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1
Paddock, Jessica. "Class, food, culture : exploring 'alternative' food consumption." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/27436/.
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Contributing empirically, methodologically and conceptually to the body of work that remains unconvinced of the ‘death of class’ (Pahl 1989), this thesis explores the resonance of class culture in contemporary ‘alternative’ food practice. Indeed, arising from disenchantment with conventional industrial food production and supply chains, ‘alternative’ food networks aim to provide a means to reconnect consumers, producers and food (Kneafsey et al. 2008). By taking seriously the act of shopping for food as culturally meaningful and not merely a practice of routinely provisioning the home (Lunt and Livingstone 1992) this thesis then argues that ‘alternative’ food practice provides a platform for the performance of class identities. That is, both structurally and culturally, class is thought to matter to people (Sayer 2011), and is elucidated and reproduced through food practice. By means of mixed methods data collection; participant observation, survey, semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, this study provides support for a Bourdieusian approach to class analysis. In particular, the thesis makes use of Bourdieu’s toolkit of concepts by conceiving of class as a relative ‘position’. This is understood to be achieved via the moral derision of the ‘other’, where participants draw moral boundaries between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ foods and the ‘good’ or ‘bad’ who partake in its consumption. In this way, the field of ‘alternative’ food practice seems not only ground from which to observe class. Rather, ‘alternative’ food is understood to be appropriated as a resource of ‘distinction’ (Bourdieu 1984) that is then figured in the very maintenance and reproduction of class culture. This interface between class, food and culture may prove consequential for those seeking substantive alternatives to conventional foodways. Crucially, it is argued that by imagining less socially and culturally uniform strategies to promote ‘alternative’ food practice, we may unlock their potential to provide an equitable and sustainable food future. To this end, by elucidating the moral significance of class in the field of ‘alternative’ food practice, this thesis has wider implications in carving a role for sociological enquiry in the emerging field of ‘sustainability science’ (Marsden 2011).
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Schoonenberg, Rolf. "Alternative containers for preserving peaches." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/820.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Food Technology)) -- Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1992<br>Kakamas peaches and Bulida apricots were heat processed in
transparent and aluminium laminated plastic bags and
compared with fruit heat processed in standard cans. Heat
processing conditions were optimized to produce acceptable
processed products. Appropriate chemical and
microbiological properties of all treatments as well as
sensory quality of peaches were investigated. Although
rectifiable disadvantages such as texture softening and
fading of colour appeared during storage, peaches and
apricots were successfully heat processed in aluminium
laminated pouches. Heat processed peaches had a maximum
storage life of 12 months and apricots 6 months when stored
at ambient temperature in aluminium laminated pouches.
3
Guan, Tao. "Alternative Food Production Landscape in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254557.
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Trimble, Daniella Patricia. "Alternative Food Venues and Food Waste: From Cultivation to Consumption." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244835.
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In 2010, 33 million tons of food made its way to landfills in the United States alone (Environmental Protection Agency 2012). That same year 925 million people worldwide were undernourished, 98 percent of them in developing countries (Food and Agriculture Organization 2010). It is this contrast and threats to future global food production that has motivated the study of food systems and particularly of food waste. Existing literature on consumer level food waste almost exclusively emphasizes quantifying and characterizing the behavior of the average American consumer (Gallo 1980, Griffin 2009, Rathje 1996, Van Garde 1987). One question that has garnered far less attention from scholars, however, is how and why a small percentage of American consumers are beginning to make concerted efforts to prevent their personal food waste. This study analyzes survey and interview responses from target groups who acquire their food from non-conventional, alternative market sources in an attempt to find the reasons why certain individuals waste less than the average American consumer. The interview data suggests that consumer participants in these markets experience elevated value and sentiment toward their foods, which ultimately results in heightened consciousness surrounding both food consumption and disposal.
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Calvário, Rita. "Building emancipatory strategies, producing political subjects: alternative food economies in the basque country and Greece in the crisis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400476.
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Las economías alternativas se presentan comúnmente como un resultado de la voluntad, o como una reacción espontánea y acumulativa a un impacto, ya sea la crisis o el neoliberalismo en general. Su destino es transformar el mundo, ya sea gradualmente o a través del choque de modelos. Por otro lado, las perspectivas críticas generalmente las ven como un producto del neoliberalismo, o incluso del capitalismo: condenadas a la cooptación y la marginalidad, o simplemente encarnando formas, prácticas y subjetividades neoliberales. En esta tesis, expongo una explicación alternativa a cerca de por qué y cómo emergen y se desarrollan las economías alternativas, así como una perspectiva diferente a través de la cual evaluar su potencial transformador.
Investigo estas cuestiones examinando las economías alimentarias alternativas en la crisis económica posterior a 2008. Con el fin de obtener una comprensión profunda de los acontecimientos de la vida real incluidos en el contexto, baso mi investigación en dos estudios de caso: los nuevos campesinos agroecológicos en el País Vasco (España) y las distribuciones de alimentos solidarios "no intermediarios" en Grecia. Basada en investigación de campo, herramientas de ecología política y soberanía alimentaria, y sobre las ideas de Bensaïd y Gramsci sobre política, esta tesis trata de cuestiones conceptuales y prácticas relacionadas con la resistencia al neoliberalismo, las estrategias emancipadoras y la agencia política.
Mi argumento principal es que las economías alimentarias alternativas pueden ser una parte integral de las estrategias activistas que participan en las luchas por la hegemonía, que buscan producir sujetos críticos y activos y, en última instancia, mover a los subalternos a una posición de liderazgo. En el País Vasco, la desnaturalización de las ideas y prácticas hegemónicas sobre el agronegocio y la normalización de las alternativas campesinas es un enfoque clave de la estrategia de los pequeños agricultores de construir alianzas y un amplio movimiento social que lucha por la soberanía alimentaria. En Grecia, abordar las dificultades de los agricultores y la inseguridad alimentaria a través de la solidaridad es un paso estratégico hacia el avance de las ideas y prácticas de contra-austeridad y en la activación de los sujetos en la actividad “práctica-crítica”.
Mientras que las economías alimentarias alternativas pueden brindar oportunidades para politizar las cuestiones sociales, crear espacios de politización y autoorganización del subalterno y generar procesos de aprendizaje sobre cómo las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza pueden organizarse de manera diferente, también enfrentan desafíos, ya que no están fuera (porque no hay un exterior) del capitalismo. Las dificultades a las que se enfrentan los productores agroecológicos son un llamado a prestar más atención a la relación entre tiempo de trabajo y tiempo para la política en modelos alternativos. Los esfuerzos para desarrollar alternativas deben centrarse en proporcionar las condiciones materiales y subjetivas para activar a los sujetos en la actividad política. Aquí es relevante una política que aborda las necesidades de la reproducción social y construye una “política de esperanza”. De hecho, las luchas ambientales pueden involucrar metas sociales y políticas más amplias que van más allá de las preocupaciones sobre el acceso a los recursos o la seguridad de los medios de subsistencia. Esto demuestra la relación productiva entre diversas luchas.<br>Alternative economies are commonly depicted as a product of the will of individuals or groups, or as a spontaneous and cumulative reaction to an impact, be it crisis or neoliberalism more generally. Their fate is to transform the world, either gradually or through the clash of models. On the other hand, critics usually see them as a product of neoliberalism, or even capitalism. They are condemned thus to co-optation and marginality, or they just embody neoliberal forms, practices, and subjectivities. In this thesis, I chart an alternative explanation for why and how alternative economies emerge and develop, as well as provide a different lens through which to understand their transformative potential.
I investigate these questions by looking at alternative food economies in the post-2008 economic crisis. In order to gain a deep comprehension of real-life events embedded in context, I base my research on two case-studies: the case of new agroecological ‘peasants’ in the Basque Country (Spain), and that of ‘no-middlemen’ solidarity food distributions in Greece. Drawing on fieldwork research, on analytical tools derived from political ecology and food sovereignty literatures, and on Bensaïd’s and Gramsci’s insights on radical politics, this thesis deals with important conceptual and practical questions regarding resistance to neoliberalism, emancipatory strategies, and political agency.
My main argument is that alternative food economies can be an integral part of activist strategies engaged in struggles over hegemony, which seek to produce critical and active subjects and, ultimately, move the subaltern to a position of leadership. In the Basque Country, denaturalizing hegemonic ideas and practices regarding agribusiness, and normalizing peasant alternatives, is a key focus of small farmers’ strategy of building alliances and a large social movement fighting for food sovereignty. In Greece, tackling famers’ difficulties and food insecurity through ‘solidarity’ is a strategic step towards advancing counter-austerity ideas and practices to engage people in ‘practical-critical’ activity.
Whereas alternative food economies may provide opportunities to politicize politics, create spaces of politicization and self-organization of the subaltern, and generate learning processes on how society-nature relations can be organized differently, they also face challenges, as they are not outside (because there is no outside to) capitalism. The difficulties faced by agroecological producers call us to pay more attention to the relation between working-time and free-time for politics in alternative models. Efforts to develop alternatives must focus on providing the subaltern with the material and subjective conditions that enable them to become ‘agents of their own history’. A politics that tackles social reproduction needs and builds a ‘politics of hope’ is therefore relevant. Indeed, environmental struggles may involve broader social and political goals, beyond concerns over access to resources and the environment or securing livelihoods; this shows the productive relationship between diverse struggles.
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Anderson, Destinee R. "Ohmic heating as an alternative food processing technology." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/610.
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Aló, Raquel Moreira. "Effects of alternative-food sources on operant behavior." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5810.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 68 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-68).
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Tyrrell, Delia Ley. "An Ecofeminist Critique of the Alternative Food Movement." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/797.
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The alternative food movement is often viewed as a more moral or ethical choice compared to the industrialized food system. Because the horrors of the industrialized food system have entered public knowledge through numerous documentaries and books, consumers are looking for an alternative. Purchasing local, organic, seasonal, and fresh produce is marketed as a solution. This thesis critiques the alternative food movement for its numerous flaws using an ecofeminist lens.
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Beischer, Ailsa. "Community gleaning, food injustice, and the alternative food movement in Kelowna, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58348.
