Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alternative peer review methods

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Alternative peer review methods'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternative peer review methods"

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Mansory, Mazin. "The Significance of Non-traditional and Alternative Assessment in English Language Teaching: Evidence From Literature." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 5 (2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i5.17782.

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Assessment is an integral part of teaching and learning in educational organizations that requires teachers to prepare tests in order to evaluate their learners’ performance. In language teaching contexts, traditional assessment often evaluates learners’ knowledge of previously learned language items. It is a mandatory process that determines the progress of language learners and the effectiveness of teaching/learning materials. This theoretical article reviews the literature on the notion of traditional assessment or static assessment which has certain shortcomings. Owing to the various drawbacks of static assessment, the review of related literature on the topic highlights and proposes alternative assessment methods, such as authentic assessment, dynamic assessment, peer assessment, and self-assessment. In contrast to traditional assessment, these different forms of alternative assessment share a common purpose that is to provide language learners with an opportunity to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses and set their future learning goals. The most common of the assessment methods that encourage learners' reflection were peer assessment and self-assessment which involve learners to assess their own progress as well as engage with peers in classrooms to give each other feedback on their language learning tasks assigned by teachers. The studies reviewed in this article illustrate that alternative assessment methods in the form of peer and self-assessment have a positive influence on the language learners' performance and their learning outcomes.
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Chong, Mike R., Lori Goff, and Kimberly Dej. "12. Undergraduate Essay Writing: Online and Face-to-Face Peer Reviews." Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 5 (June 19, 2012): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v5i0.3423.

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We implemented two different approaches of using peer review to support undergraduate essay assignments for students taking large second-year courses in life sciences and biology: a web-based online peer review (OPR) approach and a more traditional face-to-face peer review (FPR) approach that was conducted in tutorial settings. The essays consisted of a review of current literature to discuss the molecular involvement of cancer development or stem-cell growth. Following implementation of the peer reviews, we conducted a preliminary analysis of the pros and cons of using the two methods. Student and instructor feedback suggested that the activity of peer review was generally perceived as valuable regardless of which approach was used. OPR was convenient and saved time and resources relative to FPR, but the technical drawbacks using the OPR approach made it challenging for some students to use. A subsequent investigation using alternative OPR programs that offer additional functionality is planned.
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Lin, Li, Rui Zhi Wen, Bao Feng Zhou, and Da Cheng Shi. "Study on Strong Motion Records Database and Selection Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2117.

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In this paper, PEER Ground Motion Databases (PGMD) at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) was updated by 314 sets of ground motion records of great earthquakes in recent years, which expanded the application of this database. This paper reviews alternative selection methods for strong ground motion records. The expanded database could make the different selection and scaling of strong motion records in great earthquakes, and the conditional mean spectrum (CMS) method could be applied for the strong motion records selection in structural spectrum analysis.
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Stokes, William S., Leonard M. Schechtman, and Richard N. Hill. "The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM): A Review of the ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Process and Current International Collaborations with the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM)." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 2_suppl (2002): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203002s04.

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Over the last decade, national authorities in the USA and Europe have launched initiatives to validate new and improved toxicological test methods. In the USA, the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), and its supporting National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), were established by the Federal Government to work with test developers and Federal agencies to facilitate the validation, review, and adoption of new scientifically sound test methods, including alternatives that can reduce, refine, and replace animal use. In Europe, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) was established to conduct validation studies on alternative test methods. Despite differences in organisational structure and processes, both organisations seek to achieve the adoption and use of alternative test methods. Accordingly, both have adopted similar validation and regulatory acceptance criteria. Collaborations and processes have also evolved to facilitate the international adoption of new test methods recommended by ECVAM and ICCVAM. These collaborations involve the sharing of expertise and data for test-method workshops and independent scientific peer reviews, and the adoption of processes to expedite the consideration of test methods already reviewed by the other organisation. More recently, NICEATM and ECVAM initiated a joint international validation study on in vitro methods for assessing acute systemic toxicity. These collaborations are expected to contribute to accelerated international adoption of harmonised new test methods that will support improved public health and provide for reduced and more-humane use of laboratory animals.
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Kirkham, Jamie, and David Moher. "Who and why do researchers opt to publish in post-publication peer review platforms? - findings from a review and survey of F1000 Research." F1000Research 7 (June 27, 2018): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15436.1.

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Background: Preprint servers and alternative publication platforms enable authors to accelerate the dissemination of their research. In recent years there has been an exponential increase in the use of such servers and platforms in the biomedical sciences, although little is known about who, why and what experiences researchers have with publishing on such platforms. In this article we explore one of these alternative publication platforms, F1000 Research, which offers immediate publication followed by post-publication peer review. Methods: From an unselected cohort of articles published between 13th July 2012 and 30th November 2017 in F1000 Research, we provided a summary of who and what was published on this platform and calculated the percentage of published articles that had been indexed on a bibliographic database (PubMed) following successful post-publication peer review. We also surveyed corresponding authors to further understand the rationale and experiences of those that have published using this platform. Results: A total of 1865 articles had been published in the study cohort period, of which 80% (n=1488) had successfully undergone peer review and were indexed on PubMed within a minimum period of six months since first publication. Nearly three-quarters of articles passed the peer review process with their initial submission. Survey responses were received from 296 corresponding authors. Open access, open peer review and the speed of publication were the three main reasons why authors opted to publish with F1000 Research. Conclusions: Many who published with F1000 Research had a positive experience and indicated that they would publish again with this same platform in the future. Nevertheless, there remained some concerns about the peer review process and the quality of the articles that were published.
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Anonymous. "Peer review report 1 on “Preserving the variance in imputed eddy-covariance measurements: alternative methods for defensible gap filling”." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 217 (January 2016): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.11.253.

