Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alternative energy sources'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Alternative energy sources.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bosenko, V. S. "Alternative energy sources." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45174.
Full textVolkova, V. "Alternative sources of energy." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40460.
Full textЛепетюха, Л. В. "Energy saving and alternative sources of energy." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17475.
Full textMordan, Liudmyla, and Yulia Polikarpova. "In search of alternative sources of energy." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10115.
Full textVolkov, A. N., and E. U. Sayenko. "Alternative sources of energy. Wind-power engineering." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8554.
Full textLuczynski, Estanislau. "O uso do carvão vegetal nos Pólos Guseiros: implicações sociais, ambientais e econômicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-19032012-104800/.
Full textThe aim of this work is to discuss implications technological, environmentally and social limitations of the pig-iron´s production using charcoal. Through technical papers, technical visits to research centers and interview with experts, a data basis was collected to produce this work. The analysis of data showed that: the continuity of pig-iron making depends on continuos supply of charcoal, at low cost, with good heat capacity, and with easy acess. However, under current conditions, the charcoal supply to industry is depending of a intensive exploration of native forest. At the same time, there is a lack of land suitablefor reforestation to provide wood to renewable charcoal making. Nevertheless, there are several resources that can be used to reduce the iron ore: charcoal of babassu coconut, charcoal of native amazonic trees, natural gas (integrated plants) and even coal. Some of them are candidates to replace the charcoal, but further technological, infrastructural and economic developments are still required. The intensive utilization of charcoal by siderurgy is based in a network of kilns and charcoal makers working under extreme conditions (indeed, some work fifteen hours per day), they have no social security and extremely low wages (some receive only half a dollar per cubic metre of charcoal). In general, pig-iron´s makers do not consider the use of charcoal from forested wood, because its higher cost may challenge the viability of pig-iron production.
Almança, Reinaldo Alves. "Avaliação do use da vinhaça da cana-de-açúcar na geragão de energia elétrica (Estudo de caso)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-19012012-180037/.
Full textThe vinasse of sugar-cane represents the main liquid residue produced by the sugar-alcohol sector and, in view of the enormous volumes produced, the problems related to its storage and final disposal came to pose a great challenge to the technical people involved in this matter these last few years. This study aims to present an alternative for the exploitation of this residue, to these traditionally employed in the alcohol production industry, based on the treatment and transformation of vinasse to biogas, and its subsequent utilization in eletric generation. In this context the technology of high efficiency anaerobic digestion using up-flow anaerobic digestors for biogas production was adapted. Once purified, the biogas produced can be utilized in engines and turbines specially adapted for this fuel, as evinced in the literature consulted. With a view to evaluate the pratical feasibility of this work, the elaboration of a case study was selected, in which a hypothetical distillery with a capacity of about 150.000 litres of alcohol/day, would generate a volume of about 1.800.000 litres of vinasse/day. By means of this simulation, the technical and economic aspects involved were analyzed, thus making possible a critical and realistic appreciation of the study proposed.
Maršíková, Michaela. "Efektivita využití fotovoltaických článků při výrobě energie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4422.
Full textLyles, Carl Thomas. "Investigation of regenerative and alternative energy sources for electrified passenger vehicles." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54260.
Full textSilva, Thadeu Alfredo Farias 1961. "Análise da eficiência de geradores de energia com biodiesel obtido de óleos de fritura usados." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266055.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T11:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_ThadeuAlfredoFarias_D.pdf: 3309858 bytes, checksum: 91c6bd469e2d60cb979c09c7afa27066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Neste trabalho se analisou os índices de eficiência de consumo de combustível e emissões de gases poluentes de um gerador de energia elétrica de 6 KW operando com 50% da carga nominal. Os equipamentos operaram com biodiesel obtido de óleos de fritura usados e comparou-se nos experimentos o consumo do combustível de misturas de óleo mineral fóssil com 6% de concentração, comercializado nos postos de combustíveis, com biodiesel de óleos fritura usados nas concentrações 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% e 100% (biocombustível puro), observando-se com resultados o aumento de consumo. Relativo a emissão de gases observou-se índices de emissão de monóxido de carbono (CO) favoráveis para as misturas com baixas concentrações, sendo consideradas menos poluentes. No que tange a emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO2), o gerador de energia apresentou índices razoáveis de queima de combustível, considerada esta opção de biodiesel factível para sua utilização. Verificou-se ainda durante o experimento que para as concentrações de mistura de biodiesel, não ocorrem variações de potência elétrica na saída dos geradores, bem como variações significativas da intensidade sonora que alterem características mecânicas ou elétricas do gerador de energia
Abstract: This paper analyzed the fuel consumption efficiency rates and gas emissions of an electric power generator 6 KW, operating at 50% of rated load. The equipment operated with biodiesel obtained from used frying oils and compared in the experiments the consumption of fossil fuel mineral oil mixtures with 6% concentration, sold at gas stations with biodiesel oils frying used in concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100% (pure biodiesel), observing results with increasing consumption. On the emission of gases was observed carbon monoxide emission rates (CO) favorable for mixtures with low concentrations and is considered less polluting. With regard to carbon dioxide (CO2), the power generator had reasonable rates of burning fuel, biodiesel considered this feasible option to use. It was also found during the experiment that for biodiesel blend concentrations, there were no variations in the electrical power output of the generator, as well as significant variations in sound intensity which change electrical or mechanical characteristics of the power generator
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Bolognini, Marly Fré. "Externalidades na Produção de Álcool Combustível no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-19012012-175713/.
Full textExternalities are costs or benets not included in the prices. The concepts and the techniques of Welfare Economics are used in the identication and evaluation of externalities in order to reach an optimal use of the environment There is e considerable amount of externalities in sugar cane plantation and in the alcohol industry such as the burnings carried out before the harvest as well as in vinasse and bagase destination and the pattem of the use of natural resources. This work studies these externelities and gives sugestions on the techniques that can be used to identify and evaluate them.
Burmistenkov, O. P., and S. A. Demishonkova. "Energy saving in uncontrollable electric drives." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6752.
Full textSchmitz, Anthony. "Effect of oil prices on returns to alternative energy investments." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31843.
Full textCommittee Chair: Vivek Ghosal; Committee Member: Byung-Cheol Kim; Committee Member: Chun-Yu Ho; Committee Member: Tibor Besedes. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Jämting, Hanna. "Sustainable Energy : Implications of Charcoal Use in Babati Households & Possibilities to Use Alternative Energy Sources." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2160.
Full textThis thesis investigates social impacts of charcoal use in households in the Tanzanian town Babati. In Tanzania a majority of the population use charcoal and firewood as their main energy source. A part from the environmental problems connected to charcoal use; there are also considerable social impacts on women’s daily lives. Cooking and collection of wood fuel are time-consuming and restricts the possibilities for women to work and study. The thesis includes an investigation on how the Tanzanian government tackles problems connected to charcoal use, social as well as environmental. The result shows that the Tanzanian government is working with charcoal related problems to some extent but as previous studies shows there are still more that can be done. The main efforts made concentrate on information campaigns and promotion of more energy efficient equipments. One important problem is however that wood fuel is the cheapest available energy source and hence the incentives to start using other, more sustainable, energy sources are very small. The thesis also investigates possibilities for Babati households to substitute charcoal use with renewable energy sources available in the town. The result shows that the possibilities to use renewable energy currently are very limited and mainly affordable to richer households.
SILVA, RAFAEL IGREJAS DA. "ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES: A REAL OPTION VALUATION OF COGENERATION WITH SUGARCANE TRASH BIOMASS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20244@1.
Full textAs opções de geração de energia no Brasil de forma sustentável estão fortemente relacionadas às fontes de energia alternativa, em especial a biomassa. Neste estudo é analisada a viabilidade econômico-financeira de um projeto de recolhimento da palha da cana de açúcar em uma usina no Brasil que tem a flexibilidade de expandir a venda de energia, ao investir na utilização da palha como insumo na cogeração. O preço da energia elétrica é modelado como um processo geométrico de reversão à média e é aplicada a teoria de opções reais para determinar o valor das flexibilidades gerenciais. Uma vez que a decisão de recolhimento da palha é tomada, a empresa tem a opção de investir na produção de briquetes, e a partir daí, realizar o switch entre o fluxo de caixa da energia e o fluxo de caixa de briquetes. O modelo é então resolvido utilizando uma árvore binomial recombinante não censurada de reversão à média. Os resultados indicam que a flexibilidade de escolher entre a venda de energia e a venda de briquetes agrega 9,7 milhões de reais, ou 38 por cento ao valor do projeto determinístico de 25,6 milhões de reais, o que é significativo, considerando que a cogeração não é a atividade principal da usina de cana. Assim, o recolhimento da palha da cana pode ainda incentivar projetos de retrofit em usinas que de outra forma poderiam não se mostrar viáveis.
