Academic literature on the topic 'Alternative cartography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Alternative cartography"
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Seemann, Jorn. "Does cartographic education need an epistemology? Traditions and transitions in Brazilian school cartography." Perspectiva 40, no. 4 (November 10, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795x.2022.e83989.
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Knowledge philosophies have been a constant theme in cartography for the last three decades and have resulted in a lively debate on a variety of approaches (modern, postmodern post-processual and post-representational) in the field. These discussions have not had a significant impact on theories and methodologies in cartographic education. Teaching about and with maps embraces well-established ideas, but is reticent to accept alternative modes. This article seeks to analyze cartographic views and epistemologies in the context of school cartography in Brazil in order to point out traditions, transitions and trends that consolidate easy-to-follow principles, but may curb a diversity of approaches in the subfield at the same time. I argue that teaching with maps requires a broader debate about adjustments and innovations beyond the taken-for-granted standards. For this purpose, I will briefly discuss epistemologies in the context of scientific cartography and then, based on the existent substantial bibliography on cartographic education in Brazil, outline specific traditions that have laid the foundations for today’s school cartography in the country. Obstacles and challenges for the development and improvement in teaching are identified, with the intention to rethink common practices and experiment alternative or complementary forms and modes in the classroom. The revision and reformulation of specific principles, concepts and themes can strengthen an inclusive, diversified and pluralistic vision in cartographic education that can serve as a useful tool for citizenship cartography in Brazil.
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Alves, Cristiano Nunes. "Buscando alternativas cartográficas: uma metodologia de subversão do sistema de informação geográfica." RUA 22, no. 1 (June 16, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rua.v22i1.8646072.
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Parte da construção de uma geografia renovada, amparada numa metodologia de pesquisa maleável, indaga sobre as possibilidades de subverter as funções técnicas do sistema de informação geográfica (SIG), utilizando-se de suas bases cartográficas, todavia, buscando uma produção alternativa ao sugestionado por meio de softwares de mapeamento. Para tanto, a proposta metodológica aqui apresentada, conduz a uma produção cartográfica subsidiada por programas gratuitamente disponíveis e de fácil manipulação, tais quais: Google Earth, editores de slides e editores de figuras. Procura-se, desse modo, conferir autonomia a geógrafos e demais pesquisadores, buscando contribuir para a discussão acerca da produção de cartografias mais flexíveis, menos ancoradas nas certezas que apenas o espaço euclidiano pode abrigar.Abstract: Part of building a renewed geography, supported in a flexible methodology research, we ask for possibilities to subvert the technical functions of geographic information system (GIS), using their cartographic databases, although, looking for an alternative way to the cartographic production that is usually induced by the standard of mapping software’s. Due this, the methodology introduced in this article comes to subsidize a cartographic production by the use of programs that have free access and are easy to handle, as such: Google Earth, editor of figures and editor of slides. Therewith we intend empower geographers and other researchers expecting that this proposal contribute to the discussion about producing a flexible cartography, less rooted in the certainty that only the Euclidean space can shelter.Keywords: medium-technical-scientific-informational; cartography; alternative methodology; geographic information system.
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Caquard, Sébastien, and Claire Dormann. "Humorous Maps: Explorations of an Alternative Cartography." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 35, no. 1 (January 2008): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304008783475670.
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Alavez, José. "Mapping Intimate Geographies of Grief and Loss." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cart-2021-0024.
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Cartography has been pivotal in making visible the number of people who die in the context of migration. In this article, the author explores the potential of mapping to study and develop another dimension of the geography of death within exile: the more intimate dimensions of post-mortem geographies as experienced by those who survive a loved one. Inspired by Avril Maddrell’s call for developing new cartographic representations to share difficult emotions and memories associated with death, the author mobilized two alternative mapping practices—inductive visualization and sensibility mapping—to chart the emotional and intimate geographies embedded in the stories of two migrants who lost a close friend with whom they lived while in exile. The mapping process that led the author to represent these intimate post-mortem geographies brought me to reflect on the importance of developing alternative cartographic forms of expression that focus on the experiential and the emotional, rather than on the factual and the measurable. By steering this cartographic shift away from the fact of death as the end of a journey to death as a lingering event in the life of those who survive, the author proposes a cartography of grief and mourning that aims to contribute to individual and collective remembering.
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Fairbairn, David. "Contemporary challenges in cartographic education." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-72-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper is focussed on the work and remit of the ICA’s Commission on Education and Training (CET), presenting a reflection by the retiring chair of the current issues which affect the work of Commission members and all engaged in current education and training of students of cartography around the world.</p><p> The nature and development of cartography as an academic and professional discipline has been discussed through many presentations, both conceptual and applied, and in various arenas and communities, over the past half century. As cartographic practice became standardised in the 20th century, so educational and instructional materials describing and analysing the discipline conveyed a relatively uniform message, ensuring that the audience of learners were educated and trained positively to an agreed agenda. In effect, a subtle, as yet unwritten, ‘Body of Knowledge’ was developed and elucidated in educational materials, notably textbooks on cartography, in the last few decades of the last century (Kessler, 2018).</p><p> It was during these years, however, that cartography developed as a discipline far beyond its initial roots as a map-making technology. The technology of map-making certainly changed completely, and a host of other aspects were incorporated, from metrical analysis of historical map documents to gender-oriented investigations of mapping activity; from the integration and importance of cartography in contemporary geospatial data handling to the role of volunteer map-making; from the psychology of map interaction and decision making to the mathematics of map projections and multi-dimensional data representation; and many, many other activities and issues which must be included in educational programmes in cartography.</p><p> It is the establishment, adoption and maintenance of a Body of Knowledge (BoK) which is one of the main <strong>challenges</strong> (this paper presents 11, in <strong>bold</strong> below) and, if successfully met, it can assist in ensuring that cartographic education and training develops as required in the next few decades (Fairbairn, 2017). The further challenges highlighted in this paper can form the basis for further investigation by the CET in the future. This listing of issues is informed by a number of contemporary changes in technology, by closer integration of cartography with other geospatial sciences, by research achievements and investigations in the field, by advances in educational praxis, by demands on cartography by a host of other activities, and by consequent recognition of the discipline by learned and professional bodies.</p><p> One of the main purposes in developing a <strong>Body of Knowledge</strong> is to encompass and facilitate curriculum design. As the widening scope of cartography will be reflected in the developing BoK (most notably in cartography’s contribution to GIS), <strong>curriculum design</strong> must be flexible and innovative enough to cope with more numerous and wider, though focussed and integrated, topics. The admirable, existing BoK in Geographic Information Science and Technology, already being reviewed and enhanced, but omitting many <strong>specific cartographic principles</strong>, is a possible framework for incorporating these. Alternatively there are sound arguments for a uniquely cartographic BoK, and this enterprise is certainly an ICA-approved pursuit.</p><p> Also within the BoK, the <strong>theoretical foundations for the study of cartography</strong> must be elucidated and moved from the research agenda to the educational curriculum. A revised <i>Research Agenda</i> developed under ICA auspices and a focussed <i>Body of Knowledge</i> are synergistic documents, with interdependent content in one directing content in the other. Such documents may be perceived by many to be overly conceptual, un-related to everyday mapping activity. In terms of cartographic production in the past 50 years, we have moved far from the standardised methods mentioned earlier, applied by every commercial and governmental mapping organisation. The activity of map-making has adopted a host of alternative methods, and artefacts, data-sets and representations are created and ‘mashed-up’ by an increasingly wide range of individuals and groups with highly variable experiences, expertise and understanding of cartographic procedures. In terms of ‘organised’ cartography in multi-employee companies, government and non-government agencies, academic and research groups, and associated industrial and environmental companies, a further challenge is <strong>understanding what employers want from graduates in cartography and GIS</strong>. The delivery of education in cartography is an academic activity, but it must be done in a manner which demonstrates relevance to the community which relies on the skills of an educated workforce.</p><p> In some cases the cartographic community, notably its educators, may have to direct their attention outside the classroom and convince the fragmenting industry that cartographic principles are vital for effective management and communication of information, and that the products of cartographic education (the graduates from educational programmes) are serious and informed potential employees with much to offer a wide range of human activity. Such recognition by those outside the academy can be encouraged by seeking and receiving <strong>professional accreditation</strong> from awarding bodies such as industry associations, learned societies, educational authorities and public bodies. The landscape of professional recognition in the disciplines of cartography and GIS is highly varied, geographically, institutionally, legally, and pedagogically. The fluid nature of the disciplines, and in particular their fuzzy distinction from a host of other geomatics, geospatial, engineering, environmental, and social activities means that cartographic education must acknowledge and address its interaction with education in many other sciences. <strong>Linking cartographic education and its principles with related education in other closely related geo-disciplines</strong> is particularly important. Common messages must be presented stressing cartography’s importance and relevance.</p><p> At the possible wider levels mentioned above, experiences and <strong>lessons learned from teaching cartography and GIS to a broad range of non-specialists</strong> must be documented: cartographic principles must be shown to be important and relevant to all those engaged in handling maps and mapping data. Stressing the importance of such principles is especially vital when education is done at a distance: the Commission has long been interested in those activities which <strong>develop on-line educational resources</strong> and look at innovative ways of delivering education widely to large audiences outside formal educational establishments. We already have reports on mature and effective resources in the form of MOOCs, distance learning courses, and online training modules (e.g. Robinson and Nelson, 2015). Such methods of delivery for cartographic education have proven popular and efficient: educators must ensure continued relevance, update, and diligence, in managing these activities.</p><p> In addition to content development and assessment frameworks, it is technical requirements which are often perceived as major blocks to effective use of in-line educational resources. <strong>Technical support requirements</strong> are critical in every form of cartographic education: in the past replication of map reproduction labs was prohibitive for most educational establishments; today it is the acquisition of a full range of software which mitigates against full exposure to the varied range of cartographic and geospatial data handling activity as practised in the ‘real world’. The generosity of some software providers is widely acknowledged in educational institutions, and many of the software products are generic enough to be able to demonstrate the required cartographic principles in a non-partisan manner. However, in many cases employers are seeking specific training skills in particular packages and this can be difficult to provide within a formal educational programme.</p><p> Recent additions to the ‘wish-list’ of employers, however, have been related to abilities in coding and computer programming. Luckily, the most commonly sought skill is ability to write code in Python or Javascript. These are open source, rather than a commercial, products, and hence can be acquired by any educational establishment. The <strong>use of open source software and datasets in geospatial and cartographic education</strong> is becoming increasingly important, and their effective integration with traditional (and indeed contemporary) curricula in cartographic education is clearly a further challenge.</p><p> This paper has outlined a number of challenges facing cartographic education. Like the wider discipline, education in cartography is delivered by capable and dedicated individuals, each with interests in the development of the discipline in an increasingly diverse and varied educational arena. The Commission is intent on addressing the challenges outlined, promoting effective and high-quality cartographic education.</p>
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Alvarado, Johan Lorraine. "Cartography of Sound." Columbia Journal of Asia 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cja.v1i2.10002.