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This thesis applies a food justice lens to explore the inequities within Kelowna, B.C.’s emerging alternative food movement (AFM). This lens is further used to examine the practice of gleaning and its opportunities for food access and inclusivity. By drawing on critical race theory and post-structural feminist theory, under the broader umbrella of community based participatory research principles, this study challenges the existing discourse of ‘local food’ in Kelowna. The primary research question focuses on the lived experience of food injustice in Kelowna’s AFM to investigate the often-invisible realities of individuals at the margins of this movement. A secondary question focuses on how a community-gleaning project in Kelowna is making issues of food injustice more visible in the AFM. Findings suggest that, although Kelowna is an affluent agricultural community with an aspiring AFM, it is not exempt from the structural causes of hunger; rather, it tends to overlook issues of food inequity because it prioritizes local, healthy, and sustainable food without acknowledging the systemic challenges to accessing this type of food. This study also finds that Kelowna’s gleaning project is harnessing the issue of food waste to create an opportunity for engaging with food justice across diverse populations. This research is not representative of a majority of individuals experiencing food injustice, but instead focuses on a few in-depth experiences that act as a starting point for understanding and contending with food injustice. The participatory and praxis-centred approach used in this thesis emerged as a pragmatic tool that shows how a food justice approach can re-create a foodscape that acknowledges those at the margins and is inclusive, participatory, and enables all people to access healthy, local food.<br>Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)<br>Graduate
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Wilbur, Andrew Mahaffey. "Seeding alternatives : back-to-the-land migration and alternative agro-food networks in Northern Italy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3440/.
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This thesis explores ‘back-to-the-land’ migration in Northern Italy with reference to the social, political and economic networks that sustain it. ‘Back-to-the-land’ generally refers to the adoption of agriculture as a full-time vocation by people who have come from non-agricultural lifestyles. For categorical clarity in this project, research participants were limited to those from predominantly urban backgrounds, most of whom worked in service sector jobs before moving to the countryside. Many geographical studies have examined urban to rural migration but these have focused almost primarily on migrants who are not engaged in agriculture. This research traces theorisations of urban to rural migration within the discipline, situating back-to-the-land as part of broader counterculture practices originating in the 1960s. Many current expressions of back-to-the-land, however, reveal an attempt to address contemporary social, environmental and economic concerns, representing both a trajectory and an evolution from 1960s origins. Empirical research was conducted in four northern regions of Italy, looking specifically at urban to rural migrants engaged in organic or other ‘alternative’ forms of agriculture. Three simple questions informed the methodology and theoretical perspectives employed: 1) Why do people go back-to-the-land?; 2) How do they obtain the requisite skills to become competent farmers?; 3) How do they make this lifestyle economically sustainable? Answering these questions demands attention to how new farmers are inspired, supported and sustained by alternative agro-food networks (AAFNs). The research therefore explores the reciprocal relationships between back-to-the-landers and AAFNs, examining how new farmers can stimulate and influence AAFNs in addition to receiving their support. These issues are explored through interviews with back-to-the- landers and institutional representatives of AAFNs, as well participant observation in alternative agriculture projects. Particular attention is given to the organisations Slow Food, Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF) and Associazione per Esperienze (APE), primarily with regard to their respective roles in enabling back-to-the-land migration.
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Canal, Vieira Leticia. "Creating sustainable and resilient urban food systems: A study of Australian alternative food networks." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392015.
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Food systems are vulnerable to the impacts of resource scarcity, climate change, and population growth, as well as the issues associated with unsustainable social, environmental and economic practices. These challenges have encouraged local food systems as an alternative to global supply chains. This thesis studies this trend at the urban level in order to explore issues and opportunities for change. It argues that urban food systems need to embrace both sustainability and resilience. A sustainable urban food system has an economy that serves social needs while safely operating within ecological limits. Resilience, on the other hand, includes the ability to recover from shocks such as extreme weather events, as well as the capacity to adapt and ultimately transform in response to the ongoing impacts of climate change.
The main research question that this thesis investigates is “How can alternative food networks help to foster sustainable and resilient urban food systems considering climate change and increased urbanisation?” A comparative case study approach was used involving local initiatives in the Brisbane and greater Melbourne metropolitan regions (Australia). Both Australian urban areas have similar economic development; however, differences can be found in terms of institutional interest and the existence of food policies. The gathering of a diverse picture of alternative food networks was the strategy adopted for selecting the initiatives that participated in this research. The criteria that alternative food networks should attend were the existence of goals related to access to healthy food, fairer conditions for food workers, and reduction of environmental impacts. The thesis used multiple sources of data including primary (semi-structured interviews with founders or members of initiatives and field observation) and secondary data (publicly available documents such as annual reports).
The findings of this research contribute to the conceptualisation and planning of sustainable and resilient urban food systems, as well as, to the knowledge on the role and limitations of alternative food networks in achieving this. The case study conducted in this thesis revealed how alternative food networks can contribute to the creation of food provision systems that are aligned with environmental sustainability and social justice. The thesis exposed the particularities of initiatives that, among other aspects, have minimal food loss and waste, supports agroecology, provides farmers with fair payment and makes organic food affordable. Alternative food networks demonstrated to have resilience building capacity, something that is not confined to its borders and can impact on the whole urban food system. Alternative food networks’ values travel and allow the replication and creation of new models, however, not in the pace necessary for a wider urban food system transformation. The main challenge exposed by this thesis for alternative food networks is the need for scaling up by influencing institutions and policies more broadly.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Environment and Sc<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Mikosi, Khathutshelo. "“Exploring the contribution of alternative food systems towards food security: a case study of the siyazenzela food garden project”." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31545.
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In South African urban centres the development of Alternative Food Systems (AFS) have been partially attributed with seeking to overcome the exclusion enforced through the apartheid regime’s racial planning policies. It was during this period that poor African households were forcibly relocated to the periphery of urban areas, creating even greater distances between themselves and everyday amenities, such as food retailers, which were typically found in more affluent zones. As a result, AFS emerged through informal activities to reduce the lack of access to necessary resources that these underserved communities experienced. Even at the end of the apartheid regime and the subsequent increased expansion of formal food retailers in many of these low-income communities, access to food continues to be major challenge. Consequently, AFS fulfil an essential role by providing low income neighbourhoods with alternative and affordable sources of food. This research examines the extent to which AFS, such as the Siyazenzela food garden project, contribute to food security for the Phiri community in Soweto and if it is feasible for the project to meet these needs single-handedly. The results indicate that the project plays an important role by providing locals with accessible, fresh, diverse, affordable and culturally acceptable foods. However, one of the considerable challenges for the initiative is its inability to maintain a constant supply of produce throughout the year. This leaves many of its patrons having to seek food from other sources, which may not necessarily offer the same quality and affordable goods, or they resort to consuming less fresh produce. Therefore, the study brings to the surface the need to question how such systems function and if their methods always result in safe, healthier and environmentally friendly grown produce as the literature assert.
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ca, rebecca schiff@mail mcgill, and Rebecca Schiff. "Food Policy Councils: An Examination of Organisational Structure, Process, and Contribution to Alternative Food Movements." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070906.103640.
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The contemporary global food system is plagued by a myriad of problems. In recognition of the problematic nature of the conventional food system, practitioners and researchers have sought, throughout the past century, alternative, sustainable food production, consumption, and exchange systems. Some of the solutions proposed for these problems suggest the establishment of new institutional forms such as that of the food policy council, an organisation which, through the embodiment of a food systems perspective, proposes innovative local and regional level solutions to food systems problems.
Over the past two decades numerous food policy councils (FPCs) have been created in North America and Australia. Research on FPCs still remains minimal, leaving many gaps in knowledge as to the role of these organisations concerning the ways that they can and do contribute to the sustainable development of food systems and alternative food movements. Research to date on the organisational structure of FPCs lacks consideration of organisation theory and the relatively substantial body of literature dealing with evaluation of collaborative, interagency organisations, an organisational type closely related to FPCs. There is a lack of consideration as to definition of the role of FPCs within the broader context of sustainable food systems movements and the procedures and protocol for effectiveness in achieving outcomes and fulfilling these roles.
Considering the significant gaps in knowledge, this research focusses on identifying a clear definition of the mission or roles of FPCs and investigates some of the previously unexplored organisational characteristics of FPCs as a foundation for identifying what may lead to best-practice organisational structure and process in fulfilling these roles. Since there is limited information and research to date specifically on FPCs, a qualitative and more specifically grounded theory approach was taken to provide an exploratory and reflexive research design framework. This design incorporated a continuous, interactive layering of data collection, classification, and analysis. Following a preliminary literature review, the inquiry focussed primarily on the gathering of information directly from FPCs involving several different types and sources of data.
Research findings revealed several aspects of food policy council objectives that can be considered together as defining the organisational role of FPCs. This provides a basis for determining the most effective administrative structure and operations management for fulfilling this role. Findings and analysis also indicated certain components of structure and process that can lead to effectiveness in terms of capacity building and fulfilling organisational roles. A model of FPC structure is developed and presented to summarise these findings, considering those components revealed through the research as contributing most to effective FPC operation. The development of this model from a broad and diverse representative sample, indicates that such modelling of structure and process may be applicable to transferring the concept of and creating FPCs in new locations.
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Schiff, Rebecca. "Food policy councils: an examination of organisational structure, process, and contribution to alternative food movements." Thesis, Schiff, Rebecca (2007) Food policy councils: an examination of organisational structure, process, and contribution to alternative food movements. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/293/.
Full textAbstract:
The contemporary global food system is plagued by a myriad of problems. In recognition of the problematic nature of the conventional food system, practitioners and researchers have sought, throughout the past century, alternative, sustainable food production, consumption, and exchange systems. Some of the solutions proposed for these problems suggest the establishment of new institutional forms such as that of the food policy council, an organisation which, through the embodiment of a food systems perspective, proposes innovative local and regional level solutions to food systems problems.
Over the past two decades numerous food policy councils (FPCs) have been created in North America and Australia. Research on FPCs still remains minimal, leaving many gaps in knowledge as to the role of these organisations concerning the ways that they can and do contribute to the sustainable development of food systems and 'alternative food movements'. Research to date on the organisational structure of FPCs lacks consideration of organisation theory and the relatively substantial body of literature dealing with evaluation of collaborative, interagency organisations, an organisational type closely related to FPCs. There is a lack of consideration as to definition of the role of FPCs within the broader context of sustainable food systems movements and the procedures and protocol for effectiveness in achieving outcomes and fulfilling these roles.
Considering the significant gaps in knowledge, this research focusses on identifying a clear definition of the mission or roles of FPCs and investigates some of the previously unexplored organisational characteristics of FPCs as a foundation for identifying what may lead to 'best-practice' organisational structure and process in fulfilling these roles. Since there is limited information and research to date specifically on FPCs, a qualitative and more specifically grounded theory approach was taken to provide an exploratory and reflexive research design framework. This design incorporated a continuous, interactive layering of data collection, classification, and analysis. Following a preliminary literature review, the inquiry focussed primarily on the gathering of information directly from FPCs involving several different types and sources of data.