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Fagerjord, Anders. "Humanist Evaluation Methods in Locative Media Design." Journal of Media Innovations 2, no. 1 (2015): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v2i1.893.

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Media design can be used for research purposes if it includes a clearly defined research question, and clear evaluation to see whether an answer to the research question has been found. Using a project with locative media for classical music communication as our example, we discuss common evaluation methods from the User Experience field, observing that they all tend to test “interface” and not “content.” Instead we propose three other methods of evaluation, that have a basis in humanist theories, such as textual analysis and genre studies: (1) Qualitative interviews with evaluators after the evaluation, asking them to describe the service in their own words, followed by a semantic analysis to get at how they have understood the service. (2) Within-subject A/B tests with alternative versions that are different in key aspects. (3) Peer review by experienced design researchers, who are likely to have a more fine-tuned vocabulary to express their opinions.
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Hussain, Mustafa I., Tera L. Reynolds, and Kai Zheng. "Medication safety alert fatigue may be reduced via interaction design and clinical role tailoring: a systematic review." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 10 (2019): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz095.

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Abstract Objective Alert fatigue limits the effectiveness of medication safety alerts, a type of computerized clinical decision support (CDS). Researchers have suggested alternative interactive designs, as well as tailoring alerts to clinical roles. As examples, alerts may be tiered to convey risk, and certain alerts may be sent to pharmacists. We aimed to evaluate which variants elicit less alert fatigue. Materials and Methods We searched for articles published between 2007 and 2017 using the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. We included articles documenting peer-reviewed empirical research that described the interactive design of a CDS system, to which clinical role it was presented, and how often prescribers accepted the resultant advice. Next, we compared the acceptance rates of conventional CDS—presenting prescribers with interruptive modal dialogs (ie, “pop-ups”)—with alternative designs, such as role-tailored alerts. Results Of 1011 articles returned by the search, we included 39. We found different methods for measuring acceptance rates; these produced incomparable results. The most common type of CDS—in which modals interrupted prescribers—was accepted the least often. Tiering by risk, providing shortcuts for common corrections, requiring a reason to override, and tailoring CDS to match the roles of pharmacists and prescribers were the most common alternatives. Only 1 alternative appeared to increase prescriber acceptance: role tailoring. Possible reasons include the importance of etiquette in delivering advice, the cognitive benefits of delegation, and the difficulties of computing “relevance.” Conclusions Alert fatigue may be mitigated by redesigning the interactive behavior of CDS and tailoring CDS to clinical roles. Further research is needed to develop alternative designs, and to standardize measurement methods to enable meta-analyses.
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Corsaro, William A. "Big Ideas from Little People: What Research with Children Contributes to Social Psychology." Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 1 (2020): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272520906412.

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Beginning in the 1970s, research in childhood studies led to the reevaluation of children’s agency and their contributions to society. In my work on children’s interactions with peers and adults in schools and families, I challenged traditional views of socialization offering the alternative view of interpretive reproduction and associated concepts of peer culture and priming events. I review the development of these concepts and the importance of longitudinal comparative ethnography and audiovisual recording for capturing how research with children contributes both to rigorous reexamination of socialization theory and the field of social psychology more generally. In particular, I focus on the expansion of two theoretical concepts in my work related to the general notion of interpretive reproduction: (1) nonlinear and collective reproductive versus linear stage views of socialization and human development and (2) micro dramas in collective routines in peer culture. In the review of my methods and theory and in the expansion of my theoretical concepts, I continually raise issues regarding reexamination of Mead’s play and game stage and for the need to radically alter or even abandon the traditional concept of socialization.
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Gilson, Carly B., Erik W. Carter, and Elizabeth E. Biggs. "Systematic Review of Instructional Methods to Teach Employment Skills to Secondary Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities." Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities 42, no. 2 (2017): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540796917698831.

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Effective vocational instruction is an essential aspect of preparing students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) for the world of work. We systematically reviewed research on instructional methods used to teach employment skills to secondary students with IDD. We identified 56 studies involving 766 participants with IDD. Four intervention approaches emphasized technology or some other instructional stimulus (i.e., self-management devices, video-based, audio-based, picture and tactile-based) and four focused on live instructors (i.e., direct instruction, augmentative and alternative communication, simulation, peer-delivered). Among the 21 instructional methods used within these approaches, performance feedback, device-assisted instruction, response prompting, and community-based instruction were the most common. We address the extent to which these intervention approaches were effective across students, instructional methods, settings, and outcomes, as well as offer recommendations for future research and practice.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternative peer review methods"

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Stevens, David John. "Review of Alternative Construction Methods for Transmission Towers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, Marketing, and Entrepreneurship, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8937.