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This paper embarks on the odyssey of queer diasporic Pilipinxs, a journey that has hitherto been neglected in English literary studies. Set against the backdrop of multiple imperialisms and ongoing migration, this project attends to a complex array of issues discussed in contemporary queer Pilipinx American poetry, examining bodies in transit, bodies in translation, and bodies in transformation. In close-reading Kay Ulanday Barrett’s More Than Organs and Aldrin Valdez’s ESL, or You Weren’t Here, my aim is to explore how queer Pilipinx American embodiment can be uprooted and mapped within a poetic landscape that dissolves boundaries between languages, voices, genders, temporalities, and worlds. These collections elucidate not only alternative ways of mourning and healing but also the breadth of queer, diasporic imagination that transcends neat categorization or stringent conclusions. This thesis proposes that queer Pilipinx American poetry can help us negotiate our vexed legacies in order to arrive at new, expansive possibilities of being, becoming, and belonging.
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Lacerda, Sofia. "Usos potenciais da terra na antiguidade como alternativa às representações cartográficas dos solos existentes em Portugal. O caso da civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal)." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 19 (January 31, 2019): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i19.181.
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Os Mapas de Uso Potencial da Terra são representações cartográficas que nos permitem refletir sobre os usos prováveis da terra na antiguidade. Não se devem confundir com a cartografia tradicional de solos, uma vez que, ao contrário desta, os Mapas de Uso Potencial da Terra são criados de forma a conter um valor histórico. Embora este tipo de cartografia permita a criação de diferentes cenários produtivos, enquadrados num determinado período, não significa que seja representativo da realidade, mas sim de uma possibilidade. Neste artigo apresentamos o caso concreto do Mapa de Usos Potenciais da Terra criado para parte do território da civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal).Ao mesmo tempo que pretendemos encorajar a criação e uso deste tipo de cartografia, consideramos importante mostrar os perigos que incorremos ao utilizarmos na investigação arqueológica a cartografia de solos atualmente disponível em Portugal.
Land evaluation in antiquity as an alternative to Portuguese soil representation. The case of civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal)Potential Land Use Maps are cartographic representations that allow us to think about the most probable land uses in the past. These maps shouldn’t be mistaken with the traditional soil cartography since those are created from an historical prespective. Although this kind of cartography allows the creation of different exploitation scenarios, integrated on a specific historical period, it should not be taken as a representative reality, but as a possibility. In this paper we present the case of civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal) Potential Land Use Map.At the same time, we intend to encourage the creation and use of these maps, as well as warn about the flaws that exist when we apply the traditional soil cartography available in Portugal.
Keywords: GIS, Cartography, Rural Landscape, Agrarian Archaeology
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Rizzi, Luigi. "Notes on cartography and further explanation." Probus 25, no. 1 (May 2, 2013): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2013-0010.
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Abstract This article addresses one particular aspect of the cartographic enterprise, the cartographic study of the left periphery of the clause, the system of criteria, and the “syntacticisation” of scope-discourse semantics that rich and detailed syntactic maps make possible. I will compare this theoretical option with the conceivable alternative, the “pragmaticization” of a radically impoverished syntax, and will discuss some simple kinds of empirical evidence bearing on the choice between these alternative perspectives. I will then turn to the issue of whether the properties of the functional sequence (ordering, cooccurrence restrictions) are amenable to “further explanations” in terms of more basic principles constraining linguistic computations. I will argue that the search for deeper explanations is an integral part of the cartographic endeavour: it presupposes the establishment of reliable maps, and nourishes the pursuit of further cartographic questions. I will conclude by illustrating the issue of further explanation by comparing certain properties of topicalization in English and Italian, in particular the fact that DP topics are fundamentally unique in English, while they can be freely reiterated in Italian. This pattern can be plausibly traced back to intervention locality, once certain independent properties distinguishing Italian and English topicalization are taken into account.
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Denil, Mark. "The Search for a Radical Cartography." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 68 (March 1, 2011): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp68.6.
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A number of recent map publications have incorporated terms like Radical, Counter,and Alternative in their titles, but it is unclear exactly what a radical (or counter, oralternative) cartography would be. This paper postulates some characteristics such acartography (termed radical for convenience) might possess, and explores analogousphenomena in other fields, in search of a paradigm or model for recognizingcartographic radicality.The term mapicity is proposed to instantiate that quality which all maps mustpossess in order to be recognized and employed as maps, and the term radicality isintroduced to identify a quality that would set a radical cartography apart from onethat was not radical.Three collections of maps that are identified by their authors or publishers as radicalare examined for traces of radicality as defined in this paper. In addition, the earlyTwentieth Century painting movement Analytic Cubism (approximately 1907–1914) is forwarded as a model or paradigm for radicality.
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MacDonald, Shauna M. "Composing an Autoethnographic Cartography of Blue: Becoming a Pharologist in and of the Academy." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 18, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708616673654.
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In this autoethnographic cartography, I argue for the need for alternative embodied maps for academic life. Using my experiences as a budding pharologist (someone who studies lighthouses), I bear witness to my cultural experience of academia through a collaged autoethnography of mapping and composing space. I bring together autoethnography, theories of cartography, as well as my experiences researching lighthouses as sites of public memory performance, to demonstrate that there is a need in the culture of academia for real discussions about anxiety and similar issues—among faculty and students—and that autoethnography, cartography, and pharology provide an entry into such a discussion. In fragmented sections designed to highlight the ways experiences intertwine, I move through four phases of feeling “blue”: the deep blue of confusing academic anxiety and depression; the search for a methodology to lead me to a brighter, more pleasant kind of blue; the research journey that moved me forward; and the “blue sky” blue it led me to. Through autoethnographic writing and stylistic experimentation, I map my experience of journeying through academic anxiety, providing an example of working toward alternative mappings, compositions, and visions of academic life.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternative cartography"
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Klammer, Ralf. "Alternative Analysemöglichkeiten geographischer Daten in der Kartographie mittels Self-Organizing Maps." Thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-62614.