Options for sustainable power generation at competitive prices in Brazil are strongly related to alternative energy sources, in particular, sugar cane biomass. In this study we analyze a cane trash recovery project for a sugarcane mill in Brazil that has the option to expand sales of surplus bioelectricity by introducing the sugarcane trash as feedstock for cogeneration. We model electricity prices as a geometric mean reverting process, and apply the real options approach to determine the value of this managerial flexibility. Once the decision to recover the cane trash has been made, the firm has the option to invest in briquetting production, that will allow it to switch between energy and briquette sales depending on the relative prices of energy and briquettes. The model is then solved using a non censored binomial mean reverting lattice. The results indicate that the flexibility to choose between energy and briquette production adds 9.7 million of reais in value, or 38 per cent to the project value of 25.6 million of reais, which is significant, considering cogeneration is not the core business of the sugarcane mill. This indicates that recovery of cane trash, which is currently wasted in the field, may represent a significant source of value for further development of bioelectricity cogeneration or briquetting production, when retrofitting older sugarcane mills.
Bajgl, Tomáš. "Tvorba laboratorních úloh pro předmět Obnovitelné zdroje energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318159.
Full textAlves, João Wagner Silva. "Diagnóstico técnico institucional da recuperação e uso energético do biogás gerado pela digestão anaeróbia de resíduos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-09032012-090952/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to discuss the main actions to achieve the success of the recovery and use of biogás generated by wastes initiatives. The discussion begins with information regarding the increase of the greenhouse effect and the shortage of natural resources. Brazil, a developing country, should promote sanitary improvements in all levels: collection and disposal of solid wastes, domestic and commercial wastewater sewage and treatment, as well as industrial wastewater treatment. The country must also optimize the use of its energy resources preserving the environmental quality. At end of Rio 92, the Brazilian Government has assumed the commitment to conducting emission inventories of greenhouse gases. Among these is included the inventory of methane emissions generated by the anacrobic degradation of wastes. It is known that in 1.990 Brazil emitted approximately 800Gg of methane (CH4) and it is estimated that in the year 2.000 more or less 900Gg will be emitted. From this total there are not any identified initiative of energy recovery ongoing well succeeded. The majority of biogas emitted by wastes comes from solid waste degradation. To promote the biogas recovery in municipal solid waste disposal sites (MSWDS) it is necessary, first of all, to promote the correct solid waste disposal. It should also that the correct landfill management includes the recovery of the generated biogas. Reminding that this activity, in most of the cases, is duty of the public sector, should be included to the process the guaranteed continuity of the activity from an administration to the next. About 11% of the methane generated by anaerobic degradation of wastes come from industrial wastewater. The anaerobic process has energy intensity much lower than the conventional process. To an industry chose the anaerobic technology, is should have an efficient control of industrial process avoiding the effluent contamination by substances toxic to the anaerobic organisms. The private initiative, facing an opportunity of profitable business, naturally creates replicable initiatives. Internationally, there are several countries developing projects of biogas recovery. In Brazil are identified vestiges of this activity, occurred in the 1.970´s and 1.980´s. The contraction of the national economy, the decrease of international fossil fuel prices and the lack of environmental and tax incentives can be responsible for the end of such projects. Today, the possibility of obtaining economic gains for greenhouse gases emission reductions incentives through CER associated to environmental and fiscal incentives can create favorable expectations for this activity.
Varella, Fabiana Karla de Oliveira Martins. "Estimativa do indice de nacionalização dos sistemas fotovoltaicos no Brasil." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263003.
Full textTese (doutorado) -Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T18:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Varella_FabianaKarladeOliveiraMartins_D.pdf: 2814812 bytes, checksum: 2b3d8b0306df42b90c009281f0150f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: A Lei nº 10.438/02 estabeleceu o Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica - PROINFA, único programa nacional a estimular as fontes renováveis alternativas, com o intuito de aumentar a participação da energia elétrica produzida por empreendimentos a partir das fontes eólica, pequenas centrais hidrelétricas - PCHs e biomassa no sistema interligado nacional. Posteriormente, o PROINFA foi revisado pela Lei nº 10.762/03 e alterou em sua regulamentação a obrigatoriedade de um índice mínimo de nacionalização de serviços e equipamentos, que em sua primeira etapa passou a corresponder a 60% do custo total da construção dos projetos contemplados. A energia solar fotovoltaica não foi contemplada pelo Programa, e o objetivo desta tese é estimar o índice de nacionalização para cada um dos três sistemas fotovoltaicos selecionados para estudo (sistema de bombeamento de água, sistema de eletrificação rural e sistema conectado à rede elétrica). Para elaboração desse cálculo foi efetuada uma adaptação da metodologia utilizada pelo PROINFA e considerados somente os custos dos principais equipamentos e não dos serviços. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os sistemas de bombeamento de água e de eletrificação rural são sistemas que 5% e 35%, respectivamente, dos seus equipamentos já são disponibilizados pela indústria nacional. mesmo não ocorre com os sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede elétrica, que atualmente tem 100% dos seus principais equipamentos importados
Abstract: The Law nº 10.438/02 established the Program of Incentives for Alternative Electric Power Sources - PROINFA, which is the only national program aimed to foster alternative renewable energy sources and to increase the share of electric energy production from enterprises based on wind power, small hydropower plants and biomass in the interconnected national power grid. PROINFA was later modified by the Law nº 10.762/03 which revised the regulation imposing a minimum nationalization index of services and equipment that in its first stage corresponded to 60% of the total cost of the selected projects. Solar photovoltaic power was not included in PROINFA and because of that the objective of this thesis is to estimate the nationalization index of each of the following photovoltaic systems selected for the study: water pumping PV system, rural electrification PV system and grid-connected PV system. In order to carry out the calculations, the methodology used at PROINFA was adapted and only the costs of the key equipment, not the services, were considered. The results led to the conclusion that the water pumping and the rural electrification systems are those in which 5% and 35%, respectively, equipment is already made available by the national industry. The same is not verified for the grid-connected PV systems in which 100% of the key equipment is imported
Doutorado
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
Diaz, Maurin François. "The Viability and Desirability of Alternative Energy Sources Exploring the Controversy over Nuclear Power." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129182.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation provides an alternative take on two related topics: the energetics of human societies (the approach), and the use of nuclear energy to make electricity (the issue). First, in relation with theoretical aspects, it provides alternative procedures based on a new formulation of energetics to generate effective analysis of the energetics of human societies. Second, in relation with practical application, it performs an integrated assessment of nuclear power based on an alternative representation of the “nuclear energy system” aimed at guaranteeing the quality of the assessment of nuclear power both on descriptive and normative sides. By doing so, the present work intends to improve the quality of the scientific discussions over energy-supply issues, and at the same time, to better understand the systemic problems associated with the large-scale deployment of nuclear power. In recent years the revived interest from the scientific community over energy-supply issues was turned into a desperate search for alternative energy sources. Yet, performing the critical appraisal of the potentiality of alternative energy sources to power modern societies requires first handling the systemic problems of conventional energy analysis once and for all. First, dealing with the energy transformations of living systems such as human societies requires adopting a ‘complex systems thinking’ approach due to the unavoidable co-existence of multiple relevant dimensions and multiple relevant scales. This “technical incommensurability” on the descriptive side implies abandoning the use of the excessive simplifications of reductionism consisting in protocols generating numbers based on the adoption of one scale and one dimension at the time. Second, when deliberating over sustainability issues there is an obvious existence of different social actors – different potential story tellers – expressing non-equivalent but legitimate perceptions of the same issue based on their values, beliefs and goals. This problem of “social incommensurability” on the normative side is particularly evident when considering the case of nuclear power in the discussion over alternative energy sources. In fact, one easily finds contrasting – and even opposite – perceptions over the viability and desirability of this technology, a fact which is at the origin of its systemic controversy. This situation reflects the impossibility to generate a shared perception between social actors over the use of this technology as a viable and desirable alternative energy source. The case of nuclear power provides a very good example why alternative energy sources cannot be taken as desirable and viable “by default”. In fact, this dissertation indicates that we can only deliberate about the viability and desirability of alternative energy sources by means of “participatory integrated assessment”, which forces revisiting the role of the scientist when using science for governance
Dlamini, Letsiwe Thulisile Sibongile. "Investigating alternative funding sources for community equity ownership in renewable energy projects in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13637.
