used in a series of patients with a high incidence of risk factors and comorbidities. Additional complications were minor as related to wound healing. Further study is needed to confirm these promising initial results.
12
Pekcan, Gokhan, John B. Mander, and Stuart S. Chen. "Seismic Retrofit of Steel Deck-Truss Bridges: Experimental Investigation." Advances in Structural Engineering 5, no. 3 (August 2002): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943302760228121.
Full textAbstract:
Alternative seismic retrofit strategies for steel deck-truss bridges are investigated in this study. Various modified tension-only bracing configurations, which consist of tendon elements with or without supplemental systems are introduced within the end-sway frames. The effectiveness of the retrofit configurations is demonstrated experimentally and analytically on a one-third scale model of an existing steel end-sway frame tested on the shaking table at the State University of New York at Buffalo. It is concluded that proposed alternatives can efficiently improve the lateral strength and stiffness characteristics. Moreover, the load path within the end-sway frame is modified to bypass the existing nonductile steel bearings. A stable energy dissipation mechanism is provided by means of re-centering elastomeric spring dampers along with fuse elements, thus reducing the overall seismic demand on the structural systems.
13
Adriaenssens, S. "Feasibility Study of Medium Span Spliced Spline Stressed Membranes." International Journal of Space Structures 23, no. 4 (November 2008): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026635108786959889.
Full textAbstract:
This papers examines the feasibility of 3 medium span (16m – 32m) spliced spline stressed membranes. Medium span slender arch systems have been used for canopy structures of stadia cladding such as the Gottlieb-Daimler Stadium. Lateral bracing by the membrane means that the arch can be slender and flexible. Flexibility and lightness fit in well with the design of pre-stressed structures that are themselves flexible and adjust to applied loads. The presented membrane structures are designed bearing in mind their deployability (as necessary for temporary tents) and offer a good simple alternative to medium span high maintenance pneumatics covering squash courts or swimming pools.
14
Giaretton, Marta, Dmytro Dizhur, and Jason Ingham. "Shake Table Testing of Seismically Restrained Clay-Brick Masonry Parapets." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 1 (February 2018): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/040716eqs054m.
Full textAbstract:
Past seismic events, such as the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the 2001 Nis-qually earthquake, and the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, have repeatedly served as reminders of the hazards posed by unreinforced masonry parapets. Observed failure modes have included several cases where adopted retrofit techniques were inadequate to effectively secure parapets during earthquake-induced shaking. In response, this paper investigates, by means of shake table testing, the dynamic behavior of nine clay-brick masonry parapets with commonly used bracing systems and alternative securing techniques, such as post-tensioning and combined braces and vertical strong-backs. Seismic capacity was improved 6 to 8 times compared to the as-built postcracked condition. The addition of vertical strong-backs further improved the performance of braced parapets, with capacity increased 12 times compared to as-built parapets. Parapet construction and retrofit procedures are presented, followed by a discussion of the developed failure modes as well as the response of the retrofitted parapets.
15
Cantin, Kristine, Sophia Ulman, Jang-Ho Park, Sunwook Kim, and Maury A. Nussbaum. "Evaluating the Usability of Alternative Shoulder Stabilization Methods." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601637.
Full textAbstract:
Braces are commonly used to stabilize and restrict movement of the arm and shoulder after injury, such as dislocation (Itoi, Hatakeyama, and Kido, 2003). However, secondary pain and discomfort cause concern for clinicians when prescribing braces to patients that require shoulder stability, and may result in poor compliance by the patient if prescribed for long durations. Popularly used braces have been associated with secondary pain in surrounding areas, such as the neck and shoulders, compared to rehabilitative outcomes without the use of braces (Struijs, Kerkhoffs, Assendelft, and van Dijk, 2004). Straps are often used in conventional brace design for stability, yet they are potential sources of discomfort. Novel supporting methods used in more recently developed braces could mitigate the above concerns associated with traditional bracing methods (i.e., discomfort and low ease of use) while stabilizing the shoulder. We examined the usability of five brace designs, including a newly developed brace. Selected existing products were used to represent a spectrum of different design approaches (e.g., brace shape and coverage, connector locations, and straps) and included, in alphabetical order: 1) Bledsoe Clinic Shoulder Immobilizer (“Sling”) (Bledsoe Brace Systems, Grand Prairie, TX, bledsoebrace.net ), 2) Breg SlingShot 3 Shoulder Brace (“SlingShot”) (Breg, Inc. Carlsbad, CA, www.breg.com ), 3) Breg Straight Shoulder Immobilizer (“Straight”) (Breg, Inc. Carlsbad, CA, www.breg.com ), and 4) Bledsoe Sling and Swathe Immobilizer (“Swathe”) (Bledsoe Brace Systems, Grand Prairie, TX, bledsoebrace.net ). The new brace design ( www.kaykare.net ) includes a sleeve and single waist strap. A total of 10 young adults (M = 24.2±4.9 years old) and 10 older adults (M = 66.9±4.3 years old), gender-balanced in each group, were recruited to enhance generalizability of results. A within-subjects design was implemented to test donning/doffing performance, perceived stability and comfort of the selected arm braces. The study included controlled tasks involving donning and doffing on the self and on a simulated “patient” as the participant acted as a “caregiver,” along with simulated activities of daily living, to compare brace performance. Outcome measures included donning/doffing times, ratings and rankings of ease of use, and stability and comfort ratings and rankings, and these were compared between age, gender, and braces using Analyses of Variance. Participants had significantly lower donning and doffing times while using the new brace versus the other braces, and it was rated as having a higher level of ease when donning/doffing. The “Swathe” type of brace was rated as having the highest level of stability, while comfort ratings were not significantly different between braces. Braces more frequently selected as the preferred brace at the end of the study, such as the “Sling,” are more commonly provided braces at clinics or in emergency scenarios (Hatta, Sano, Yamamoto, and Itoi, 2013). Non-traditional strapping methods used in the new brace and the “Straight” were often perceived as being less stable due to fewer straps. Throughout data collection, it was found that as straps increase on the brace, greater stability is perceived, although application ease and donning time will likely increase. These results reveal that the newer brace design offers a potential solution to emergency shoulder immobilizing when compared to popularly supplied braces, though patients may perceive greater support while wearing a brace with more straps. However, the current work is limited by a healthy participant pool, and future work should explore patient responses to actual prescription of each brace. Long-term use should also be examined to capture experiences beyond the laboratory.