Research findings revealed several aspects of food policy council objectives that can be considered together as defining the organisational role of FPCs. This provides a basis for determining the most effective administrative structure and operations management for fulfilling this role. Findings and analysis also indicated certain components of structure and process that can lead to effectiveness in terms of capacity building and fulfilling organisational roles. A model of FPC structure is developed and presented to summarise these findings, considering those components revealed through the research as contributing most to effective FPC operation. The development of this model from a broad and diverse representative sample, indicates that such modelling of structure and process may be applicable to transferring the concept of and creating FPCs in new locations.
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Schiff, Rebecca. "Food policy councils: an examination of organisational structure, process, and contribution to alternative food movements." Schiff, Rebecca (2007) Food policy councils: an examination of organisational structure, process, and contribution to alternative food movements. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/293/.
Full textAbstract:
The contemporary global food system is plagued by a myriad of problems. In recognition of the problematic nature of the conventional food system, practitioners and researchers have sought, throughout the past century, alternative, sustainable food production, consumption, and exchange systems. Some of the solutions proposed for these problems suggest the establishment of new institutional forms such as that of the food policy council, an organisation which, through the embodiment of a food systems perspective, proposes innovative local and regional level solutions to food systems problems.
Over the past two decades numerous food policy councils (FPCs) have been created in North America and Australia. Research on FPCs still remains minimal, leaving many gaps in knowledge as to the role of these organisations concerning the ways that they can and do contribute to the sustainable development of food systems and 'alternative food movements'. Research to date on the organisational structure of FPCs lacks consideration of organisation theory and the relatively substantial body of literature dealing with evaluation of collaborative, interagency organisations, an organisational type closely related to FPCs. There is a lack of consideration as to definition of the role of FPCs within the broader context of sustainable food systems movements and the procedures and protocol for effectiveness in achieving outcomes and fulfilling these roles.
Considering the significant gaps in knowledge, this research focusses on identifying a clear definition of the mission or roles of FPCs and investigates some of the previously unexplored organisational characteristics of FPCs as a foundation for identifying what may lead to 'best-practice' organisational structure and process in fulfilling these roles. Since there is limited information and research to date specifically on FPCs, a qualitative and more specifically grounded theory approach was taken to provide an exploratory and reflexive research design framework. This design incorporated a continuous, interactive layering of data collection, classification, and analysis. Following a preliminary literature review, the inquiry focussed primarily on the gathering of information directly from FPCs involving several different types and sources of data.
Research findings revealed several aspects of food policy council objectives that can be considered together as defining the organisational role of FPCs. This provides a basis for determining the most effective administrative structure and operations management for fulfilling this role. Findings and analysis also indicated certain components of structure and process that can lead to effectiveness in terms of capacity building and fulfilling organisational roles. A model of FPC structure is developed and presented to summarise these findings, considering those components revealed through the research as contributing most to effective FPC operation. The development of this model from a broad and diverse representative sample, indicates that such modelling of structure and process may be applicable to transferring the concept of and creating FPCs in new locations.
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Richards, Richard Roberto. "Short Food Supply Chains: Expectations and Reality." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/415.
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Alternative food systems (AFSs) are so defined because they purport to challenge a value or ameliorate a negative impact of the dominant conventional food system (CFS). Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are a type of AFS whose alterity is defined by socially proximal economic exchanges that are embedded in and regulated by social relationships. This relational closeness is argued to have benefits with respect to economic, environmental, and social sustainability. However, it would be a mistake to assume that AFSs and CFSs are paradigmatically differentiated or that their structures engender particular outcomes.
The first article traces a misguided attempt to find indicators of success for farms participating in short food supply chains. The effort was misguided, because in designing the original study there was an assumption that producers participating in these AFSs shared similar goals, values, and definitions of success. The true diversity of these variables was discovered through the analysis of eighteen semi-structured interviews with Burlington and Montpelier area farmers who participate in SFSCs. This diversity motivated an exploration of the origins, common applications, and recent academic skepticism regarding assumptions of the relationship between certain food systems structures and broader food systems outcomes.
The second article undertakes to develop a framework for exploring the actual motivations of SFSCs farmers and challenging common AFS assumptions. A framework that differentiates motivations guided by formal and substantive rationality is used to code the aforementioned data. Common themes amongst the responses are discussed demonstrating that producer motivations for participating in AFSs can be diverse, contradictory, and subject to change.
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Miller, Wendy M. "Allotments and alternative food networks : the case of Plymouth, UK." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2874.
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Alternative food networks (AFNs) are the focus of an ‘explosive growth’ of research in Europe (Goodman 2004), and the term covers a wide range of activities, from food banks, community gardens, and farmers’ markets, to community supported or organic agriculture. However, there is an impasse in differing positions over whether AFNs represent an exclusionary place-based ‘quality turn’ (Ilbery and Kneafsey 2000), or whether they contribute to inclusive local communities, sustainability and food security (Tregear 2011, Kirwan and Maye 2013). This research aimed to clarify these debates, through exploration of UK allotments as a benchmark for AFNs, using the case of Plymouth, SW England. A political ecology perspective of social-ecological systems (Ostrom 2008) was used to investigate the activities, relations and governance involved in allotments and AFNs, organised through the concepts of multidimensional capital assets (Bebbington 1999). This research demonstrates how activities on allotments involve human, social, cultural, natural and political capital assets, encompassing both basic food security and a quality turn towards ‘good food’ (Sage 2003). Taking the long view, it is seen that the relative importance of the different asset dimensions are contingent on wider socio-political settings. Relations on allotments illustrate the building of social capital, which extends to wider communities of interest, practice and place (Harrington et al. 2008), and which involves values of social justice that can be explained as diverse or care economies (Gibson-Graham 2008, Dowler et al. 2010). However, the politics and governance of allotments are largely influenced by neoliberal policies that favour oligopolistic and transnational food systems and restrict urban land allocations for place-based food initiatives. Present-day urban population densities are at levels far higher than envisaged for the original garden cities. Nevertheless, alliances at neighbourhood, city, regional, national and transnational scales are coalescing around the values represented in the original setting up of the UK allotment system: of self-reliance, human-scale settlements and the restorative value of the natural environment. Any realization of the potential contribution of allotments and AFNs to the sustainability and resilience of food supplies for urban populations (Armitage et al. 2008, Folke et al. 2010) ultimately depends on multilevel responses to a large range of challenges. Finally, the thesis contends that, in the present day, evidence is building up around the potential of allotments and many other AFN activities, or place-based food systems, to meet multiple policy objectives through aligned values.
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Nualnoom, Pairote. "Sustainability of alternative land uses : comparing biofuels and food crops." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665499.
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The conflict of land use between food and energy security purposes has become an important issue since biofuel has been promoted as alternative energy. However, understanding of the dynamics of land use derived from the advent of biofuel crops is mostly based on extrapolations using computer simulations. In order to gain a better understanding, this research aims to comprehend the dynamics of land use via the implications of the perspectives, motivations and behaviours of local landowners and the government, and the impacts of land use change on the relevant stakeholders. The dynamics of land use are explored in the context of an oil palm based-biodiesel development in Thailand where the advent of oil palm has caused the loss of paddy areas. A sequential mixed-method strategy, including in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey with 10 and 180 landowners respectively, indicates that the probability that the landowner switched traditional land for oil palm cultivation is affected by the The key findings indicate that, even though the issue of loss of paddy areas used to be of serious concern to policy makers at the beginning phase of developing the biofuel project, they no longer took official interest in it after launching the project. The results also reveal that the substitution of oil palm in some paddy areas was readily accepted because switching to oil palm was seen to contribute to a better livelihood for farmers and also alleviates the fiscal encumbrance of assisting paddy farmers. In addition, the inertia in dealing with losses of paddy areas also reflected the traditions of the civil service system in that civil servants actively respond to the current needs of the political sector whereas policies which are not paid serious attention by the political sector, like the losses of paddy, are temporarily ignored. household characteristics (age and education of the head of household, number of household farming labourers, amount and source of income, land size and land right). Moreover, the results indicate that success of switching land to oil palm cultivation was determined by several factors influencing willingness (factors relevant to outcome expectation and social networks and connections) and capacity to change (factors relevant to finance, labour, capital, land rights and transportation). The results regarding impacts of land use switching from analysis of secondary data from the input-output national accounts of Thailand reveal that switching paddy areas to oil palm cultivation would clearly provide better financial contributions to all stakeholders in the supply chain and to the whole economy. However, the impact of switching land use from rubber to oil palm would benefit some stakeholders (input providers and transporters at the crop farming stage and input providers and entrepreneurs at the industrial processing stage), while the farmers and other stakeholders would lose. In order to explore the policy makers' perspectives on the issue of land competition between paddy and oil palm, in-depth interviews with three policy makers in the biofuel policy-making process were undertaken, as well as a literature review of secondary data. The key findings indicate that, even though the issue of loss of paddy areas used to be of serious concern to policy makers at the beginning phase of developing the biofuel project, they no longer took official interest in it after launching the project. The results also reveal that the substitution of oil palm in some paddy areas was readily accepted because switching to oil palm was seen to contribute to a better livelihood for farmers and also alleviates the fiscal encumbrance of assisting paddy farmers. In addition, the inertia in dealing with losses of paddy areas also reflected the traditions of the civil service system in that civil servants actively respond to the current needs of the political sector whereas policies which are not paid serious attention by the political sector, like the losses of paddy, are temporarily ignored.
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Avard, Ellen. "Northern Greenhouses : an alternative local food provisioning strategy for Nunavik." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26517.