Full textThe combined effect of a number of factors has forced the Government of South Africa to launch and seek to expand the renewable energy sector through the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REI4P). Such elements include environmental issues, especially climate change; the need to diversify energy sources in order for the country to be energy secure; and the developmental potential that investment in a new industry, in this instance the renewable energy industry, can bring in terms of job creation, economic growth and the exploitation of abundant natural resources. In addition to the REI4P, the Government has also been compelled to seek to expand energy supply in the country, in general, due to the energy crisis, which in turn, is closely associated with a population that is growing at a pace that is much faster than the rate at which energy can be readily supplied. Community Equity Ownership (CEO) or local community ownership is a unique feature of the REI4P that has recently come under close scrutiny due to its requirement for project companies to offer a minimum of 2.5% to 5% shares of their companies to local communities residing within a 50km radius of their renewable energy plants, in an effort to contribute toward their socio-economic development; the challenges presented by community trusts; and the subsequent resistance towards the notion of local community ownership by REI4P project companies. It is the subject of this research because it is still a critical and integral component of the REI4P and challenges associated with its financing have, in the past, jeopardised the accomplishment of the very goals for which it was constituted. The value of Social License to Operate (SLO) is that it can lay the foundation for positive relations to prevail between communities and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in the pursuit of a viable renewable energy industry and increased energy supply in South Africa. To this end, the study demonstrates that whilst CEO is obligated in the REI4P, it also constitutes SLO because if communities own shares in REI4P projects, they are more likely to cooperate with them. Thus, the CEO, Socio-Economic Development (SED) and Enterprise Development (ED) requirements of the REI4P essentially constitute the SLO ‘building blocks’ for the Programme. Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) have been at the forefront of funding local community ownership, although other financial institutions, including commercial banks xiv have started financing it as well, while requiring guarantees and security from communities, which can offer neither. The continued implementation of the REI4P, as well as the launch of the Baseload IPP Programme and the Medium Term Risk Mitigation Project, will ultimately increase the total number of IPP Programmes in the country and will likely intensify the demand for finances to fund CEO. In view of this, where will the funding for this key aspect of the current and proposed IPP Programmes come from? This study sought to identify alternative funding options for CEO in order to ensure its continuity in both the REI4P and the proposed IPP Programmes. An exploratory research design was pursued for the study in view of data limitations arising from the infancy of the renewable energy sector in South Africa. Moreover, a questionnaire survey was undertaken and a purposive sampling technique was used to interrogate a select group of financial institutions and REI4P Independent Power Producers (IPPs), with a view to determine what their experiences have been in relation to funding CEO, as well as to identify alternative funding options for it, going forward. In this regard, a sample size of 15 was taken out of a combined total of 72 financial institutions and IPPs. Thematic content analysis was subsequently performed to process the data. The main risk associated with financing CEO that was identified by stakeholders has to do with a lack of security in lending to disadvantaged communities because they often have no collateral and can offer no guarantees that demonstrate their capacity to repay debts. Furthermore, the establishment of a Grant Scheme for funding CEO, on the one hand, and a Guarantee and Incentive Programme, on the other, wherein Government stands in as guarantor for communities as they borrow funds to facilitate CEO; were found to be potentially instrumental in widening the pool of funding for CEO. Increased vendor support and more ‘preferential’ loan terms and ‘softer’ loans from DFIs were also identified as critical in the endeavour to increase the funding sources for CEO. Although the use of the Government Pension Fund to warehouse shares on behalf of communities and utilising communal land as equity both hold some promise; they require further research. It is, therefore, concluded that there is potential for alternative funding options for community equity ownership in the REI4P. The study also found that, based on the experiences of survey respondents, there are inadequate sources of finance for CEO, in light of the increasing pressure on available financial opportunities. To this end, the delineation between the xv potential for funding local community shareholding in REI4P projects and actual access to funding is fundamental.
Machado, Ana Mercedes Corrêa. "Potencial das biomassas disponíveis no nordeste brasileiro como fontes alternativas de geração de energia." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4151.
Full textO Aquecimento Global causado pela emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa, principalmente o CO2 (dióxido de carbono) oriundo dos combustíveis fósseis, e a destruição das florestas através de desmatamentos e queimadas, gerou grandes transformações no Meio Ambiente, chegando a interferir nos fenômenos naturais. Energias Alternativas menos poluentes e renováveis têm sido apontadas como uma das soluções para mitigar o problema. O Brasil, para atender o compromisso firmado no Protocolo de Kyoto e por possuir tecnologia avançada para a produção de etanol a partir da cana-de-açúcar, vem ampliando sua área de plantio, muitas vezes substituindo culturas tradicionais, na tentativa de manter a liderança do mercado internacional. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou apontar outras matérias-primas possíveis de obtenção de etanol dentro da biodiversidade da região Nordeste, em particular Sergipe, com aproveitamento de resíduos e biomassas subexploradas, no sentido de agregar valor, respeitando as tradições populares, como alternativa de Desenvolvimento para a região dentro dos princípios da sustentabilidade. Em Sergipe, levantou-se a potencialidade para produção de etanol a partir da manipueira, resíduo gerado no processamento da mandioca das casas de farinha do município de Campo do Brito; determinou-se o número de microdestilarias possíveis de serem implantadas; verificou-se a viabilidade econômica no período de 10 anos de produção. Fez-se um estudo voltado para a obtenção do etanol a partir do resíduo do sisal oriundo do beneficiamento da fibra nos municípios de maior produção localizados no Estado da Bahia, no qual determinou-se o número de microdestilarias possíveis de implantação e a viabilidade econômica. Levantou-se o potencial energético para produção de etanol a partir de algaroba e a capacidade de implantação de microdestilarias na região Nordeste. De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se a viabilidade para a produção de etanol a partir destas biomassas disponíveis na região Nordeste como fonte alternativa de energia menos poluente.
Lambiase, Clodoaldo de Borba. "Simulação e análise de topologias híbridas de fontes alternativas de energia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156472.
Full textThe designing of hybrid systems as an alternative to power supply from power utility, generating their own energy in operating islanded or grid-tie to the power utility, has resulted in studies and implementations in industrial, commercial and residential level recently. The main discussion that arises is the analysis of the technical and economical advantages for this type of solution. This work presents a complementary study to the researches conducted nowadays, which is designed a hybrid system containing wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, electrolysis process, fuel cell, gas micro turbine and diesel generators. This system was simulated and was compared technically and economically to a system with only diesel gensets. The proposed hybrid system has a microrrede connected to a typical distribution system with a limited power demand value that prevents the satisfaction of all energy needs of the installation only with the utility power. This study evaluates the technical and economical impacts to meeting electric power consumption through this hybrid system and optimize using PSO, the design of this system that uses a dispatch order to manage the mini power generation units. The TRNSYS software was used due to its feature of allowing estimate the electric power and electric energy produced in one year apart with hourly details of each feature, considering actual estimates and localized availability of wind and photovoltaic resources.
Mora, Alvarez David Fernando [Verfasser]. "Large scale integration of renewable energy sources for power generation in Colombia : a sensible alternative to conventional energy sources ; Scenario 2010 - 2050 / David Fernando Mora Alvarez." Flensburg : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Flensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031299599/34.
