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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alternative means of dispute resolution (ADR)'
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Manla, Ahmad Jassem. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges administratifs en droit français et en droit syrien." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0226.
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Longtemps ignorés par la doctrine ainsi que par le droit positif, les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges (MARL) suscitent, ces dernières années, un intérêt particulier en droit administratif français ainsi qu’en droit administratif syrien. De façon commode, ces modes alternatifs peuvent désigner un ensemble de procédés ayant pour objectif de mettre fin aux litiges administratifs sans passer par un procès administratif ou judiciaire. Pêle-mêle, se trouvent ainsi regroupés le recours administratif, l’arbitrage, la médiation, la conciliation et la transaction. C’est à l’étude de leur place restreinte dans le règlement des litiges administratifs, en France comme en Syrie, et des perspectives de leur développement souhaitable en droits administratifs français et syrien que la présente étude est consacrée. Il s’agit d’une étude comparée entre le système français et le système syrienHaving been ignored, for a long time, by the doctrine as well as by the positive law, alternative means of dispute resolution (ADR) have recently aroused a particular interest in both French and Syrian administrative laws. Conveniently, theses alternative modes would designate a set of processes with the objective of putting an end to the administrative disputes without going through an administrative or judicial process. The administrative recourse, arbitration, mediation, conciliation and transaction have all been haphazardly found out and grouped together. It is the study of their restrained place in the resolution of the administrative disputes in France and in Syria, as well as the study of the perspectives of their desired development in French and Syrian administrative laws that the present study is devoted to. In this sense, this is a comparative study between the French system and the Syrian system
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Sourdin, Tania. "Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Principles : From Negotiation to Mediation." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20943.
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So, Shiu Sing David. "Compare the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) used in Hong Kong and Japan construction industry." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21843181a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006."Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Luna-Smith, Liana. "Closing the Gap: Identifying and Defining Challenges Faced by Alternative Dispute Resolution Professionals as They Enter the Field." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19351.
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The definitive flexibility, informality, and diversity of use make alternative dispute resolution (ADR) a unique field that deserves the time and effort it will take to determine best practice for establishing it as a true profession. That being said, before we begin the battle for legitimization we must not forget the heart and soul of the field, its practitioners. In the face of the unsure status of ADR as a field, there are many barriers currently affecting potential practitioners of ADR preventing the success of both these new members and the field itself.
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Ibrahim, Ahmed-Rufai. "Transforming the Dagbon Chieftaincy Conflict in Ghana: Perception on the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/105.
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The study is a survey research with a focus on the perceptions of the two conflicting parties in the Dagbon chieftaincy conflict in Ghana; the Abudu, and the Andani royal families on the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to resolve and transform the Dagbon chieftaincy conflict in Ghana. The conflict is over the rightful heir to the Yendi throne (skin) and it has persisted for more than five decades in Ghana’s post-independence history. All attempts to amicably resolve and transform the conflict through government established committees and commissions of inquiry, rulings by the law courts, and interventions by state and non-state institutions and actors have failed to yield any positive results. An alternative conflict settlement approach is therefore required to resolve and transform the conflict. ADR which is an approach employed by two or more parties in the settlement of conflicts and disputes other than the judicial court system is perceived to be an option. Historically, the traditional practice of ADR dates back to the pre-colonial era in Africa including Ghana. However, Ghana formally introduced ADR by promulgating the ADR Act (Act 798) in 2010. Three significant theories, namely; ripeness theory, Hobbes’ inherency theory and the group identity theory have been used to explain the study. Existing literature has been systematically reviewed. Primary data was gathered with a questionnaire. The data was then scientifically examined, analyzed, and interpreted. The findings are that respondents are very much aware of the existence of the conflict and its effects. The general perception is that, the ADR method when employed could result in an amicable resolution and transformation of the Dagbon conflict in Ghana. The research contributes to emerging literature on the relevance of Alternative Dispute Resolution and its success in the resolution of conflicts and disputes.
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Begin, Marc A. "An analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as it applies to contract dispute settlement and its use by the Defense Industry." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366326.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1999."June 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Mark W. Stone, David A. Smith. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). System requirements: Abode Acrobat reader.
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Haji, Abdullah Mohammad Aminuddin bin. "An investigation of the development of mediation in the UK construction industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-of-the-development-of-mediation-in-the-uk-construction-industry(8feb862e-510f-475c-9836-44397687370a).html.
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Mediation has been regarded as one of the effective dispute resolving techniques. However, the issues pertaining to the development of mediation have been overlooked and are therefore less well known. There has been limited discussion about mediation and some of the theoretical explanations about its development in the construction industry were not well investigated or documented. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the development of mediation by focusing on investigating the barriers which impede the use of mediation in resolving construction industry disputes in the UK. Gaps in the literature were identified in the research but no hypothesis was generated. The interpretive research model was an ideal paradigm for this research as it assisted in structuring the whole process of the investigation. A grounded theory strategy was adopted as it helped to capture the overall mediation phenomenon in a construction environment. Semi-structured interviews, with sixteen leading mediators from around the UK, were used for this study. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interview transcripts were analysed using grounded theory analysis, through manual coding techniques. From the findings, two categories of barriers were identified: barriers arising from the public (lack of social awareness, disputatious culture, process barrier, insufficient planning, security and the introduction of adjudication) and barriers caused by the disputants’ legal advisors (ignorance, personal agendas and the conventional method of resolution). The study also explores some information on the mediation system such as financial issue was the main dispute in construction industry; facilitative mediation is the most appropriate mediation process and in appointing the mediator, excellence in mediating skills is more important than his or her professional background; also it is inappropriate/ counterproductive to impose mandatory mediation on construction disputes. The limited amount of literature dealing with mediation in the UK construction industry is one of the limitations of the research, as it complicated the process of designing the interview questions. Some potential sources of bias for the research are identified through the areas of data presentation and data interpretation. This research has provided theoretical and practical contributions to mediation development within the context of the UK’s construction industry. Further research is suggested to validate the research findings and to evaluate the quality of the mediation process, based on the gender and professional background of the mediator.
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Kwan, Chung Kit. "Hong Kong civil justice reform the significance of mediation as a means of alternative dispute resolution /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22445997a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008."A dissertation undertaken in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the M.A. in arbitration and dispute resolution, City University of Hong Kong." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Allie, Shouket. "Exploring the concept of conciliation (ṣulḥ) as a method of alternative dispute resolution in Islamic law." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7632.
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Magister Legum - LLMThis research will chart and navigate the early stages in the development, conceptualisation, and formulation of Islāmic law and the concept of ṣulḥ as a mechanism of legal redress in Islāmic law (Sharī’a). The research shows that firstly, the mechanism is deeply rooted and embedded in scriptural (Qur’ānic) and extrascriptural text namely the corpus of Ḥadīth. There is a plethora of instructions to prove that reconciliation is indeed a lofty goal which is rewarded as an act of worship. Like many other aspects of the Sharī’a, ṣulḥ is regulated by provisions of the scripture and extra-scriptural sources considered by Muslims as the (Sharī’a). Secondly ṣulḥ is also the preferred method of alternative dispute resolution because it is fluid, contractual, expeditious and one of the most effective ways of solving different types of disputes, whether commercial or family. It has therefore gained considerable traction in modern western financial industry which I think is largely due to its contractual nature and the absence of the adversarial element. As a mechanism of redress, ṣulḥ is governed by Islāmic law of contract which takes the form of an agreement which can be mutually negotiated between two or more parties. Of late it has also become the mechanism of choice in family and marital disputes.
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Phillips, Isabel A. "The ADR / CR Divide: An Autoethnographic Interrogation of its Impact on the Theory and Practice of Mediation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17417.
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There is a divide between the fields of Conflict Resolution (CR) and Alternative
Dispute Resolution (ADR) that impacts on the transfer of knowledge and skills.
This is the central hypothesis investigated and confirmed through analysis of
the literatures of the two fields, the responses to a questionnaire to
practitioners, and autoethnographic interrogation.
A generational analysis of authors is combined with the results of a (N=28)
questionnaire with practitioners from both fields. This delineates the divide in
the theory and literature as well as how those operating in each field identify,
conceptualise mediation and what they read.
The autoethnography explores the fundamental impact of on conflict role
definitions generally and the mediator specifically. It then looks at the impact of
crossing the ADR/CR divide on mediation practice, highlighting the necessity for
practitioners of a ‘both and’ approach to skills/ knowledge and attitude/qualities.
This leads to the consideration of a framework for mediator competence across
the ADR/CR divide.
The interaction of the mediators’ normative project and the ability of parties to
self-determine is explored practically and ethically. This highlights a range of
issues with expectations mediation and mediators and foregrounds the impact
on the mediator of the mediator role.
It ends with a call for further research using innovative methodologies, such as
autoethnography, that illuminate mediation as a relational process.
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Al-Shibli, Farouq. "The role and the effect of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism (mediation and arbitration) in administrative contracts : a comparative study between the United Kingdom and Jordan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-and-the-effect-of-alternative-dispute-resolution-mechanism-mediation-and-arbitration-in-administrative-contracts-a-comparative-study-between-the-united-kingdom-and-jordan(4660eeed-4213-4f62-b2f3-ed13f08389a3).html.
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In the past, governments were directly responsible for carrying out projects concerning the construction of public utilities and for delivering public services to people in many areas of social and economic life. However, the budget deficits of governments in countries such as Jordan have required them to seek partners to assist in carrying out these functions. In other words, delivering services to people nowadays often involves contracts being concluded with private sector companies who fund and deliver governmental projects and have the skills and experience to carry out the projects efficiently. When private sector investors decide to enter into contracts with governments, they want to ensure that their investments are protected in case of a dispute with the host government. In this regard, the option to resolve disputes, including the disputes of government contracts, by alternatives to traditional judicial means has increasingly become one of the main incentives for private sector investors considering whether to enter into contracts with governments. This is because Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is more informal, cheaper, faster and easier than the formal procedures which must be adhered to in the court litigation system. Jordan is considered a poor country which has to rely on the private sector to fund its projects but, because ADR is not used in this context, investors may avoid entering into contracts with the Jordanian government, believing that their investments will not be safe. Unlike in Jordan, the use of ADR has been evident in developed countries such as the UK.This thesis argues that Jordan, as a developing country in this area, should look to other countries such as the UK which have more advanced legal systems and legislation, in order to learn from their experience. Therefore, this is a comparative study which will discuss the doctrine of legal transplant and assess whether importing ADR rules and regulations from the UK to Jordan will be an effective way of improving Jordanian laws. Accordingly, this thesis discusses (i) why ADR is not used in government contracts in Jordan and (ii) the role of ADR in settling the disputes of government contracts in the UK. It also (iii) provides solutions and makes recommendations designed to encourage the use of ADR in Jordan, including on whether or not the experience of the UK can be applied in Jordan in this regard.