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Les serres nordiques: Une approche alternative à la sécurité alimentaire au Nunavik. Les communautés inuites font face à des changements socioculturels et environnementaux rapides ainsi qu’à plusieurs défis concernant la sécurité alimentaire. Récemment, plusieurs projets innovateurs ont pris forme pour pallier aux coûts élevés et la qualité discutable des aliments frais dans le Nord. Cette recherche s’est déroulée au Nunavik (la région inuite de la province de Québec, Canada) et a été élaborée en utilisant une approche de recherche participative. L’objectif de ce travail était de documenter et de participer au développement d’un projet pilote de serre dans le village de Kuujjuaq dans le but de développer un modèle de sécurité alimentaire alternative pour le Nord. Plusieurs personnes ont, de prime abord, remis en question la viabilité à long terme d’un projet de serre dans une communauté inuite. Pourtant, les résultats de cette recherche démontrent qu’il y a de l’intérêt et du soutien de tous les secteurs pour ce type d’initiative. Les résultats démontrent également qu’une stratégie d’approvisionnement local basée sur la serriculture est techniquement faisable et socialement acceptable. La conclusion générale de cette recherche est que les serres nordiques ont le potentiel de devenir des éléments clés dans une nouvelle stratégie alimentaire nordique, une stratégie qui sera plus résiliente que celle que nous connaissons aujourd'hui, et qui va contribuer de manière durable à l’essor de la capacité communautaire et au développement socioéconomique des villages nordiques.<br>Northern Greenhouses: An Alternative Approach to Food Security in Nunavik. Inuit communities are currently facing rapid sociocultural and environmental change as well as numerous food security issues. However, these issues are being addressed in increasingly innovative ways; notably through the implementation of alternative agricultural projects that address the high cost and questionable quality of fresh food in the North. This research took place in Nunavik (the Inuit region of the province of Quebec, Canada) and was elaborated using a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach. The objective of this work was to participate in and document the development of a greenhouse pilot project in the village of Kuujjuaq and, through this process, develop a framework for an alternative type of northern food security initiative. While many initially questioned the long-term viability of a greenhouse project in an Inuit community, results of this research show that there is indeed interest in and concerted support from all sectors for this type of initiative. Results also show that a greenhouse-based local food strategy in Nunavik is technically feasible and can be developed in a manner that is culturally appropriate and socially acceptable. The overall conclusion drawn from this research is that northern greenhouses have the potential to become key elements in a new type of northern food strategy, a strategy that will be more resilient than the one that we know today and that will contribute in a sustainable manner to the building up of the community capacity and socioeconomic stability of northern villages.
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Havlik, Brooke. "Eating in Urban Frontiers: Alternative Food and Gentrification in Chicago." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17882.
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While scholars and activists have analyzed the consequences of a largely white, middle-class membership in the alternative food movement, lesser consideration has been given to the relationship food has with gentrification processes. On Chicago's West Side, alternative food spaces such as gardens, restaurants and farmers markets are staking a physical and cultural claim in longstanding communities of color. Food is perhaps unique and more powerful than prior initiators of gentrification such as art due to its mundane, everyday qualities that intersect with its ability to uphold class distinctions. Using qualitative interviews, participant-observation and a literature review, I will examine how alternative food contributes to and is a form of resistance against the uprooting of longstanding Puerto Rican and Mexican communities on Chicago's West Side. Readers who have an investment in the alternative food movement must be conscientious of these tensions and consider resisting gentrification by creating inclusive, intercultural food spaces.
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Spielman, Kimberly. "Food Supply Chains and Food-Miles: An Analysis for Selected Conventional, Non-local Organic and Other-Alternative Foods Sold in Missoula, Montana." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-10252007-113605/.
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The spatial patterns of the conventional food supply chain have played a significant role in increasing the amount of miles food travels before being consumed. As a result, this has increased the amount of energy that is required to transport food from the farm to the table. The food supply chain links production to consumption. However, as food-miles increase, this link becomes obscure. The food supply chain can be described as having two very distinct parts: the conventional food supply chain and the alternative food supply chain. Business consolidation, and large-scale production, processing, distribution and retail characterize the conventional food supply chain. As a result of such economies of scale, the conventional chain is also characterized by standardization of knowledge. The alternative chain, on the other hand, is characterized by direct sales, small-scale production, processing and distribution and by a more transparent market. Certified organic foods began as an alternative to conventional foods. However, certified organic foods have increasingly been criticized for adopting similar business practices as the conventional system and thus travel the same lengths, if not further, than conventional foods. This study is a place-based approach that compares the food-miles and subsequent energy use of the two food supply chainsconventional and alternativethat provide food to retail grocery stores in Missoula, Montana. Energy use is estimated in gallons of diesel and the subsequent byproduct, or emissions, of transportation is estimated in pounds of carbon dioxide. Four of the highest selling retail grocery products; apples, bread, ground beef and milk, are classified into three different categories: conventional, non-local organic and other-alternative. The food-miles, subsequent fuel usage and emissions are also estimated for each of the four products. The study shows a remarkable lack of transparency in the conventional food supply chain and relatively low food-miles, fuel use and carbon dioxide emissions for the other-alternative products.
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Puranen, Niklas, and Markus Jansson. "Alternative Food Networks and Social Media in Marketing : A multiple case study exploring how Alternative Food Networks use social media in order to help small local food producers reach the market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-131950.
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The food provision system of today has been argued to be unsustainable with large scale production, price-pressure and outbreaks of diseases. Many consumers in the EU and Sweden are reacting to these issues and are becoming increasingly interested in finding local food alternatives that they consider to be safer and of higher quality. However, the small local food producers due to scarce budgets and marketing skills have problems in reaching this target market. Partly due to this, there has been an emergence of Alternative Food Networks (AFN) within which producers come together to get assistance in marketing and sales. Social media has emerged as a phenomenon that is argued by marketing scholars to be a highly useful tool to spread information in a cost-efficient way. Therefore, this study seek to answer the explorative question: “How do Alternative Food Networks use social media in order to help small local food producers reach the market?” The main purpose of the thesis is to explore and develop an understanding of how the emerging AFNs use social media to promote small local agricultural producers and help them in reaching the market. This will be done by investigating AFNs as Small-Medium Enterprise (SME) marketing networks, and how these operate in terms of the theoretical areas external marketing communication, coordination of the SME marketing network, segmentation practices and sales promotion. The theoretical contribution is to see how AFNs work in terms of these areas, and the practical implications will be to give advice on how AFNs should use social media to improve these areas. The study is done in an exploratory manner, and the data collection has been performed in accordance with qualitative research. This has been done through seven semi-structured interviews with respondents from six different AFNs in Sweden that are active on social media. The conclusions of this study shows that AFNs value the use of social media, however they utilize this tool to a varied degree. The AFNs use it to inform and to interact with their customers. Social media does not seem to be very actively incorporated into network communication or monitoring. The AFNs have many ideas about who their customer groups are, and in some cases these have been identified specifically on social media, which has been used to some extent for targeted advertising. The AFNs position themselves as a “good” food alternative. In sales promotion the AFNs mainly promote their events on social media, and have also promoted discounts to some extent. The study provides new theoretical knowledge in the area of marketing through social media by SMEs like AFNs. Practical implications for the AFNs are discussed, which mainly involve increasing the time spent on social media as a mainly free and powerful marketing tool.
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Korcekova, Kristina. "The Serving and the Served: Relationship between suppliers and food hubs in Swedish Alternative Food Networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324560.
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The Swedish alternative food networks landscape is underdeveloped compared to that of the US or the countries of Western Europe, however its development has sped up in recent years. The relationship between the farmer and the food hub is the first one to be built when an Alternative Food Network is being set up and therefore represents a valid starting point in the hitherto scarcely studied field of alternative food distribution in Sweden. The paper used a relationship-marketing framework with the addition of elements from Civic Food Networks conceptualization of Alternative Food Networks in order to explain the creation and maintenance, as a well as the quality and depth of supplier-distributor relationships in two cases of Swedish food hubs. Given the immaturity of the Swedish market, this paper tried to explore the possible variations existing in the landscape. In the case of student-led food cooperative Ultimat and its two studied suppliers, values and larger local food systems goals played the primary role in creating and maintaining the relationship, in spite of the poor economic performance of such a relationship in the eyes of the suppliers. The linkages forged between the two entities are strong due to shared values and common goals. In the case of Bygdens Saluhall, the values play a certain role, but the economic element remains crucial for the farmers. At the same time, the connection is closer and ownership of the project by the farmers more significant. Additionally, points of interest arose for future research, notably the diverging stance of Ultimat’s suppliers vs. Bygdens Saluhall’s suppliers in the question of pro-business food hubs and organization of alternative food networks in general.
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Bernardo, Ana Maria Guimarães. "Alternative food and learning as a promising strategy for biological control." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8278.
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-20<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Várias espécies de predadores onívoros são utilizadas no controle biológico. Orius são importantes inimigos naturais onívoros de pragas que afetam hortaliças e plantas ornamentais. A densidade destes predadores em campo pode aumentar com o fornecimento de alimentos alternativos, especialmente quando a presa é escassa. Além disso, é sugerido que predadores podem aprender associar fonte de odores com a presença de alimento, reduzindo o tempo de procura dos inimigos naturais e, consequentemente o número de pragas nas culturas. Com isso, o nosso objetivo foi encontrar alimentos alternativos de baixo custo e estudar a capacidade de aprendizagem do predador Orius insidiosus. Foi, portanto, avaliado a performance do predador O. insidiosus em quatro alimentos alternativos: pólen de Ricinus sp., pólen de abelha, ácaros detritívoros Tyrophagus putrescentiae e ovos de Anagasta kuehniella. Além disso, utilizou-se salicilato de metila sintético (MeSa) e óleo de menta como fontes de odores para estudar a capacidade de aprendizagem do predador. O predador apresentou uma melhor performance quando alimentava-se de A. kuehniella ou T. putrescentiae. Quando o predador associou alimento com a fonte de odor eles não mostraram preferência para óleo de menta, mas mostraram preferência para MeSa. No entanto, quando o odor era associado com ausência de alimento os predadores foram repelidos pelo óleo de menta e não houve atração ou repelência para MeSa. Estes resultados indicam que alimentos alternativos e de baixo custo (T. putrescentiae) podem ser utilizados com o objetivo de sustentar a população do predador em criações massal e, possivelmente, em culturas. Adicionalmente, nossos resultados mostram que O. insidiosus é capaz de aprender, mas essa capacidade de aprendizagem dos predadores varia com o composto volátil testado.<br>Several species of omnivorous predators are used in the biological control. Omnivorous predatory bugs are important natural enemies of pest that affect crops in greenhouse. It has been suggested that the use of alternative foods promote the establishment of predators on crops. Moreover, some research propose that predators can learn to associate chemical compounds with presence of food, so reducing the time of searching of natural enemies and number of pest on crops. Our aim was to find cheaper alternative foods and investigate learning ability of the predator Orius insidiosus. We evaluated the performance of O. insidiosus on four alternative foods: Ricinus sp. pollen, bee pollen, the acarid prey Tyrophagus putrescentiae and eggs of Anagasta kuehniella. Furthermore, we used synthetic methyl salicylate (MeSa) and mint oil as odour sources to study the learning ability of this predator. The predatory bugs demonstrated a better performance when fed A. kuehniella or T. putrescentiae. Our results showed that when the predator had to associate odour sources with presence of food, they showed no preference to mint oil, but showed a preference to MeSa. In addition, when the predator had to associate odour sources without food, they showed a preference to mint oil, but did not show a preference to MeSa. These results reveal that alternative and cheaper foods (e.g. T. putrescentiae) can be used with aim to sustain the predator population on rearings and possibly in crops. In addition, our results showed that O. insidiosus is able to learn, but this learning ability of predators varies with volatile compounds.