Full textLopes, Juliana. "Metodologias de dimensionamento e de gestão de fontes de energia para veículos elétricos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260868.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_Juliana_D.pdf: 4449878 bytes, checksum: 6f40b7bd3dbcac957967155e2c1e966e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O sistema de armazenamento de energia (ESS - Energy-Storage System), em veículos elétricos, constituído por baterias e/ou supercapacitores pode agregar elevado custo ou elevada massa ao veículo caso o número de módulos dessas fontes seja inadequado. Nesta Tese são propostas duas metodologias aplicadas ao dimensionamento da ESS a fim de encontrar configurações de menor massa possível. Essas configurações devem ser capazes de suprir energia para o veículo elétrico em um dado perfil de alto valor de potência requerida. São investigadas ESSs com diferentes tipos de baterias e supercapacitores a fim de se obter um amplo range de escolhas de configurações em relação a peso e custo. Além de uma unidade ESS o veículo possui uma fonte de autonomia que pode ser uma célula a combustível ou uma unidade gerador/motor à combustão interna. A primeira metodologia de dimensionamento investiga configurações de ESS híbridas ou constituídas apenas por baterias ou supercapacitores para um veículo do tipo Sport Utility Vehicle. Esta metodologia utiliza os coeficientes de potência e energia específicas a partir das curvas de Ragone das fontes da ESS. Os resultados mostraram, que, dentre as configurações de ESSs investigadas, que a de menor massa é constituída apenas por supercapacitores de 165 F. A segunda metodologia de dimensionamento investiga configurações de ESSs híbridas para três tipos de veículos: um Sport Utility Vehicle, um micro-ônibus e ônibus de transporte urbano. Esse estudo visa mostrar a viabilidade do emprego da metodologia a veículos com diferentes aspectos físicos. Esta metodologia de dimensionamento destaca-se pela utilização de otimização não Linear na solução do problema cuja função objetivo é a menor massa da ESS. O aspecto inovador desta metodologia está na utilização de otimização na solução do problema referente ao dimensionamento da ESS aplicado ao envelope dos perfis de potência dos ciclos de condução. O envelope é resultante da sobreposição dos perfis de potência relativos aos ciclos de condução de operação dos veículos. O objetivo em utilizar o envelope dos perfis de potência está na abrangência de situações diversas de operação, em eventuais ciclos de condução, nos quais o veículo possa ser conduzido. A metodologia é aplicada a determinados períodos do envelope com alto valor de potência requerida. São propostas duas estratégias de gerenciamento de potência a fim de verificar a atuação entre a ESS, dimensionadas pela metodologia ótima, e a fonte de autonomia no fornecimento da potência requerida pelos veículos. Uma estratégia de gerenciamento é fundamentada em regras e a outra é fundamentada em otimização não Linear. A primeira estratégia foi aplicada para dez repetições de cada ciclo de condução, considerados no dimensionamento da ESS, e apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto aos limites de operação dos supercapacitores e das baterias. A segunda estratégia de gerenciamento foi aplicada a determinados períodos dos ciclos de condução, nos quais, em relação à estratégia em regras, observou-se a atuação da fonte de autonomia. Os resultados mostraram que é possível obter maior economia de combustível, pois a fonte de autonomia permaneceu desativada com o emprego da estratégia de gerenciamento ótima. As duas estratégias de gerenciamento foram aplicadas aos três tipos de veículos
Abstract: The energy-storage system (ESS) of electric vehicles with batteries and/or ultracapacitors can add high cost or high mass to the vehicle if the number of modules of these sources is not appropriate. Two sizing methodologies applied to the ESS are proposed in this Thesis. These methodologies aim ESSs configurations of lowest mass. The obtained configurations must be able to supply power when the electric vehicle is driven in a certain profile of high value of power required. ESSs with different types of batteries and ultracapacitors are studied to achieve a broad range of choices of configurations in relation to weight and cost. Besides an ESS unity the electric vehicle has an autonomy source that can be a fuel cell or a generator/internal combustion engine unity. The first sizing methodology investigates different ESSs configurations for a Sport Utility Vehicle type. This methodology is based on Ragone curves of the sources from which the specific power and specific energy coefficients are obtained. The ESS of lowest mass is found by using these coefficients and the power required that must be constant. Among the ESSs configurations analyzed the results showed that the ESS of lowest mass is formed only by ultracapacitors modules of 165 F. The second methodology investigates configurations of hybrid ESSs for three vehicle models: one Sport Utility Vehicle, one minibus and one urban transit bus. This study aims to show the viability of using the methodology in vehicles with different physical characteristics. This methodology is highlighted by the use of nonlinear optimization to solve the ESS sizing problem whose objective function is the lowest mass of ESS. The innovative aspect of this methodology is the use of optimization to solve the ESS sizing problem applied to the power envelope of the driving cycle profiles. The envelope is resulting of the superposition of the power profiles related to the driving cycles in which the vehicle is driven. The purpose of using the envelope of the power profiles is to comprise different situations, in any driving cycles, in which the vehicle can be driven. The methodology is applied to certain periods of the envelope with high value of power required. Two power management strategies are proposed to manage the ESSs, sized by the optimum methodology, and the autonomy sources to supply continuously the power required by the vehicle. One power management strategy is based on rules and the other one is also based on nonlinear optimization technique. The first one was applied to ten repetitions of each driving cycle and presented good results related to batteries and ultracapacitors operational limits. The second one was applied to certain periods of the driving cycles in which the autonomy source provides nominal power related to the strategy based on rules. The results of the optimum power management strategy showed that it is possible to obtain improved fuel economy, since the autonomy source remained turned off. Both strategies were applied to the three vehicle models
Doutorado
Automação
Doutora em Engenharia Elétrica
Carmo, Vadson Bastos do 1960. "Avaliação da eficiência energética renovável de biomassas alternativas para geração de eletricidade." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266061.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmo_VadsonBastosdo_D.pdf: 3190982 bytes, checksum: 87f430efac9d75b830041bb4b9b8c866 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da energia renovável de fontes alternativas de biomassas como matérias-primas em processos de geração de energia integradas a produção de etanol de cana-de-açúcar para utilização no período de entressafra desta matéria-prima ou de forma independente através de uma usina termelétrica. As fontes de biomassa analisadas foram as seguintes: resíduos agroindustriais (casca de arroz, jequitibá-rosa, caixeta), resíduos urbanos (poda de árvores e fibra de coco) e plantio e floretas energéticas (capim-elefante e eucalipto). As eficiências energéticas relativas das biomassas foram determinadas a partir de uma usina termoelétrica de referencia, considerando-se a mesma potência de IMW, a eficiência do processo de termoconversão e os índices energéticos consolidados para esta avaliação energética e emergética, usando-se a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). A floresta enegética de eucalipto, o plantio de campim-elefante, o resíduo urbano da fibra-de-coco e os resíduos agroindustriais das madeiras caixeto e jequitibá-rosa apresentaram os melhores indices de eficiência energética renovável relativa, demonstrando que estas fontes de biomassas apresentaram desempenhos similares ou próximos ao abtido pelo bagaço da cana-de-açucar e, portanto, com potencial para substuí-la na geração de 7.776 kWh/ano de bioenergia, com sustentabilidade. O uso de biomassas alternativas para geração de energia elétrica na substituição do uso de combustíveis fósseis em unidades geradoras convencionais por uma usina termoelétrica movida a biomassa, pode mitigar 96.733 quilitoneladas de CO2 durante a expectativa de operação da planta, constribuindo para a redução de emissões de gases do efeito estufa e geração de energia mais limpa e renovável
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of renewable energy from alternative sources of biomass as raw materials in processes of power generation integrated production of ethanol from sugarcane for use in the off-season this raw material or fromindependent through a thermoelectric plant. The sources of biomass were analyzed as follows: agroindustrial waste (rice husk, jequitibá rosa and caixeta woods), municipal waste (pruning trees and coconut fiber) and florest energy plantations (elephant grass and eucalyptus). The relative efficiency renewable energy of biomass were determined from a reference power plant, considering the same power of 1MW and the efficiency of the thermal conversion process were then consolidaded in an emergy index for this energy and emergy evaluation, using the Data Envelopment analysis (DEA). The eucalyptus forest, planting of elephant grass, urban waste fiber cocount and agroindustrial waste woods of caixeta and jequitibá rosa showed the highest index of renewable energy relative efficiency, demonstrating that these sources of biomass showed similar or close to that obtained from sugarcane performance and therefore have the potential to replace it in the generation of 7,776 kWh / year of bio-energy with sustainability. The use of alternative biomass for power generation in the replacement of fossil fuels in conventional generating units powered by a thermoelectric plant biomass can mitigate 96,733 kilotonnes of C02 over the expected plant operation, constributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and generation of cleaner and renewable energy
Doutorado
Engenharia Química
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Verma, Suruchi. "Comparative Analysis of Wind, Solar and Landfill Gases as Alternative Sources of Energy for Electricity Generation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1262.
Full textMagaqa, Xolile Donaldson. "Renewable energy as alternative solution in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019725.
Full textGarcia, Fellipe Saldanha. "Conversores CC-CC elevadores de tensão, não isolados, com ganhos estáticos elevados." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259307.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_FellipeSaldanha_M.pdf: 10358371 bytes, checksum: 43197de07c314068d99689affe6298a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Os conversores CC-CC possuem importantes aplicações no aproveitamento de fontes renováveis de energia elétrica e nos veículos elétricos. Nestas aplicações, muitas vezes é desejável que o conversor opere com elevado ganho de tensão. Esta dissertação investiga topologias de conversores CC-CC não isolados, que possuem potencial de trabalhar com elevado ganho de tensão. Uma das topologias estudadas, o interleaved double dual boost, é utilizado parademonstrar as técnicas de projeto e controle do conversor. São apresentados resultados experimentais para este conversor.
Abstract: The DC-DC converters have important applications in the electric energy generation using renewable energy sources and in the electric vehicles. In those applications, it is often required that the converter operates with high voltage gain. This work investigates some non-insulated topologies of DC-DC converters that can be used when high voltage gain is necessary or convenient. One of the studied topologies, the six-phase interleaved double dual boost, is used to demonstrate the design and control techniques. Experimental results for this converter are presented.