16
Formisano, Antonio, and Federico M. Mazzolani. "Numerical Non-Linear Behaviour of Aluminium Perforated Shear Walls: A Parametric Study." Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.250.
Full textAbstract:
Aluminium Plate Shear Walls (APSWs) are innovative systems able to confer to either new or existing structures a significant capacity to resist earthquake and wind loads. Many tests have shown that these devices may exhibit high strength, initial stiffness and ductility, as well as an excellent ability to dissipate energy. When full APSWs are used as bracing device of buildings, they may induce excessive stresses in the surrounding main structure where they are inserted, so to require the adoption of large cross-section profiles. For this reason, perforated panels, which are weakened by holes aiming at limiting the actions transmitted to the surrounding frame members, represent a valid alternative to full panels. In this work, aiming at showing the advantages of such devices, a FEM model of perforated panels has been calibrated on the basis of recent experimental tests. Subsequently, a parametric FEM analysis on different series of aluminium perforated panels, by changing the number and diameter of the holes, as well as the plate thickness, has been carried out with the aim to individuate the maximum shear strength offered by such devices with different opening percentages.
17
Pearsall, Patrick W. "The Role of the State and the ISDS Trinity." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.70.
Full textAbstract:
In their article Imperfect Alternatives: Institutional Choice and Reform of Investment Law, Sergio Puig and Gregory Shaffer develop a clear and discerning comparative framework to evaluate alternatives to the current system of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). In her essay Incremental, Systemic, and Paradigmatic Reform of Investor-State Arbitration, Anthea Roberts offers us a bracingly candid typology to describe the various actors involved in the recent efforts toward reform. My essay is meant to complement these excellent contributions and to focus unflinchingly on the tripartite role of the state itself. What I call the ISDS Trinity can be understood as shorthand for the state's systemic role as (1) law-giver, (2) protector of investment, and (3) respondent. Looking at current and future design trade-offs, I suggest that whether an institutional choice is embraced within the ISDS system has a lot to do with how well the reform validates each of these three roles. In this way, the ISDS Trinity offers further insight into how each state will approach the various trade-offs and intercamp dynamics described by Puig and Shaffer, and by Roberts, within the current debate. Put another way, the ISDS Trinity sheds additional light on whether a reform to the system will be well-received by a state and thus enjoy a greater chance of adoption.
18
Suthar, Bhavik R., Dr Indrajit N. Patel, Prof Vimlesh V. Agrawal, and Prof Vishal Patel. "Study of G + 20 Storey RC Framed Structure With Structural Steel Braces." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, July 18, 2021, 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-1687.
Full textAbstract:
Earthquake is that the one of the main disaster better-known to mankind since a few years, there has been a considerable contribution from earthquake engineers for the protection of the structure. one amongst the alternatives to reduce the harm caused due to the earthquake is adopting steel bracings within the structure. These members is used within the building as a horizontal load resisting system to enhance the stiffness of the frame for seismic forces. this study is based on analysis of RC framed G+20 storey structure with steel braces using ETABS software. This study is conducted to know the behaviour of the various bracing system for different direction of the building. The building is situated in ZONE 5. The performance of building is studied in terms of Base shear, Base moment, Storey shear, Storey moment, Maximum displacement, Drift. The results of the analysis are compared and it was found that the seismal behavior of braced framed building is improved as compared to unbraced framed building. it had been also found that the various arrangements of bracing systems have great influence on seismic performance of the building. In this study considering the shape irregularity, mass irregularity.
19
Lopez-Pavon, Carlos, Rafael A. Watai, Felipe Ruggeri, Alexandre N. Simos, and Antonio Souto-Iglesias. "Influence of Wave Induced Second-Order Forces in Semisubmersible FOWT Mooring Design." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 137, no. 3 (June 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4030241.
Full textAbstract:
AZIMUT project (Spanish CENIT R&D program) is designed to establish the technological groundwork for the subsequent development of a large-scale offshore wind turbine. The project (2010–2013) has analyzed different alternative configurations for the floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT): SPAR, tension leg platform (TLP), and semisubmersible platforms were studied. Acciona, as part of the consortium, was responsible of scale-testing a semisubmersible platform to support a 1.5 MW wind turbine. The geometry of the floating platform considered in this paper has been provided by the Hiprwind FP7 project and is composed by three buoyant columns connected by bracings. The main focus of this paper is on the hydrodynamic modeling of the floater, with especial emphasis on the estimation of the wave drift components and their effects on the design of the mooring system. Indeed, with natural periods of drift around 60 s, accurate computation of the low-frequency second-order components is not a straightforward task. Methods usually adopted when dealing with the slow-drifts of deep-water moored systems, such as the Newman's approximation, have their errors increased by the relatively low resonant periods of the floating system and, since the effects of depth cannot be ignored, the wave diffraction analysis must be based on full quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) computations. A discussion on the numerical aspects of performing such computations is presented, making use of the second-order module available with the seakeeping software wamit®. Finally, the paper also provides a preliminary verification of the accuracy of the numerical predictions based on the results obtained in a series of model tests with the structure fixed in bichromatic waves.