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Die Kartographie ist eine Wissenschaft, die in ihrem Charakter starke interdisziplinäre Züge aufweist. Sie zeigt sich in den verschiedensten Facetten und wird darum in den unterschiedlichsten Wissenschaften angewandt. Markantester Charakter ist, schon per Definition, die Modellierung von geowissenschaftlichen Ereignissen und Sachverhalten. „A unique facility for the creation and manipulation of visual or virtual representations of geospace – maps – to permit the exploration, analysis, understanding and communication of information about that space.“(ICA 2003) Aus dieser Definition wird die Charakteristik einer Kommunikationswissenschaft (Brassel) deutlich. Gerade seit dem Paradigmenwechsel der 1970er Jahre fließen zahlreiche weitere Aspekte wie Informatik, Semiotik und Psychologie in das Verständnis von Kartographie ein. Dadurch wird die Karte nicht mehr als reines graphisches Mittel verstanden, sondern als Träger und Übermittler von Informationen verstanden. Der Kartennutzer und dessen Verständnis von Karten rücken dabei immer weiter in den Vordergrund und werden „Ziel“ der kartographischen Verarbeitung. Aus diesem Verständnis heraus, möchte ich in der folgenden Arbeit einen relativ neuen Einfluss und Aspekt der Kartographie vorstellen. Es handelt sich um das Modell der Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), welches erstmalig Anfang der 1980er Jahre von Teuvo Kohonen vorgestellt wurde und deshalb auch, von einigen Autoren, als Kohonenmaps bezeichnet wird. Dem Typus nach, handelt es sich dabei um künstliche neuronale Netze, welche dem Nervensystem des menschlichen Gehirns nachempfunden sind und damit allgemein als eine Art selbständiger, maschineller Lernvorgang angesehen werden können. Im Speziellen sind Self-Organizing Maps ein unüberwachtes Lernverfahren, das in der Lage ist völlig unbekannte Eingabewerte zu erkennen und zu verarbeiten. Durch diese Eigenschaft eignen sie sich als optimales Werkzeug für Data Mining sowie zur Visualisierung von hochdimensionalen Daten. Eine Vielzahl von Wissenschaftlern hat diesen Vorteil bereits erkannt und das Modell in ihre Arbeit einbezogen oder auf dessen Verwendbarkeit analysiert. Deshalb möchte in dieser Arbeit, einige dieser Verwendungsmöglichkeiten und den daraus resultierenden Vorteil für die Kartographie aufzeigen.
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Prache, Nolwenn. "Apport des solvants alternatifs pour la cartographie du lipidome par chromatographie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS052/document.
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Le développement du concept de chimie analytique « verte » représente l’une des préoccupations majeures du tout début du 21ème siècle ; elle a amené les différents acteurs du domaine à s’interroger sur le bien-fondé du développement de méthodes ayant un impact sur l’environnement et sur l’homme. Dans le domaine de l’analyse des lipides, les séparations par classe nécessitent de travailler sur une très large gamme de polarité, conséquence directe de la diversité des structures et des solubilités mises en jeu. La chromatographie en phase normale (NPLC) permet de réaliser l’élution des composés par ordre de polarité croissante. La mise en solution des classes lipidiques nécessite le recours à des mélanges de solvants incluant le chloroforme, le n-heptane, dichlorométhane. Les solvants organiques classiquement utilisés en NPLC, bien que performants, soulèvent aussi de nombreux problèmes liés à leur toxicité pour l'homme et l'environnement, leur volatilité, ou encore leur origine quand ils sont issus des hydrocarbures fossiles. Une des voies envisagée est la substitution de ces solvants par des solvants alternatifs, tels ceux proposés par les différents acteurs de la chimie verte. L'intérêt suscité par ces solvants est prometteur en termes de réduction de l'utilisation de solvants avec un impact significatif sur l'environnement. Les propriétés de la chromatographie en phase dioxyde de carbone supercritique sont semblables à la NPLC et offrent également une alternative verte à cette méthode. Ce travail a mis en évidence que des méthodes de séparation pourraient être développées avec des solvants alternatifs au n-heptane, au méthanol et au chloroforme. Leur utilisation est compatible avec la chromatographie liquide et la chromatographie supercritique et offre une meilleure sélectivité en termes de séparation des classes de lipides. La compatibilité de solvants alternatifs avec ELSD et la spectrométrie de masse a également été évaluée, ce qui a montré que l'absence de pureté suffisante pourrait être un problème. Cependant, ce problème a également été observé avec l'utilisation de solvants commerciaux, qui présentaient des impuretés telles que des acides gras, des polymères et des antioxydantsGreen analytical chemistry development represents one of the main issues of the 21th century. Many investigators in analytical chemistry are actually involved in the development of well-established analytical methods that prevent irreversible damage to humans and environment. In the domain of lipid analysis, structural diversity as well as difference in solubility of these compounds is leading to work with a very large polarity range to separate lipids by classes. The normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) allows realising the elution of compounds in order of increasing polarity. The solubilisation of lipid classes requires the use of a mixture of several solvents, among them chloroform, n-heptane, dichloromethane. Moreover, organic solvents traditionally used in NPLC, although well performing are raising different problems due to their original source, i.e. fossil hydrocarbons, volatility and toxicity for humans and environment. One of the ways to avoid such solvents is the substitution with alternative solvents, as proposed by various players in green chemistry. The interest raised by these solvents, is promising in terms of reduction of solvent use with a significant environmental impact. The properties of supercritical fluid chromatography using CO₂ are similar to NPLC and also offer a green alternative to this method. This work has highlighted that separation methods could be developed with alternative solvents to n-heptane, methanol and chloroform. Their use is compatible with liquid and supercritical chromatography and offer better selectivity in terms of separation of lipid classes. The compatibility of alternative solvents with ELSD and mass spectrometry was also evaluated, which showed that the unavailability of sufficient purity could be an issue. However, this problem was also observed with the use of commercial solvents, which presented impurities such as fatty acids, polymers and antioxidants
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Denarnaud, Eugénie. "Le jardin « porte-paysage » : Rencontre des urbanités dans le détroit de Gibraltar (Tanger, Maroc)." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0013.
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Cette thèse s’attache à questionner le rôle d’un jardin informel, fortement porteur de sens, dans la compréhension de la relation au paysage des Tangérois. Ce jardin interstitiel œuvrerait, non comme un espace simplement récréatif et décoratif, mais comme un talisman paysager. L’objet de la recherche est l’étude de jardins vernaculaires, nés dans un phénomène urbain massif, initié en l’an 2000. Une étude critique du paysage local, menée par l’observation ethnobotanique, géographique et paysagère d’actions jardinières potentiellement coercitives, est conduite dans le contexte actuel de planification urbaine. À certains égards, les Tangérois sont des marcheurs, des arpenteurs, des connaisseurs de leur environnement. Ils tirent une interaction positive avec leur milieu dans un contexte métropolitain : connaissance des fleurs ; des résines ; des abeilles ; des animaux sauvages ; des phénomènes météorologiques et géologiques. Autant d’éléments hétérogènes qui entrent dans ce qu’on peut nommer le paysage. Cette particularité tangéroise a permis d’explorer le fait urbain sous deux angles. D’abord celui de la cité séculaire sans cesse réinventée dans son territoire. Puis, celui de la ville comme reflet contemporain de la modernité. La question plus globale qui sous-tend cette recherche est : de quelle façon le jardin induit-il une relation au paysage ? De quelle manière la recherche portée sur une figure achétypale du jardin, permet-elle de comprendre une relation étendue à la nature et au grand territoire ? Les statuts informels et interstitiels des espaces observés, font qu’ils sont des lieux de marges, de frontières, qui sont précisément des espaces de transformation et d’accueil de l’altérité, et non des lieux de la séparation. Le corps de la recherche est centré sur la question suivante. Comment est-ce que l’invisible, l’ordinaire, « l’a-spectaculaire » est-il porteur d’une forme de réinvention de relation au monde ? Comment est-ce que, retisser des histoires de jardins et de jardiniers, permet-il de concevoir un mode de relation à la terre, qui ouvre sur d’autres liens possibles au vivant ? Comment le caractère hybride de ces espaces, conduit-il les jardiniers et ceux qui sont en contact avec leurs savoir-faire, à composer avec l’instabilité du monde contemporain et à s’insérer dans l’expansion métropolitaine de la ville ? Par un ensemble d’actions, une gamme de modes relationnels au paysage s’est révélée dans l’étude. La double temporalité du jardin de pied d’immeuble s’éclaire dans ce contexte. Il est à la fois, quelque chose de proprement contemporain, lié à un exode rural et à une culture paysanne proche ; et, dans une certaine mesure, un des préalables à l’édification urbaine, un « porte-chance » pour les nouveaux arrivants. En cela, le jardin est le lieu d’une continuité culturelle et le lieu d’un investissement des communautés, dans la construction de la ville. L’enquête ethnographique et l’importance octroyée à l’arpentage de terrain, permet d’entrevoir un renouvellement de l’approche méthodologique en sciences