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Silva, Manuella Pereira da 1985. "Esforço das concessionárias de energia elétrica para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de fontes alternativas de energia : o caso das Empresas Eletrobras." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287728.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_ManuellaPereirada_M.pdf: 1065011 bytes, checksum: eb26994a7cc16e63bd0e77cbbb70384b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: As tecnologias de energias renováveis são um exemplo de tecnologia que tenta estabelecer em um mercado já consolidado e com um forte contexto industrial baseado em tecnologias já existentes para fontes de energia convencionais. Neste contexto se destaca o papel das políticas públicas que afetam a demanda por essas tecnologias. Desde que a Lei no 9.991/2000 foi publicada, as empresas do setor de energia elétrica brasileiro começaram um grande esforço para fortalecer suas áreas de P&D. Deste modo, propõe-se analisar o esforço realizado pelas concessionárias de energia elétrica brasileiras para o desenvolvimento e adoção de tecnologias de novas fontes alternativas de energia. A questão central do trabalho é verificar se os projetos de P&D ANEEL em tecnologias de novas fontes renováveis no segmento de geração e transmissão de energia elétrica estão relacionados ao aprendizado do uso dessas novas tecnologias de energia renovável, pelas empresas de energia elétrica. O estudo empírico se baseou na análise de uma amostra de 55 projetos de P&D ANEEL das empresas Eletrobras, que são responsáveis pela maior parcela nos mercados de serviços de geração e transmissão brasileiros. A participação de projetos de P&D ANEEL em fontes alternativas é de cerca de 9% do seu total de número de projetos. A maior concentração desses projetos recai em Bioenergia, e em Energia Eólica, seguindo-se os grupos de projetos nas demais Fontes Alternativas com a seguinte ordem: Hidrogênio, Fotovoltaica, Maremotriz e Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas (PCH). A maior incidência de projetos em bioenergia na região Norte e em energia eólica na região Nordeste revelaram uma clara vocação dessas duas regiões para estas novas fontes de energia. Verificou-se uma baixa participação nos projetos de P&D de empresas tipicamente fornecedoras do setor elétrico. A análise da relação entre o desenvolvimento da P&D em novas fontes renováveis e o aprendizado das EELB mostrou que a maioria dos projetos é relacionada ao aprendizado de uso da tecnologia pelas concessionárias
Abstract: Renewable energy technology is an example of the technology which attempts to weigh in a consolidated market and inside a strong industrial context based on existent technologies for conventional sources of energy. The role of public politics that affects the demand for these technologies is highlighted in this context. Since the law number 9.991/2000 was published, companies from the Brazilian electrical energy sector started a great deal of effort to strengthen its areas of Research & Development. Thus this study aims to analyze the efforts done by the Brazilian concessionaries of electric power for the development and adoption of technologies in new sources of alternative energy. The core objective of this paper is to verify if ANEEL's Research & Developing project's in technology of new renewable sources in the segment of generation and transmission of electrical energy are related in learning the usage of these new technologies of renewable energy, by electrical energy companies. The empirical research is based on the analysis of 55 ANEEL's R&D projects of Eletrobras companies that are responsible for most of the market share of Brazilian services of generation and transmission. ANEEL's R&D projects participation in alternative sources is around 9% of its projects. Most of its projects are about Bioenergy and on Wind energy, followed by groups of projects on the several Alternative Sources in the following order: Hydrogen, Photovoltaic, Tidal Power and small hydro. The bigger incidence of projects on bioenergy are on the North and about wind energy in the Northeast showed a clear regional vocation of these locations for these new sources of energy. It was verified a low participation of R&D projects of companies typically suppliers of the electrical sector. The analysis of the relationship among the development of R&D of renewable sources and the learning of EELB showed that most of the projects are related to learning the usage of technology by the concessionaires
Mestrado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Mestra em Política Científica e Tecnológica
Batalha, Tiago Peres 1986. "Projeto e simulação numérica de uma turbina hidrocinética de eixo vertical : Project and numerical simulation of a vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265924.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:59:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Batalha_TiagoPeres_M.pdf: 29669933 bytes, checksum: 83773b03eb136ff18c60979de7ceaffe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Áreas rurais ou isoladas são geralmente abastecidas com energia baseada na queima de óleo diesel. No entanto, estratégias melhores podem ser implementadas utilizando-se recursos de energia renováveis disponíveis na região como recursos hidráulicos, biomassa entre outros. A tecnologia hidrocinética está entre as mais promissoras soluções uma vez que é relativamente barata, de fácil manufatura, confiável e adequada para a maioria das áreas amazônicas devido à grande capacidade hidráulica e predominância de assentamentos de baixa densidade populacional localizados nas margens de rios. Esta dissertação desenvolve uma metodologia de simulação numérica de dinâmica dos fluidos com aplicação das equações de RANS (Reynolds Average Navier Stokes) e malhas bi e tridimensionais para caracterização e projeto de turbinas hidrocinéticas de eixo vertical. Diferentes perfis de pá foram analisados, tais como placa plana, arco circular, NACA simétrico e assimétrico. Os efeitos de número de pás, perfil da pá e velocidade do fluxo de água sobre os coeficientes de torque e potência são apresentados e discutidos. As vantagens desse tipo de turbina incluem operação independente da direção da corrente, reversibilidade, possibilidade de agrupamento, construção barata e sistemas de transmissão simples. Um sistema de apenas uma turbina de 0,5 m de raio e 1 m de altura com sete lâminas submetida à razão de velocidade da ponta de 2,5 com velocidade de fluxo de água de 2 m/s teria potência de aproximadamente 1,6 kW, o que é suficiente para alimentar aproximadamente 7 casas de padrão de consumo médio no Brasil
Abstract: Rural and isolated areas are usually served by diesel based energy supply. However, better strategies can be implemented using renewable energy sources available in the area such as hydraulic, biomass and others. The hydrokinetic technology is among the promising technologies since it is relatively cheap, easy to manufacture, reliable and suitable for most of the Amazon areas because of the large hydraulic capacity and low density population settlements near rivers borders. This dissertation uses CFD, RANS (Reynolds Average Navier Stokes) equations and two and three-dimensional meshes to characterize and develop a methodology of numerical simulation of a vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine. In the simulations, different blade profiles were used such as flat plate, circular arc, symmetric and asymmetric NACA profiles. The effects of the number of blades, blade profile and water flow velocity on the turbine torque and power coefficients were presented and discussed. The advantages of this type of turbines include operation independent of current direction, reversibility, possibility of stacking, cheap construction and simple transmission systems. A system with only one turbine with radius of 0.5 m and height of 1 m with seven blades submitted to a tip speed ratio of 2.5 with water flow velocity of 2 m/s would have power of approximately 1.6 kW, what is enough to supply energy to 7 standard homes in Brazil
Mestrado
Termica e Fluidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Oliveira, Alexandre Uhlig de. "Lenha e carvão vegetal no Brasil: balanço oferta-demanda e métodos para a estimação do consumo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-14052008-113901/.
Full textFuelwood and charcoal statistics for Brazil present important differences between them. Once the methods used to estimate production and consumption of these woodfuels are not available, which would allow to identify the used criteria, methods were developed to estimate the fuelwood and charcoal consumption and it was also elaborated a supply-demand balance of woodfuels. The methods were prepared seeking simplicity, robustness and availability of information. The methods were tested for the 1996 - 2005 period and compared with data from Brazilian Energy Balance (BEB), produced by Mines and Energy Ministry. The results show little differences for total fuelwood and charcoal consumption. On the other hand, there are expressive differences in sector consumption. In 2005, the fuelwood consumption in residential sector estimated by this study is half of Brazilian Energy Balance data. In agriculture is triple and in services sector and industry is 26.5% and 14.6% less than BEB data, respectively. The charcoal consumption decreases in residential and services sectors in 62.9% and 82.7%, respectively and grows 10.0% and 812.3% in industrial and agriculture, respectively. In the spatial assessment of fuelwood and charcoal use in Brazil, hotspots were identified concerning supply problems, which should be studied in order not to endanger the availability of woodfuels. The balance is the difference between supply and demand of woodfuel in the municipal level, which corresponds to the minimum administrative unit with available information for Brazil. The more critical woodfuels production hotspots are located in Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Bahia States. It is important to highlight that even municipal districts with positive balances may present fuelwood deficits due to an excessive and punctual wood exploitation.
Megelinskienė, Aistė. "Alternatyvių energijos šaltinių panaudojimo skatinimo galimybės Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20140626_200824-85944.
Full textAs world economy intensively develops, there is also seen a constant growth of energy consumption. Mostly used sources of energy, especially oil and gas resources are limited and constantly wasting. Economic dependence on energy suppliers is the problem of countries lacking in energy resources. Another problem is the negative impact of burning biogas on climate change. One of the long-term sustainable development strategies for Lithuania tasks is to promote the use of renewable energy resources in energetics and transport. The aim of work is to disclose the opportunities of alternative energy sources promotion for Lithuania. The objectives of work are: 1) to explore the theoretical aspects of alternative energy sources promotion; 2) to analyze Lithuanian and abroad studies and empirical data for renewable energy promotion; 3) to prepare the methodology of empirical study evaluating the efficiency of alternative energy resources promoting measures in Lithuania; 4) to adapt the methodology and assess the efficiency of alternative energy resources promoting measures; 5) to provide the recommendations how to promote alternative energy sources in Lithuania. It was conducted the survey of experts and the results showed that the promotion of renewables in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. Feed-in-tariffs, the promotion of the EU Structural Funds and tradable pollution permits can be identified as the best currently existing promotional measures. Currently operating tax incentives... [to full text]
Kulp, Galen W. "A Comparison of Two Air Compressors for PEM Fuel Cell Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30840.
Full textMaster of Science
Flöhsler, Tomáš. "Energetické zásobování horské chaty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230370.
Full textVivacqua, Daniel Nascimento. "Considerações sobre a fabricação nacional de módulos fotovoltaicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-11122016-231836/.
Full textThis study aims to understand the status of the manufacturing activity of photovoltaic modules in Brazil to evaluate the possibility of stimulating the local production and its widespread use. It was necessary to evaluate the energetic and economic benefits of the production chain. In addition, the study focused the understanding of the current state of the art of the whole process. Photovoltaic solar energy is an industrial branch recently receiving impulse in Brazil. This study aims to obtain relevant information about the difficulties faced by the entrepreneurs and the benefits and costs to the society. The study assess the state of the production and use of solar PV systems in the world and what happens in Brazil. At this study, we sought to understand what are the possible, and/or more relevant, regulatory actions and private area initiatives to enable this industrial branch and its diffusion to the final consumers. The impacts of the related activity are considered, trying to show the cost-benefit relationship in centralized generation projects (Reserve Energy Auctions) and distributed generation.
Stecher, Luiza Chourkalo. "Cálculo de viabilidade econômica de fontes alternativas de energia considerando os seus custos ambientais para pequenas comunidades da região nordeste brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85133/tde-07042014-112240/.
