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Journal articles on the topic 'Alternative refrigerant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Wang, Hong Li, Xiu Juan Hou, and Jing Rui Tian. "Analysis of Refrigerants Properties and Alternative." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2438.

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With the question of Ozone Depression Potential and Global Warming Potential popping out day by day, the Freon refrigerant alternative has become one of the current research contents of refrigerant. Based on the given Freon refrigerant R22, R134a and natural refrigerant CO2, the differences of their properties were compared, and the relevant alternative refrigerants conducted an investigation. The results show that the natural refrigerant CO2instead of Freon refrigerant has good application prospects; it provides basic data to develop new products, which enhance the COP of air conditioner and

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2

Huang, Shengzhong, Hui Zhang, and Conghui Li. "Research Progress and Prospects of Refrigerant Replacement Under the Background of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction: A Visualization Analysis of the CiteSpace Map." Sustainability 17, no. 5 (2025): 2199. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052199.

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As global environmental consciousness continues to expand, the issue of refrigerant alternatives has increasingly become a focal point for scholarly attention. Using CiteSpace visualization technology, a comprehensive and innovative research framework for refrigerant alternatives has been developed. This framework systematically organizes and analyzes not only the volume of publications related to refrigerant alternatives but also the collaborative relationships among authors and research institutions. By employing keyword co-occurrence maps, clustering diagrams, and timeline charts, an in-dep

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3

Piyanut Saengsikhiao and Juntakan Taweekun. "Investigation and Analysis of R438A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R22 with Lower Global Warming Potential." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 95, no. 1 (2022): 164–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.95.1.164187.

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This research presents the R438A refrigerant that non-flammable refrigerant and develop for retrofit to R404A. The hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbon (HFCs/HCs) R463A (GWP=2,265) was zeotropic mixture of R125 (45%), R134a (44.2%), R32 (8.5%), R600 (1.7%) and R600a (0.6%). The R463A refrigerants is no frame propagation class A1 and lower toxicity and used polyol ester oil (POE). The results will investigation and analysis of the environmentally friendly refrigerant for R22 replacement. All refrigerant properties in this research were based on results from the REFPROP and CYCLE_D-HX software of NIST

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4

Khalid Shaker Al-Sayyab, Ali. "Optimum Refrigerant Charge of Refrigerator Working with Alternative Refrigerants for R12 (R134a, R600a and R290)." Basrah journal for engineering science 14, no. 2 (2014): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.14.2.16.

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This study presents the impacts of suitable refrigerant charge to test the performance of laboratory refrigerator rig for using three refrigerants of (R134a, R600a and R290) instead of R12 .The coefficient of performance and maximum consumption amperes are taken as function to evaluate the optimum charge of these refrigerants. The results imply that the over refrigerant charge will reduce the system performance. Compared the optimum refrigerant charge of R600a is (45g), R290 is (70 g) and R134a is (60g), instead of R12. The results show that the refrigerator with R134a gives lowest capacity re

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Vali Shaik, Sharmas, and TP Ashok Babu. "Theoretical energy performance assessment and environmental impact of various new ozone-friendly refrigerants used in residential air conditioners." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 234, no. 4 (2020): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408920928260.

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This study focuses on energy performance investigation and environmental impact analysis of various new ecofriendly refrigerant blends as alternatives to high global warming potential refrigerant R22 theoretically. In this study, 23 refrigerants were considered at various composition. The present work considered the practical vapour compression refrigeration cycle for the performance assessment of various R22 alternatives. Essential studies such as toxicity, flammability, and total equivalent warming index of various novel refrigerants were also conducted in this study. Results obtained from p

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6

بوزيد, عبد المنصف عبد الله, فتح ألله حمد بكار та عبد القادر عبد الدائم الكريمي. "تحليل مقاييس لدورة تبريد ضغط البخار باستخدام وبدون استخدام المبادل الحراري بواسطة موائع التبريد البديلة". International Science and Technology Journal 34, № 1 (2024): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.62341/afav3284.

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One of the most commonly refrigeration systems is the vapor compression refrigeration system. Since energy saving and environmental friendliness remain a challenge, researchers are working hard to find an effective solution to improve the performance of vapor compression refrigeration systems while committing to environmental standards. The main goal of this paper is to identify the best and closest alternative refrigerant to R22 among the alternative cooling fluids taken into consideration in terms of thermodynamic and mechanical properties, environmental protection, and safety of handling. T

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Górny, Kasper, Arkadiusz Stachowiak, Przemysław Tyczewski, and Wiesław Zwierzycki. "Mixtures of Lubricants and Ecological Refrigerants under Starved Lubrication Conditions." Materials 15, no. 21 (2022): 7747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217747.