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It is important to ensure that Transpower is prepared to deliver upcoming transmission tower refurbishment projects that are located on sites with difficult access. This project reviews the availability, capability and cost of utilising alternative construction methods and any associated wider issues. The focus of this report is on how Transpower can more effectively utilise helicopters and gin poles for transmission tower erection and material delivery on remote sites.
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Illana-Mahiques, Emilia. "Deconstructing peer review in the Spanish writing classroom: a mixed methods study." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6770.

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This study explores learners’ online peer review practices during a four-week second language writing project. The project was developed at the college level, in a multi-section upper-level Spanish writing course. Using theories relevant to second language acquisition and second language writing the goals of the study were multiple: (1) to identify the types of comments students used and explore peer review in terms of the givers’ and receivers’ roles, (2) to examine students’ attitudes and self-perceptions about peer review, and (3) to develop an understanding of how students’ attitudes and self-perceptions may influence their feedback-giving procedures. The three goals were addressed using different methods of inquiry, and the findings obtained in the first phase guided the analysis that took place during the second phase. In the quantitative phase, the analyses of data sources (e.g., feedback comments given and received and students’ written drafts) show that giving feedback is a better predictor of final performance than receiving feedback. This principle of learning by reviewing is most evident when students offer feedback that identifies problems, gives a justification, or explains positive elements in the peers’ text. The qualitative phase builds on the quantitative results: it zooms in to the role of the feedback giver to further explore participants’ attitudes and perceptions towards peer review. The analyses of data sources (e.g., pre-study questionnaire, participants’ interviews and peer review simulation activity, and the teacher-researcher reflective journal) show that students do self-position themselves into a specific feedback-giving role. Moreover, the study also confirms that students’ perceptions regarding their attitudes and the comments they give to peers accurately corroborate their actual peer review performance. By combining both methods of inquiry, quantitative and qualitative methods, this study further examines the specific procedures that two case study students follow when offering feedback to a peer. In particular, the procedures for offering problem identification, suggestion, and explanation of the praise comments are analyzed in detail. The results are further interpreted through the lenses of the feedback-giving roles assumed by each of the case study students. Based on the overall findings, the study suggests broadening the notion of feedback: from a unilateral perspective in which comments are addressed from feedback givers to receivers, to a multilateral perspective in which the comments offered are meant to benefit both feedback givers and feedback receivers. The study ends with pedagogical implications for second language learning, implications for the field of second language acquisition, and perspectives for future research.
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Papagrigoraki, Anna. "Peer mediated learning in inclusive education : A systematic literature review on the methods and their effects on children." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30347.

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During the past few years, mainstream education has become more and more inclusive all over the world. This fact calls for effective teaching methods, supporting the participation and learning of all the students in a class. Such methods are the ones that occupy peer-mediated learning and methods related to them. This study aims to investigate strategies of interventions involving peer-mediated learning between children in need of special educational support and typically developing children 3-12 years of age and their effects on them. In order to achieve that, a systematic literature review was conducted, for which five databases were researched. Eight articles came up, each describing a different strategy occupying peer-mediated learning or a strategy related to it, which had multiple benefits for the participating children on engagement, social and cognitive level. Further research is needed, though, to address the gaps in literature.
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Grahek, Myranda Marshall Linda L. "Agreement between self and other ratings in multi-rater tools performance, alternative measures, and importance /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9102.

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Makris, Ioannis. "Complementary alternative therapy methods used in persons receiving palliative care to alleviate pain : a literature review." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2467.

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Palliative care aims for the relief of suffering, pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual. Pain is the suffering that encompasses all of a person’s physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and practical struggles. Nursing aims at promoting health and caring for the sick. Evidence based practice incorporates the use of the most relevant evidence coming from nurses and health care professionals, used on patient care decisions. Complementary alternative therapy integration to nursing has been linked to nursing competency and promotion of patient advocacy. Complementary alternative therapy methods have also been used in the reduction of pain, however, more initiatives, research and integration are needed. The purpose of this study was to describe practices from complementary alternative therapy methods used in persons receiving palliative care to alleviate pain. Focusing on acupuncture, hypnosis and massage therapies. A literature review of sixteen articles was carried out. Articles which met the inclusion criteria and were relevant to the literature review’s aim were retrieved from CINAHL and PubMed databases. Fourteen articles were retrieved from the databases and two articles were found using a manual search. A systematic process of reviewing each article, thoroughly examining them as to analyze the method and results was undertaken. Results were categorized in relation to pain effectives of complementary alternative therapies namely acupuncture hypnosis and massage. During acupuncture oncological pain, lumbar pain and chronic postoperative pain was reduced and an improvement in the control of the symptoms was observed, however, the reduction was transient. Post hypnotically there was significant pain reduction for diverse kinds of pain and patient groups. Such pain reduction had a lasting effect over time. Hypnosis treatment and medication interaction was not significant. Massage showed sizeable degree improvement across different pain levels, low, moderate, high, for a diverse group of patients of different age groups with greater pain intensity decrease to patients with cancer and chronic pain. The effects of massage on pain were sustained for a few hours. In conclusion in relation to acupuncture there seems to have been some pain reduction, however, transient. Hypnosis in most cases has showed long lasting pain reduction results up to the point of analgesia for diverse kinds of pain and patient groups. Massage seemed to have had immediate pain reduction effects but mediocrely lasting. Results are promising, however, current literature is scarce. Further research alongside with implementation of current and future evidence into proper practice is suggested.
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Grahek, Myranda. "Agreement Between Self and Other Ratings in Multi-Rater Tools: Performance, Alternative Measures, and Importance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9102/.