du paysage. En quoi est-ce que la méthode de lecture du paysage est-elle infléchie par le terrain ? De quelle manière transforme-t-il celui qui y évolue ? Le faisceau d’éléments hétérogènes glanés dans l’étude, constitue une sémantique du lieu, par des effets de juxtaposition et de rapprochement a posteriori. Le pistage d’indices et la capture de fragments, font partie des outils principaux du terrain. Herbier, photographie, cartographie entrent dans cette collecte documentaire qui constitue un exsiccata dont la thèse se veut être le lieu de formulation et de traductionThe thesis seeks to question the role of an informal garden, one that strongly conveys meaning, in understanding the relationship to the landscape of the people of Tangier. This interstitial garden would be not simply a recreational and decorative space, but also a landscape talisman. The object of the research is the study of vernacular gardens, sprung from a major urban phenomenon, initiated in the year 2000. A critical study of the local landscape, carried out through ethnobotanical, geographical and landscape observation of potentially coercive garden actions, is conducted in the current context of urban planning. In a way, the people of Tangier are walkers, surveyors, specialists of their environment. They derive a positive interaction with their surroundings in a metropolitan context: knowledge of flowers; resins; bees; wild animals; meteorological and geological phenomena. These are all heterogeneous elements that make up what can be called the landscape. This peculiarity of Tangier has allowed us to explore the urban fact from two angles. Firstly that of the secular city constantly reinvented in its territory. Then, that of the city as a contemporary reflection of modernity. The more global question underlying this research is: how does the garden induce a relationship with the landscape? In what way does the research carried out on an achetypal figure of the garden allow us to understand an extended relation to nature and the great territory? The informal and interstitial statuses of the spaces observed make them places of margins, of frontiers, which are precisely spaces of transformation and reception of otherness and not places of separation. The body of research is centred on the following question. How does the invisible, the ordinary, the "aspectacular" carry a form of reinvention of relation to the world? How does reweaving stories of gardens and gardeners allow us to conceive of a mode of relation to the earth that opens up other possible links to the living? How does the hybrid character of these spaces lead gardeners and those who are in contact with their skills, to deal with the instability of the contemporary world and to fit into the metropolitan expansion of the city? Through a series of actions, a range of modes of relations to the landscape is revealed in the study. The double temporality of the garden at the foot of a building is highlighted in this context. It is at the same time, something very much contemporary, linked to a rural exodus and a nearby peasant culture; and, to a certain extent, one of the prerequisites for urban construction, a "lucky charm" for newcomers. In this sense, the garden is the place of cultural continuity as well as a place for communities to participate in the construction or development of the city. The ethnographic survey and the importance given to land investigation, enables to envisage a new methodological approach to landscape sciences. In what way the method of reading the landscape is influenced by the characteristics of the site itself? In what way does it transform the person who evolves in it? The bundle of heterogeneous elements gleaned in the study, constitutes a semantics of the place, through effects of juxtaposition and a posteriori approximation. The tracking of clues and the capture of fragments are among the main tools of the field. Herbarium, photography and cartography are part of this documentary collection which constitutes an exsiccata whose thesis is intended to be the place of formulation and translation
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Luz, Lia Hecker. "O renascimento do parto e da (reinven??o da) emancipa??o social na blogosfera brasileira: contra o desperd?cio das experi?ncias." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13847.
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The birth models of care are discussed, in the light of classical and contemporary social science theoretical background, emphasizing the humanistic model. The double spiral of the sociology of absences and the sociology of emergences is detailed, being based, on one hand, on the translation of experiences of knowledge, and, on the other, on the translation of experiences of information and communication, by revealing the movement articulated by Brazilian women on blogs that defend and bring into light initiatives aiming to recover natural and humanized birth. A cartography of the thematic ideas in birth literature is produced, resulting in the elaboration of a synthetic map on obstetric models of care in contemporaneity, pointing out the consequences of the obstetric model that has become hegemonic in contemporary societies, and comparing that model to others that work more efficaciously to mothers and babies. A symbolic cartography of the activism for humanizing birth on the Brazilian blogosphere is configured by the elaboration of an analytical map synthetizing the main mottos defended by the movement: Normal humanized birth; Against obstetrical violence; and Planned home birth. The superposition of the obstetric models of care s map and the rebirth of birth s analytical map indicates it is necessary to reinforce three main measures in order to make a paradigmatic turn in contemporary birth models of care possible: pave the way for the humanistic care of assistance in normal birth, by defending and highlighting practices and professionals that act in compliance with evidence based medicine, respecting the physiology of birth; denaturalize obstetric violence, by showing how routine procedures and interventions can be means of aggression, jeopardizing the autonomy, the protagonism and the respect towards women; and motivate initiatives of planned home birth, the best place for the occurrence of holistic experiences of birth. It is concluded that Internet tools have allowed a pioneer mobilization in respecting women s reproductive rights in Brazil and that the potential of the crowd s biopower that resides on the blogosphere can turn blogs into a hegemonic alternative way to reach more democratic forms of social organization. In that condition of being virtually hegemonic in contesting the established power, these blogs can be understood, therefore, as potentially great contra-hegemonic channels for the rebirth of birth and for the reinvention of social emancipation, as their author s articulate and organize themselves to strive against the waste of experience, trying to create reciprocal intelligibility amongst different experiences of world
Discute-se, ? luz de referenciais te?ricos cl?ssicos e contempor?neos das ci?ncias sociais, os modelos de assist?ncia ao parto, pondo em relevo o parto humanizado. Particularizam-se os referentes da dupla espiral da sociologia das aus?ncias e da sociologia das emerg?ncias, assente, de um lado, na tradu??o de experi?ncias de conhecimentos, e de outro, na tradu??o de experi?ncias de comunica??o e informa??o, ao mostrar o movimento que se articula entre mulheres brasileiras em blogs que defendem e d?o visibilidade a iniciativas de recupera??o do parto natural e humanizado. Realiza-se uma cartografia das ideias tem?ticas presentes na literatura sobre o parto, resultando na elabora??o de mapa s?ntese dos modelos de assist?ncia obst?trica na contemporaneidade, apontando-se as consequ?ncias do modelo que se tornou hegem?nico nas sociedades contempor?neas e contrapondo-o a outras abordagens de aten??o ao nascimento que funcionam mais eficazmente para m?es e beb?s. Configura-se uma cartografia simb?lica do ativismo pela humaniza??o do parto na blogosfera brasileira, mediante elabora??o de mapa anal?tico com s?ntese das principais bandeiras defendidas pelo movimento: Parto normal humanizado; Contra a viol?ncia obst?trica; e Parto Domiciliar Planejado (PDP). A sobreposi??o do mapa com os modelos de assist?ncia obst?trica e do mapa anal?tico do renascimento do parto aponta ser necess?rio refor?ar tr?s medidas principais para possibilitar uma virada paradigm?tica na assist?ncia ao parto na contemporaneidade: pavimentar o caminho para a assist?ncia humanizada ao parto normal, ao defender e dar visibilidade a pr?ticas e a profissionais que atuam de acordo com a medicina baseada em evid?ncias, respeitando a fisiologia do parto; desnaturalizar a viol?ncia obst?trica, ao mostrar como procedimentos e interven??es de rotina s?o formas de agress?es que colocam em xeque a autonomia, o protagonismo e o respeito ? mulher; e incentivar iniciativas de parto domiciliar planejado, local mais vi?vel para ocorr?ncia das experi?ncias hol?sticas de nascimento. Conclui-se que as ferramentas da Internet t?m permitido uma mobiliza??o in?dita em prol do respeito aos direitos reprodutivos das mulheres no Brasil e que o potencial de biopot?ncia da multid?o que reside na blogosfera pode tornar tais canais em hegem?nicos enquanto vias alternativas para alcan?ar formas mais democr?ticas de organiza??o social. Nessa condi??o de virtualmente hegem?nicos na contesta??o do poder estabelecido, os blogs configuram-se, assim, em canais com grande potencial contra-hegem?nico para o renascimento do parto e a reinven??o da emancipa??o social, na medida em que suas autoras se articulam e se organizam para combater o desperd?cio das experi?ncias, buscando criar inteligibilidade rec?proca entre diferentes experi?ncias de mundo
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Douaud, Marine. "Identification et caractérisation de la mutation responsable de l'épilepsie photosensible chez la poule." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30258.