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The presented results show that the presence of refrigerant significantly deteriorates the lubricating properties of compressor oil under starved lubrication conditions (with a small amount of oil). The change can be 40–120% compared to the properties of the oil alone. Additionally, in the group of oils that are substitutes (operational alternatives) compatible with a given refrigerant, the effect of the refrigerant on the lubricating properties varies. The differences can be as much as 25%. In order to evaluate and properly select compressor oils for the refrigerant, the lubricating propertie

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8

Rilwan, Omogbolahan Anjorin*1 Sheyin Israel Amos2 &. Sunday Kanshio3. "EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANT FOR A 255000 KCAL/HR, 130KW VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR PROPYLENE PURIFICATION PROCESS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 7 (2018): 48–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1305832.

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Common refrigerants such as CFCs and HCFCs have unfavorable environmental impacts and this has brought about concerns and regulations prohibiting their production and use as refrigerants by the year 2030. The 255000 kCal/h, 130 kW capacity refrigerating system uses R-22 refrigerant which is of the HCFCs’ family, hence, the need for alternative refrigerant because of the negative environmental impacts of this family of refrigerants. Natural refrigerants such as hydrocarbons and their mix in various ratios are currently being investigated to replace CFC and HCFC based solvents. In this stu

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Subir, Lucianus Handri Gunanto, Bustani, Rizky Aprylianto Susilo, and Agustono. "ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA AIR CONDITIONING (AC) SPLIT 2 PAARDE KRACHT (PK) MENGGUNAKAN REFRIGERANT 22 DENGAN MUSICOOL 22 TERHADAP KONSUMSI LISTRIK." J-ENSITEC 11, no. 01 (2024): 10137–46. https://doi.org/10.31949/jensitec.v11i01.11869.

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The total use of electrical energy in a building or structure, one of them is the use of an air conditioning (AC) system. There are still many uses of air conditioning (AC) systems based on halocarbon refrigerants (R-22) in a building or structure. Refrigerant 22 is a type of halocarbon refrigerant that is widely used in Split ACs. The author conducted research on an LG 2 PK AC by replacing the refrigerant which was still based on Refrigerant 22 with the hydrocarbon refrigerant Musicool 22, then the data results were analyzed to determine the performance of the AC. From the results of the refr

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Bae, Yu Jin, Sung Joon Hong, Hee Wook Cho, Byoung Kwon Hong, Jin Young Yoo, and Nak Sup Sung. "Comparative LCA on Alternative Refrigerants : R-744, HFO-1234yf." Korean Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10, no. 1 (2009): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.62765/kjlca.2009.10.1.7.

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Comparative environmental evaluation for possible alternative refrigerants (R-744, HFO-1234yf) is performed using by LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) which is one of the most famous tools. Based on ISO 14040 series, LCA is performed through the production, use, and disposal stage of each air conditioner system, and the result would be shown which refrigerant is more environment friendly. The environmental profile of all the refrigerant will be used for decision supporting information.

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ALKAN, Alpaslan. "Theoretical comparison analysis of R134a, R1234yf, R452A and R454C refrigerants used in automobile, trailer and commercial and industrial cooling systems." European Mechanical Science 8, no. 1 (2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.1437841.

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The increasing environmental disasters in recent years are caused by the release of artificial substances into the environment. The majority of artificial-containing emissions originate from petrochemical products. It also contributes to artificially containing refrigerants used in cooling systems. Artificial refrigerants have contributed greatly to the depletion of the ozone layer and subsequently to global warming. Research on new refrigerants as an alternative to refrigerants that contribute to every environmental disaster is of great importance. In this study, theoretical performance compa

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Bernat, Tomasz, and Krzysztof Bieńczak. "R455A Refrigerant as a Prospective Working Fluid in Refrigeration Systems for Gastronomy Furnishings." Energies 17, no. 10 (2024): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102361.