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Earle, Jeremy. "Local Governmental Development of Alternative Food Systems in Distressed Urban Areas." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2970.
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Alternative food systems (AFS) projects are designed to address issues of environmental justice, food security and insecurity, community health disparities between the affluent and the poor, and access to healthful foods in distressed urban areas. Past research has questioned the efficacy and long-term viability of such interventions, particularly in distressed primarily Black urban areas. The purpose of this intrinsic case study (ICS) was to understand the ways in which local governmental entities collaborated with each other and with nongovernmental partners to help develop an AFS in South Florida through the creation of a market garden called the PATCH. Critical race theory was the framework for addressing the challenges associated with community health, empowerment, and socioeconomic issues pertaining to AFS. A critical case sampling strategy was employed in order to study the selected site. Transcribed data from interviews with 6 key informants, observational notes, and publicly available document searches were coded using a thematic posteriori strategy and analyzed diagrammatically. Results revealed 4 primary drivers for the effective creation of AFS including collaboration and partnerships, community empowerment, community involvement, and the leadership role of government. The concept of transcommunality played an integral role in how these primary drivers could be applied between local governmental and nongovernmental partners. Knowledge gleaned from these results can inform the development of effective community and culturally specific AFS that can help address the disparities that race and socioeconomic status play in providing access to healthful foods in South Florida, thereby creating the basis for positive social change in distressed urban areas.
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Greco, Lauren. "Farm Fresh Food Boxes." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1180.
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In response to trends that challenge food access, farmer livelihoods and public health, several market and social institutions have pursued the development of alternative food systems (AFS). These attempt to support the production and distribution of foods with important qualities, such as attention to specific growing practices, higher worker standards, superior product quality and taste, support for environmental health and farmer well-being (Valchuis et al. 2015). While there has been some success in these efforts, as evidenced by the growth of farmers’ markets, community supported agriculture programs, and farm-to-institution relationships, growth in direct to consumer markets has flattened in recent years (USDA 2012) and there are still many barriers that limit the efficacy and reach of AFS. Farmers and distributors are constantly innovating, trialing new ideas and re-thinking old ones in hopes of overcoming or circumventing these challenges.
The Farm Fresh Food Box (F3B) project is one such market innovation that hybridizes direct to consumer (DTC) and value chain models with the goal of expanding producer sales and improving rural food access. Researchers and extension professionals from University of Vermont, University of Washington, Evergreen State College, and University of California studied the efficacy of F3B as a potential food system innovation through an applied project in partnership with small farmers and retailers. Research efforts focused on understanding challenges and opportunities for success within the model, as well as gleaning fundamental take-aways to better inform the broader knowledge of the continuum between DTC and value chain distribution systems.
This thesis considers findings from the first half of this research project. The first article Farm Fresh Food Boxes: Pilot Study Findings of Farmer-Rural Retailer Partners assesses the pilot season of the project and identifies major challenges and associated learning opportunities, with a focus on implications for Extension personnel.The second article, Farm Fresh Food Boxes: Relationships in Value-Chain Partnerships, merges existing knowledge of strategies and barriers that characterize DTC with current understanding of value-chains to better understand the process of expanding into new consumer populations. This analysis focuses on how the quality of the relationship between producers and retailers impacts overall success when expanding into new or unusual venues. Unlike much of the previous value-chain research, this paper places unique emphasis on the importance of the farmer-retailer relationship.
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Martel, Catherine. "Imagining Alternative Agro-Food Systems in Mexico: A Case Study on Food Sovereignty and the Traspatio Oaxaqueño Initiative." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34632.
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The transnational network La Vía Campesina (LVC) coined the term ‘food sovereignty’, which has been appropriated by many actors seeking alternatives to the neoliberal food regime. Traspatio Oaxaqueño (TO) is a small initiative seeking to revitalize backyard agriculture and the role of women in local food systems. While TO leaders do not explicitly claim to be pursuing food sovereignty, the initiative promotes some of its key principles: (1) the empowerment of women from economically vulnerable families, by increasing their access to productive resources; (2) the preservation of the right to healthy and culturally appropriate food; and (3) the use of ecologically, socially and economically sustainable methods. Despite the fact that the initiative does not deeply challenge the neoliberal food regime, it contributes to the collective organizing and politicization of marginalized actors, allowing them to gain greater autonomy and to eventually reclaim control over food systems.
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MATACENA, RAFFAELE. "Exploring the production side: Small scale food producers and alternative food networks in European urban contexts Raffaele Matacena." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241153.
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L’applicazione di modelli industriali intensivi alla produzione e alla distribuzione degli alimenti e la liberalizzazione degli scambi sui mercati internazionali hanno portato alla costituzione di un mercato globale del cibo ad alta intensità di capitale e fortemente concentrato, in cui evidenti squilibri di potere concedono enormi capacità direzionali e decisionali a un numero ristretto di grandi player internazionali. Ciò ha generato gravi esternalità che hanno provocato un impatto sulla vita umana, sociale ed ecosistemica, rendendo manifesta la necessità di un processo di re-interiorizzazione dei processi economici legati alla produzione, alla distribuzione e al consumo di cibo entro schemi sociali e ambientali in grado di proteggere le risorse (umane, culturali, sociali, economiche ed ecosistemiche) mobilizzate dalla filiera agro-alimentare.
In questo quadro critico, assistiamo ormai da alcuni anni alla nascita e al consolidamento di strutture organizzative ‘dal basso’ che mirano alla re-incorporazione (intesa come ‘ri-socializzazione’ e ‘ri-localizzazione’) delle pratiche di produzione, distribuzione e consumo di cibo entro sistemi sostenibili e locali. Si tratta di quelli che nella letteratura internazionale sono denominati alternative food networks (AFNs), ossia schemi organizzativi di filiera alimentare che puntano alla creazione di circuiti corti di ri-valorizzazione delle produzioni locali, tradizionali e sostenibili, con la promessa di potenziare l’accesso a cibi sani, nutrizionalmente adeguati ed eticamente corretti, ed al contempo costruire un’alternativa viabile alle strutture produttiviste e predatorie del capitalismo attuale.
Negli ultimi due decenni, un imponente sforzo di ricerca ha permesso la creazione di una robusta letteratura sui fenomeni di ri-localizzazione e sugli alternative food networks. Molte analisi hanno avuto ad oggetto la transizione dei modelli di consumo verso la riscoperta delle produzioni locali o etiche, o altrettanto si sono occupate dei presupposti valoriali, ideologici e relazionali di funzionamento dei network e delle economie alternative, analizzando queste reti in termini di innovazione sociale o driver di sviluppo rurale. Rimane tuttavia relativamente poco esplorata la componente produttiva, ossia l’arcipelago produttivo-imprenditoriale che viene mobilizzato da queste reti e che in esse trova un nuovo centro di gravità. Il mio studio vuole inserirsi proprio in questo solco, e tentare di avanzare la conoscenza del mondo sociale ed economico dei piccoli produttori alimentari che vendono i loro prodotti attraverso i circuiti commerciali stabiliti dagli AFN nella città di Milano e, in un’ottica comparativa, nelle città di Manchester e Lancaster nel Nord Ovest dell’Inghilterra.
Attraverso metodi qualitativi, dunque, si cercherà di fornire un’interpretazione della realtà dei produttori ‘alternativi’ nei due territori. L’obiettivo è di mettere in evidenza le loro identità e le loro storie, le loro rappresentazioni dei problemi del sistema alimentare e le strategie per venirne a capo, i requisiti, le logiche e i meccanismi d’azione che definiscono e rendono possibile la partecipazione a un AFN, l’insieme di riferimenti valoriali e ideologici che ispirano la loro azione, le opportunità, i punti critici e gli ostacoli che minacciano il proprio sviluppo personale-imprenditoriale e quello degli AFN stessi. Indagando l’habitus di questo campo emergente e le operazioni dei suoi attori, dunque, si tenterà di oggettivare la presenza e le pratiche dei ‘nuovi’ produttori alimentari e le modalità di ‘demercificazione’ tramite le quali le loro attività sono reintegrate entro un sistema innovativo di relazioni sociali.<br>The food system crisis and the urgent need to develop a different socio-economic model for the organization of food production and consumption practices are analytical constructs about which a growing scientific consensus is coupled with increasing media attention. The application of intensive industrial models in food production and distribution together with ever growing liberalization of exchanges in international markets have spurred the development of a highly-concentrated and capital-intensive global food market, in which prominent power imbalances grant immense directional and decisional leadership to a restricted number of big international players. This type of food chain management has shown a marked incapacity to satisfy the requirements of sustainability, thus calling for a reform process which aims to re-internalize the economic processes linked to production, distribution and consumption of food within social and environmental frameworks able to protect the (human, cultural, social, economic, and ecosystem) resources which are mobilized by the agri-food chain.
In this critical scenario, in the last years we have been witnessing the construction and consolidation of new ‘grassroots’ organizational structures, aiming at re-embedding (through processes of ‘re-socialization’ and ‘re-localization’) food production, distribution and consumption practices within the frame of local and sustainable systems. These initiatives have been labeled as alternative food networks (AFNs): they are food chain organizational schemes setting up and managing short circuits to re-valorize local, traditional and sustainable productions. They are seen as carrying a promise of facilitating access to healthy, nutritionally-adequate and ethically correct foods, while providing an opportunity to revive the local rural fabric by building a viable alternative to the productivist structures of current capitalism and to the predatory relationships inherent in them.
In the last two decades, a great effort in research has brought about robust literature on the phenomena of re-localization and on AFNs. Many analysts have focused on the transition of consumption models towards the re-discovery of local or ethical production and others have concentrated on the values, ideologies and relations underlying the building and working of networks and alternative economies. However, the productive component of these networks remains relatively unexplored, i. e. the productive-entrepreneurial archipelago which is mobilized by these networks and which finds in them a new center of gravity. My study aims to occupy this field, and attempts to advance the knowledge of the social and economic world of small food producers selling their products through AFNs-related commercial circuits in and around the city of Milan and, in a comparative perspective, in the cities of Manchester, Lancaster and the whole region of the North-West of England.
By employing qualitative methods, then, this thesis tries to provide an interpretation of the reality of ‘alternative' producers in these two cities. The objective is to bring out their identity and their story, their representations of the problems affecting the food system and their personal strategies to cope with them, plus the requirements, logics and mechanisms of action which define the participation to an AFN and make it possible. I tried to analyze the set of values and ideological references inspiring their actions, their opportunities, and the critical points and obstacles which threaten their development and that of the AFNs themselves. By investigating the habitus of this emerging field and the operations of its players, my attempt is to objectify the presence and practices of these ‘new’ food producers, along with the corresponding ‘de-commodification’ modalities with which their activities are re-integrated within an innovative system of social relations.