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Li, Wai Kwong. "An exploratory study of using alternative dispute resolution as a means of resolving real estate disputes in Hong Kong." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20833829a.pdf.
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Suquet, Capdevila Josep. "Online Consumer Mediation in Catalonia: Regulatory Principles and Technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120548.
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Aquesta tesi presenta la mediació de consum online a Catalunya des d’una vessant legal i tecnològica. Per un costat, des del prisma dels Mitjans de Resolució de Disputes en línea (Online Dispute Resolution, ODR) analitza quines tecnologies poden recolzar els processos de mediació i quins mecanismes d’ODR s’utilitzen. Així mateix, presenta alguns reptes de la regulació dels ODR i la mediació en línea. Per un altre costat, aquesta tesi estudia la mediació com a mitjà de resolució de controvèrsies entre consumidors i empresaris. En la tesi s’efectua una recerca empírica i legal de la mediació de consum que mostra quins proveïdors ofereixen actualment serveis de mediació, així com les parts de la mediació i els seus processos. A continuació, aquesta tesi analitza els principis reguladors de la mediació en línea de consum a Catalunya. Analitza els principis continguts en el Codi de Consum de Catalunya i valora la possible inclusió d’altres principis que poden arribar a ser reconeguts per la futura normativa Europea en matèria dels ADR/ODR. Tanmateix, analitza altres principis relatius a les comunicacions electròniques. D’altra banda, aquesta tesi pren en consideració el paper que les tecnologies de la informació i de la comunicació (TICs) poden portar a terme per tal de contribuir a superar la manca de coneixement dels mitjans d’ADR/ODR així com dels organismes que ofereixen aquests serveis. Per això, a partir d’una aproximació legal de les polítiques de capacitació dels consumidors i de la propera normativa europea sobre ADR/ODR, aquesta tesi proposa un marc contextual i una aplicació mòbil bàsica i simple que pot contribuir a capacitar els consumidors i apropar-los a la justícia, oferint informació sobre les entitats de mediació de consum i de la legislació de consum a Catalunya.Esta tesis presenta la mediación de consumo online en Cataluña, desde una vertiente doblemente legal y tecnológica. Por un lado, analiza las tecnologías que pueden apoyar los procesos de mediación así como aquellos mecanismos de resolución de disputas en línea (ODR) que se utilizan. Asimismo, presenta algunos retos de la regulación de los ODR y la mediación en línea. Por otro lado, analiza la mediación en las controversias entre consumidores y empresarios desde un prisma empírico y legal y analiza qué proveedores ofrecen actualmente servicios de mediación de consumo, cuáles son las partes y cómo se desarrollan los procesos. A continuación, esta tesis analiza los principios reguladores de la mediación en línea de consumo. A partir de la sucinta regulación del Código de Consumo de Cataluña, valora la posible inclusión de otros principios que pueden llegar a ser reconocidos por la legislación europea en el ámbito de los ADR/ODR. Además, analiza otros principios derivados de las comunicaciones electrónicas. Finalmente, esta tesis toma en consideración el papel que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) pueden llevar a cabo para contribuir a superar la falta de conocimiento de mecanismos y entidades de ADR/ODR. Por ello, más allá de las políticas de capacitación de los consumidores, esta tesis ofrece un marco contextual y una aplicación móvil, básica y simple que puede contribuir a capacitar a los consumidores y acercarlos a la justicia, ofreciendo información sobre las entidades de mediación de consumo y la legislación de consumo aplicable en Cataluña.
This thesis presents online consumer mediation in Catalonia from both a legal and technological perspective. On the one hand, it takes into account the technologies that may support online mediation and explores the ODR mechanisms that are currently being employed. Moreover, it presents some challenges that face the regulation of both ODR and online mediation. On the other hand, it shows both an empirical and legal study of consumer mediation and it uncovers what entities currently do provide consumer mediation services. It also situates the parties and the process. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the regulatory principles of online consumer mediation in Catalonia. From the succinct regulation of the Consumer Code in Catalonia, it analyses other principles that may be enshrined in the near future by European instruments of ADR/ODR, and it takes into account principles of electronic communications. The thesis also considers that ICT may contribute to overcoming the lack of consumer awareness of ADR/ODR mechanisms and bodies. Further to a legislative approach of consumer empowerment and ADR/ODR, it proposes a contextual framework and a basic and simple mobile application that may empower consumers and bring them closer to justice by offering information about consumer mediation entities and consumer legislation in Catalonia.
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Rivas, Caso Gino. "The role of justice in the procedure and conclusion of ADR and the judicial process." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123847.
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In the face of a conflict, citizens can follow different ways to solve it. But, how justice is configurated in the conclusion of a specific conflict? what guarantee that the procedure of the mechanism is fair? We can think here in the due process of law; nevertheless, due process of law does not reach all mechanisms of conflict resolution.This paper, therefore, focuses in the study of the role of justice in (i) the procedural scope of judicial process and ADR mechanisms; and in (ii) the conflict resolution generated by them.Ante un conflicto, los ciudadanos pueden seguir diversas vías para dar solución al mismo. Pero, ¿cómo se configura la justicia en la conclusión de un conflicto en específico? ¿qué garantiza que el procedimiento del mecanismo sea uno justo?. Podemos pensar aquí en el debido proceso; no obstante, éste no alcanza a todos los mecanismos de resolución de conflictos.Este artículo, por consiguiente, se enfoca en estudiar cuál es el rol de la justicia en (i) el ámbito procedimental del proceso judicial y de los MARCs; así como en (ii) la resolución al conflicto generada por aquéllos.
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Dheka, Gilbert. "A comparative analysis of community mediation as a tool of transformation in the litigation systems of South Africa and the United States of America." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5514.
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Borrie, N. C. "An evaluation of the use of mediation in environmental dispute resolution under s.268 of the Resource Management Act 1991." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2118.
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Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in, and utilisation of, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques to resolve environmental conflicts in western societies. ADR was incorporated into one of New Zealand's main environmental statutes, the Resource Management Act 1991(RMA). Under s.268 of the RMA the Environment Court (the Court) may, if the parties agree, conduct mediation in order to facilitate settlement of resource management disputes. The RMA, which has now been in operation for ten years, gives no guidance as to the way in which mediation is to be conducted. The Court has developed procedures and processes for administering and conducting mediation. This study critically evaluates the practice of Court assisted mediation of environmental disputes under the RMA. A literature review and interviews with stakeholder groups are used in this evaluation. The study shows that mediation generates benefits for the Court and participants. It also identifies limitations with the current mediation procedures and processes. These may impact the effectiveness of participants in mediation, their satisfaction with, and support for, the mediated settlement and with the environmental outcomes. The study recommends a series of guidelines be prepared on the functions and administrative procedures of the Court and on the mediation process promoted by the Court. Further research is also recommended. It is considered that these recommendations, if implemented, will enhance the process for participants, ensure more equitable and consistent environmental outcomes, in terms of present and future generations, and retain public confidence in the mediation process.
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Mendonça, Priscila Faricelli de. "Transação e arbitragem nas controvérsias tributárias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-12022014-135619/.
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O objetivo da presente dissertação de mestrado foi o de, a partir de uma análise fática das discussões judiciais travadas entre fisco e contribuinte para solução de controvérsias tributárias, constatar a ineficiência do sistema atualmente posto à disposição dos sujeitos envolvidos em tais relações e buscar soluções processualmente viáveis, com foco em mecanismos consensuais (transação) ou adjudicatórios de base consensual (arbitragem). Para tanto, partiu-se de uma análise do atual cenário dos litígios judiciais envolvendo fiscos e contribuintes, concluindo-se pela incapacidade do sistema a proporcionar soluções satisfatórias e tratamento adequado ao conflito (Parte I, Capítulo 1). Diante da realidade fática enfrentada, o problema é proposto para soluções de controvérsias tributárias, frente ao regime de indisponibilidade do crédito tributário. Na nova moldura das relações que envolvem o Estado, tendo em vista que não se afasta disponibilidade do crédito tributário desde que se dê nos termos da lei (Parte I, Capítulo 2), passou-se a uma análise dos meios atualmente postos à disposição dos fiscos e contribuintes para solução das controvérsias tributárias, vislumbrando-se, ao final, pela viabilidade de adoção de meios alternativos para solução de tais controvérsias (Parte I, Capítulo 3). A segunda parte do estudo é voltada à análise da arbitragem tributária, partindo da arbitrabilidade do crédito tributário (Parte II, Capítulo 1) até os requisitos formais e processuais para adoção de tal método privado e de base consensual para solução de conflitos tributários. Feitas as premissas necessárias, tratou-se dos aspectos processuais da arbitragem tributária, sempre os vinculando à estrita legalidade que permeia tais relações e será premissa de validade do procedimento que se cogita (Parte II, Capítulo 2). Finalmente, na terceira parte é feita a avaliação acerca da transigibilidade das controvérsias tributárias (Parte III, Capítulo 1) para, após, verificar os aspectos processuais da transação tributária, sempre com vistas à legalidade, tipicidade cerrada e limites impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal.This dissertation aims at looking for feasible solutions from a procedural standpoint, based on a factual analysis of tax judicial lawsuits between the taxpayers and the Government that verified the inefficiency of the system currently made available to the parties involved in the said disputes, focused on the possibility of adopting the arbitration and transaction. Initially, it is discussed the current scenario of the judicial tax litigation, which resulted in the conclusion of the inability of the system to provide satisfactory solutions and appropriate treatment to the relevant conflicts (Part I, Chapter 1). Given such scenario, the proposed problem is how to use consensual mechanisms (transaction) or adjudicatory-based consensus procedures (arbitration) to resolve tax controversies, vis a vis the regime of unavailability of the tax credit. In the new framework of relations involving the States, which allows the availability of the tax credit strictly under the law (Part I, Chapter 2), it is analyzed the ways currently available to the tax authorities and taxpayers for the resolution of tax controversies and it is concluded for the feasibility of adopting alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods (Part I, Chapter 3), in addition to the adjudicative resolution of the conflicts. Then, the second part of the study is focused on the analysis of tax arbitration, moving from the arbitrability of the tax credit (Part II, Chapter 1) to the substantive and procedural requirements for adopting such a method private and consensual-based for resolving tax disputes. As the necessary premises were confirmed, it is analyzed the procedural aspects of tax arbitration, always linking them to the strict legality that permeates tax matters and will utmost validate the arbitration for tax matters (Part II, Chapter 2). Finally, the third part is an evaluation about the possibility of tax transaction (Part III, Chapter 1); after that, it is analyzed the procedural aspects of the transaction for tax purposes, always under the strict legality and the limits imposed by the Fiscal Responsibility Law (Part III, Chapter 2).
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Friedel, Lukáš. "Rozhodčí řízení - nová cesta řešení obchodních sporů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18178.