Full textThere has been an increasing concern about current environmental issues caused by human activity, as the world searches for development. The production of electricity is an extremely relevant factor in this scenario since it is responsible for a large portion of the emissions that cause the greenhouse effect. Due to this fact, a sustainable development with alternative energy sources, which are attractive for such purpose, must be proposed, especially in places that are not supplied by the conventional electricity grid such as many communities in the Northeast Brazil. This work aims to calculate the environmental cost for the alternative sources of energy solar, wind and biomass during electricity generation, and to estimate the economic feasibility of those sources in small communities of Northeast Brazil, considering the avoided costs. The externalities must be properly identified and valued so the costs or benefits can be internalized and reflect accurately the economic feasibility or infeasibility of those sources. For this, the method of avoided costs was adopted for the calculation of externalities. This variable was included in the equation developed for all considered alternative energy sources. The calculations of economic feasibility were performed taking the new configurations in consideration, and the new equation was reprogrammed in the Programa de Cálculo de Custos de Energias Alternativas, Solar, Eólica e Biomassa (PEASEB). The results demonstrated that the solar photovoltaic energy in isolated systems is the most feasible and broadly applicable source for small communities of Northeast Brazil.
Westphal, Maximillian. "Investigation of low energy, alternative X-ray sources and their interactions with multi-Z materials for theranostics." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1571133365330023.
Full textAnderson, Matthew John. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Cool Thermal Energy Storage as an Alternative to Batteries for the Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51195.
Full textMaster of Science
Yee, Victoria E. "Predicting the renewable energy portfolio for the southern half of the United States through 2050 by matching energy sources to regional needs." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/808.
Full textAvelino, Wellington de Oliveira 1984. "Sistema híbrido de armazenamento de energia para aplicação em veículos elétricos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259302.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T07:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Avelino_WellingtondeOliveira_M.pdf: 7672293 bytes, checksum: 3534b3ead7d65fe436c7a493ca065d49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Este trabalho propõe um sistema de armazenamento de energia híbrido composto por bateria e ultracapacitor para aplicações em veículos elétricos, baseado em uma estratégia de controle que possui o intuito de combinar especialidades de múltiplas fontes que diferem em termos de densidade de energia e de densidade de potência. O sistema atua gerenciando o fluxo de potência entre os dispositivos de suprimento de energia, permitindo eficiência energética necessária para um bom desempenho do sistema de propulsão do veículo elétrico. O sistema também permite o fluxo bidirecional de potência, possibilitando o veículo atuar com frenagem regenerativa. Um conveniente arranjo entre as fontes, juntamente com o gerenciamento de energia permitiu reduzir os requisitos de dimensionamento da bateria que funciona como fonte de maior densidade de energia. Adicionalmente, a vida útil destas fontes e a imunidade do sistema de suprimento a variações bruscas de demanda de potência são melhoradas. A integração do sistema do sistema de gerenciamento implementado em um conversor de potência de 12 kW a um kart indoor elétrico permitiu validar o sistema e analisar experimentalmente o desempenho do veículo, comprovando a eficácia da estratégia de controle
Abstract: This work proposes a hybrid energy storage system for applications on electric vehicles, based on a control strategy that combines multiple power sources with different characteristics in terms of energy density and power density. The system manages energy flow among the storage devices, providing necessary energetic efficiency to guarantee high performance for vehicular propulsion system. In addition, the system permits bidirectional power flow, providing regenerative braking for the vehicle. Convenient organizations among power sources, working with energy management have permitted to reduce requirements for the battery that works as higher energy density power source. At the same time, lifetime for these energy storage devices and immunity for sudden variations are improved. The integration of the power management system implemented in a power converter of 12 kW to an electric indoor kart allowed to validate experimentally and analyze the performance of the vehicle, proving the effectiveness of the control strategy
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Lopes, Amanda Fonseca. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW COLOURS SENSITIZERS SOLAR CELLS." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16111.
Full textIncreasing global energy demand has driven the development of renewable alternative energy sources, such as Dye sensitizers Solar Cells (DSSCs). In an attempt to contribute to this purpose, four new bipyridine ruthenium complexes containing substituted quinonoides ligands were synthesized and characterized for use as efficient dyes in DSSCs. The complexes were purified by using chromatographic techniques and characterized by the use of spectroscopic techniques. Experimental data obtained by UV-vis were compared with those from density functional theory (DFT) studies. The UV-vis spectra of these compounds showed bands at about 524 nm ascribed to MLCT transitions. Time-dependent DFT is in good agreement with experimental fit. The FT-IR showed the presence of characteristic bands quinonoid and bipyridine ligands. 1H NMR spectra exhibited the signals of quinonoid ligands as well as the expected correlations in each case by COSY. The mass spectra of compounds NN-bqdi-Br and NN-bqdi -COOH exhibited fragments that confirm the presence of their respective quinonoid moiety. The results show that the NN-bqdi-complex (CH3)2, NN-bqdi-COOH, Nn-bqdi-Br and NN-bqdi-(Cl)2 were obtained and with future perspectives to study the performance of these compounds such a dye for DSSCs.
O aumento da demanda energÃtica mundial tÃm impulsionado o desenvolvimento de fontes alternativas de energia renovÃveis, como as cÃlulas solares sensibilizadas por corantes (DSSCs). Na tentativa de contribuir para esse propÃsito, quatro novos complexos bipiridÃnicos de rutÃnio, contendo ligantes quinonÃides substituÃdos foram sintetizados e caracterizados para utilizaÃÃo como corantes sensibilizadores eficientes em DSSCs. Os complexos foram purificados por meio do uso de tÃcnicas cromatogrÃficas e caracterizados por meio do uso de tÃcnicas espectroscÃpicas. Os resultados de UV-vis obtidos experimentalmente foram comparados com os obtidos a partir de estudos de DFT. Os espectros de UV-vis dos compostos apresentaram bandas em aproximadamente 524 nm, atribuÃdas a transiÃÃes do tipo MLCT. A investigaÃÃo teÃrica dos complexos sintetizados neste trabalho confirma que as bandas observadas nos espectros de UV-vis dos compostos sÃo similares Ãs observadas experimentalmente, sugerindo que as bases utilizadas nos cÃlculos de DFT sÃo capazes de descrever o perfil eletrÃnico dos complexos. Os espectros vibracionais na regiÃo do infravermelho exibiram bandas caracterÃsticas da presenÃa de ligantes bipiridÃnicos e quinonÃides. Os espectros de RMN de 1H e COSY exibiram os sinais indicativos da presenÃa dos ligantes quinonÃides substituÃdos, bem como as correlaÃÃes esperadas em cada caso. Os espectros de massa dos compostos NN-bqdi-Br e NN-bqdi-COOH exibiram fragmentos que confirmam a presenÃa dos respectivos ligantes quinonÃides nestes complexos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os complexos NN-bqdi-(CH3)2, NN-bqdi-COOH, NN-bqdi-Br e NN-bqdi-(Cl)2 foram obtidos e como perspectivas futuras, pretende-se estudar a performance destes compostos como corantes sensibilizadores em DSSCs.
Melo, Jefferson Lisboa. "Análise dos impactos econômicos da implantação de parques eólicos no Estado da Bahia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20466.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T11:03:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson Lisboa Melo.pdf: 3417543 bytes, checksum: 2263162ffc072452182f6e90daae8f7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-20
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The objective of this study is analyze the economic impacts of wind power plant imple-mentation in Bahia State, Brazil. Impact indicators are direct and indirect job creation, carbon emission levels, leases and taxes incomes. The study is based on theoretical research about renewable energies, more specifically in wind power and technological innovation in this sector. As research method, this study uses a descriptive approach, and qualitative content analysis of selected public documents. The evaluation of indi-cators presented social and economic benefits due to wind power plant implementation at Bahia State cities, and highlighted an outstanding increase of IFDM (index com-posed by employment, incomes, education, and health rates). Another important result was the legacy to the community, due to educational and cultural projects related to wind power plant development
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os impactos econômicos da implantação de par-ques eólicos no Estado da Bahia. Os indicadores de impacto são geração de empre-gos diretos e indiretos, níveis de emissão de carbono, renda gerada pelos arrenda-mentos e o recolhimento de tributos. O trabalho respalda-se em levantamento teórico sobre as energias renováveis e se aprofunda em energia eólica e a inovação tecnoló-gica do setor. Metodologia da pesquisa: descritiva com método qualitativo com análise de conteúdo nos documentos públicos coletados para o estudo. A análise dos indica-dores mostrou a ocorrência de benefícios econômicos e sociais decorrentes da im-plantação dos parques eólicos nos municípios na Bahia, destacando o expressivo au-mento do índice IFDM (composto por indicadores de emprego e renda, educação e saúde). Outro resultado importante, o legado para a comunidade decorrente de proje-tos culturais e educacionais associados à implantação dos parques
Розбицька, Анастасія, Людмила Миколаївна Бармашина, Anastasia Rosybitska, and Lyudmila Barmashina. "Використання альтернативних джерел енергії у проектуванні бізнес-центрів аеропортів." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/37973.