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Multi-rater tools also referred to as 360-degree feedback tools, are frequently used in addition to traditional supervisory appraisals due to sources (i.e., supervisor, peer, direct report) unique perspectives and opportunities to view different aspects of job performance. Research has found that the differences among sources are most prevalent between self and other ratings, and the direction of agreement is related to overall job performance. Research has typically focused on one form of agreement, the direction of an individual's self-ratings compared to others' ratings. The current study expanded on past research on rater agreement using a data set (n = 215) consisting of multi-rater data for professionals participating in a leadership development process. The study examined the ability to predict job performance with three different measures of self-other agreement (i.e., difference between overall mean scores (difference), mean absolute difference across items (difference), and mean correlation across items (similarity)). The study also examined how the relationships may differ across performance dimensions. The final purpose was to explore how the importance of the performance dimensions, as rated by the participant, may moderate the relationship between self-other agreement and job performance. Partial support for study's hypotheses was found. The direction and difference measures of agreement on the overall multi-rater tool and performance dimensions accounted for a significant amount of the variance in job performance. The relationship between the similarity measure of agreement and job performance, and the moderating effect of importance were not supported in the current study.
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Achuo, George. "Partner satisfaction and renewal likelihood in consumer supported agriculture (CSA) : a case study of The Equiterre CSA network." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19555.

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Rebernig, Carolin Anna. "Reviewing the review process : Investigation of researchers' opinions on different methods of peer review." Thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14607.

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Peer review is considered the gold standard of scientific publishing. Trust in the traditional system of editor – blind-reviewer – author is still high, but it’s authority is in decline and alternative methods are on the rise. The current study investigates opinions of alternative peer review methods, the arguments for and against, and the reasons why academics are searching for new approaches. The opinions were analysed by applying qualitative content analysis to online discussions. The findings were interpreted using two different sociological theories: the Mertonian sociology of science and social constructivism. The results of the study show that the most discussed method was also the most traditional one: closed pre-publication peer review comprised of single blind, double-blind and open peer review (non blinded). Discussions of open peer review (both open publishing of reports and open discussions) were also common. All other alternative methods were discussed much less. But the discussions were lively and each method was discussed in both positive and negative terms. The reasons for preferring certain methods were also manifold, but dominant topics were bias and fairness, quality issues (regarding reviews and publications), issues concerning human resources and communication and exchange among people. The results of this study demonstrate that while ethical norms seems to be a scientific ideal, human nature makes it impossible to accomplish this goal.
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Stratford, Vanessa. "Comparing teaching through play and peer-teaching for children with ADHD in the South African classroom." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27490.

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1 online resource (xii, 171 leaves) : illustrations (chiefly color), color graphs<br>ADHD negatively impacts academic performance, and the traditional classroom setting conflicts with the symptoms of ADHD. This research examined the potential of teaching through play and peer-teaching as alternative teaching methods to improve the mathematical performance of Grade 1 children with symptoms of ADHD; by answering, would adapting teaching methods to include teaching through play and/or peer-teaching, in the South African classroom, improve the mathematical performance of children with symptoms of ADHD? A pre-test-post-test control group design was employed in this comparative experimental study. Participants were purposively selected then randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups. An eight-week intervention was implemented as teaching through play or peer-teaching. Pre-test and post-test scores were analysed using a dependent t-test, a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and a Kruskal Wallis test. Teaching through play and peer-teaching have the potential to improve the mathematical performance of Grade 1 children with symptoms of ADHD. Special precautions were taken in the process of minor research participants, adhering to the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy.<br>Psychology<br>M. Sc. (Psychology (Research Consultation))
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Books on the topic "Alternative peer review methods"

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American Psychiatric Association. Committee on Peer Review. Manual of psychiatric peer review. 3rd ed. American Psychiatric Association, 1985.

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Vicki, George, ed. Peer review in nursing: Principles for successful practice. Jones and Bartlett, 2011.

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F, Rosen Ellen, ed. The gatekeepers of psychology: Evaluation of peer review by case history. Praeger, 1993.

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Medical staff peer review: A strategy for motivation and performance. American Hospital Pub., 1991.

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Hames, Irene. Peer Review and Manuscript Management in Scientific Journals. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007.