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The Master thesis describes comprehensively attributes and operating of arbitration in the Czech Republic which has acquired significance recently. The work is divided into eight chapters. After exordium I make readers acquainted with alternative dispute resolution, e.g. mediation. The third chapter characterizes arbitration and describes history, sources of law, types of arbitration and capability of arbitrator in the Czech Republic. The fourth part deals with the arbitration agreements and their requirements. The fifth chapter is dedicated to its particular stages and revision, recognition and enforcement of the arbitral awards in order to provide the reader an complex overview of the the arbitration proceedings. In the sixth section, the author tries to define advantages and disadvantages of this method of solving disputes and to answer question why we should choose it. The seventh chapter adds a special current issues devoting an arbitration clause on consumer contracts. In the last chapter author concludes the topic and suggests improvements.
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Bastazine, Cleber Alves. "Mediação em relações individuais de trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-13122012-155547/.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de utilização da mediação para a administração de conflitos nas relações individuais de trabalho. O estudo foi realizado levando em consideração os aspectos virtuosos da mediação, seus enfoques e possibilidades de intervenção. O trabalho leva em conta um conceito de conflito que reputamos adequado aos conflitos de justiça, diferenciando-o de outros enfoques possíveis ao fenômeno. Também foram apreciados os diversos modelos de mediação, a formação e a ética dos mediadores e a capacidade da mediação em representar uma alternativa ao desejado acesso à justiça, sem que isso implique em um viés de resolução da incapacidade do Poder Judiciário em distribuir o justo. A mediação foi estudada em seus princípios e também em sua correlação com os princípios do direito do trabalho, possibilitando estabelecer uma linha argumentativa acerca das críticas e limitações essenciais frequentemente apontadas por aqueles que defendem a incapacidade da mediação em prover uma adequada intervenção nos conflitos em relações individuais de trabalho. O enfoque procurado propõe uma ampliação do conceito de conflito individual de trabalho, estabelecido entre empregadores e empregados, para incluir aqueles conflitos existentes entre empregados e que não recebem previsão de adequado tratamento. Tais conflitos, conhecidos pelos economistas como micro conflitos, são portadores de uma litigiosidade latente que ao se desenvolver tem como única previsão a extinção da relação de trabalho. A intervenção mediadora, assim, representa meio de preservação das relações de trabalho, protegendo ainda os direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores, concedendo uma nova perspectiva de acesso ao justo.This study aims to carry out a reflection on the possibilities of use of mediation to manage conflict in individual relationships work. The study was performed taking into account the virtuous aspects of mediation, their approaches and possibilities for intervention. The work takes into account a concept of conflict that we deem appropriate to conflicts justice, differentiating it from other possible approaches to the phenomenon. Were also appreciated the various models of mediation, training and ethics of mediators and the ability of mediation to represent a desired alternative to access to justice, without this implying a bias in the resolution of the judiciary\'s inability to distribute the fair. The mediation was studied in its principles and also its correlation with the principles of employment law, allowing to establish a line of argument about the critical and essential limitations often highlighted by those who argue the failure of mediation to provide an adequate intervention in conflicts in individual employment relationships. The approach sought, proposes an expansion of the concept of conflict of employment established between employers and employees, to include those conflicts between employees, which do not receive adequate treatment prediction. Such conflicts, known to economists as micro conflicts, carry a latent litigation has to be developed as the only forecasting the demise of the employment relationship. The mediator intervention thus represents a means of preserving working relationships, yet protecting the fundamental rights of workers, giving a new perspective on access to fair.
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Quintana, Guilherme Enrique Malosso. "Fraude à execução e arbitragem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-21012015-075144/.
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A consolidação da arbitragem como mecanismo amplamente utilizado para a resolução de controvérsias em nosso país traz questionamentos a respeito dos riscos e da efetividade de tal método quando o assunto é a execução da sentença arbitral. Enquanto no processo estatal a efetividade da sentença é assegurada pelo reconhecimento da fraude à execução (sancionada com a ineficácia dos atos fraudulentos), restam dúvidas acerca da aplicabilidade da mesma regra no processo arbitral. A garantia da higidez patrimonial através da repreensão da fraude à execução também deve ser observada no processo arbitral, do contrário será incentivada a má-fé, bem como enfraquecida a efetividade da execução da sentença para aqueles que elegem a arbitragem para a resolução de suas controvérsias. Neste mister, o presente trabalho procura traçar os contornos da fraude à execução e da jurisdição arbitral para, através do confronto entre elas, trazer reflexões que colaborem com a compreensão dos riscos assumidos pelo usuário da arbitragem, especialmente no que diz respeito à efetividade de uma eventual execução da sentença arbitral.The consolidation of arbitration as a method widely used in Brazil has brought up the discussion over the risks and over the effectiveness of the arbitration award enforcement. While in state court procedures the effectiveness of the decision is assured by the legal recognition of fraud of execution (sanctioned with disregard of the fraudulent acts), in arbitral procedures the applicability of this same rule is doubtful. The assurance of the patrimonial integrity through punishment of fraud of execution also must be observed in arbitration, otherwise bad faith would be stimulated and the enforcement of the arbitral award will be compromised for those who chose arbitration for solving their controversies. This paper intents to analyze and to confront the features of fraud of execution and of the arbitral jurisdiction in order to collaborate with the understanding of the risks taken by the user of arbitration, especially regarding the effectiveness of the enforcement of the arbitral award.
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Poli, Catherine. "L'unité fondamentale des accords amiables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0759/document.
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Les processus de résolution amiable des différends – conciliation, médiation, procédure participative ou droit collaboratif – présentent une unité d’objectif. Leur mise en œuvre permet une tentative de conclusion d’un accord amiable : un contrat consacrant la solution du différend construite par les parties. Sans se départir d’une approche procédurale, cette étude propose une analyse contractuelle de la résolution amiable des différends. Au-delà d’une procéduralisation de la formation de l’accord amiable, le droit commun des contrats sert en effet de manière unitaire les négociations et la conclusion de l’accord amiable. Ce dernier présente néanmoins une certaine diversité au regard des qualifications contractuelles qu’il peut revêtir. Si le contrat de transaction apparaît comme un référent à l’accord amiable, tout accord amiable ne consiste pas nécessairement en une transaction. Mais au-delà du jeu des qualifications possibles, le droit commun des contrats fédère les conditions de validité et les forces de l’accord amiable. Une unité fondamentale des accords amiables se révèle ainsi, garantissant la résolution effective des différendsThe amicable settlement process - conciliation, mediation, collaborative procedure or law - present the same aim. Every amicable settlement process permits the conclusion of an amicable agreement: a contract consecrating the solution built by the parties. Without distracting from procedural approach, this study offers a contractual analysis of the amicable dispute resolution. Beyond a proceduralisation of the negotiation and the amicable settlement formation, it is the general law of contract that insure a support to the amicable settlement process. However, the amicable settlement presents some diversity due to peripheral qualifications. If the transaction contract is a reference to the amicable settlement, every amicable settlement is not necessarily a transaction. Beyong the choice of qualifications, the general contract law unites the validity conditions and the forces of the amicable settlement. A fundamental unity of amicable settlements reveals, safeguarded the effective dispute resolution
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Šteflová, Iva. "Alternativní způsoby řešení sporů v obchodních závazkových vztazích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85932.
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The diploma thesis is focused on alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in business relationships. The goal of thesis is to determine the term of alternative dispute resolution and to compare different approaches to regulation of mini-trial and mediation. The first part of thesis presents the term ADR and identifies its key characteristics. It points out the advantages and disadvantages of ADR and introduces institutions which concern with ADR. The attention is also aimed on arbitration and its relation to ADR. The second part of thesis deals with mini-trial. The description of its features is based on comparison of model rules provided by institutions which concern with ADR. The third part of thesis is focused on the most expanded method of ADR -- mediation. The attention is aimed at regulation trend within the European Union, legislation in the Czech Republic and Mediation Act Proposal. Closing part compares regulation of mini-trial and mediation and points out some of the debatable provisions of the Mediation Act Proposal.
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Gomes, Filippo Luciano. "La performance en droit fiscal : un nouveau paradigme (perspectives comparées)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020032.
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La réalité économique vécue aujourd’hui, principalement par les pays européens, apporte,en même temps qu’une naturelle préoccupation, un nouvel horizon de pensées, un souffle de nouvelles idées. La pratique a montré qu’une réduction des dépenses publiques n’est pas la solution la plus fiable pour répondre à la crise de la dette publique. La présente thèse se propose de démontrer que l’investissement dans la performance de la perception fiscale peut être une puissante prophylaxie. Au lieu de diminuer les dépenses générées par les plus divers services publics, la meilleure politique à adopter est le développement de la performance de l’Administration fiscale. Dans le texte, nous décrirons la performance d’une administration qui parvient à percevoir les ressources nécessaires au fonctionnementde l’État, avec un minimum de dépenses et en causant un préjudice moindre aux contribuables, dont les intérêts et les satisfactions sont préservés au maximum. Il s’agit d’une définition générale qui n’est pas restreinte à l’analyse d’une certaine ordonnance.Notre objectif est de construire une notion universelle, applicable en tout lieu. De la même manière, nous chercherons à identifier les moyens généraux qui promeuvent l’objectif de performance de l’Administration fiscale. Il ne fait pas de doute que cet objectif ne peut être atteint qu’en rendant le travail de l’administration plus pratique. Le « principe de praticité » aide exactement à la diminution des multiples tâches. Cet objectif est complété par la privatisation de certaines activités liées à la perception des impôts. Au-delà de la réduction du travail du Fisc, nous comprenons qu’il est nécessaire d’investir dans les mesures de contrôle et de diminution des litiges, qui en plus de dégrader la sensible relation entre administration et contribuable, retarde l’encaissement des impôts, ce qui a un impact négatif au niveau de la perception fiscale. Cet objectif peut être atteint par le biais du développement du consentement à l’impôt et de l’adoption de moyens alternatifs de résolution de litiges fiscauxThe economic reality lived today primarily by European countries, along with a natural concern, brings a new horizon of thoughts, a breath of new ideas. The practice has already shown that cutting public spending is not the most reliable output to the Government debt crisis. What is intended to demonstrate with this thesis is that the investment in tax collection performance can be a powerful prophylaxis. Instead of reducing spending accomplished with the most diverse public services, the best policy to be adopted is the development of tax administration performance. In the text, we describe as performer the Administration which manages to raise the resources needed to perform its functions, the State with the least expenses for the minor nuisance caused possible for taxpayers, in which their interests and satisfactions to be preserved as much as possible. This is a general definition that is not restricted to a particular land-use analysis. Our goal is to build a universal notion applicable anywhere. Similarly, we seek to identify a general meanswhich promotes the objective of making the effective tax administration. There is no doubt that this goal can only be achieved if the work of the Administration becomes more practical. The "principle of practicality" helps exactly in the reduction of multiple tasks. This is complemented through the privatization of some activities related to tax collection. In addition to reducing the work of tax authorities, we understand that it is necessary to invest in control measures and reduction of disputes, which in addition to degrade the sensitive relationship between administration and taxpayers, slows the receipt of taxes, causing a negative impact on the level of revenues. This goal can be achieved, mainly through the development of consent to tax and the adoption of alternative means of dispute resolution
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SILVESTRI, MAURO. "POTERE PUBBLICO E AUTOTUTELA AMMINISTRATIVA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/61787.