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L’épilepsie réflexe photosensible est provoquée par l’association de la sensibilité génétique ou idiopathique des individus, appelée photosensibilité, et de stimuli lumineux (télévision, jeux vidéo…). A ce jour, aucun gène n’a été identifié chez l’homme comme étant responsable de la photosensibilité génétique. La lignée Fepi, un modèle génétique poulet qui présente une prédisposition à ce type d’épilepsie, a été utilisée dans un pedigree expérimental dédié de type backcross, qui a permis de localiser la mutation epi sur le microchromosome GGA25. L’objectif de ma thèse était d'identifier, puis de caractériser la mutation responsable de l’épilepsie photosensible du modèle poulet. Pour cela, j’ai d’abord construit la carte génétique de GGA25 et participé à la construction de la carte d’hybrides irradiés près de la mutation epi. En parallèle, j’ai participé à la construction de la carte génétique à haute résolution qui a permis de restreindre la localisation de la mutation dans un intervalle de 6,6 cM, comportant un gène candidat : SV2A (Synaptic Vesicle glycoprotein 2A), puis dans un intervalle final de 0,5 cM à l’intérieur du gène. J’ai également pu montrer que le phénotype épileptique était associé à une diminution significative de l’expression du gène SV2A chez les poulets épileptiques. Le séquençage de la région codante du gène m’a ensuite permis de mettre en évidence un épissage aberrant de l’exon 3 survenant spécifiquement chez les individus épileptiques. Enfin, j’ai pu identifier une mutation survenant dans le site accepteur de l’intron 2 pouvant expliquer l’épissage aberrantPhotosensitive reflex epilepsy is caused by the combination of individual sensitivity, either genetic or idiopathic, with light stimuli (television, video games. . . ). To date, no gene responsible for the genetic photosensitivity has been identified in human. The chicken strain Fepi, with genetic predisposition to photosensitive epilepsy, was used in a dedicated experimental backcross pedigree, allowing the mapping of the epi mutation on microchromosome GGA25. The objective of my thesis was to identify and characterize the mutation causing photosensitive epilepsy in chicken. To this end, I first built a genetic map of GGA25 and participated in the construction of the radiation hybrid map surrounding the epi mutation. In parallel, I participated in the construction of a high resolution genetic map, restricting the location of the mutation to a first 6. 6 cM interval containing a candidate gene: SV2A (Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A), and thereafter to a final interval of 0. 5 cM within the gene. I was also able to show that the epileptic phenotype was associated with a significant decrease in the expression level of SV2A in epileptic chicken. Sequencing the coding region of the gene allowed me to identify an aberrant splicing of exon 3, occuring specifically in epileptic individuals. Finally, I identified a mutation in the acceptor site of intron 2 that could be responsible for the aberrant splicing
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Diniz, Émerson Andrade. "Avaliação de produtos aerofotogramétricos alternativos com câmaras digitais não métricas de pequeno formato em voo apoiado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-30092016-141545/.
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Os produtos cartográficos gerados pelo processo de Aerolevantamento são uma importante ferramenta de análise e tomada de decisões na engenharia moderna. Por outro lado a crescente demanda de projetos está levando pesquisadores a buscarem meios mais rápidos, econômicos e eficientes para obter bons produtos. Dessa maneira, vem surgindo novos equipamentos e produtos nessa área. Paralelamente, com o advento do posicionamento por satélite é possível um maior controle da qualidade cartográfica e a verificação da eficácia desses novos produtos. O presente estudo analisa diferentes tecnologias associadas ao uso da câmara digital não métrica de pequeno formato, como a HASSELBLAD H4D-31, com a utilização do Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso associado a um sistema inercial com e sem a utilização de uma base de referência (voo não apoiado), para a elaboração de ortofotos e cartas. Com relação à precisão geométrica e atendimento do padrão brasileiro de qualidade foram testadas comparativamente essas e outras alternativas, contando com dados da RBMC e apoio suplementar de campo. O produto resultante foi analisado também quanto à eficácia no que se diz respeito à boa qualidade da imagem com a identificação dos objetos em campo para utilização em projetos de engenharia. Ao final pode-se dizer que o produto foi validado, quanto à qualidade informativa e quanto à precisão necessária, atingindo o PEC classe A, para a escala 1:2.000. Ou seja, esse produto é uma alternativa viável tecnicamente e de menor custo, para aplicações como as apresentadas no presente trabalho.The cartographic products generated by Aerial Survey process is an important tool for analysis and decision in modern engineering. On the other way the growing demand for projects is leading researchers to seek ways more faster, economical and efficient to get good products. In this way, are emerging new equipments and products in this area. At the same time, with the advent of satellite positioning it is possible greater control of cartographic quality and checking the effectiveness of these new products. This study analyzes different technologies associated with the use of the digital camera not metric of small-format, as the Hasselblad H4D-31, using the Positioning Precise Point associated with an inertial system without the use of a reference base (flight not supported ), for the development of orthophotos and maps. Regarding the geometric precision and care of the Brazilian standard of quality we were tested compared these and other alternatives, with data RBMC and additional support field. The resulting product was analyzed as well as the effectiveness as it relates to the quality of the image with the identification of field objects for use in engineering projects. At the end it can be said that the product was validated information as to quality and as to the necessary precision, reaching the PEC class A, to 1: 2000. That is, this product is a technically feasible and low-cost alternative for applications such as those presented in this work.
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Inwoley, Kokou André. "Stratégie vaccinale et diagnostic du VIH dans les pays à ressources limitées : éctude de la réponse TCD8 anti-VIH croisée et évaluation de techniques alternatives de diagnostic des personnes vivant avec le VIH en Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077107.
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Les objectifs de notre étude étaient d'évaluer la stratégie vaccinale basée sur les réactions TCD8 anti-VIH croisées ainsi que des techniques alternatives de diagnostic biologique du VIH. Nous avons analysé par Elispot IFN-γ, les réponses TCD8 contre 105 épitopes du VIH-1 clade B (regroupés en pool) chez des patients ivoiriens. Ces derniers ont reconnus autant de pool de peptides que les patients français (témoins). 82% (36/44) des patients ivoiriens majoritairement infectés par le VIH-1 CRF02 avaient des lymphocytes TCD8 reconnaissant au moins un pool de peptides VIH sous-types B et les pools Nef et Gag ont été reconnus respectivement par 70% (31/44) et 57% (25/44) des patients. Les régions contenant les épitopes fréquemment reconnues étaient Gag18-132, Gag162-268 et Nef68-145. Les phénotypes HLA prédominant étaient HLA A19 (32,5%), HLA A2 (16%), HLA B5 (17,5%) et HLA B17 (14%). Il y avait peu de variation au niveau des zones immunodominantes des régions Gag et Nef. Deux tests rapides pour le dépistage du VIH (Détermine® et Génie II®), la technique Dynabeads® pour la mesure du taux de lymphocytes TCD4 et la technique RT-PCR en temps réel TaqMan pour la détermination de la charge virale ont été évalués contre des techniques de référence. Ces évaluations réalisées en Côte d'Ivoire ont permis de montrer les bonnes performances techniques de ces méthodes alternatives qui ont l'avantage d'être moins coûteuses. Cette étude montre la pertinence de la stratégie vaccinale basée sur les réactions croisées. Les tests alternatifs peuvent être utilisés dans les pays à ressources limitées pour le suivi des malades et pour la sélection de volontaires d'essais vaccinauxThis study was conducted to assess cross-clade reaction vaccine strategy and evaluate low cost technology for diagnosis of HIV-infected people living in Côte d'Ivoire. We used Elispot IFN-γ to analyse CTL response of Ivorian infected by HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG against 105 HIV-1 clade B epitopes. 82% (36/44) of the patients had CD8+ T-cell responses against at least one pool Nef and Gag pools were recognized by 70% (31/44) and 57% (25/44) of the patients respectively. The main regions recognized were Gag18-132, Gag162-268 and Nef68-145. For HLA distribution the more frequent phenotype were HLA A19 (32,5%), HLA A2 (16%), HLA B5 (17,5%) and HLA B17 (14%). Séquence analysis revealed very few variations in Nef and Gag immunodominant regions. Two rapid tests for HIV screening (Détermine® of Abbott and Génie II® of Biorad), Dynabeads® of Dynal for CD4 determination and TaqMan real time RT-PCR for HIV RNA viral load testing were evaluated against référence tests : EIA, flow cytometry and commercial tests (Versant® of BAYER and Monitor® of ROCHE) respectively. These evaluations made in Côte d'Ivoire showed hight performance of these low cost technologies. Our results showed that a HIV vaccin strategy can be based on croos-clade. Low cost technologies can be used in laboratories of resources limited countries for monitoring HIV-infected people and also to select and monitoring volunteer for HIV vaccine trial
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Noordhuis-Fairfax, Sarina. "Field | Guide: John Berger and the diagrammatic exploration of place." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154278.