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Som, Castellano Rebecca L. "Cooking Up Change?: Alternative Agrifood Practices and the Labor of Food Provisioning." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1372373020.
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Bai, Junfei. "Consumers' preferences for dairy products in alternative food store formats in China." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/j_bai_120106.pdf.
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Klonaris, Stathis. "Applied demand analysis for food in Greece : exploration of alternative AIDS models." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340025.
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Sahlgren, Anna, and Viktor Hilber. "Motives for Engaging in Alternative Food Networks : A Case Study with Partner Companies to Regionalwert AG." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45187.
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Modern society’s industrial food system has led to several environmental problems and is compromising the fundamental aspects of agriculture such as fertile soil, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. In addition to this, the food system contributes to economic and social difficulties for actors within the agricultural sector. Hence, the food system requires a deep socio-economic change. Regionalwert AG is among other alternative food networks, an initiative to enhance sustainable agriculture by operating at a regional level. In this study, interviews were conducted with partner companies of Regionalwert AG with the aim to examine what motivates people to engage in alternative food networks, using Regionalwert AG as an exemplary case. A further aim was to examine the partnership between the partner companies and Regionalwert AG. The results were analysed using the study's state of knowledge and the theoretical framework, consisting of alienation theory. The study shows that the informants had unique stories about how they engaged with the network and that the partnership was constructed in three different ways: investment partnership, licensed partnership, and supportive partnership. The motivations that emerged from the study were divided into three themes: (i) economic, social and ideological, (ii) critical approach towards the food system, and (iii) re-connecting people with agriculture. The informants expressed that they want to spread knowledge and awareness about food production and Regionalwert AG makes this financially possible as well as provides a platform to spread the message about the value of food.<br>Det moderna samhällets industriella livsmedelssystem har lett till flera miljöproblem och det kompromissar fundamentala aspekter inom jordbruket som bördig jord, biodiversitet och ekosystemtjänster. Utöver miljöproblemen bidrar livsmedelssystemet till ekonomiska och sociala svårigheter för aktörer inom jordbrukssektorn. Därav krävs en stor socioekonomisk förändring av livsmedelssystemet. Regionalwert AG är tillsammans med andra alternativa livsmedelsnätverk ett initiativ till att öka hållbart jordbruk genom att verka på en regional nivå. I den här studien, genomfördes intervjuer med partnerföretag till Regionalwert AG med syftet att undersöka vad som motiverar människor att gå med i alternativa livsmedelsnätverk, genom att använda Regionalwert AG som ett exemplifierande fall. Ett ytterligare syfte var att undersöka partnerskapet mellan partnerföretagen och Regionalwert AG. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av studiens kunskapsläge och teoretiska ramverk, bestående av alienationsteori. Studien visar att informanterna hade unika berättelser om hur de anslöt sig till nätverket och att partnerskapet var konstruerat på tre olika sätt: investerings partnerskap, licensierat partnerskap och stödjande partnerskap. Motivationerna som kom fram genom studien föll under tre teman: (i) ekonomisk, social och ideologisk, (ii) kritisk inställning mot livsmedelssystemet och (iii) återknyta människor med jordbruket. Informanterna uttryckte att de vill sprida kunskap och medvetenhet om matproduktion och Regionalwert AG gör detta finansiellt möjligt samt utgör en plattform för att sprida budskapet om värdet bakom livsmedel.
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Seman, Michael Lyons Donald I. "More buildings about songs and food a case study of Omaha's slowdown project /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3917.
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Naderbagi, Aila. "Cultivating Seeds to Bread: An Historical and Ethnographic Study of the Alternative Grain Chain in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28952.
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It has long been recognised that the industrialisation of agriculture and food processing from the nineteenth century radically changed societies. Today, the negative impacts of the global industrial food system – defined as resource intensive farming and standardised food processing aimed at productivity maximisation – have given rise to what is broadly called the alternative food movement. This is made up of diverse production practices, food organisations, and networks. It also includes groups of farmers, millers and bakers in Australia supplying the artisanal food and beverage market. This has presented unique challenges and opportunities for producers in a country where export-oriented, productivist grain farming and processing has been significant for national development.
I approach these enterprises through an integrated ethnographic and critical historical perspective. This will highlight the interdependent relationship between alternative and conventional food supply. An historical perspective demonstrates that alternative food businesses have primarily developed in the context of neoliberal changes in the Australian food system. From an ethnographic perspective focused on the work of producers, I examine intersections in industrial and artisanal food, the values negotiated around cereal biodiversity, and varying determinations of quality. This thesis shows that ethnographic studies of alternative food production are vital for understanding how producers are navigating different possibilities for the future of food, while critical historical analysis enables deeper understanding of the present circumstance and challenges underlying these efforts.
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Frank, Steven David. "Consequences of omnivory and alternative food resources on the strength of trophic cascades." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7221.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Entomology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Seto, Darlene. "Diversity and engagement in alternative food practice : community gardens in Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39820.
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Community gardens are experiencing a popular resurgence. Across North America, there is growing support for more sustainable food production and consumption practices distinct from the conventional or industrialized food system. Despite increasing popularity, these alternative food practices have been criticized as non-inclusive, catering to privileged segments of the population. This research investigates the criticism of non-inclusion by examining participant diversity in community gardens within the City of Vancouver, British Columbia. Multiple elements of demographic diversity are considered, including age, gender, and income, although there is particular emphasis on racial and ethnic background. Overall, results from 12 semi-structured interviews and a survey of 192 community garden members reveal significant demographic differences between garden participants and the general public. In particular, visible minority, non-English language speaking, lower-income, and lower-educational status individuals were disproportionately under-represented among the garden participants surveyed. Demographic variations in participants’ gardening motivations were also found; lower income participants placed a much higher level of importance on using their garden to save on food cost, as opposed to high income participants. Despite such differences, the majority of participants report a high sense of community and satisfaction in their community garden, suggesting feelings of inclusion, at least among garden members. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the City of Vancouver should continue to support community gardens, but revise garden policy priorities to encourage wider participation among visible minority members, as well as better enable low-income populations to meet food security needs.
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Malone, Aaron S. "INACTIVATION MECHANISMS OF ALTERNATIVE FOOD PROCESSES ON ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1237307369.
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Janssen, Brandi. "Growing local food: direct market agriculture in Iowa." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4653.
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In recent years, the production and marketing of local food has become the fastest growing segment of the natural food industry and an important part of the sustainable agriculture movement. The heightened attention to local food systems has bolstered farmers markets attendance, Community Supported Agriculture memberships, and Farm to School programs. The movement has gained such popular salience that in 2007, "locavore" (defined as a person who seeks out locally grown foods) was Oxford American Dictionary's word of the year. Many scholars have also recognized that local food systems may provide positive economic effects (Swenson 2009) and have the potential to build community relationships (Kloppenburg 2000; Lyson 2004).
This thesis is based on ethnographic research among local food producers in Iowa that was conducted between June of 2008 and August of 2011. Here I examine the daily practice of producing and marketing local food and consider the challenges producers face in their attempts to develop economically viable farms. Emphasis is placed on the relationships between small-scale direct market producers and their larger-scaled conventional neighbors, the implications for rural labor associated with alternative agriculture and small-scale processing, and the strategies producers use to meet the demands of diverse market outlets such as farmers markets or institutions. I argue that, while producers differentiate their farms from the conventional, industrial system, they are embedded within it. Local food producers must contend with the same land shortages and federal policies as conventional producers and in some cases they make use of the equipment and expertise of their conventional neighbors.
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Brislen, Lilian. "IN THE BUTTERNUT BIG TIME: FOOD HUBS, FARMERS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY AGRO-FOOD ECONOMIES." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/34.
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Food hubs, a new model of values-based agro-food enterprise, are promoted by their advocates as a means to simultaneously improve the livelihoods of small and mid-sized farmers, increase the social and environmental sustainability of the food system, and supply the ever increasing consumer demand for health, local food. Noting the contradictions embedded in the promise of simultaneously generating both social values and economic value, this study explores how goals of promoting positive social, economic, or environmental change are achieved and/or inhibited when implemented though marketbased activities. Through a series of three in-depth case studies of food hubs in the Southeastern United States, the three papers compiled in this dissertation investigate how food hubs work to realize abstract non-financial goals (e.g. ‘helping family farmers’, ‘promoting sustainable food systems’) through the mundane work of food aggregation and distribution. Particular attention is paid to the experiences of mid-sized farmers who participate in food hubs, and the historic, material, and subjective processes that influence the development of food hubs and their many stakeholders. Highlighting the tensions and negotiations inherent to the hybrid social-and-monetary work of food hubs, I assert the need for an analytical framework that can account for the more-than-financial dimensions of economic and ethical praxis. To that end, I draw on the theories of J.K. Gibson-Graham to suggest that food hubs are best understood as a form of post-capitalist enterprise situated within a community agro-food economy, wherein reciprocal and interdependent relationships are forged between new economic subjects through deliberate and ongoing negotiation of care via the process and outcomes of diverse economic activity.
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FEITOSA, Erickson Marcos Santos. "Síntese de proteína microbiana e balanço de nitrogênio em vacas leiteiras alimentadas com raspa de mandioca e silagem de milho em substituição à palma forrageira." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6120.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-01<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The animals were divided into two Latin square 5x5 with the objective of evaluating the effect of substitution of increasing levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of total DM basis) of forage palm by cassava and corn silage on the nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis. For the synthesis of microbial protein were used purine derivatives, estimated their concentrations in urine and milk. There was no effect of the substitution on the total nitrogen intake (419.11 g / day) and nitrogen excretion in urine (56.40 g / day) and milk (87.82 g / day). The excretion of allantoin in the urine (297.89 mmol / day) in milk allantoin (21.22 mmol / day), uric acid (74.18 mmol / day) and purine derivatives total (393.33 mmol / day) and microbial protein synthesis (1585.25 g / day) were not affected by the replacement of forage cactus by cassava scrapings. Under the conditions of this study, both spineless cactus as cassava with maize silage did not influence the efficiency or synthesis PBmic estimated at 138,96 PBmic g / kg of total digestible nutrients, nor nitrogen balance, estimated at 155.35 g / day.<br>Os animais foram distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 5x5 com o objetivo avaliar os efeitos da substituição de níveis crescentes (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% na base da MS total) de palma forrageira por raspa de mandioca e silagem de milho sobre o balanço de nitrogênio e a síntese de proteína microbiana. Para a síntese de proteína microbiana foram utilizados os derivados de purina, sendo estimadas suas concentrações na urina e no leite. Não houve efeito dos níveis de substituição sobre o consumo de nitrogênio total (419,11 g/dia) e a excreção de nitrogênio na urina (56,40 g/dia) e no leite (87,82 g/dia). As excreções de alantoína na urina (297,89 mmol/dia), alantoína no leite (21,22 mmol/ dia), ácido úrico na urina (74,18 mmol/dia) e de derivados de purinas totais (393,33 mmol/dia) e a síntese de proteína microbiana (1.585,25 g/dia) não foram influenciadas pela substituição da palma forrageira pela raspa de mandioca. Nas condições do presente estudo, tanto a palma forrageira quanto a raspa de mandioca com a silagem de milho não influenciou negativamente nem a eficiência de síntese de PBmic, estimada em 138,96 g de PBmic/kg de nutrientes digestíveis totais, nem o balanço de nitrogênio, estimado em 155,35 g/d.