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La tesi ha per oggetto l’autotutela amministrativa, specialmente quella c.d. decisoria “spontanea”, ovvero quell’insieme di poteri che consentono all’amministrazione di riesaminare i propri provvedimenti e di rimuoverli a vario titolo.
Di questi poteri si è indagato il fondamento dogmatico e positivo.
La questione del fondamento è stata per lunghi anni affrontata dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza in termini totalmente pre-critici e non problematici: l’esistenza di questi poteri era semplicemente scontata e le riflessioni sulla loro base giuridica si esaurivano perlopiù nella constatazione della loro necessità nell’immemore consenso circa la loro ammissibilità.
Negli ultimi anni, invece, una parte degli Autori ha disconosciuto la natura implicita e per così dire “originaria” di questi poteri e ne ha perciò patrocinato la stretta riconduzione al principio di legalità: in altre parole, l’annullamento e la revoca non sarebbero affatto conseguenza della c.d. inesauribilità del potere amministrativo – negata da questa dottrina – e sarebbero perciò oggi ammissibili unicamente nei casi e nei modi disciplinati dalle due norme introdotte nella legge sul procedimento nel 2005. Ciò a garanzia della certezza dei rapporti giuridici e del legittimo affidamento dei destinatari dei provvedimenti ampliativi.
Secondo un filone ricostruttivo in pare contrastante con il primo, altri Autori hanno inteso valorizzare gli elementi de iure condito a favore della obbligatorietà dell’avvio del procedimento di riesame, auspicandone contemporaneamente la generalizzazione, nell’ottica di una più complessiva trasformazione dell’annullamento d’ufficio in un nuovo istituto ibrido, rispondente alla funzione di alternative dispute risolution system o, se si vuole, di ricorso gerarchico. Per le stesse ragioni, l’istituto dovrebbe perdere il carattere ampiamente discrezionale, in favore di una vincolatezza totale o parziale. Questo secondo “fronte di attacco” alla ricostruzione tradizionale intende offrire soluzione al venir meno del sistema dei controlli di legalità sull’azione amministrativa.
Lo studio ha sottoposto a verifica entrambi i filoni evolutivi richiamati, discostandosi dal secondo e, pur accogliendo parte delle argomentazioni ad esso sottostanti, anche dal primo.
Quanto alla teoria dell’esauribilità del potere amministrativo, oggetto della prima linea evolutiva, si è ritenuto di condividere le considerazioni circa la tutela dell’affidamento degli interessati e della stabilità dei rapporti giuridici. È parsa tuttavia meglio rispondente alle categorie generali e alle esigenze del sistema (anche sulla base di una visione del diritto amministrativo quale “diritto dei terzi”, per natura volto alla tutela dell’interesse generale e non solo dell’interesse privato particolare coinvolto dall’esercizio del potere) la conservazione della tradizionale inesauribilità del potere, seppur assai mitigata, nella pratica, con riferimento all’esercizio dei poteri di ritiro degli atti favorevoli ai privati il cui affidamento sia concretamente meritevole di tutela.
La natura discrezionale dell’annullamento d’ufficio (e della revoca), sottoposta a critica dalla seconda linea evolutiva, viene difesa sia sul piano del diritto positivo e pretorio (attraverso la riconduzione dei principali casi di annullamento c.d. doveroso al modello generale), sia sul piano delle categorie generali, a partire dalla natura dei poteri coinvolti e dall’analisi delle posizioni giuridiche dei soggetti interessati dai procedimenti di secondo grado.The thesis focuses on the Italian system of so called autoprotection or selfprotection. This expression refers to the powers of public administration to revoke its own acts when deemed necessary to repair a vice of legitimacy or a vice of opportunity, without being bind to resort to the courts. Given the aim of this powers – the same of first grade powers plus a semi-judicial one – they are usually meant by judges and scholars as “widely discretionary”. Furthermore, it has always been believed that the choice to activate the correspondent proceeding is totally free for public administration; consequently, a demand of interested parties does not make binding the start of the procedure, opposite to what happens with administrative appeal proceedings. In recent years ECJ, ECHR and national case law has emboldened the limits to selfredress, making clear that legitimate expectations and the public interest to legal certainty must be taken into consideration and given sufficient protection. Lately, also the Legislator followed, making the annulment and the revocation harder to be put in effect when the first act is favorable to the addressed subject. In such cases, the revocation cannot be ordered for a mere reconsideration of already known circumstances (ius poenitendi) but only if new ones show up. At the same time, ex officio annulment is precluded after 18 months from the issuing of the first act, instead of the previous general limit of a “reasonable time”. On the other hand, the case law has apparently pointed out some hypothesis of mandatory annulment, such as for “anticomunitarian acts” and cost-producing acts. Based on these two orientation, some scholars suggested a global rethinking of the self-protection, its bases and its rules. The study analyzes the case law and the latest legislative reforms, proving that no mandatory annulment exists in the Italian legal system. Therefore, nor the ECJ principle of equivalence nor other principles require that selfredress become generally obliged. The thesis also aims to prove that selfprotection remains a discretionary power, in order to ensure that the contrasting needs (the rule of law on the one hand, and the legal certainty and legitimate expectation on the other hand) can be properly balanced in every decision, according to the Constitutional provision of article 97, which requires that both impartiality and good administration are pursued.
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Tramarin, Sara. "La tutela giudiziale e stragiudiziale del consumatore nel diritto dell’Unione europea." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA007/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail réalisé a pris en considération en premier lieu le droit international privé de l'UE, puis des aspects plus à proprement parler de « droit international procédural », en se concrétisant par une « systémisation » et une cartographie des voies de recours proposées au consommateur par le droit européen pour les litiges transfrontaliers. La première partie, concernant la loi applicable aux contrats internationaux du consommateur et le tribunal compétent dans le droit international privé de l'Union européenne, permit d'identifier les problématiques de droit international privé sous-jacentes aux contrats et aux litiges internationaux en matière de consommation, qui sont exacerbées dans le domaine du commerce électronique. La thèse traite deuxièmement la protection du consommateur par l'assouplissement et la simplification des procédures ordinaires et la protection du consommateur par des procédures collectives transfrontalières. Enfin, la thèse concerne la protection du consommateur par les procédures alternatives au contentieux ordinaireThe thesis analyzes, under various aspects related to private international law and international civil procedure of the European Union, the status of the protection offered to the European consumers in their international contracts, in particular in relation to the objectives and in the context of the single market. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with consumer protection in the international private law of European Union (regulation (UE) 1215/2012 and regulation (CE) 593/2008). The second chapter deals with the protection offered to consumers by european international civil procedure with reference to individual and collective litigations. The third chapter deals with alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and with on-line dispute resolution (ODR) and analyzes EU directive 2013/11/UE and regulation (EU) 524/2013
La tesi analizza, sotto vari aspetti relativi al diritto internazionale privato e processuale dell’Unione Europea, lo stato della protezione offerta al consumatore europeo nei contratti e nelle controversie internazionali, con uno specifico riguardo alle tutele di carattere processuale e giurisdizionale. La tesi si articola in tre capitoli, che investono gli ambiti in cui tale tutela può esplicarsi, ovvero, l’individuazione di un foro e di una legge applicabile favorevoli agli interessi del consumatore, la semplificazione delle regole di procedura nelle controversie individuali internazionali, la possibilità di dare luogo a procedimenti transfrontalieri collettivi e la creazione di un sistema efficace di risoluzione delle controversie internazionali in via stragiudiziale anche on-line. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce dapprima il sistema di diritto internazionale privatodell'Unione europea in materia di contratti di consumo, dando conto del contesto politico ed economico in cui si inserisce ed alla cui luce devono esserne letti gli obiettivi. Vengono quindi individuati i principi e gli obiettivi che fondano le norme di diritto internazionale privato in materia di contratti internazionali del consumatore, le quali si caratterizzano per l’essere ispirate a finalità materiali, ovvero, volte a permettere di individuare un foro competente ed una legge applicabile che siano in grado di bilanciare tra loro le esigenze dei consumatori e degli operatori del mercato, con la conseguenza di favorire l’esplicarsi degli scambi commerciali e della concorrenza nel mercato unico. Ciò avviene garantendo al consumatore l’applicazione della legge e la competenza del foro a lui più prossimi, ovvero quelli del suo paese di residenza abituale (la cui coincidenza permette peraltro una riduzione dei costi delle liti transfrontaliere) e la prevedibilità delle soluzioni agli operatori del mercato.Il capitolo traccia quindi lo sviluppo normativo e giurisprudenziale delle norme di diritto internazionale privato europee in materia di contratti del consumatore, prendendo in particolare in considerazione le più recenti sentenze della Corte di Giustizia che, dal 2010 ad oggi, hanno ridefinito l’ambito di applicazione delle norme contenute nel regolamento (CE) 44/2001 (Bruxelles I), oggi rifuso nel regolamento (UE) 1215/2012 (Bruxelles I-bis), e nel regolamento (CE) 593/2008 (Roma I), insistendo sulla definizione del concetto, volutamente aleatorio, di “attività diretta” e sul suo ruolo di preminenza nel connettere la fattispecie contrattuale allo Stato della residenza del consumatore per permetterne la competenza dei giudici e l’applicabilità della relativa legge. Viene svolta infine una analisi critica sull’interpretazione fornita dalla Corte di Giustizia che rischia, nel concreto, di rendere le norme in oggetto applicabili in maniera variabile dai giudici nazionali, garantendo alle volte una tutela troppo estesa o troppo ristretta al consumatore, senza riguardo per l’esigenza di certezza giuridica degli operatori del mercato
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Ghandour, Bertille. "Le traitement judiciaire des entreprises en difficulté." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20025.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionnellement, le droit des entreprises en difficulté recourt à l’autorité judiciaire pour la mise en oeuvre de ses dispositions et la réalisation de ses finalités. Toutefois, considérant l’évolution de ce droit, le traitement « tout judiciaire » des difficultés des entreprises est remis en cause. En effet, il ne s’agit plus seulement de sanctionner, mais davantage de prévenir les difficultés et de sauvegarder les entreprises, ce qui dénature l’office juridictionnel. De plus, les commerçants ne sont plus les seuls concernés par ce droit, ce qui aboutit à l’éclatement de la compétence juridictionnelle. Il y aurait lieu d’envisager d’autres modes de traitement. Prenant en compte l’existence d’un traitement administratif, connu du surendettement, mais, aussi, des entreprises, et favorisant le règlement alternatif des difficultés, une autre voie peut être proposée pour la prise en charge de l’impossibilité économique d’exécuter. La légitimité du juge, dont les interventions seraient recentrées et la compétence spécialisée, en ressortirait renforcée pour le traitement des entreprises en difficultéTraditionally, insolvency law appeals to the judicial authority to apply its provisions and to carry out its aims. However, regarding the evolution of this law, the exclusive judicial treatment of the difficulties is challenged. Indeed, it is no longer only to punish but more to prevent difficulties and safeguard businesses, which distorts the judicial office of the judge. In addition, traders are not the only ones affected by this law, leading to the outbreak of jurisdiction. Subsequently, there is a need to consider other modes of treatment. Taking into account the existence of an administrative process, known by over-indebtedness, but also by businesses, and promoting alternative dispute resolution of difficulties, another path can be proposed for the management of the economic impossibility of performance. The legitimacy of the judge, whose interventions would be refocused and skills specialised, would be strengthened in relation to the treatment of undertakings facing difficulties
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Travaini, Grégory. "De l’influence des puissances européennes sur la résolution des conflits en Afrique de l’Ouest : la culture juridique « africaine »." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020088.