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Positioned between writing and drawing, the diagram is proposed by John Berger as an alternative strategy for articulating encounters with landscape. A diagrammatic approach offers a schematic vocabulary that can compress time and offer a spatial reading of information. Situated within the contemporary field of direct data visualisation, my practice-led research interprets Berger’s ‘Field’ essay as a guide to producing four field | studies within a suburban park in Canberra. My seasonal investigations demonstrate how applying the conventions of the pictorial list, dot-distribution map, routing diagram and colour-wheel reveals subtle ecological and biographical narratives.
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Klammer, Ralf. "Alternative Analysemöglichkeiten geographischer Daten in der Kartographie mittels Self-Organizing Maps." Thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25430.
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Die Kartographie ist eine Wissenschaft, die in ihrem Charakter starke interdisziplinäre Züge aufweist. Sie zeigt sich in den verschiedensten Facetten und wird darum in den unterschiedlichsten Wissenschaften angewandt. Markantester Charakter ist, schon per Definition, die Modellierung von geowissenschaftlichen Ereignissen und Sachverhalten. „A unique facility for the creation and manipulation of visual or virtual representations of geospace – maps – to permit the exploration, analysis, understanding and communication of information about that space.“(ICA 2003) Aus dieser Definition wird die Charakteristik einer Kommunikationswissenschaft (Brassel) deutlich. Gerade seit dem Paradigmenwechsel der 1970er Jahre fließen zahlreiche weitere Aspekte wie Informatik, Semiotik und Psychologie in das Verständnis von Kartographie ein. Dadurch wird die Karte nicht mehr als reines graphisches Mittel verstanden, sondern als Träger und Übermittler von Informationen verstanden. Der Kartennutzer und dessen Verständnis von Karten rücken dabei immer weiter in den Vordergrund und werden „Ziel“ der kartographischen Verarbeitung. Aus diesem Verständnis heraus, möchte ich in der folgenden Arbeit einen relativ neuen Einfluss und Aspekt der Kartographie vorstellen. Es handelt sich um das Modell der Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), welches erstmalig Anfang der 1980er Jahre von Teuvo Kohonen vorgestellt wurde und deshalb auch, von einigen Autoren, als Kohonenmaps bezeichnet wird. Dem Typus nach, handelt es sich dabei um künstliche neuronale Netze, welche dem Nervensystem des menschlichen Gehirns nachempfunden sind und damit allgemein als eine Art selbständiger, maschineller Lernvorgang angesehen werden können. Im Speziellen sind Self-Organizing Maps ein unüberwachtes Lernverfahren, das in der Lage ist völlig unbekannte Eingabewerte zu erkennen und zu verarbeiten. Durch diese Eigenschaft eignen sie sich als optimales Werkzeug für Data Mining sowie zur Visualisierung von hochdimensionalen Daten. Eine Vielzahl von Wissenschaftlern hat diesen Vorteil bereits erkannt und das Modell in ihre Arbeit einbezogen oder auf dessen Verwendbarkeit analysiert. Deshalb möchte in dieser Arbeit, einige dieser Verwendungsmöglichkeiten und den daraus resultierenden Vorteil für die Kartographie aufzeigen.:1.) Einleitung ...........................................................................................2
2.) Aufbau und Funktionsweise von SOM ............................................ 5
2.1.) Was sind Self-Organizing Maps? ................................................5
2.2.) Funktionsweise ............................................................................7
2.3.) Visualisierung des trainierten Kohonen-Netz .......................... 11
2.4.) Software ..................................................................................... 12
3. Möglichkeiten für die Kartographie................................................ 14
3.1 Geowissenschaftliches Data Mining ........................................... 15
3.2 Visualisierung von Daten............................................................. 17
4. explorative Datenanalyse geographischer Daten .......................... 19
4.1 SOM als Geovisualisierung .......................................................... 19
4.1.1 U-Matrix-Darstellung .............................................................22
4.1.2 Projektionen (Netzdarstellungen) ........................................26
4.1.3 2D & 3D-Plots .........................................................................28
4.1.4 Komponentenebenen ...........................................................29
4.2 Geo-SOM & andere Möglichkeiten zur Verarbeitung von
geowissenschaftlichen Daten ................................................... 32
4.2.1 Hierarchische SOMs ...............................................................33
4.2.2 Geo-enforced SOM ................................................................34
4.2.3 Geo-SOM ................................................................................35
4.3 SOM & GIS .................................................................................... 38
5. Datenverarbeitende Anwendungen ............................................... 40
5.1 Klassifizierung von Fernerkundungsdaten................................. 40
5.2 Kantendetektion in Satellitenbildern......................................... 43
5.3 Auswertung von Zeitreihen & Monitoring................................. 47
5.4 Klassifikation von SAR-Daten...................................................... 49
5.5 Generalisierung............................................................................ 50
5.6 Problem des Handlungsreisenden (Travelling Salesman
Problem)..................................................................................... 52
6. SOM als Kartenmetapher zur Visualisierung nicht-geographischer
Daten .............................................................................................. 54
7. Zusammenfassung............................................................................ 62
X. Quellenverzeichnis ........................................................................... 63
X.I Literaturnachweise ....................................................................... 63
X.II Lehrinhalte aus dem Internet ..................................................... 69
X.III Softwarelösungen ...................................................................... 69
Books on the topic "Alternative cartography"
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1976-, Craenenbroeck Jeroen van, ed. Alternatives to cartography. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009.
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McDuie-Ra, Duncan. Skateboarding and Urban Landscapes in Asia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723138.
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As urban development in Asia has accelerated, cities in the region have become central to skateboarding culture, livelihoods, and consumption. Asia's urban landscapes are desired for their endless supply of 'spots'. Spots are not built for skateboarding; they are accidents of urban planning and commercial activity; glitches in the urban machine. Skateboarders and filmers chase these spots to make skate video, skateboarding's primary cultural artefact. Once captured, skate video circulates rapidly through digital platforms to millions of viewers, enrolling spots from Shenzhen to Ramallah into an alternative cartography of Asia. This book explores this way of desiring and consuming urban Asia, and the implications for relational and comparative hierarchies of urban development.
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The sociology of medical screening: Critical perspectives, new directions. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
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Gillings, Mark, Gary Lock, and Piraye Hacıgüzeller. Re-Mapping Archaeology: Critical Perspectives, Alternative Mappings. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Gillings, Mark, Gary Lock, and Piraye Hacıgüzeller. Re-Mapping Archaeology: Critical Perspectives, Alternative Mappings. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Mapping It Out: An Alternative Atlas of Contemporary Cartographies. Thames & Hudson, 2014.
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Gibson, Catherine. Geographies of Nationhood. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844323.001.0001.
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Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a form of visual and material culture that gave expression to territorialised visions of nationhood. In the Russian Empire’s Baltic provinces, the development of ethnographic cartography, as part of the broader field of statistical data visualisation, progressively became a tool that lent legitimacy and an experiential dimension to nationalist arguments, as well as a wide range of alternative spatial configurations that rendered the inhabitants of the Baltic as part of local, imperial, and global geographies. The book argues that map production and the spread of cartographic literacy as a mass phenomenon in Baltic society transformed how people made sense of linguistic, ethnic, and religious similarities and differences by imbuing them with an alleged scientific objectivity that was later used to determine the political structuring of the Baltic region and beyond. The book treads new ground by expanding the focus beyond elites to include a diverse range of mapmakers, such as local bureaucrats, commercial enterprises, clergymen, family members, teachers, and landowners. It shifts the focus from imperial learned and military institutions to examine the proliferation of mapmaking across diverse sites in the Russian Empire, including the provincial administration, local learned societies, private homes, and schools. Understanding ethnographic maps in the social context of their production, circulation, consumption, and reception is crucial for assessing their impact as powerful shapers of popular geographical conceptions of nationhood, state-building, and border-drawing.
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Chatterjee, Shibashis. India's Spatial Imaginations of South Asia. Edited by Sumit Ganguly and E. Sridharan. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489886.001.0001.
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Since India attained independence, its foreign policy discourse has imagined its South Asian neighbourhood through the politics of realism. This imagination explicates state interest in South Asia by establishing it as a space of sovereign territoriality. Even today, India’s foreign and security policies are primarily shaped by geopolitical centrism, and remain unaffected by economic prosperity and community concerns. As a part of the Oxford International Relations in South Asia series, this volume examines alternative conceptions of South Asian space in terms of geo-economics and community, and justifies why they have been unable to replace its dominant understanding, irrespective of the political regime. This volume probes reasons behind the relevance of differentiated cartography of territorial nationalism in our shared understanding of space, politics, society, and the community.