Full textFarias, Francisco Otávio Miranda. "Caracterização de biomassas brasileiras para fins de aproveitamento energético." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266820.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T02:09:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias_FranciscoOtavioMiranda_M.pdf: 9420514 bytes, checksum: 8644f4da67fe830ef92767386ae7fd1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Novas alternativas energéticas tem sido tema de discursos sobre conservação dos recursos naturais. Tais discursos baseiam-se principalmente na redução da emissão de gases de efeito estufa e outros poluentes, originados na sua maioria pelo uso de combustíveis fósseis, que ainda são a maior fonte geradora de energia da atualidade. Em vista da possibilidade de aplicação de biomassas como insumo energético, este trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental sobre potencialidade energética de seis biomassas de natureza vegetal. Além disso, foram realizados estudos sobre a escoabilidade destes materiais. As biomassas estudadas foram: casca de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), bagaço de cana (Saccharum officinarum L.), fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera), ouriço de castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa) e dois tipos de madeira: caixeta (Tabebuia cassiniodes Lam.) e jequitibá rosa (Cariniana legalis), que foram submetidos a caracterização física, térmica e de escoabilidade. As técnicas aplicadas foram: peneiramento, picnometria de gás hélio, métodos geométricos e microscopia eletrônica de varredura para a caracterização física e, as análises imediata e calorimétrica, para a caracterização térmica. As análises foram realizadas em um intervalo de granulometria previamente determinado entre as categorias B e D de Geldart. Os diâmetros médios estudados foram entre 0,5 e 3 mm, massa específica real entre 1450 kg/m³ e 1720 kg/m³, e esfericidades entre 0,42 e 0,60. A análise morfológica mostrou superfícies diferenciadas: rugosa (casca de arroz), cilíndrica (fibras de coco e bagaço de cana), elementos de vasos (madeiras), lenhosa envolvida por núcleo com pequenos poros cegos (ouriço de castanha do Brasil). A análise de escoabilidade das biomassas foi definida mediante os índices definido como razão de Hausner (RH) e compressibilidade de Carr (ICC), bem como ângulo de repouso. Os resultados mostraram escoabilidade boa ou razoável, com destaque para casca de arroz, o ouriço de castanha do Brasil e a madeira caixeta. Com isso, uma nova classificação sobre a escoabilidade foi proposta considerando os seguintes índices: classe 1 - boa (RH: 1 - 1,30; ICC: 5 - 15%; AOR:10 - 30º), classe 2- razoável (RH: 1,30 - 1,50; ICC: 15 - 25%; AOR: 30 - 45º), classe 3- baixa (RH: 1,50 - 1,80; ICC: 25 - 35%; AOR: 45 - 55º) e classe 4- difícil (RH: >1,80; ICC: >35%; AOR: >55º). Pela análise imediata foi detectado para as biomassas estudadas: alto teor de materiais voláteis (>80%), baixo teor de carbono fixo (<20%), e baixo teor de cinzas (< 16%). O poder calorífico é praticamente constante para os diâmetros considerados, tendo uma variação de 15 MJ/kg a 19 MJ/kg. De posse desses dados, conclui-se que as biomassas estudadas apresentam potencial energético favorável para aplicação como matérias-primas para geração de energia
Abstract: New energetic alternatives have been the subject of discussion about conservation of natural resources. Such discourses are based mainly on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, caused mostly by the use of fossil fuels, major source of energy today. In view of the applicability of biomass as energy input, this paper presents an experimental study on the potential energy of six vegetable biomasses in nature. Furthermore, studies were performed on the flowability of the foregoing. The biomasses studied were: rice husk (Oryza sativa L.), sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.), coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera), hedgehog Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and two types of timber, caixeta (Tabebuia cassiniodes Lam.) and jequitibá-rosa (Cariniana legalis), and, which were submitted by physical, thermal and flowability characterizations. The techniques applied were: screening, helium pycnometry, geometric methods and scanning electron microscopy for the physical characterization and immediate and calorimetric analysis for the thermal characterization. The analyses were performed in a range of particle size previous determined, between B and D categories of Geldart. The mean diameters were studied between 0.5 and 3 mm, absolute density between 1450 kg/m³ and 1720 kg/m³ and sphericity between 0.42 e 0.60. Morphological analysis showed different surfaces: rough (rice husk), cylindrical (coconut fiber and sugarcane bagasse), vessel elements (wood), woody surrounded by core with blind small pores (hedgehog Brazil nut). The flowability analysis of biomass has been defined by the index set, Hausner ratio (RH) and Carr compressibility (ICC), as well as angle of repose (AOR). The results showed that the most of the materials showed good or reasonable flowability especially rice husk, the hedgehog Brazil nut and caixeta timber. Thus, a new classification on the flowability was proposed considering the following indexes: Class 1 - Good (HR: 1 - 1.30; CCI: 5 - 15%; ROA:10 - 30º), Class 2 - reasonable (HR: 1.30 - 1.50; ICC: 15 - 25%; AOR: 30 - 45º), Class 3 - Low (RH: 1.50 - 1.80; ICC: 25 - 35%; AOR: 45 - 55º) and class 4 - difficult (RH: >1.80; ICC: >35%; AOR: >55º). For immediate analysis, it was detected: high content of volatile materials (> 80%), low fixed carbon content (<20%) and low ash (<16%). The calorific value is substantially constant for the diameters considered, varying from 15 MJ / kg to 19 MJ / kg. With these data, we conclude that the biomasses present energy potential favorable for application as raw materials for power generation
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
DELLA, CAMPA MARCELLO ITALO. "PROCESS INNOVATIONS FOR QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTION IN A SHORT SUPPLY CHAIN CONTEXT USING CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/230012.
Full textAbstract The survival of many small and very small businesses that characterize the Italian agricultural context, depends on their ability to differentiate their products and the propensity to turn toward new forms of income, such as farmers' markets and network trade. Certainly the Italy’s Finance Act of 2007 gave a powerful boost to everything that revolves around the short supply chain in agro-food sector. Such a change, however, requires structural changes in companies indeed. The consequent metamorphosis also relates with the company technological facilities and the ability to use it. A study conducted by the project MIERI, shows that the equipment's market for food industrial production offers a very narrow range of small size equipments. Enterprises who would like to enter the promising markets connected to the processed food trade in the context of a short chain cannot easily find, on the facilities market, technological solutions consistent with their needs. Modern food industry is constantly looking for new paths in order to obtain original products. More and more often the attention during their development is focused on their healthiness and naturalness. In this context small producers are penalized due to several reasons, mostly depending on food safety and a lack of technology. Recently, research on small food processing plants is giving new tools to small and craft producers. It is now possible to combine food safety and quality, typical of big factory, with high quality raw materials, typical at many craft producer, thus solving many typical problems of craft producers, related to food security, technology, logistics and accessibility. In recent years the focus on the implementation of alternative energy sources use and the reduction of scrap and waste, aimed in the direction of a more sustainable production, has become a global issue. Unlike big industry, small and very small producers own the characteristics to include in their production cycles both the use of renewable energy and the option to operate careful policies aimed to a real reduction of scrap and waste. This study focused firstly on developing a number of food products, taking into account the above, namely: link with the territory, local traditions, food quality and safety, use of alternative energy. Secondly, the study focused on the verification both by a biochemical and a sensory point of view of the developed foods quality. As final analysis is carried out an energy balance concerning the productions that allow the use of alternative energies. During this study were developed 14 products: 4 types of marmalade, 1 multifunctional sugar substitute, 3 dried products, 5 types of yogurt, 1 type of fruit candy. Their study and production took place by means of two prototype systems: a miniaturized processing line and a solar drier system. For each product type was followed the behavior of one or more process biochemical markers (thermally unstable molecules considered important from the nutritional point of view). In most of the products developed were obtained good results in sensory tests and was observed a considerable retention of the quality processing markers thus both confirming the good quality of the products developed. The markers retention varies according to the specific product and the technological treatments used. Moreover, sensory analysis, gave results that reflect a high overall liking of the products tested (where performed). The trials performed with the aim to evaluate the use of alternative energy sources for the production of foods or semi-finished products gave clearly positive results, despite, in some cases, the experimental and plant conditions have been observed as limiting.