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Cette thèse doctorale a pour objet l’étude et en particulier l’influence qu’a pu avoir, et qu’ont toujours, les puissances européennes sur la résolution des conflits en Afrique de l’Ouest et ainsi déterminer s'il existe une culture juridique « africaine »This thesis is devoted to the study the influence of the European powers on past and present dispute resolution in West African legal systems and thereby to determine whether an "African legal culture" exists
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WU, CHENG-CHAN, and 吳政展. "A Study of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) of Medical Dispute." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f3rvr5.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
科技法律研究所
107
Due to the advent of the era of technology and knowledge explosion, the people's civilized diseases are also complicated, so the quality requirements for medical care are even more important to the public. However, people's own rights and interests and the rapid dissemination of the media have made the number of medical disputes increase faster than in the past. Medical disputes are easy to produce when unexpected medical outcomes occur. The current situation of medical disputes in Taiwan has increased the number of litigation cases year by year, mostly in the criminal litigation combined with civil compensation and the low rate of successful cases. The victim was not satisfied, the defendant’s doctor was deeply troubled, and the court could not carry too many cases. The society was full of distrust of medical care. In the face of medical disputes, from medical injury compensation, litigation processing to litigation. Compared with the litigation procedure, the litigation mode has the advantages of low cost, time saving, high success rate and avoiding conflict sharpening. Therefore, this study begins with an overview of the current medical dispute treatment system, analyzes the reasons for the increase in medical corrections in Taiwan, and analyzes the foreign medical treatment model, and then summarizes the domestic medical treatment model, including reconciliation, mediation, and arbitration, etc.. Besides this research then discuss the relevant cases of medical treatment, and make recommendations on the draft of the "Medical Malpractice Prevention and Dispute Treatment Law" introduced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Finally this study summarizes the above, hoping to establish a domestic alternative dispute resolution treatment model with settlement, mediation and arbitration system as the center, and to create a safe and harmonious medical environment for doctors, patients, politics, and judicature.
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Moniz, Ricardo Manuel Bolota Velho e. Silva. "Non-adjudicative alternative means of dispute resolution in corporate governance." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21692.
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This thesis aims at exploring the benefits regarding the adoption of nonadjudicative
alternative means of dispute resolution (NAADR), mediation in specific, in
corporation’s legal frameworks and contracts. This paper reviews literature, categorizes
the types of corporate governance conflicts, analyses several studies and presents
empirical evidence that shows the positive effects of a NAADR as an enhancing factor
in increasing the value of a company.
This paper starts by acknowledging the existence of several situations in
corporate governance that are commonly identified as irritants for a healthy steering of a
company. We can separate these situations causing conflict in two different groups: the
conflicts that are board-related and the ones that are corporate governance related
conflicts, without needing the presence of the board.
The categorization of corporate governance conflicts is followed by an overview
of the negative consequences that these conflicts have for the overall performance of a
company. It finds, supported on evidence presented, that corporate governance conflicts,
on an economic stand point, contribute to undermine a company´s overall performance
by making it less profitable, leading inclusively to shareholder value decline.
This shareholder decline claim is illustrated by recent two different corporate
scandals: The general motors case and the Volkswagen emission case. In both cases,
decline in shareholder value happened after public disclosure of information. It
continues by building on existence research that analyses the relation between a
Director resignation that triggers the necessity of filling the 8-K filling form, and the
reaction of the market that followed such happening. It follows, by presenting the ADR
procedures continuum, highlighting, in specific the advantages of mediation and its importance on the prevention in what concerns the negatives outcomes resulted from
corporate governance conflicts.
It concludes by asserting that mediation is one of the best suited nonadjudicative
alternative means of dispute resolution for corporations. Nevertheless, it
acknowledges its lack of implementation on the corporate governance realm and
analyses the main reasons behind that lack of implementation, with a specific focus on
the Portuguese legal framework. It concludes that the legal Portuguese framework and
the Portuguese lawyer’s mindset doesn´t favor the implementation of mediation as a
true “forum” to seek grievance for the resolution of a conflict. This thesis ends by
providing a thorough analysis on the macro and micro economic benefits that result
from good corporate governance practices where NAADR mechanisms find its rightful
place as an enhancing factor for firm growth.
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Bushe, Bernard. "The efficacy of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in labour dispute resolution : a critical comparative analysis of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26223.
Full textAbstract:
This Master of Laws dissertation is a treatise of “The efficacy of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in labour disputes: a critical comparative analysis of Botswana, South Africa (RSA) and Zimbabwe.” Alternative Dispute Resolution hereinafter referred to as (“ADR”) has attracted so much research ado worldwide with policy makers alive to its possibilities in so far as it ought to shed off the burden of the courts in handling disputes. Courts are considered inundated with unresolved cases taking many years to finalise. ADR is therefore touted, not only the panacea, but the cheaper, efficient and effective alternative to normal court process. This study was saddled with the common challenges of definition, scope and methodology as does most scientific studies, especially to locate the concept ADR in the plethora of views from prominent exponent-s of the discipline. This study labored on the considered view that ADR is essentially an ‘out of court settlement approach to dispensing with disputes involving an attempt by disputants to rope in an impartial third party to aid finality to the respective wrangle. The lack of a methodological approach to treat this subject matter, made this study more challenging. The study had to therefore rely on a hypothetical model developed after gleaning through various scholarly views 1 that sought to treat the subject of ADR efficacy in labour dispute resolution. The study contented with the strongly held view 2 that ADR is an efficacious approach in resolving disputes outside the court system. As to whether this was the case in Botswana, RSA and Zimbabwe in so far as labour dispute resolution is concerned was the major challenge this study was seized with? A model was formulated which envisaged that efficaciousness of ADR may be achieved if three conditions or criteria are present within a jurisdiction, namely (1) ADR Background Conditions that comprise (a) adequate legislative and political support; (b) Supportive institutional and cultural norms, (c) adequate and competent manpower, (d) sufficient funding support, and (e) power-parity of disputants; (2) ADR Program Design comprising of (a) Planning and preparation and (b) Operations and implementation and finally (3) ADR Measures (a) Client satisfaction; (b) Time efficient; (c) Cost saving and (d) Settlement & enforcement. This study measured the situations obtaining in the three countries using these three-pronged criteria. In all three measures3 this study found that although all the three countries still have a long way before their ADR became as efficacious as would be reasonably possible, RSA has made many strides such as legislative enactments immediately upon attaining independence that sought to address the injustices of the past and thereby installing structures for enforcing industrial democracy 4, while Botswana and Zimbabwe took 5 years 5 and over 10 years 6 respectively after attaining independence. RSA established an independent body for dispensing with labour dispute settlement7 while Botswana8 and Zimbabwe 9 are still reluctant to do so, relying rather on their labour ministries often marinated in bureaucratic bottlenecks hence stalling efficacy of ADR. While RSA makes effort to provide adequate and competent manpower because of sufficient funding, Botswana and Zimbabwe still struggle to dispense with disputes under their labour departments who are either inadequately skilled or also accused of favouritism in the case of Zimbabwe.10 All the three countries are regarded as unequal societies which tends to sway the power-parity of disputants with capitalists still wielding unbridled powers in dispute outcomes. South Africa enacted section 143 to the Labour Relations Act 11 which empowers the Director of CCMA to certify an arbitral award, giving it the same force as an order of the Magistrate Court. This has cut off the time and administrative burden of having to register an arbitral award with the court so as to obtain writs of executions and enforce it, a practice which is still prevalent in Zimbabwe. The Department of Labour in South Africa has made funding available to the CCMA to assist employees who are not in a financial position to enforce awards in their favour.12 The funding is aimed at employees who are too indigent to afford the costs of enforcement.13 These employees are deemed to be: (a) Employees who earn below the earnings threshold (currently at R205 433.30 per annum) – proof of income will be required by the CCMA. There is no record regarding enforcement or ease of enforcement of ADR outcomes in Botswana and Zimbabwe or at least this study is aware of. The governments of Botswana and Zimbabwe have been accused of using a heavy hand in determining wages, the right to strike and often curtailing union power through declaring certain sectors essential services. RSA’s Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration hereinafter after referred to as (the “CCMA”)14 runs an electronic system of case management by which cases are screened and assigned commissioners whereas Zimbabwe and Botswana still rely on manual systems often inefficiently managed especially when it comes to allocating matters to ADR interventionists.15 In Zimbabwe the challenge of resources is acute often the Labour Officers lacking a simple photocopier and postage stamps to dispense with administration of disputes. This dissertation found that Botswana and Zimbabwe lack publicly available information from which to infer the efficaciousness of ADR practices therein. Measuring client satisfaction, efficiency and cost effectiveness, enforcement and settlement has not been tackled with ease, which was different when it came to RSA. This study argues that RSA’s ADR is efficacious rated at 75% attainment of settlement of disputes, despite accusations of failing to offer disputants options and job retention at the end of ADR intervention. Botswana and Zimbabwe on the measures raised above are not yet close to achieving efficaciousness based on the above criteria. The challenges need to be addressed to ensure that in all three measures ADR affords Botswana, RSA and Zimbabwe disputants a cheaper, efficient and effective alternative to dispensing with labour disputes. This study concluded with recommendations arising from the three measures ADR Background Conditions; ADR Program Design and (3) ADR Measures could be implemented towards achieving an efficacious ADR regime for the three countries and beyond.Mercantile Law
LL.M.