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Lang, Daniel A. Medical staff peer review: Motivation and performance in the era of managed care. AHA Pres ; co-published with the American College of Physician Executives, 1999.

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Daigle, Patrick W. Financial aspects of alternative harvest cutting methods and silviculture treatments: A literature review. Forestry Canada, 1993.

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MHSA, Smith Marla, ed. Nursing peer review: A practical approach to promoting professional nursing accountability. HCPro, 2008.

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Harrington, Laura Cook. Nursing peer review: A practical approach to promoting professional nursing accountability. HCPro, 2008.

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Peer supervision groups: How they work and why you need one. Jason Aronson, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alternative peer review methods"

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Bozeman, Barry. "Peer Review and Evaluation of R&D Impacts." In Evaluating R&D Impacts: Methods and Practice. Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5182-6_5.

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Nickisch, S., C. Nockemann, G. R. Tillack, J. Murphy, and D. Sturges. "Alternative Approaches to the Validation of Nondestructive Testing Methods." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5947-4_266.

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Lee, Cheng-Few, Hong-Yi Chen, and John Lee. "Alternative Methods to Estimate Implied Variance: Review and Comparison." In Financial Econometrics, Mathematics and Statistics. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9429-8_18.

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Doran, Christopher, Dennis Chang, Hosen Kiat, and Alan Bensoussan. "Review of economic methods used in complementary and alternative medicine." In Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine. Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26559-3_29.

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Bardi, Alessia, Vittore Casarosa, and Paolo Manghi. "The European Project OpenUP: OPENing UP New Methods, Indicators and Tools for Peer Review, Impact Measurement and Dissemination of Research Results." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73165-0_24.

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Sadok, Walid, Frédérique Angevin, Jacques-Éric Bergez, et al. "Ex ante Assessment of the Sustainability of Alternative Cropping Systems: Implications for Using Multi-criteria Decision-Aid Methods - A Review." In Sustainable Agriculture. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_46.

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Ricci, Angela, Silvia Sabbadini, Laura Miozzi, Bruno Mezzetti, and Emanuela Noris. "Host-induced gene silencing and spray-induced gene silencing for crop protection against viruses." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0072.

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Abstract Since the beginning of agriculture, plant virus diseases have been a strong challenge for farming. Following its discovery at the very beginning of the 1990s, the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism has been widely studied and exploited as an integrative tool to obtain resistance to viruses in several plant species, with high target-sequence specificity. In this chapter, we describe and review the major aspects of host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), as one of the possible plant defence methods, using genetic engineering techniques. In particular, we focus our attention on the use of RNAi-based gene constructs to introduce stable resistance in host plants against viral diseases, by triggering post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Recently, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), consisting of the topical application of small RNA molecules to plants, has been explored as an alternative tool to the stable integration of RNAi-based gene constructs in plants. SIGS has great and innovative potential for crop defence against different plant pathogens and pests and is expected to raise less public and political concern, as it does not alter the genetic structure of the plant.
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Ricci, Angela, Silvia Sabbadini, Laura Miozzi, Bruno Mezzetti, and Emanuela Noris. "Host-induced gene silencing and spray-induced gene silencing for crop protection against viruses." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0008.

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Abstract Since the beginning of agriculture, plant virus diseases have been a strong challenge for farming. Following its discovery at the very beginning of the 1990s, the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism has been widely studied and exploited as an integrative tool to obtain resistance to viruses in several plant species, with high target-sequence specificity. In this chapter, we describe and review the major aspects of host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), as one of the possible plant defence methods, using genetic engineering techniques. In particular, we focus our attention on the use of RNAi-based gene constructs to introduce stable resistance in host plants against viral diseases, by triggering post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Recently, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), consisting of the topical application of small RNA molecules to plants, has been explored as an alternative tool to the stable integration of RNAi-based gene constructs in plants. SIGS has great and innovative potential for crop defence against different plant pathogens and pests and is expected to raise less public and political concern, as it does not alter the genetic structure of the plant.
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Yanda, Pius Z., Edmund B. Mabhuye, Anselm R. Mwajombe, and Namkunda Johnson. "Community livelihoods and ecosystem integrity in makere forest reserve, western Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0194.

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Abstract Wealth creation and poverty alleviation processes in the forest-bounded areas entail the use of such forests to a greater extent. Studies elsewhere show that there is often a tendency to use such forests until they are depleted before technology comes in to improve livelihoods. In this chapter, we examine community livelihoods in relation to ecosystem integrity for communities surrounding the Makere Forest Reserve, particularly socio-economic characteristics of communities, their links to forest utilization and implications for ecosystem integrity. We used mixed methods to collect data: (i) a household questionnaire; (ii) focus group discussions; (iii) key informant interviews; and (iv) a literature review, backed up with satellite imagery. Quantitative and qualitative data collected were subjected to statistical and non-statistical tests, respectively, with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software for quantitative data analysis. Livelihood activities in the area include shifting cultivation, livestock keeping, firewood fetching, charcoal making, harvesting timber and illegal logging. The motive for such forest exploitation is both for meeting household needs as well as for wealth accumulation. Forest users take part in such activities regardless of the distance they have to travel from their villages to come to the forest areas. We found education is an integral part of wealth status, but had nothing to do in terms of improving livelihood activities for ecosystem integrity. The absence of livelihood diversification of farm-related activities penetrates into weak forest governance strategies resulting in proliferation of deforestation and forest degradation. To maintain forest integrity, integrated approaches in forest management and alternative livelihood activities are needed such as beekeeping, fishing and modernized livestock keeping. These activities have the potential to increase household food and income and alleviate poverty levels without compromising ecosystem integrity.
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Jones, James G., and Stephen C. Bronack. "Rethinking Cognition, Representations, and Processes in 3D Online Social Learning Environments." In Digital Literacy. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-798-0.ch010.