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Tola, Yetenayet. "Novel and alternative processing techniques to improve quality of thermally processed foods." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123211.
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Low acid vegetables are commonly subjected to intensive thermal treatments. But such treatments significantly damage quality of the products. So far different attempts have been made to improve the quality of canned foods either through modification of processing methods or the use of novel processing technologies. Both approaches have their own limitations to achieve required quality improvement or are hindered by practical applicability in terms of food safety. However so far, limited attempts were made in terms of modification of product property and combined use of alternative processing techniques. Therefore the over goal of this work was to improve quality of canned vegetables, through achieving the following objectives.The first part of this study was focused on searching novel acid infusion mechanisms to modify product pH. Acid infusion kinetic study results showed that pressure assisted approach showed faster, uniform and dependable pH reduction. The associated decimal pH reduction times were 2.4 to 4.4 times higher in conventional method. Furthermore, optimized acid infusion conditions were determined and predictive models were developed using CCD of RSM. The second and third parts of the study investigated the resistance of Bacillus licheniformis spores under different treatments combination. In the second part, the combined effects of different heating methods, types of acidifying agents and pH levels on resistance of the spores were studied. Temperature and pH showed highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect with the lowest D value at pH 4.5. The overall range of D and z values were 1.1 to 11.2 min and 12.6 to 17oC, respectively, regardless of heating methods, type of acidifying agent and pH levels. Likewise, the third part, investigated the resistance of the spores under pressure-thermal-pH combinations. Conventional log-linear and Weibull models were used to evaluate survivor curves and certain-log cycle reduction of spores. Survivor curves were better described by the latter model. Pressure-temperature combinations showed significant effects on D and Weibull rate (α) parameters. The destruction pattern was also dependent on pH, with lower D and α values at lower pH. Pressure-thermal death times estimated using Weibull model parameters were higher than values determined by log-linear model, with the latter showing adequacy and the former demonstrating over-treatment. The fourth part of this work was focused on studying the influence of acid infusion on quality retention of carrot. Texture degradation kinetic rate of acid infused (pH 4.5) and control (pH 6.2) samples were investigated at different processing methods. Results showed that on average a 1.7 (conventional thermal), 1.4 (ohmic heating), 1.2 (high pressure-thermal) faster texture degradation rate was observed on controls. Further microscopic and molecular studies of cell wall showed that acid infused samples exhibited intact cell wall structure with lower β- elimination reaction products. Finally, a validation study of different processing methods was conducted using an inoculated pack study. Delivered pasteurization values for each treatment conditions showed more than 7 log reduction of spores for initial inoculum concentration of 108 spores/container. This confirmed the adequacy of the designed processing schedules to inactivate B. licheniformis to insure food safety. Therefore, through combined use of developed novel acid infusion technique and determined inactivation kinetic data, quality of canned vegetables can be significantly improved with use of moderate alternative processing methods with required food safety.<br>Les légumes peu acides (pH> 4,6) sont généralement soumis à des traitements thermiques relativement intensifs. Jusqu'ici, divers procédures ont été développé pour améliorer la qualité des aliments en conserve, soit par modification des méthodes classiques ou par l'application de technologies novatrices. Ces deux approches présentent des avantages mais aussi leurs propres limites. Un nouveau concept dans ce domaine est la modification d'une propriété du produit et ce combiné avec des traitements alternatifs pour améliorer le processus ainsi que la qualité des légumes en conserve.Le point central de le première partie de cette étude été l'évaluation des nouveaux mécanismes de l'infusion d'acide pour modifier le pH du produit. Les résultats de l'étude cinétique ont montré que l'acidification haute pression offre une approche plus rapide, plus uniforme et qui produit une réduction de pH fiable. Les valeurs D étaient de 2.4 à 4.4 fois plus élevées âne la méthode conventionnelle par rapport à l'acidification haute pression. En plus, les conditions optimales ont été réalisées avec la MSR. Les deuxième et troisième sections de l'étude ont examiné la résistance des spores de Bacillus licheniformis sous différentes combinaisons de traitements. La température et le pH ont présenté un effet hautement significatif (p < 0,01) avec la valeur D la plus basse à pH 4,5. La variation des valeurs D et z est de 1.1 à 11.02 minutes et de 12,6 à 17°C, respectivement, indépendamment des méthodes de chauffage, d'agent acidifiant et les niveaux de pH. De même, la résistance des spores dans les combinaisons pression-thermique-pH (400-600MPa, 40-60°C, pH 4.5-6.2) a été étudié les modèles logarithmiques-linéaires et Weibull ont été utilisés pour évaluer les courbes de survie et les réductions logarithmiques des spores. Les courbes de survie ont été mieux décrites par le modèle Weibull. Les combinaisons pression-température ont montré des effets significatifs (p≤0,05) pour les valeurs D (modèle log-linéaire) et les paramètres de taux Weibull (α). La tendance de la destruction était également dépendante du pH où les valeurs inférieures D et α ont correspondu à un pH plus bas. Les temps de mort pression-thermique (5D et 12D) estimées en utilisant les paramètres du modèle Weibull étaient plus élevés que les valeurs déterminées par le modèle log-linéaire, nous montrant un traitement adéquat et une situation de surtraitement, respectivement.La quatrième partie de ce travail a porté sur l'étude de l'influence de l'infusion d'acide sur la rétention de la qualité des carottes. Le taux cinétique de la dégradation de la texture dans les échantillons acidifiés (pH 4,5) et non-acidifiés (contrôle; pH 6,2) à été étudié sous différentes méthodes de traitement. Les résultats ont montré une accélération de la dégradation de la texture de 1,7-fois (chauffage conventionnel), 1.4-fois (chauffage ohmique, OH), 1.2-fois (traitement à haute pression, HP-T) comparée aux échantillons contrôles. D'autres études microscopiques et moléculaires de la paroi cellulaire ont montré que les échantillons acidifiés ont maintenu leurs structure cellulaire intacte avec des produits de réaction β-élimination inférieurs que la contrôle. Finalement, une validation des méthodes de traitement a été effectuée à l'aide du paquet inoculé. Les valeurs de pasteurisation pour chaque condition de traitement ont montré une réduction de spores d'un facteur au moins de 7-log10 car aucun survivant n'a été détecté à partir de l'inoculum initial de 107 spores/conteneur. Cela confirme l'adéquation des temps de traitement conçus pour inactiver les spores de B. licheniformis pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire. Par conséquent, l'utilisation combinée des nouvelles techniques d'acidification et des données cinétiques d'inactivation, la qualité des légumes en conserve pourrait être considérablement améliorée par l'utilisation de méthodes de traitement alternatives.
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ALESSANDRINI, MIRTA. "Small Farmers and the Short Food Supply Chain. The CAP and the Californian Alternative Food Movements as a source of potential insights." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/93598.
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Gli scenari agricoli europei rivelano un crescente interesse per le filiere corte come strumento di promozione dei sistemi alimentari locali. Nonostante i piccoli agricoltori siano la spina dorsale dell'agricoltura europea, gli interventi politici e legislativi che si sono susseguiti nei decenni non hanno sufficientemente tutelato ne promosso la loro attuale posizione in ambito socio-economico. Il presente lavoro mira a fornire un'approfondita analisi del ruolo delle filiere corte all'interno del quadro normativo europeo per comprendere se l’attuale legislazione sostiene o piuttosto inibisce questi sistemi alternativi di produzione e distribuzione alimentare. Muovendo dall'esame della pletora di definizioni attribuite alla filiera corta e soffermandosi su una revisione critica delle più significative riforme della PAC, in particolare alla luce della strategia 'Farm to Fork', vengono identificate nuove priorità che appaiono più favorevoli ai piccoli agricoltori. Lo studio è arrichito da un confronto tra l'approccio adottoato dell'UE - caratterizzato principalmente da strumenti di hard law e misure top-down -, e quello della California ‘socialmente auto-regolato’, in cui gli 'Alternative Food Movements' e le strategie bottom-up sono attori principali nella regolamentazione della filiere corte e del loro impatto sulla comunità. Lo scopo finale é quello di identificare potenziali elementi utili che, se adottati, potrebbero migliorare il modello europeo.<br>European agricultural landscapes are undergoing fundamental changes, revealing an increasing interest in Short Food Supply Chains as a tool to promote local food systems and products. Despite small farmers are the backbone of agriculture in the EU, both policy leadership and legal interventions have been not sufficiently fostering their position in the socio and economic today’s narrative. The study aims at providing an extensive analysis of the role of SFSCs within the EU legal framework to understand whether EU legislation supports or rather inhibits these alternative systems of production and supply. Moving from the examination of the plethora of SFSC definitions to a critical revision of the most significant CAP reforms, especially in the light of the ‘Farm to Fork’ strategy, new priorities that seem more favorable to small farmers are identified. The study is enriched by a comparison between the EU legal approach - mainly characterized by hard law instruments and top-down measures -, and the Californian ‘socially self-regulated’ approach, where Alternative Food Movements and bottom-up strategies act as the main player in regulating SFSCs and their impact on the community with the aim of identifying potential insights that could improve the EU model.
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ALESSANDRINI, MIRTA. "Small Farmers and the Short Food Supply Chain. The CAP and the Californian Alternative Food Movements as a source of potential insights." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/93598.