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LEE, YUN-CHEN, and 李昀蓁. "The Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) of Medical Disputes - Take Oregon’s Early Discussion and Resolution Program as Example." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dtvwn4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
科技法律研究所
105
The advancement of technologies never halts; therefore, in the present, one will naturally possess plenty of higher expectations towards medical quality and skills. however, one cannot sell the cow and still wants to drink the milk. The improvement of medical technology brings benefits to our health and the means to deal with sickness. nevertheless, patients are then simultaneously exposed to more and newer medical risks. In addition, under the newer and higher medical risks, one becomes more concerned about his own rights and thus gave rise to the numbers of medical dispute cases. It is definitely uplifting in learning that people understand the importance of defending their own rights. But, we shall not neglect the opposite aspect which is that the number of professional medical personnel drops due to rising medical disputes and those also contributes to the rise of defensive medical treatment. The aim of offering medical treatment is to relieve either the life in danger or the jeopardy towards health. However, the medical treatment itself is full of risks, plus, medical treatment is packed with infringement, particularity, and unpredictability. Therefore, the professional medical personnel bearing all these risks will not only work under such pressure but might also become a common participant of medical litigations. What's more, the medical personnel might take the position as a defendant or even a witness for a medical dispute. The point is, medical litigations often take up plenty of time and builds pressure upon the medical personnel and thus become exhausted. Therefore, the pressure from both occupation and medical disputes is very likely to influence the performance of a medical personnel, and thus lead to even more medical disputes. Nevertheless, is the mutual antagonistic judicial process the only means to end a dispute? The US, being a country of medical development excellence has long been concerned about the negative impacts that medical litigation on the medical environment. Thus, they would try various types of Alternative Dispute Resolutions and thus analyze the advantage and disadvantages of distinct solutions trying to mend the flaws in them, hoping to come up with a set of solutions that can profoundly give an end to the troublesome long-term Alternative Dispute Resolutions. So that a medical dispute could be settled peacefully before brought in front of judicial proceedings. Oregon of the United States is the first ever state to use the structural ADR system as its legislative base. The state formulated and passed a "statewide" "Resolution of Adverse Health Incident Act' and "Communication and Resolution Program, CRP." The Act leads the "Oregon Patient Safety Commission, OPSC" to create and to stay in charge of the "Early Discussion and Resolution Program, EDR program." The program offers the orderly disclosure and discussion to mediation. Once a medical dispute takes place, it is hoped to be dealt with via orderly procedure, confidential yet open communicative mode in order to settle medical malpractice and thus retrieve reasonable compensations without the use of court litigation.
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Faris, J. A. "An analysis of the theory and principles of alternative dispute resolution." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16772.
Full textAbstract:
The system of Alternative Dispute Resolution, commonly known as ADR, comprises
multiple informal processes. Traditional processes of negotiation, mediation and
arbitration are primary processes within the system of ADR. The elements of the primary
processes have been combined with one another or with those of public process to form
hybrid ADR processes original only to the system of ADR. These hybrid processes are:
rent-a-judge, the mini-trial, the summary jury trial, neutral evaluation and
mediation/arbitration. Under the auspices of ADR, derivative processes have also been
developed, such as expedited arbitration, documents-only arbitration, final-offer
arbitration and quality arbitration.
Each process is distinct and separate, having its own unique form, function and method
of transforming a dispute. Outwardly, this represents a diverse collection of disjunctive
processes. Yet an introspective analysis shows that there is an innate centrality that
originates in core principles that bind individual processes to each other and to a unified
body of theory. These foundational principles of ADR are replicated in each of its
processes. In these terms, ADR is therefore conceptualised as a pluralistic system of
dispute resolution that consists of autonomous and individual systems of process that
conform to a central body of general theory and consensual principles.
As a method of extracting the fundamental principles of ADR, the discontinuities and
continuities between the theory and principles of civil procedure, as a unitary system .of
procedure, and ADR processes are explored. However, in its conclusions, the thesis
rejects the premises of a unitary system of procedure as forming the basis for the theory
and principles of ADR. Instead, the contrary notion is advanced that ADR is an
independent system of dispute resolution which is based on a theory of processual
pluralism and supported by cogent processual principles.Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law
LL.D.
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Zingsheim, Nicole Brigitte. "ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) nach japanischem Recht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beilegung ziviler Streitigkeiten über Umweltverschmutzung /." 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/379644142.pdf.
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Hebká, Zuzana. "Mimosoudní řešení sporů v mezinárodním obchodním styku." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338247.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with out-of-court dispute resolution within international business transactions. Its goal is an analysis of those methods of dispute resolution that may be encountered both in practice and specialized literature and determination of their basic characteristics that allow comparison. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first two chapters are of general nature and specify the content of the given topic. The third chapter establishes the framework of relevant law and the subsequent chapters are concerned with the online dispute resolution with the help of modern technology. The first chapter is composed of three parts. The first part defines the notions of out-of-court dispute resolution and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and explains the relation between those two notions that are not considered synonymous. The second part describes the common features of the out-of-court dispute resolution methods. To the contrary, the third part points out the differences between them and groups the particular methods based on various criteria. The second chapter defines the international business transactions and focuses on international or foreign element and its determination. The third chapter provides an overview of the legal framework relevant to the topic. In its four parts...
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Song, Xinyi. "The Application Of Insurance As A Risk Management Tool For Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Implementation In Construction Disputes." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85X2H19.
Full textAbstract:
In modern days, construction projects have become more and more complex and intriguing. One source of the complexity arises from the large number of parties involved. This is especially the case for large-scale construction projects. Because of such complexity, disputes are almost inevitable and implementation costs associated with dispute resolution have become increasingly expensive. Because most projects operate on tight budgets, cost effective dispute resolution plays an important role in the success of a construction project.
For this purpose, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration are being widely adopted in large-scale construction projects to resolve disputes in more effective and cost-saving ways. However, the risk of incurring dispute-related cost overruns always exists because of the uncertainty in the distribution of dispute occurrence and the effectiveness of contractually-predetermined ADR techniques. As a result, the traditional self-insured structure which simply retains all dispute resolution costs to the project through contingency fees is no longer considered economical.
While many insurance policies cover the settlement of a dispute, such as professional liability insurance, no specific insurance policy is dedicated to cover the ADR implementation costs such as fees and expenses that are paid to the owner/contractor's employees, lawyers, claims consultants, third party neutrals, and other experts involved in the resolution process. To fill the gap, this dissertation proposes an insurance model to reduce the potential variations in the dispute resolution budget by pricing ADR techniques as an insurance product. It is designed to transfer the risk of dispute-related cost overruns from the project to a third-party insurance company.
To achieve this goal, this dissertation focuses on three major tasks: 1) investigate the role of ADR implementation insurance in construction risk management, 2) construct a mathematical model to represent the risk attitudes of project participants using utility theory and derive the basic premium of ADR implementation insurance using insurance pricing theory, and 3) develops a comprehensive framework to determine the optimal insurance premium by considering two additional insurance limits a Deductible Limit (DL) and a Maximum Payment Limit (MPL).
The objective of this dissertation is to provide project participants with an advantageous insurance policy that minimizes their total expected subjective loss. The model can serve as a decision-making support system to help project participants determine whether an ADR implementation insurance policy is attractive for a certain project. To illustrate the benefits of the proposed model, numerical examples are provided for simulation purpose. The results show that ADR implementation insurance, although not a tool to eliminate dispute resolution costs, is a powerful alternative in risk management to transfer the financial implications of ADR implementation risk to a third party.
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Zingsheim, Nicole [Verfasser]. "ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) nach japanischem Recht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beilegung ziviler Streitigkeiten über Umweltverschmutzung / vorgelegt von Nicole Zingsheim." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969853327/34.
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Vykysalá, Nikola. "Mimosoudní řešení sporů (ADR) se zaměřením na mediaci." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348726.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to present the main features of out-of-court dispute resolution (alternative dispute resolution) with mediation in civil and commercial issues under Directive No. 2008/52/EC, Act No. 202/2012 Coll., on Mediation and Change Some Laws ("Medition Act"), and Spanish Act No. 5/2012 on Mediation in Civil and Commercial Matters. The thesis purpose is definition of ADR and types of ADR, mediation and its relationship with international law and legislation in the Czech Republic and Spain. The thesis is divided into five basic chapters. The first chapter explains the term ADR and its advantages and disadvantages, its methods, such as mediation, arbitration, early neutral evaluation, conciliation, minitrial, expert determination and ombudsman. The thesis also explains some hybrid methods of ADR, such as med-arb and arb-med. The second chapter is devoted to the mediation. It refers to the term, the history and the development, the major principles, the forms, the person of mediator, his role, the appointment, the choice, the obligations of impartiality, the independence and the duty of confidentiality, as well as the role of the lawyer in mediation, the ethics in mediation, the costs of mediation and the process of mediation from the point of view of the particular phases. In the...
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Sistili, Brandy Kathleen. "Legislated impasse: discursive analysis of a local government ADR process." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3183.
Full textAbstract:
In 2006 the Capital Regional District (CRD) initiated an ADR process to resolve a regional dispute that arose from a proposed Regional Growth Strategy (RGS) amendment called Bylaw 3443. The ADR process itself is a provision within the RGS in the Local Government Act, Section 860. Bylaw 3443’s ADR process began with an interest-based facilitation that identified overlapping interests; however, by the end of the facilitation the dispute persisted. Although the facilitated intervention was unable to bring the parties to resolution, the submission chosen by the arbitrator closely resembled the recommendation put forward by the facilitator. The shift in process from facilitation to arbitration, and the content of the resolution itself, led to the central questions of this research. Considering the eventual outcome of arbitration, why did this dispute remain unresolved after facilitation?
This qualitative research utilizes an inquiry-based methodology, a narrative interviewing technique and a discursive analysis. These combined methods enabled the examination of talk and text of participants. The analysis uses discursive notions of power, knowledge and agency to deconstruct descriptions and interpretation of events in the ADR process. The discursive analysis of participant’s actions supports the thesis that people’s conflict actions are shaped by discourse. In this instance, the actions of local governments in the dispute were shaped by the discourses of law, politics and facilitation. This research provides two recommendations. First, the ADR procedures outlined in Local Government Act, Section 860, should be revised to place a greater emphasis on a consensus model of ADR, such as mediation, and less emphasis on the command models of ADR, such as arbitration. Second, there is a sense in resolving political disputes through facilitation, however it recommends that those who facilitate and those that dispute need to be aware of the role discourse plays in shaping conflict and suggest incorporating discursive deconstruction as a practical tool to complement a conflict practitioner’s technique.