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Three-dimensional (3D) online social environments have emerged as viable alternatives to traditional methods of creating spaces for teachers and learners to teach to and to learn from one another. Robust environments with a bias toward peer-based, network-driven learning allow learners in formal environments to make meaning in ways more similar to those used in informal and in-person settings. These new created environments do so by accounting for presence, immediacy, movement, artifacts, and multi-modal communications in ways that help learners create their own paths of knowing using peer-supported methods. In this chapter, we will review the basics of the technologies and the theoretical underpinnings that support the development of such environments, provide a framework for creating, sustaining, and considering the effectiveness of such environments, and will conclude by describing two examples of 3D virtual worlds used to support course instruction at the university level.
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Conference papers on the topic "Alternative peer review methods"

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Smith, Arthur R., Joseph Klosek, James C. Sorensen, and Donald W. Woodward. "Air Separation Unit Integration for Alternative Fuel Projects." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-063.

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Alternative fuel projects often require substantial amounts of oxygen. World scale gas-to-liquids (GTL) processes based on the partial oxidation of natural gas, followed by Fischer-Tropsch chemistry and product upgrading, may require in excess of 10,000 tons per day of pressurized oxygen. The remote location of many of these proposed projects and the availability of low-cost natural gas and byproduct steam from the GTL process disadvantages the use of traditional, motor-driven air separation units in favor of steam or gas turbine drive facilities. Another process of current interest is the partial oxidation of waste materials in industrial areas to generate synthesis gas. Synthesis gas may be processed into fuels and chemicals, or combusted in gas turbines to produce electricity. A key to the economic viability of such oxygen-based processes is cost effective air separation units, and the manner in which they are integrated with the rest of the facility. Because the trade-off between capital and energy is different for the remote gas and the industrial locations, the optimum integration schemes can also differ significantly. This paper examines various methods of integrating unit operations to improve the economics of alternative fuel facilities. Integration concepts include heat recovery, as well as several uses of byproduct nitrogen to enhance gas turbine operation or power production. Start-up, control and operational aspects are presented to complete the review of integrated designs.
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Deacon, Steven, Ioana Pisica, and Gareth Taylor. "A Brief Review of Methods to Simulate Peer-to-Peer Trading in Electricity Networks." In 2020 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upec49904.2020.9209779.

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Krouglov, Alex. "Some Aspects Of Student Engagement In Formative In-Class Peer Review." In Topical Issues of Linguistics and Teaching Methods in Business and Professional Communication. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.02.2.

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Prazina, Irfan, and Vensada Okanovic. "Methods for Double-Blind Peer Review and Grade Prediction of Student Software Projects." In 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro.2019.8757122.

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Lander, Herbert R., and Henry E. Reif. "The Production of Jet Fuel From Alternate Sources." In ASME 1985 Beijing International Gas Turbine Symposium and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-igt-67.

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The most significant potential source of aviation gas turbine fuels in the continental United States of America is the western oil shale located in the Rocky Mountain States of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Nearly 600 billion barrels of recoverable oil is located in this area. This paper discusses the availability of oil shale and reviews the recovery, upgrading and refining schemes necessary to produce fuel which can be used in present-day aircraft. Other synthetic fuels are discussed with regard to the processing necessary to produce suitable fuels for today’s high performance aircraft. Heavy oil and tar sand bitumen are likely to be refined in the next decade. Methods for producing suitable fuels are discussed. The chemical structure of these sources, which is basically cyclic, leads to the potential of heavier fuels with more energy per given volume and therefore longer range for certain aircraft. This exciting possibility is reviewed.
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Lalanne, Bruno, and Michel Rebelle. "A Review of Alternative Methods to Classify Rock-Types from Capillary Pressure Measurements." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-17631-ms.

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Elders, I. M., P. J. Norman, C. D. Booth, S. J. Galloway, G. M. Burt, and J. R. McDonald. "A Review of Alternative Electrical Power Distribution Methods for Future Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." In Power Systems Conference. SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2925.

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Lalanne, B., and M. Rebelle. "A Review of Alternative Methods to Classify Rock-Types from Capillary Pressure Measurements." In IPTC 2014: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.395.iptc-17631-ms.