Dester, Mauricio. "Propostas para a construção da matriz de energia elétrica brasileira com foco na sustentabilidade do processo de expansão da oferta e segurança no suprimento da carga." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264640.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T11:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dester_Mauricio_D.pdf: 5389676 bytes, checksum: 7c5e6ad30bbd780ddf1b9300f7cc4317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A eletricidade é bem de consumo e também insumo posicionado dentre aqueles considerados essenciais para a sociedade moderna. Neste contexto, o planejamento e a construção de uma matriz de energia elétrica é questão de importância capital não somente para o setor elétrico, como também para o desenvolvimento do Brasil. A constituição desta matriz deve ser pautada, sobretudo, pelo aspecto sustentabilidade. Neste sentido, sua concepção deve, imprescindivelmente, contemplar todas as perspectivas que permeiam o processo estratégico que a origina, a saber: técnica, econômica e sócio-ambiental. Somente balizado por estas óticas é possível proporcionar a expansão da oferta de energia elétrica de forma sustentável e com segurança no que concerne ao atendimento pleno da demanda, um requisito indispensável para que este serviço possa ser um sólido sustentáculo de um processo maior: o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da sociedade brasileira. A participação das fontes renováveis na matriz de energia elétrica é fator desejável e colabora, de forma meritória no que diz respeito aos impactos ambientais decorrentes da produção de eletricidade. Todavia, há algumas questões de ordem econômica e principalmente técnica as quais devem ser tratadas e lapidadas de forma a eliminar as lacunas existentes, permitindo que se possa estabelecer planos de expansão da oferta de eletricidade sustentáveis sob todos os pontos de vista. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é proporcionar e aprofundar o debate sobre estas questões e apresentar uma solução que propicie a integração das fontes renováveis na matriz de energia elétrica brasileira mantendo a confiabilidade no atendimento da carga. Outrossim, não somente os aspectos técnico e econômico foram contemplados na análise, mas, também o socioambiental, possibilitando assim oferecer subsídios para a evolução da oferta com orientação para a sustentabilidade. Para elaboração da proposta foi realizado um estudo abrangente sobre as principais fontes primárias a partir das quais é possível produzir eletricidade, além de uma revisão de todo o extenso e complexo caminho pelo qual passou o setor de planejamento da expansão desde seus primórdios até o modelo atual. São também apresentados vários pontos de vista sobre as dificuldades encontradas pelo planejador, desde os empecilhos de ordem regulatória, passando por aqueles oriundos de uma falta de coordenação dentre os setores do governo envolvidos no problema, até as questões de ordem ambiental. Por fim, no decorrer do trabalho e particularmente ao concluí-lo, propõe-se um conjunto de medidas estratégicas por intermédio das quais se pode construir uma matriz de energia elétrica segura e sustentável e lograr êxito, sob as perspectivas técnica, econômica e socioambiental, ao se realizar o planejamento da expansão da oferta, seja no horizonte de curto, médio ou longo prazos
Abstract: Electricity is not just a consumer good but also an input which commands a place amongst those goods considered essential to modern society. In this context, the planning and construction of an electricity matrix is a question of paramount importance, not just for the electricity sector but also for Brazil's development as a whole. The establishment of this matrix should, above all, be regulated with an emphasis on sustainability. In this regard, its conception must necessarily embrace all the perspectives that imbue the strategic process that gives rise to it: technical, economic and socio-environmental. Delimited by these viewpoints alone, it is possible to provide the sustainable expansion of an electric power supply that is also secure in terms of being able to fully meet demand. This is a fundamental prerequisite to this service becoming a solid base for a larger process, namely the socio-economic development of Brazilian society. The participation of renewable energy sources in the electric energy matrix is a desirable factor and contributes laudably to the mitigation of environmental impacts resulting from the electricity generation. Nevertheless, there are several issues of an economic and mainly technical nature which have to be dealt with and refined in order to close the existing gaps and enable plans to be established, that are sustainable from all points of view, for the expansion of an electric power supply. The main aim of this study is to prompt, and study in greater depth, the debate over these issues and present a solution that delivers the integration of renewable sources into Brazil's electricity matrix while maintaining reliability of load fulfillment. Similarly, not only were the technical and economic aspects covered in the analysis but also the socio-environmental aspects, thereby making it possible to provide support for the evolution of a sustainability-oriented supply. For the purposes of drafting this proposal, a wide-ranging study was conducted of the principal primary sources from which it is possible to generate electricity, as well as a review of the long and complex path which the expansion planning sector has taken, from its outset through to the current model. Various points of view are also put forward about the difficulties encountered by the planner, ranging from the regulatory obstacles to those arising from a lack of coordination between the government sectors involved in the problem and to issues of an environmental nature. Finally, throughout the study and in particular in its conclusion, a set of strategic measures is proposed through which a secure, sustainable electricity matrix can be constructed from a technical, economic and socio-environmental perspective, which is successful in carrying out supply expansion planning in the short, medium and long term
Doutorado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
Gorenstein, Dedecca João 1985. "Barreiras à geração eólioelétrica no Brasil e na Argentina : uma aplicação do método de análise hierárquica." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264683.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T21:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GorensteinDedecca_Joao_M.pdf: 1256225 bytes, checksum: d8985565d3b008d0a9e5f1a65f60c4ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Este trabalho utilizou o método de análise hierárquica (AHP, amplamente aplicado ao estudo de questões energéticas) e entrevistas para identificar as principais barreiras ao desenvolvimento eólico na Argentina e no Brasil, segundo a percepção de especialistas de ambos os países, com o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia que pode ser aplicada ao estudo de outras tecnologias emergentes de geração. A metodologia indicou haver grande concordância entre os resultados das entrevistas e da aplicação do AHP, além de cada ferramenta complementar as principais contribuições da outra. Muitas barreiras identificadas resultam da formatação dos setores elétricos, identificando-se, contudo, um maior consenso sobre as barreiras entre especialistas argentinos. Este trabalho identificou também a tendência de manutenção do desenvolvimento da geração eolioelétrica nos dois países, apesar das barreiras levantadas e da percepção de implantação de medidas paliativas no sistema elétrico argentino, com a falta de medidas mais abrangentes
Abstract: This study used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP, largely used in the study of energy matters) and interviews to identify the main barriers to the development of wind power in Argentina and Brazil, according to the perceptions of specialists from both countries, with the development of a methodology that may be applied to the study of other emerging power generation technologies. The methodology indicated a great consistency between results from interviews and the application of the AHP, besides each tool complementing the other's main contributions. Many identified barriers result from the configuration of the power sectors, although a greater consensus on barriers was seen among Argentinean specialists. This study also identified the tendency of maintenance of the development of wind power generation in both countries, in spite of the surveyed barriers and the perception of the implantation of palliative measures to the Argentinean power sections, in detriment of more comprehensive measures
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
Martins, Juliana Marinho Cavalcanti. "Estudo dos principais mecanismos de incentivo às fontes renováveis alternativas de energia no setor elétrico." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264131.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T02:35:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_JulianaMarinhoCavalcanti_M.pdf: 986576 bytes, checksum: 2e0d46c140f02083a2c9d967645d5e63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Mecanismos regulatórios de incentivo às fontes renováveis alternativas de energia estão sendo adotados, em vários países, como forma de estímulo à produção de energia por meio destas fontes. Estes instrumentos sofreram algumas adaptações para se ajustarem às expectativas dos agentes de mercado e, com isso, novas metodologias foram sendo aplicadas. No âmbito internacional, o sistema Feed-in, o sistema de leilões e o sistema de quotas são os mecanismos mais aplicados. No Brasil, o estímulo à geração de energia por meio destas fontes foi adotado com maior expressão a partir do lançamento do Proinfa em 2002. Posteriormente, os leilões foram sendo incorporados na regulação do mercado de energia renovável, como forma de promover um aumento na capacidade de geração com fontes renováveis. O presente trabalho pretende caracterizar e classificar os instrumentos adotados em âmbito internacional e nacional, explicitando as diferenças e similaridades entre os mesmos. Por fim, é realizada uma análise preliminar da eficácia destes instrumentos, dando um enfoque especial aos critérios de alcance de metas, de aumento da capacidade instalada e de redução de custos das bandas tecnológicas
Abstract: Regulatory mechanisms to encourage renewable and alternative energy are being adopted in several countries as a way to stimulate the production of energy through these sources. These instruments have undergone some adjustments to fulfill the expectations of market players and thus, new methodologies have been applied. Internationally, the Feed-in system, the tender system and the quota system are the mechanisms usually applied. In Brazil, the stimulus to the generation of energy through these sources was used with greater expression from the launch of Proinfa in 2002. Subsequently, the auctions were being incorporated in the regulation of renewable energy market, in order to promote an increase in generation capacity from renewable sources. This work intend to characterize and classify the instruments adopted at international and national levels, highlighting the differences and similarities between them. Finally, we performed a preliminary analysis of the effectiveness of these instruments, with a special focus on the ability to reach policy goals, capacity growth and cost reduction of technology bands
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Белянко, О. О. "Розробка технічної документації та виготовлення двигуна Стірлінга." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/21030.
Full textВ магістерську роботу входить реферат, вступ, 4 розділи, висновки. В дипломі описується стан питання, робиться тепловий розрахунок двигуна Стірлінга, описується змодельована конструкція, а також наводиться інформація про екологічність двигуна та описується інструкція про безпеку в приміщенні, в якому створювався макет двигуна.
The master`s work includes an abstract, introduction, 4 chapters, conclusions. The diploma describes the state of the matter, the thermal calculation of the Stirling engine is done, the technique for creating the demonstration model is described, the information on the engine`s ecology is also given and an approximate safety instruction is given in the room in which the layout was manufactured.
Андрієнко, Ніна Ігорівна, Нина Игоревна Андриенко, Nina Ihorivna Andriienko, and Т. Олтушевська. "Перспективи розвитку альтернативних джерел енергії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31645.
Full text