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Lai, Chun-Chin, and 賴純青. "The Study of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) of Insurance Consumers－From the Perspective of using the Performance of the Complaints Handled by Insurance Companies as the Differentiation Supervisory Indicators." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wcq5t3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
102
Attributing to such features as aleatory contract, a long term agreement to fulfill a promise and representing the broker’s major and professional ethics, there are inevitable disputes on insurance products or services. The author works in the government and has to deal with public insurance appeal cases, which motivates him/her to do a study on Alternative Dispute Resolution of Insurance Consumers and how the competent authority takes the performance to resolve appeal cases of the insurer as differentiating management indicators. Based on this study, suggestions to Alternative Dispute Resolution of Insurance Consumers and operation mechanisms of differentiating supervision measures are put forward, which is sure to be much more suitable for the situation of R.O.C. This study adopts literature review and comparison method, accompanied by expert interview method in some chapters and section. In this literature review, the author not only explores the history of Alternative Dispute Resolution of Insurance Consumers, but also lists literatures of related systems in the UK, Singapore, Japan, etc. During the study, it introduces the history of financial consumer protection legislation, Alternative Dispute Resolution of Insurance Consumers and the operation and performance of financial consumer dispute authority (Financial Ombudsman Institution, hereinafter referred to as the Institution). Moreover, it discusses how the competent authority takes the aforesaid performance to appeal cases of the insurance company as the differentiating management methods on business and finance, and also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages. The above-mentioned performance refers to the comprehensive scores for calculating insurance appeal, based on quantities of reviewed cases. In the end, this study puts forward the relevant conclusions and suggestions: For the aspect of disputes resolving authority, it proposes ways on how to intensify the breadth and depth of its educating and publicizing functions, to further promote the operation of autonomic negotiation mechanism from insurers and consumers, to carry out the institutionalization and standardization when citing the Fair and Reasonable principles into resolutions, and start to prepare for such big data; For the aspect of the competent authority, this study suggests, out of the position of protecting consumers, to further strengthen the differentiating management measures of supervision indicators in order to encourage the insurer to fully emphasize insurance dispute resolution performance and make more stable development in the insurance market.
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Rodrigues, Joana Filipa Gomes. "Das potencialidades dos meios de resolução alternativa e online de conflitos no contexto nacional e europeu em matéria laboral." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/50281.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direito e InformáticaQuem pensa Justiça sabe que, apesar de todos os seus problemas, o sistema comum de Justiça é, e continuará a ser, a espinha dorsal dos Sistemas de Justiça1. Por outro lado, quem pensa Justiça também sabe que isso só não chega. É preciso mais! A evolução da sociedade, a globalização pede mais! E é neste sentido que, no século XX, brotam os sistemas extra-judiciais de Justiça – os meios de Resolução Alternativa de Litígios –, sem os formalismos e os ritualismos do judicial, tendo como base essencial a chamada proximidade2. Tudo isto sem esquecer que, para entender o conflito e tudo o que o envolve, é necessário ter em atenção a parte humana que o rodeia, já que é ela que nos leva a esta dita proximidade. Sem isso, não há proximidade e, sem proximidade, não há Justiça restaurativa de paz. Já dizia Platão que, quem tivesse um conflito, deveria procurar a solução junto de vizinhos, de amigos, de quem conhecesse os factos, antes de ir a Tribunal34. Entretanto, e a par disto, no século XXI o grande desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC), com particular projeção na Internet, impulsionaram e desafiaram a RAL, a converterem-se a estes meios, originando ao que hoje designamos por resolução de litígios em linha (RLL). A presente dissertação perpassa por estes temas, designadamente pela resolução alternativa de litígios e resolução de litígios em linha na área laboral. Aqui, o pretendido é abordar estes temas, conhecer o seu funcionamento em Portugal e noutros países da União Europeia, numa tentativa de expandir horizontes e publicitar estes meios como uma forma rápida e eficaz face à via contenciosa dita tradicional.
Who thinks Justice knows that, despite all of its problems, the common system of Justice is and will continue to be the spinal cord of the Justice Systems. On the other hand, who thinks justice also knows that’s not enough. It takes more! The society’s evolution, the globalization requests more. And it’s in this sense that in the twentieth century the extra-judicial systems of Justice sprout – the RAL means -, without the formalisms and the ritualisms of the judicial, having as an essential base the so called proximity. All this without forgetting that to understand the conflict and all that surrounds it is necessary to take into account the human part, since it is what brings us to this so-called proximity. Without it, there is no proximity and restorative justice. Platão already claimed that who had a conflict should seek a solution with neighbors, friends, who ever knew the facts, before going into court. Meanwhile and alongside this, in the twenty first century the Great technology of information and communication (TIC) development, with particular projection on the internet, boosted and challenged the RAL into converting to these means, originating what we call today as resolution of disputes in line (RDL). The present dissertation runs through these themes, namely the alternative resolution of disputes and the online dispute resolution in the laboral area. Here the intended is to broach these themes, know their work in Portugal and in other countries of the EU, in an attempt of expanding horizons and advertise these means as a fast and effective way in view of the contentious route called traditional.
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Dostie-Nicol, Marilou. "L'arbitrage intérimaire des différends dans le secteur de la construction : application et perspectives au Québec." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23680.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire se penche sur l'opportunité d'introduire en droit civil québécois l'arbitrage intérimaire obligatoire pour les différends du secteur de la construction. Ce mécanisme est principalement utilisé dans les pays de « common law » pour un règlement rapide des différends en matière de construction. Ce domaine d’activité est propice aux litiges, notamment en raison des aspects techniques, de la diversité et du nombre d'acteurs impliqués et des sommes en jeu, particulièrement en contexte de grands chantiers. Les procédures judiciaires peuvent être longues et fastidieuses. Ces délais se traduisent par des coûts supplémentaires pour les parties, non seulement pour la procédure elle-même, mais également pour la prolongation du projet (salaires, machineries, assurances, etc.). Devant ces défis, les juridictions de common law ont développé un processus qui se veut expéditif pour régler les différends en temps réel et en minimiser l'impact jusqu'à la procédure finale, une fois les travaux terminés. Le but est d’éviter qu’un différend ne dégénère ou paralyse le projet jusqu’à en compromettre la réalisation. À notre connaissance, aucune juridiction de droit civil ne prévoit un tel mécanisme, bien que les défis soient à priori les mêmes. Nous nous interrogeons sur les raisons expliquant cette absence. Le nouveau Code de procédure civile tend vers les modes alternatifs des différends et dans ce contexte, nous nous interrogeons sur l'opportunité d'incorporer un mécanisme semblable pour l'industrie de la construction au Québec. Enfin, nous étudierons les adaptations qui pourraient être nécessaires à l'application d'un tel processus, issu de la common law, en droit civil québécois.This master thesis explores the possibility of introducing a compulsory interim arbitration mechanism for the resolution of disputes in the construction sector in Quebec civil law. As of today, such procedure is mainly used in common law jurisdictions for the rapid settlement of construction disputes. Construction is a sector that is particularly prone to litigation, mainly because of the technical aspects, the diversity and the number of actors as well as the sums involved, particularly in the context of major projects. Court proceedings can be long and tedious. These delays result in additional costs for the parties, not only for the procedure itself, but also for the extension of the project (wages, machinery, insurance, etc.). In response to these challenges, common law jurisdictions have developed an expeditious process to resolve disputes in real time and minimize their impact until final proceedings are completed. The aim is to prevent a dispute from escalating and eventually, paralyze the project itself and jeopardizes its realization. To our knowledge, no civil law jurisdiction provides for such a mechanism, although the challenges are a priori the same. We question the reasons for this absence. The new Code of Civil Procedure tends towards alternative dispute resolution and in this context, we are wondering about the possibility of incorporating a similar mechanism for the construction industry in Quebec. Finally, we will evaluate the adaptations that may be advised for the application of such a process, because of its common law, origins, in Quebec civil law.
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Khatcherian, Meher. "La résolution de conflits en milieu tribal au Proche-Orient (solha) : d'une pratique arabe traditionnelle à des principes universels." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3895.
Full textAbstract:
La solha (« réconciliation » en arabe) est une méthode de résolution de conflits millénaire provenant du milieu tribal proche oriental. Bien au delà du simple règlement de litige, cette réconciliation vise à rétablir l’harmonie au sein des tissus sociaux déchirés. Habilitée à traiter toutes sortes de conflits, de la simple forme pénale aux cas criminels les plus complexes (cycles de vengeances et de vendetta), la solha s’est adaptée à des milieux très différents. La cause principale de son efficacité semble être l’universalité de ses principes fondamentaux (le pardon, la nécessité d’une réinsertion sociale du coupable, la satisfaction des victimes, etc.) ainsi que l’adéquation de ses rituels de réconciliation aux mœurs des populations qui la pratiquent.
Ce mémoire cherche à approfondir notre compréhension de cette approche traditionnelle afin d’enrichir nos connaissances et moyens en termes de résolution de conflits contemporains. A cette fin, seront isolés les éléments fondamentaux qui font l’efficacité de cette méthode. Ceux-ci constitueront un modèle théorique minimal de la solha qui permettra d’entamer, à ce stade de l’étude, une réflexion quant à la possibilité de transposer de tels acquis à des milieux d’interventions nouveaux.The sulha (“reconciliation” in Arabic) is a thousand years old conflict resolution method used in the near east tribal world. Far beyond a simple mediation, its objective is a solid reconstruction of the destroyed social network. Habilitated to deal with all kinds of conflicts, from simple penal cases to long lasting vendettas, the sulha process has proven its usefulness in very different social milieu. The most evident reason for this success has been its dual composition: fundamental principles that seem universal (forgiveness, social reinsertion of the guilty, satisfaction of the victims, etc.) and adaptive rituals that fit into people’s customs. This thesis seeks to enrich our knowledge and means in terms of conflict resolution by trying to reveal the mechanisms that make this method so efficient. The main objective is to compose a basic theoretical model of the sulha that would open a reflection about the possibility of transposing this model to new intervention contexts.
Avant-propos: La résolution de conflits s’est installée dans les cursus universitaires comme une discipline à part entière sinon comme une orientation au sein de plusieurs sciences sociales. En effet, ce champ d’étude fait de plus en plus l’objet de réflexions en sciences politiques, en sociologie, en anthropologie, etc, et ce, de par l’interdisciplinarité des questionnements qui en relèvent. Toutefois, la dimension religieuse, souvent considérée comme source de conflits, est quasi inexistante lorsqu’il est question d’approches de résolution. Nous nous proposons donc d’examiner la solha, une pratique proche orientale au sein de laquelle le fait religieux est une composante essentielle à la réconciliation escomptée. Note concernant la translittération: Les termes provenant de l’arabe feront l’objet d’une translittération phonétique basée sur le français. Notez que les translittérations en langue française sont différentes de celle en langue anglaise. Par exemple, le terme solha trouvera son équivalent anglais dans le terme sulha (d’où la différence d’orthographe entre le contenu de cette étude et les citations qui proviennent d’articles anglophones). De plus, notez que le genre (féminin, masculin) des termes translittérés reprendra celui de la langue d’origine, l’arabe. Ainsi, solha sera féminin, jaha aussi, etc… Finalement, pour des raisons de clarté, les termes translittérés seront tous en italique dans le texte.