Book chapters on the topic "Alternative cartography"
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Furby, S. L., and X. Wu. "Evaluation of Alternative Sensors for a Landsat-Based Monitoring Program." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 75–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93962-7_7.
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Althuwaynee, Omar F., and Biswajeet Pradhan. "An Alternative Technique for Landslide Inventory Modeling Based on Spatial Pattern Characterization." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 35–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03644-1_3.
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Lorenz, Alexandra, Cornelia Thierbach, Nina Baur, and Thomas H. Kolbe. "App-Free Zone: Paper Maps as Alternative to Electronic Indoor Navigation Aids and Their Empirical Evaluation with Large User Bases." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 319–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34203-5_18.
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Lorenz, Alexandra, Cornelia Thierbach, Nina Baur, and Thomas H. Kolbe. "Erratum to: App-Free Zone: Paper Maps as Alternative to Electronic Indoor Navigation Aids and Their Empirical Evaluation with Large User Bases." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, E1—E2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34203-5_27.
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Reitz, Talitta. "Back to the Drawing Board: Creative Mapping Methods for Inclusion and Connection." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 323–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_11.
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AbstractThe most well-known representation of the globe, the Mercator Projection, often provokes surprise for its considerable distortions: despite appearances, Greenland is almost five times smaller than Canada, and Russia is, in fact, approximately half the size it appears. Since the oldest civilizations, maps have relied on shifting knowledges to become more accurate and efficient, a process accelerated with science and technological development. But the unrealistic proportions of the Mercator map point to a critical reflection: maps show no absolute truths, nor are they neutral. Maps tell stories; they represent ideas as much as spaces, and exactitude is no synonym for neutrality. On the contrary, mapping is a cultural and political act. In the 1990s, geographers started to defy the power relationships of mapmaking with critical cartography. This critique, strongly supported by activists, opened new debates and representational possibilities in which scientific principles started to matter less than social and environmental justice, political participation, and storytelling. Within this framework, this chapter reflects on two alternative mapping methods used in the humanities and social sciences: social cartography and deep mapping. Each section introduces origins, theoretical frameworks, reception, and applications. Because these methods aim to rectify the abuse of power often enabled by scientific mapping, they use non-prescriptive mapmaking to legitimize neglected perspectives. Social Cartography is intrinsically participatory and uses mapping as a collaborative and critical practice. It challenges the role of traditional cartography in socio-political spheres, creating opportunities for new narratives and communities to be heard and understood. Deep maps represent abstract characteristics of a place. They can transcend the boundaries of bi-dimensional and pictorial representation, and consequently, reach different publics. The method is flexible, combining literature and immersive experiences to convey personal or subjective qualities of a place. Other expressions of deep mapping include audio and performative documentations. Social cartography and deep mapping operate against traditional mapmaking by reinforcing the notion that non-institutionalized maps are just as valid in guiding public actions and projects. As participatory practices within communities, these methods promote dialogue, empowerment, and transformation. Therefore, they are indispensable in ensuring democratic research and decision-making.
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van Craenenbroeck, Jeroen. "Alternatives to cartography: an introduction." In Alternatives to Cartography, 1–14. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110217124.1.
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Emgård, Ludvig, and Sisi Zlatanova. "Implementation alternatives for an integrated 3D Information Model." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 313–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72135-2_17.
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Bulbul, Rizwan, and Andrew U. Frank. "Intersection of Nonconvex Polygons Using the Alternate Hierarchical Decomposition." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 1–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12326-9_1.
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O’Connell, Jared, and Peter Caccetta. "Testing of Alternate Classification Procedures Within an Operational, Satellite Based, Forest Monitoring System." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 121–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93962-7_10.
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Humphris, Imogen, Lummina G. Horlings, and Iain Biggs. "‘Getting Deep into Things’: Deep Mapping in a ‘Vacant’ Landscape." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 357–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_12.
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AbstractAreas in cities typically denoted as ‘Vacant and Derelict Land’ are frequently presented in policy documents as absent of meaning and awaiting development. However, visits to many of these sites offer evidence of abundant citizen activity occurring outside of planning policy. Dog walkers, DIY skatepark builders, pigeon fanciers and reminiscing former factory workers, for example, can all be found inscribing their own narratives, in palimpsest like fashion, upon these landscapes. This spatio-temporally bound and layered mix of contested meanings extend beyond representational capacity offered by traditional cartographic methods as employed in policy decision-making. Such a failure to represent these ecologies of citizen-led practices often results in their erasure at the point of formal redevelopment. In this chapter, we explore how one alternative approach may respond to these challenges of representation through a case study project in Glasgow, Scotland. Deep mapping is an ethnographically informed, arts research practice, drawing Cifford Geertz’s notion of ‘thick description’ into a visual-performative realm and seeking to extend beyond the thin map by creating multifaceted and open-ended descriptions of place. As such, deep maps are not only investigations into place but of equal concern are the processes by which representations of place are generated. Implicit in this are questions about the role of the researcher as initiator, gatherer, archivist or artist and the intertwining between the place and the self. As a methodological approach that embraces multiplicity and favours the ‘politicized, passionate, and partisan’ over the totalizing objectivity of traditional maps, deep mapping offers a potential to give voice to marginalized, micro-narratives existing in tension with one another and within dominant meta-narratives but also triggers new questions over inclusivity. This methodologically focused chapter explores the ways in which an ethnographically informed, arts research practice may offer alternative insight into spaces of non-aligned narratives. The results from this investigation will offer new framings of spaces within the urban landscape conventionally represented as vacant or empty and generate perspectives on how art research methods may provide valuable investigative tools for decision-makers working in such contexts. The deep mapping work is available to view at http://www.govandeepmap.com.
Conference papers on the topic "Alternative cartography"
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Abidin, Mior Zainal. "Analysis Of Alternative Trade Route Based On Earliest Cartography And Textual Data." In AIMC 2017 - Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.05.43.
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Golobic, Mojca. "Simulation Model of Regional and Urban Development Impacts: An Approach for Transparent and Communicative LILRW Disposal Siting Process." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1253.
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Abstract In most of the failed nuclear objects sitting processes the main barriers were not the technical or safety questions, but the problem of communication and reaching the public acceptance about decision. The paper presents one of the possible approaches that could contribute to the more community sensitive, transparent, communicative and finally successful siting process. The computer-supported approach for assessment of LILRW disposal impacts on regional and urban development is one of several modules loosely connected to a spatial simulation model in GIS. The results are shown as cartographic representation of impacts on different land uses and a possible future land use pattern. This model will be used for evaluation of alternative sites from regional and urban development impact aspects and for negotiating compensation schemes for local communities. One of the very important findings of this work is that the modeling outcomes depend more on value assumptions, according to which the input parameters are chosen, than on accuracy of computations. Therefore any conclusion based on the model outcomes should be verified in a wide panel of experts, interest groups and also wider public.
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Guinda, Xabier, Araceli Puente, José A. Juanes, Francisco Royano, Felipe Fernández, Marco A. Vega, Andrés García, et al. "AMBEMAR-DSS: A Decision Support System for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Renewable Energies." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78002.
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The high energy demand and the threat of climate change have led to a remarkable development of renewable energies, initially through technologies applied to the terrestrial environment and, recently, through the awakening of marine renewable energies. However, the development of these types of projects is often hampered by failure to pass the corresponding environmental impact assessment process. The complexity of working in the marine environment and the uncertainties associated with assessing the impacts of such projects make it difficult to carry out objective and precise environmental impact assessments. AMBEMAR-DSS seeks to establish a basis for understanding and agreement between the different stakeholders (project developers, public administrations, environmental organizations and the public in general), in order to find solutions that allow the development of marine renewable energies, minimizing their environmental cost. For this purpose, a DSS is proposed which, based on cartographic information and using objective and quantifiable criteria, allows comparative assessments and analyses between different project alternatives. The analytical procedures used by the system include, among others, hydrodynamic modeling tools and visual impact simulators. In addition, impacts on marine species are assessed taking into account intrinsic ecological and biological aspects. The magnitude of the impacts is quantified by means of fuzzy logic operations and the integration of all the elements is carried out by an interactive multi-criteria analysis. The results are shown in tables, graphs and figures of easy interpretation and can be also visualized geographically by means of a cartographic viewer. The system identifies the main impacts generated in the different phases of the project and allows establishing adequate mitigation measures in search of optimized solutions. The establishment of the assessment criteria has been based on the abundant, but dispersed, scientific literature on the various elements of the system and having the opinion of experts in the various fields. Nevertheless, the DSS developed constitutes a preliminary basis on which to build and improve a system with the input of researchers, promoters and experts from different disciplines.