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Cheng, Liying, Lidong Bing, Qian Yu, Wei Lu, and Luo Si. "APE: Argument Pair Extraction from Peer Review and Rebuttal via Multi-task Learning." In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.569.

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Sharma, Sanjay, and Dennis A. Siginer. "Permeability Measurement Methods in Porous Media: A Review." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68543.

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Accurate measurement of Permeability is critical for fluid flow modeling in porous media. Various experimental methods have been devised that measure permeability as a porous material property. These experiments are based most commonly on Darcy’s law. Liquid flow and gas flow methods of permeability measurement for in-plane and transverse directions are detailed. Issues related to these methods are discussed. Some associated permeability models are discussed. Alternative methods of permeability determination based on cross transport phenomenon are presented.
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Reports on the topic "Alternative peer review methods"

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Schwieger, Alexandra, Kaelee Shrewsbury, and Paul Shaver. Dexmedetomidine vs Fentanyl in Attenuating the Sympathetic Surge During Endotracheal Intubation: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0007.

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Purpose/Background Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation after induction of anesthesia can cause a reflex sympathetic surge of catecholamines caused by airway stimulation. This may cause hypertension, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. This reflex can be detrimental in patients with poor cardiac reserve and can be poorly tolerated and lead to adverse events such as myocardial ischemia. Fentanyl, a potent opioid, with a rapid onset and short duration of action is given during induction to block the sympathetic response. With a rise in the opioid crisis and finding ways to change the practice in medicine to use less opioids, dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, can decrease the release of norepinephrine, has analgesic properties, and can lower the heart rate. Methods In this scoping review, studies published between 2009 and 2021 that compared fentanyl and dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation of surgical patients over the age of 18 were included. Full text, peer-reviewed studies in English were included with no limit on country of study. The outcomes included post-operative reviews of decrease in pain medication usage and hemodynamic stability. Studies that were included focused on hemodynamic variables such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and use of opioids post-surgery. Result Of 2,114 results from our search, 10 articles were selected based on multiple eligibility criteria of age greater than 18, patients undergoing endotracheal intubation after induction of general anesthesia, and required either a dose of dexmedetomidine or fentanyl to be given prior to intubation. Dexmedetomidine was shown to effectively attenuate the sympathetic surge during intubation over fentanyl. Dexmedetomidine showed a greater reduction in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure than fentanyl, causing better hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing elective surgery.Implications for Nursing Practice Findings during this scoping review indicate that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective alternative to fentanyl during induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation in attenuating the hemodynamic response. It is also a safe choice for opioid-free anesthesia.
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Denson, R. H., R. D. Bennett, R. M. Wamsley, D. L. Bean, and D. L. Ainsworth. Recommendations to the NRC for review criteria for alternative methods of low-level radioactive waste disposal: Task 2a, Below-ground vaults. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5815849.

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Denson, R. H., R. D. Bennett, R. M. Wamsley, D. L. Bean, and D. L. Ainsworth. Recommendations to the NRC for review criteria for alternative methods of low-level radioactive waste disposal: Task 2b: Earth-mounded concrete bunkers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5587029.

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Walker, Alex, Brian MacKenna, Peter Inglesby, et al. Clinical coding of long COVID in English primary care: a federated analysis of 58 million patient records in situ using OpenSAFELY. OpenSAFELY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53764/rpt.3917ab5ac5.

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This OpenSAFELY report is a routine update of our peer-review paper published in the British Journal of General Practice on the Clinical coding of long COVID in English primary care: a federated analysis of 58 million patient records in situ using OpenSAFELY. It is a routine update of the analysis described in the paper. The data requires careful interpretation and there are a number of caveats. Please read the full detail about our methods and discussionis and the full analytical methods on this routine report are available on GitHub. OpenSAFELY is a new secure analytics platform for electronic patient records built on behalf of NHS England to deliver urgent academic and operational research during the pandemic. You can read more about OpenSAFELY on our website.
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Johnson, Corey, Colton James, Sarah Traughber, and Charles Walker. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Implications in Neostigmine versus Sugammadex. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0005.