Full textAbstract:
Gli scenari agricoli europei rivelano un crescente interesse per le filiere corte come strumento di promozione dei sistemi alimentari locali. Nonostante i piccoli agricoltori siano la spina dorsale dell'agricoltura europea, gli interventi politici e legislativi che si sono susseguiti nei decenni non hanno sufficientemente tutelato ne promosso la loro attuale posizione in ambito socio-economico. Il presente lavoro mira a fornire un'approfondita analisi del ruolo delle filiere corte all'interno del quadro normativo europeo per comprendere se l’attuale legislazione sostiene o piuttosto inibisce questi sistemi alternativi di produzione e distribuzione alimentare. Muovendo dall'esame della pletora di definizioni attribuite alla filiera corta e soffermandosi su una revisione critica delle più significative riforme della PAC, in particolare alla luce della strategia 'Farm to Fork', vengono identificate nuove priorità che appaiono più favorevoli ai piccoli agricoltori. Lo studio è arrichito da un confronto tra l'approccio adottoato dell'UE - caratterizzato principalmente da strumenti di hard law e misure top-down -, e quello della California ‘socialmente auto-regolato’, in cui gli 'Alternative Food Movements' e le strategie bottom-up sono attori principali nella regolamentazione della filiere corte e del loro impatto sulla comunità. Lo scopo finale é quello di identificare potenziali elementi utili che, se adottati, potrebbero migliorare il modello europeo.<br>European agricultural landscapes are undergoing fundamental changes, revealing an increasing interest in Short Food Supply Chains as a tool to promote local food systems and products. Despite small farmers are the backbone of agriculture in the EU, both policy leadership and legal interventions have been not sufficiently fostering their position in the socio and economic today’s narrative. The study aims at providing an extensive analysis of the role of SFSCs within the EU legal framework to understand whether EU legislation supports or rather inhibits these alternative systems of production and supply. Moving from the examination of the plethora of SFSC definitions to a critical revision of the most significant CAP reforms, especially in the light of the ‘Farm to Fork’ strategy, new priorities that seem more favorable to small farmers are identified. The study is enriched by a comparison between the EU legal approach - mainly characterized by hard law instruments and top-down measures -, and the Californian ‘socially self-regulated’ approach, where Alternative Food Movements and bottom-up strategies act as the main player in regulating SFSCs and their impact on the community with the aim of identifying potential insights that could improve the EU model.
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Amit, Kumar. "Food irradiation and development of an alternative method for the detection of 2-Alkylcylcyclobutanone." Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/592.
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Master of Science<br>Food Science Institute<br>J. Scott Smith<br>Food irradiation is one of the most important food processing methods utilized to reduce microbial load and extend shelf life. In 1995 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared irradiated foods to be safe from a nutritional and toxicological point of view. Various methods have been applied to detect irradiated foods. Detection of 2-alkylcyclobutanones has been found to be a useful method in identifying irradiated foods. The solvent extraction method utilizes a Soxhlet apparatus for lipid extraction followed by clean up with Florisil. However, this method is very time consuming. The other methods available to detect 2-alkylcyclobutanone include supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and accelerated solvent extraction method using a Dionex ASE 200 instrument. The SFE is a fast method to detected 2-alkylcyclobutanone. All the above mentioned methods involve costly equipment. The aim of this study was to eliminate the requirement of costly extraction equipment for lipid extraction before clean up or direct isolation of 2-alkylcyclobutanone as in case of SFE instrument using Florisil cartridges. In this study, the manual solvent extraction method was applied to isolate alkylcylcobutanone followed by clean up with 2 g silica cartridge. The clean up extract was injected to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for detection of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to confirm that the compound detected was 2-dodecylcyclobutanone. The ions m/z 98 and 112 were selected for 2-DCB for monitoring in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode of GC-MS. The results showed that this method was able to detect 2-DCB from irradiated ground beef. The manual method does not require costly equipment such as supercritical fluid extractor, Dionex, or Soxlet apparatus for extraction process.
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Amit, Kumar. "Food irradiation and development of an alternative method for the detection of 2-alkylcyclobutanone." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/544.
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Kumar, Amit. "Food irradiation and development of an alternative method for the detection of 2-Alkylcylcyclobutanone." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/592.
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Heron, Graeme. "Exploring alternative models of localisation in food supply chains : a theory of constraints approach." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/4395/.
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Local food and the localisation of food are beset by many problems in the UK. We have still yet to agree on a consensus view of the term ‘local food’ despite the call for an enforceable definition. The continued absence of rules around products and their relative spatial determinacy has lead to the development of both fluid, and subjective interpretations around the term ‘local’, as well as a willingness by key actors to readily conflate ‘local’ with ‘regional’ as a pluralistic device in a market worth £4.6 billion in sales from farm shops and farmers’ markets alone. This research sets out to identify and diffuse the problems we have in defining what local food is, and presciently, what it may become. The research itself utilises a qualitative multiple case study approach, engaging with a final cohort of 23 producers of similar products, but at different scales of supply, and across a broad geographic spread of England. In encompassing areas which do not have a reputation for local food, the research mitigates against previous micro-analytical research and adds both construct and internal validity to its data, gathered by semi-structured interviews, process mapping and questionnaires. Template analysis is used as a data extraction tool in this research, which seeks to provide disambiguation around the sector and suggest a way forward which has the potential to offer greater derived benefit to current and future stakeholders.
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Psarikidou, Katerina. "Re-imagining sustainable agro-food futures : alternative bio-economies in a knowledge society era." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/68422/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to bring into creative dialogue two contemporary, and allegedly contradictory, developments: the rise of ‘alternative agro-food networks’ (AAFNs) and the vision of a knowledge-based (bio)economy (KB(B)E). Despite the rich theoretical investigations that indicate both developments’ great potential impact on the current and future socio-political and economic order, there has been little attempt towards an identification of their interrelationship. Taking into consideration earlier relevant studies, this thesis mainly employs a political-economic approach to AAFNs and the KB(B)E. Based on interviews and participant observation with alternative agro-food practitioners in Cumbria and Manchester, and official documents and internet sources, it aims to identify the particular knowledge-economic and moral-economic aspects of AAFNs, and, thereby shed some light on their interrelationship with the KB(B)E. In doing so, it further investigates the ‘alternative’ character of AAFNs in relation to the KB(B)E and identifies those particular aspects and ways through which AAFNs can carry a potential to constitute an alternative to the existing KB(B)E, but also be considered as an alternative KB(B)E, one with distinctive moral-economic characteristics. Through such an assessment, this thesis not only contributes to the enhancement of knowledge and understanding of both developments, but also encourages a critical re-thinking of each of them. In particular, by providing some critical insights into the potential role of AAFNs in the configuration and future re-construction of the contemporary knowledge-economic order, it also aims to suggest a re-consideration of the KB(B)E itself: beyond its capitalocentric assumptions, its association with high-tech innovation and its current manifestation in policy recommendations and research agendas. In doing so, it also encourages the identification of other potential, though currently marginalised, alternative knowledge-economic spaces that can carry extra-economic values and socio-economic benefits and that can potentially lead to a re-configuration of the sustainable agro-food system.
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Ramsay, Sarah. "Framing Food Geographies : Framing analysis, food distancing, and the democratic imagination in rural and urban Ontario, Canada." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182293.
Full textAbstract:
The current global food system is market-driven and depends on the exploitative commodification of our basic need to eat. It has been consistently condemned for its incapacity to account for justice, sustainability, welfare, and health. Developing alternative food system strategies is a necessary step towards creating a more sustainable and just reality. By conducting a comparative analysis using semi-structured interviews and virtual mapping between a rural area and an urban city in Ontario, Canada, the relationship between food geographies and the development of diagnostic (problem-oriented) and prognostic (solution oriented) framings within the corporate food regime is explored. Considering the influences of socio-geographical context (i.e. urban or rural), and the impacts of cognitive and physical food distancing adds new perspective and considerations to the existing literature. The results found that the urban participants had more robust diagnostic and prognostic framings than the rural participants. They also found that the impacts of food distancing were represented by the participants differently; The urban participants experienced more significant cognitive and physical distancing, but were mostly worried about the impacts of cognitive food distancing, whereas the rural participants were mostly focused on the impacts of physical distancing and were less affected by both types of distancing.
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Castelini, Fabrício Rogerio [UNESP]. "Casca de soja em programa de restrição alimentar para suínos pesados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95235.
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castelini_fr_me_jabo.pdf: 417828 bytes, checksum: 02ee0aa92f534d161ded8609d5db9ad9 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Foram conduzidos dois ensaios para avaliar a utilização da casca de soja em programas de restrição alimentar qualitativa para suínos com elevado peso de abate. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados 16 suínos machos castrados da linhagem Topigs, com peso inicial de 80,05 ± 0,16 kg, para a avaliação biológica da casca de soja. Por apresentar 2752 kcal de ED/kg, 65,42% de fibra em detergente neutro e 49,49% de fibra em detergente ácido, a casca mostrou-se como um ingrediente viável de ser utilizado em programas de restrição alimentar qualitativa. No segundo ensaio foram utilizados 36 suínos machos castrados com peso inicial de 80,40 ± 5,82 kg, recebendo rações com níveis de 0, 8, 16 e 24% de casca de soja. Os animais foram abatidos com peso próximo de 130 kg, sendo avaliados quanto a digestibilidade das dietas, desempenho, parâmetros séricos, produção e características das fezes, características de carcaça, qualidade da carne, perfil de ácidos graxos, pesos de órgãos do trato digestório e avaliação econômica do uso das dietas. A inclusão de níveis entre 11,50 a 14,00% de casca de soja nas rações influenciam as características e qualidade da carcaça. Além disso, a diluição energética da dieta pode se constituir em importante ferramenta para diminuir o potencial de impacto ambiental da suinocultura, além de ser viável com a inclusão de 14,79% de casca de soja, pois neste nível o custo com a alimentação foi menor, além das receitas brutas e líquidas não terem sido afetadas<br>Two assay were conducted to evaluate the use of soybean hulls in qualitative feed restriction for pigs with high body weight. In the first assay, 16 barrows of Topigs lineage with 80.05 ± 0.16 kg of body weight were used to determine the biological value of soybean hulls. For present 2.752 kcal DE/kg, 65.42% neutral detergent fiber and 49.49% acid detergent fiber, and was considered as a viable ingredient to be used in qualitative feed restriction programs. In the second assay, 36 barrows initially weighing 80,40 ± 5,82 kg were allotted into four diets with different levels of 0, 8, 16 and 24% of soybean hulls. Animals were fed until they reached 130 kg. At this moment, pigs were abated and the effects on digestibility of diets, on performance, serum parameters, production and fecal characteristics, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid profile, weight of gastrointestinal tract organs and economical analysis were evaluated. The inclusion of levels between 11.50 to 14.00% of soybean hulls in diets affects the characteristics and carcass quality. Moreover, the energy dilution of the diet may be an important tool to reduce the potential environmental impact of swine production, besides being feasible with the inclusion of 14.79% of soybean hulls, because at this level the cost of feeding was smaller than the gross and net revenues were not affected