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Tanarro, Luis M., Jose Úbeda, Nuria De Andrés, José M. Fernández-Fernández, Javier De Marcos, Diana Ovaco, Jesús García, and David Palacios. "Design of three-dimensional cartographical didactic materials for Physical Geography teaching." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11195.
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Three-dimensional cartographic resources are an important tool in the teaching of Physical Geography and other Earth Sciences. They are also able to help the students to reach a better understanding of the natural landscape. The objective of this work is to design appropriate 3D didactic resources to facilitate the teaching of the landforms in the Higher Education context. These didactic materials have been prepared by using Geographic Information Technologies (GIT). These graphical materials have been created with specific GIT tools, but they can be used by teachers and students with standardized sotfware (Google Earth, Adobe Acrobat Reader or image viewers). Specifically, files with topographical and geological information have been prepared to work with Google Earth. The digital elevation models (DEM) can be viewed in three-dimensional files in 3D PDF format. This work also proposes the creation of photo-realistic images with thematic information draped with the DEM in isometric perspective. Finally, 3D models have been made from the application of photogrammetric techniques so that can be seen in stereoscopic mode as an alternative to the traditional techniques. In conclusion, all these 3D didactic materials proposed in this work showed a great potential as complementary resources in the teaching and learning of Physical Geography and other Earth Sciences.
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Makovníková, Jarmila, Stanislav Kološta, and Filip Flaška. "Hodnotenie schopnosti prírodného kapitálu poskytovať kultúrne ekosystémové služby v regiónoch SR." In XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-43.
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Recreation and tourism, as an important category of cultural ecosystem services, is an important part of the economy and, in addition to economic importance, also contributes to improving the quality of life, overall well-being and education. The assessment and evaluation of recreation and tourism is important in the case of both managed and natural ecosystems. The aim of the paper is to provide an alternative view of the assessment and evaluation of the potential of cultural ecosystem services with a focus on the category of recreation and tourism in four model regions of the Slovak Republic with diverse natural and geographical characteristics. In evaluating we used the cartographic layer of ecosystems in model regions and a modified matrix of ecosystem services. The results in the chosen regions indicated that the terrain fragmentation in combination with higher altitude and a larger area of forests and protected areas may represent significant factors influencing the area's potential to provide various benefits from recreation and tourism within cultural ecosystem services. The relationship between the logical assumption that the higher monetary potential for recreation and tourism within the cultural ecosystem services is represented in the region, the more intensively it is used, e.g. in the form of a larger number of visitors or overnight stays, has not been shown.
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Redondo Domínguez, Ernesto. "Intervenciones virtuales en un entorno urbano: la recuperación de la trama viaria del "call", barrio judío de Girona." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7556.
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El Call de Girona, su barrio judío, es uno de los conjuntos monumentales más importantes de Cataluña y por su nivel de conservación de toda Europa. Caracterizado por sus estrechas callejuelas, herederas de la trama romana de la Gerunda original, unido al resto del casco antiguo de la ciudad, se configuran como el centro histórico-urbano más importante de Cataluña. La creciente afluencia de turistas, junto con la sucesiva mejora y ordenación de las viviendas y edificios singulares que configuran el barrio, totalmente habitado y lleno de vida, está propiciando una serie de medidas urbanísticas para mejorar la accesibilidad al mismo a la vez que se consolida su uso residencial y de equipamientos, mediante una normativa de especial protección urbanística.
Por otra parte esta ciudad dispone de un extraordinario sistema de información geográfica, (UMAT) Unidad Municipal de Análisis Territorial, que permite disponer de toda la cartografía urbana de la misma e incluso de un modelo de reconstrucción cartográfica virtual desarrollada por un equipo de expertos bajo los auspicios del Ayuntamiento de Girona y el Museo de Historia de la Ciudad. Tomando como entorno esta zona e información, se propone el desarrollo de una investigación aplicada dentro del ámbito de la expresión gráfica arquitectónica, fundada primero en un trabajo de análisis y estudio de las fuentes bibliográficas, cartográficas e históricas en materia de desarrollo histórico-urbano de la zona y en segundo lugar, en un estudio de aplicación de las modernas técnicas de representación SBIM Sketch Based Interface and Modeling y la AR, Augmented Reality.
Fundiendo todos estos registros y campos de trabajo, se lanza la hipótesis de que es posible ampliar la traza de callejuelas actualmente existentes mediante la catalogación y levantamiento de dos nuevos callejones, que denominaremos 1, conocido antiguamente como el callejón “d’Hernandez” que proponemos renombrar como el de la Última Sinagoga y otro callejón, el nº 2 que llamaremos de “Les Dones”, recuperando una referencia histórica anterior, que hasta la fecha tan sólo estaban documentados como paso cerrado el 1 y sin pistas del 2, y que con nuestro trabajo de campo y aportación se ha visto que son perfectamente recuperables.
Esta recuperación se aborda en la investigación, mediante la simulación visual de los mismos usando las técnicas de SBIM y AR, antes citadas, de forma combinada y adaptadas a las especificidades del trabajo y habilidades de un arquitecto-urbanista, de manera que se desarrollan una serie de casos de estudio prácticos cuyo objetivo final es que un observador, situado ante la actual entrada tapiada del callejón, mediante un dispositivo tipo Tablet PC, conectado a una webcam y un programa de bajo coste, pueda hacerse una idea de cuál sería el aspecto de esa callejuela.
Esta estrategia de pre-visualización, ha de servir además para que el diseñador pueda plantear las posibles alternativas a su recuperación, no siempre evidentes si no evalúan sobre el lugar. En ese sentido y como arquitectos proponemos una solución arquitectónica en cada caso junto con el ensayo del uso de información sobre el terreno (UMAT) con el objetivo último de facilitar la accesibilidad a los diferentes monumentos y edificios patrimoniales del casco histórico de Girona.
Por otra parte como docentes de expresión gráfica arquitectónica, ensayamos nuevas estratégicas que permitan potenciar la creatividad. Por último, con nuestro trabajo aspiramos a facilitar a los investigadores informáticos datos y experiencias, que les permitan optimizar las nuevas herramientas y procesos, y a los arquitectos en general, darles a conocer las posibilidades actuales en materia de SBIM y AR. The Call of Girona, its Jewish quarter, is one of the most important monumental assemblies of Catalonia and by its level of conservation, from across Europe. It characterized by their narrow alleys, heirs of the Roman plot of the Gerunda original, along with the remainder of the old helmet of the city, they configure themselves as the most important historic-urban center of Catalonia.
The growing affluence of tourists, along with the successive improvement and ordering of the dwellings and singular buildings that configure the neighborhood, completely inhabited and full of life, is giving a series of urban development measures to improve the accessibility to the same one, at the same time that their residential use is consolidated and of equipment, by means of a regulation of special urban development protection. On the other hand this city has an extraordinary system of information online that permits to have all the urban cartography of the same one and even of a model of Virtual cartographic reconstruction developed by a team of experts under them you promote of the City Hall of Girona and the Museum of History of the City.
Taking as environment this zone and information, the development of an investigation applied inside the environment of the architectural graphic expression is proposed, founded first in a work of analysis and study of the bibliographical, cartographic and historic sources in matter of historic-urban development of the zone and in second place, in a study of application of the modern techniques of representation SBIM Sketch Based Interface and Modeling and the Augmented Reality. Melting all these registrations and fields of work, the hypothesis is thrown that is possible to expand the plan of at present existing alleys by means of the cataloguing and lifting of two new alleys, that will call 1, or "d' Hernandez", that we propose to rename as that of the Last Synagogue and 2, or "De les Dones", to date only documented to level of location but that with our work of field and contribution has been seen that they are perfectly recoverable.
This recovery is undertaken in the investigation, by means of the visual simulation of the same using the techniques of SBIM and AR, before cited, of form combined and adapted to the specificities of the work and abilities of an architect-town planner, so that they develop a practical study cases series whose final objective is that a visitor, situated before the current entrance walled of the alley, by means of a device type Tablet PC connected to a webcam, can be get an idea of which would be the aspect of that alley, on the other hand inaccessible, given that at present is found walled.
This strategy of pre-viewing, should serve besides so that the designer can present the possible alternatives to his not always evident, physical recovery. In that sense and as the architects we propose an architectural solution in each case along with the information devices trial on the land that facilitate the accessibility to the different monuments and hereditary buildings of the historic center of Girona. On the other hand as educational of architectural graphic expression, we practice new strategic graphic that permit to promote the creativity and as a group to facilitate the investigators data processing data and experiences that permit to optimize the new tools and processes, and to the architects in general, to bring to light the current possibilities in matter of SBIM and AR.