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Purpose/Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complaint in the postoperative period, which can delay discharge, result in readmission, and increase cost for patients and facilities. Inducing paralysis is common in anesthesia, as is utilizing the drugs neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Many studies are available that compare these two drugs to determine if neostigmine increases the risk of PONV over sugammadex. Sugammadex has a more favorable pharmacologic profile and may improve patient outcomes by reducing PONV. Methods: This review included screening a total of 39 studies and peer-reviewed articles that looked at patients undergoing general anesthesia who received non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers requiring either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal, along with their respective PONV rates. 8 articles were included, while 31 articles were removed based on our exclusion criteria. These were published between 2014 and 2020 exclusively. The key words used were “neostigmine”, “sugammadex”, “PONV”, along with combinations “paralytic reversal agents and PONV”. This search was performed on the scholarly database MEDLINE. The data items were PONV rates in neostigmine group, PONV rates in sugammadex group, incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in neostigmine group, and incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in sugammadex group. Results: Despite numerical differences being noted in the incidence of PONV with sugammadex over reversal with neostigmine, there did not appear to be any statistically significant data in the multiple peer-reviewed trials included in our review, for not one of the 8 studies concluded that there was a higher incidence of PONV in one drug or the other of an y clinical relevance. Although the side-effect profile tended to be better in the sugammadex group than neostigmine in areas other than PONV, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that one drug was superior to the other in causing a direct reduction of PONV. Implications for Nursing Practice: There were variable but slight differences noted between both drug groups in PONV rates, but it remained that none of the studies determined it was statically significant or clinically conclusive. This review did, however, note other advantages to sugammadex over neostigmine, including its pharmacologic profile of more efficiently reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and its more favorable pharmacokinetics. This lack of statistically significant evidence found within these studies consequentially does not support pharmacologic decision-making of one drug in favor of the other for reducing PONV; therefore, PONV alone is not a sufficient rationale for a provider to justify using one reversal over another at the current time until further research proves otherwise.
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Acred, Aleksander, Milena Devineni, and Lindsey Blake. Opioid Free Anesthesia to Prevent Post Operative Nausea/Vomiting. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in opioid-utilizing and opioid-free general anesthesia. Background PONV is an extremely common, potentially dangerous side effect of general anesthesia. PONV is caused by a collection of anesthetic and surgical interventions. Current practice to prevent PONV is to use 1-2 antiemetics during surgery, identify high risk patients and utilize tracheal intubation over laryngeal airways when indicated. Current research suggests minimizing the use of volatile anesthetics and opioids can reduce the incidence of PONV, but this does not reflect current practice. Methods In this scoping review, the MeSH search terms used to collect data were “anesthesia”, “postoperative nausea and vomiting”, “morbidity”, “retrospective studies”, “anesthesia, general”, “analgesics, opioid”, “pain postoperative”, “pain management” and “anesthesia, intravenous”. The Discovery Search engine, AccessMedicine and UpToDate were the search engines used to research this data. Filters were applied to these searches to ensure all the literature was peer-reviewed, full-text and preferably from academic journals. Results Opioid free anesthesia was found to decrease PONV by 69%. PONV incidence was overwhelming decreased with opioid free anesthesia in every study that was reviewed. Implications The future direction of opioid-free anesthesia and PONV prevention are broad topics to discuss, due to the nature of anesthesia. Administration of TIVA, esmolol and ketamine, as well as the decision to withhold opioids, are solely up to the anesthesia provider’s discretion. Increasing research and education in the importance of opioid-free anesthesia to decrease the incidence of PONV will be necessary to ensure anesthesia providers choose this protocol in their practice.
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Mobley, Erin M., Diana J. Moke, Joel Milam, et al. Disparities and Barriers to Pediatric Cancer Survivorship Care. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb39.

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Objectives. Survival rates for pediatric cancer have dramatically increased since the 1970s, and the population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) exceeds 500,000 in the United States. Cancer during childhood and related treatments lead to long-term health problems, many of which are poorly understood. These problems can be amplified by suboptimal survivorship care. This report provides an overview of the existing evidence and forthcoming research relevant to disparities and barriers for pediatric cancer survivorship care, outlines pending questions, and offers guidance for future research. Data sources. This Technical Brief reviews published peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and Key Informant interviews to answer five Guiding Questions regarding disparities in the care of pediatric survivors, barriers to cancer survivorship care, proposed strategies, evaluated interventions, and future directions. Review methods. We searched research databases, research registries, and published reviews for ongoing and published studies in CCS to October 2020. We used the authors’ definition of CCS; where not specified, CCS included those diagnosed with any cancer prior to age 21. The grey literature search included relevant professional and nonprofit organizational websites and guideline clearinghouses. Key Informants provided content expertise regarding published and ongoing research, and recommended approaches to fill identified gaps. Results. In total, 110 studies met inclusion criteria. We identified 26 studies that assessed disparities in survivorship care for CCS. Key Informants discussed subgroups of CCS by race or ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage that may experience disparities in survivorship care, and these were supported in the published literature. Key Informants indicated that major barriers to care are providers (e.g., insufficient knowledge), the health system (e.g., availability of services), and payers (e.g., network adequacy); we identified 47 studies that assessed a large range of barriers to survivorship care. Sixteen organizations have outlined strategies to address pediatric survivorship care. Our searches identified only 27 published studies that evaluated interventions to alleviate disparities and reduce barriers to care. These predominantly assessed approaches that targeted patients. We found only eight ongoing studies that evaluated strategies to address disparities and barriers. Conclusions. While research has addressed disparities and barriers to survivorship care for childhood cancer survivors, evidence-based interventions to address these disparities and barriers to care are sparse. Additional research is also needed to examine less frequently studied disparities and barriers and to evaluate ameliorative strategies in order to improve the survivorship care for CCS.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Final recommendations of the Peer Review Panel on the use of seismic methods for characterizing Yucca Mountain and vicinity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145236.

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An external peer review of the U.S. Department of Energy`s assessment of ``damages and benefits of the fuel cycles: Estimation methods, impacts, and values``. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179613.

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