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Moreira, Bianca Alexandra Agostinho. "Identificação de táticas e estratégias para a resolução de conflitos através do estudo de casos passados." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/64077.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direito e InformáticaOs principais meios de resolução alternativa de litígios conhecidos são a negociação, a mediação e a arbitragem praticadas nos centros de informação, mediação e arbitragem de consumo, passando também pelos sistemas de ODR. O presente estudo visa a identificação de técnicas e estratégias para a resolução alternativa de conflitos através do estudo de casos passados. Seguindo o exemplo do TEDH, tentaremos encontrar alguns padrões escondidos em diversos conflitos, analisando-se uma grande quantidade de informação e extraindo-se padrões ou correlações, que produzirão conhecimento útil em relação a um conjunto de dados. Qual o conhecimento útil que poderá vir a ser encontrado? Todo e qualquer tipo de informação. Denote-se que estas correlações futuramente, poderão vir a ser utilizadas na construção de um algoritmo, que atua como agente de software autónomo, uma ferramenta auxiliar no ramo da resolução alternativa de litígios. A investigação e recolha dos dados foi feita no CIAB, centro de arbitragem que promove a resolução de conflitos de consumo. Após a conversão das informações em suporte de papel para o formato digital, será possível aplicar alguns algoritmos que são “cegos”, sendo que estes só conseguem perceber as regularidades. Visto existir tão pouca informação sobre como elaborar estes algoritmos, procedeu-se a uma análise estatística dos dados. No entanto a Ciência de Dados é uma área em constante desenvolvimento, sendo que esta informação recolhida, futuramente será essencial para a construção desses algoritmos. As grandes metas desta dissertação passarão, por conseguir perceber qual o meio RAL mais adequado a cada tipo de conflito, quais as áreas mais reclamadas, qual o estilo negocial adotado ao longo de cada fase do processo, qual a BATNA e a WATNA dos interessados. Esta análise estatística demonstra-se relevante, ao nível da Ciência dos Dados, que nos permite extrair conhecimento útil de grandes quantidades de informação.
The best known ways of alternative dispute resolutions are negotiation, mediation and arbitration. These ways are practiced at centers of information, mediation and arbitration and also passes through the ODR systems that have been presently developed. According to the TEDH example, we will try to find hidden patterns in various conflicts by running one single algorithm. The investigation and collection of data was done at the CIAB, an arbitration center that promotes the resolution of the consumption conflicts. After converting all the paper information to a digital format, it will be possible to apply some ´blind` algorithms that can understand the regularities of the cases. Seeing that there is very little information on how to elaborate these algorithms, a statistical analysis of the data was made. But one must never forget that Science Data is an area of constant development and all the information that collected will be extremely useful for the construction of these algorithms. The main goal of this dissertation was to understand the most adequate ADR for each conflict, which areas had more claims and which negotiable style was adapted during each phase of the process. Last but not least which is the BATNA and WATNA of the interested parties. This statistical analysis shows through Science Data, that useful knowledge can be extracted from great quantities of information.
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Nabais, Maria Carolina Cruzeiro. "Mediação de Conflitos na Entidade Reguladora da Saúde – Princípio da Confidencialidade." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84145.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Administração Pública Empresarial - extinto apresentado à Faculdade de DireitoUma das marcas do Estado Regulador é a chamada “desgovernamentalização da regulação”, com o aparecimento das autoridades reguladoras independentes. Estas passaram a assumir a regulação do mercado, e por isso foram lhes atribuídos diversos poderes. Atualmente, existem autoridades reguladoras independentes que detêm o poder de mediação de conflitos. A mediação de conflitos é um meio de resolução alternativa de litígios, que em Portugal ainda se encontra em expansão. Por esta razão não é conhecida por muitos dos Portugueses, e muitos dos que conhecem ou ouviram falar, têm algum receio de optar por este meio para a resolução dos seus conflitos. Desta forma, é necessário dar a conhecer às pessoas esta alternativa, em quê que consiste e como funciona, para que possam ficar mais informadas e esclarecidas, podendo assim tomar melhores decisões. A Entidade Reguladora da Saúde é uma entidade que pode resolver conflitos entre os prestadores de cuidados de saúde e entre estes e os utentes através da mediação. Os conflitos que surgem nesta área da saúde são bastante sensíveis e carregam uma grande carga emocional pela questão de saúde vivenciada. Assim, a mediação de conflitos pode ser vista como um meio vantajoso para a resolução destes conflitos. O procedimento de mediação na Entidade Reguladora da Saúde rege-se por vários princípios, sendo um deles o da confidencialidade. Este relatório de mestrado tem como principal objetivo saber se o princípio da confidencialidade tem uma base legal e se permite exceções.Uma das marcas do Estado Regulador é a chamada “desgovernamentalização da regulação”, com o aparecimento das autoridades reguladoras independentes. Estas passaram a assumir a regulação do mercado, e por isso foram lhes atribuídos diversos poderes. Atualmente, existem autoridades reguladoras independentes que detêm o poder de mediação de conflitos. A mediação de conflitos é um meio de resolução alternativa de litígios, que em Portugal ainda se encontra em expansão. Por esta razão não é conhecida por muitos dos Portugueses, e muitos dos que conhecem ou ouviram falar, têm algum receio de optar por este meio para a resolução dos seus conflitos. Desta forma, é necessário dar a conhecer às pessoas esta alternativa, em quê que consiste e como funciona, para que possam ficar mais informadas e esclarecidas, podendo assim tomar melhores decisões. A Entidade Reguladora da Saúde é uma entidade que pode resolver conflitos entre os prestadores de cuidados de saúde e entre estes e os utentes através da mediação. Os conflitos que surgem nesta área da saúde são bastante sensíveis e carregam uma grande carga emocional pela questão de saúde vivenciada. Assim, a mediação de conflitos pode ser vista como um meio vantajoso para a resolução destes conflitos. O procedimento de mediação na Entidade Reguladora da Saúde rege-se por vários princípios, sendo um deles o da confidencialidade. Este relatório de mestrado tem como principal objetivo saber se o princípio da confidencialidade tem uma base legal e se permite exceções.
One of the characteristics of the state as regulator is the so-called “regulation ungovernmentalization” that is when independent regulatory authorities emerge. These authorities have started to assume the market regulation, thus having been granted various powers. There are currently independent regulatory authorities holding the power of conflict mediation.Conflict mediation is an alternative means of dispute resolution and it is still expanding in Portugal. In fact, only a few Portuguese have heard about it and many still fear resolving their conflicts by this means. It is thus essential to inform people about this alternative path by sharing knowledge about what it is about and how it works, so that wiser decisions can be taken.The Health Regulation Authority is an entity which can solve problems among health care providers and between them and their users through mediation. Conflict emerging in health care is often sensitive due to the emotional pressure caused by the experienced health issue. Conflict mediation can therefore be seen as a beneficial means of conflict resolution. The mediation procedure in the Health Regulation Authority is ruled by many principles one of them being confidentiality. This master degree final report aims at finding evidence about a legal basis for the principle of confidentiality and to prove if any exceptions for this principle are allowed.One of the characteristics of the state as regulator is the so-called “regulation ungovernmentalization” that is when independent regulatory authorities emerge. These authorities have started to assume the market regulation, thus having been granted various powers. There are currently independent regulatory authorities holding the power of conflict mediation.Conflict mediation is an alternative means of dispute resolution and it is still expanding in Portugal. In fact, only a few Portuguese have heard about it and many still fear resolving their conflicts by this means. It is thus essential to inform people about this alternative path by sharing knowledge about what it is about and how it works, so that wiser decisions can be taken.The Health Regulation Authority is an entity which can solve problems among health care providers and between them and their users through mediation. Conflict emerging in health care is often sensitive due to the emotional pressure caused by the experienced health issue. Conflict mediation can therefore be seen as a beneficial means of conflict resolution. The mediation procedure in the Health Regulation Authority is ruled by many principles one of them being confidentiality. This master degree final report aims at finding evidence about a legal basis for the principle of confidentiality and to prove if any exceptions for this principle are allowed.
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Duranleau, Joëlle. "La médiation obligatoire en droit civil comme outil pour favoriser l'accès à la justice." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21352.
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Carvalho, Marta Susana Cancela. "Mediação familiar transfronteiriça: a gestão pública na administração da justiça." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18453.
Full textAbstract:
Neste singelo excurso, parte-se de uma breve análise da evolução das formas de
organização do Estado e da Administração Pública, tomando em conta aquilo que, em cada
momento, se considera ser o papel do Estado perante as transformações da sociedade e as
necessidades que esta considera deverem ser satisfeitas pelo mesmo, na perspetiva da
modernização da administração da Justiça, que vem sendo progressivamente colocada ao
serviço dos cidadãos.
O debate centra-se, hoje, no modo como poderemos encontrar ferramentas que
permitam agilizar a administração da Justiça, aproximando-a de todos quantos carecem de ver
solucionados os seus litígios, visto que os sistemas tradicionais já não dão resposta a todas as
necessidades, sobretudo no que respeita à organização familiar e à forma de gerir os conflitos
surgidos em estruturas familiares plurilocalizadas, cedendo espaço a soluções de Justiça que se
pretendem cada vez mais amigáveis e próximas em prol da proteção das crianças, tantas vezes,
atores de “peças” que não criaram.
É neste caldo de composição de interesses e princípios que a mediação familiar, em
particular, quando esteja ao serviço da resolução de litígios transfronteiriços, vem assumindo o
seu papel. No presente trabalho analisa-se o caminho já trilhado e as opções de política pública
passíveis de serem adotadas de molde a colocar a mediação familiar transfronteiriça ao serviço
dos cidadãos com maior eficiência e eficácia.In this simple dissertation, the starting point shall be a brief analysis of the evolution of the forms of organization of the State and Public Administration, taking into account what is considered at any moment the role of the State in the face of the changes of society and the needs that it considers that must be fulfilled by it, in view of the modernization of the justice administration, which has been progressively placed at the service of citizens. The debate today focuses on how we can find tools to streamline the administration of justice, bringing it closer to all those who need to solve their litigation, since traditional systems no longer respond to all needs, especially with regard to family organization and the way to manage the conflicts that have arisen in multi-localized family structures, giving way to justice solutions that are intended to be increasingly friendly and close in order to protect children who are often the actors in "plays" they did not create. It is in this mix of interests and principles that family mediation, particularly when it serves the resolution of cross-border litigation, has assumed its role. This paper analyses the path already taken and the public policy options that can be adopted in order to make crossborder family mediation more efficient and effective.