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The general development of technology and universal access means that gastronomy furnishings can be found in every corner of the world. Therefore, it is important to develop these devices and the machines that constitute them. We are talking about refrigeration systems located inside gastronomy furnishings. The R404A refrigerant, popular in recent years, is being withdrawn from use due to its harmful impact on the environment. Modern synthetic refrigerants or natural refrigerants can be used as alternative substances. In modern solutions, it is expected that devices and all cooperating element

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13

Landage, Ajay. "Modeling and Simulation of Heat Pump Air-Conditioning System using Ecofriendly Refrigerants." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 1166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35145.

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A simulation approach to heat pump systems is proposed in this paper. The evaluation of working fluids is conducted. Moreover, the selected refrigerants are used in the simulation. Subsequently, the system is analyzed in terms of the coefficient of performance (COP) and energy efficiency. Some alternative refrigerants, instead of R22 used R290 refrigerent. It is described the selection of refrigerants adapted to each utilization, based on the thermodynamic and -physical properties, the technological behaviour, costs and use constraints as principal aspects of the environmental protection. Also

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Nguyen, Van Vu, Szabolcs Varga, and Vaclav Dvorak. "HFO1234ze(e) As an Alternative Refrigerant for Ejector Cooling Technology." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214045.

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The paper presented a mathematical assessment of selected refrigerants for the ejector cooling purpose. R1234ze(e) and R1234yf are the well-known refrigerants of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), the fourth-generation halocarbon refrigerants. Nature working fluids, R600a and R290, and third-generation refrigerant of halocarbon (hydrofluorocarbon, HFC), R32 and R152a, were selected in the assessment. A detail mathematical model of the ejector, as well as other components of the cycle, was built. The results showed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of R1234ze(e) was significantly higher than R6

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Karthik, Ganapathi, A. Parthiban, C. Sasikumar, and B. Radha Krishnan. "Experimental investigation on split type window Air conditioner using HFC and HC mixture as ecofriendly refrigerant alternate to HCFC-22." E3S Web of Conferences 399 (2023): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339906004.

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This paper reports on an experimental study evaluating a window air conditioner's performance when R152a/R290/R600/R600a refrigerant mixture (by various mass percentages) is used as a possible alternative to R-22. Alternative refrigerants are local, cheap, and environmentally friendly. Unmodified R-22 window AC was charged with R152a/R290/R600/R600a. During the experiment, parameters such as coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect, pressure ratio, compressor discharge temperature, refrigerant mass flow rate, and compressor power are analyzed. The present work shows that R152a-15%/R290

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Siddiqui, M. U., Amro Owes, F. G. Al-Amri, and Farooq Saeed. "Recent Developments in the Search for Alternative Low-Global-Warming-Potential Refrigerants: A Review." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 28, no. 03 (2020): 2030004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132520300049.

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Conventionally, the CFC-type refrigerants were used until Montreal Protocol which stated that CFC refrigerants cause ozone depletion and should be replaced with alternative refrigerants. The alternative refrigerants are safe for ozone but they have comparatively high flammability, toxicity and global warming potential. Thus they need careful handling. In Kyoto Protocol, it was stated that the currently used refrigerants with high global warming potential need to be replaced with yet other alternative refrigerants with low global warming potential. This paper comprehensively reviews those recen

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Pandey, Sumit Kumar, and Dr Arun Kumar. "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PERFORMANCE OF NANO REFRIGERANTS USED IN MULTI-EVAPORATOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEM." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (2024): 010270(1–17). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-01-e01393.

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Environmental concern is the major issue faced in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The performance of a refrigeration system can be altered through altering the system or changing the properties of working fluids such as refrigerants. Traditionally, CFC is widely used as a refrigerant in refrigeration systems. But this CFC refrigerant has high ODP and GWP value. So, other refrigerants such as HCFC and HFC is developed as an alternative to CFC refrigerant. However, this refrigerant also haVE high GWP values. So, the researchers are focused on designing an effective-refrigerant that r

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Wolf, Martin, Adam Meier, Bridget Nyland, Sejong Youn, and Wendy Jacobs. "Institutions and Governments Can Slow Climate Change by Regulating and Reducing Halocarbon Refrigerant Use." MIT Science Policy Review 1 (August 20, 2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.38105/spr.575mrlgdjw.

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Halocarbon refrigerant emissions are the fastest-growing source of greenhouse gas emissions around the globe. The continued use of these refrigerants poses serious environmental threats. In the absence of strong federal regulation on halocarbon use, state and local governments and institutions can commit to reducing halocarbon refrigerant emissions. Here, we outline policies that governments and users of these refrigerants can adopt to minimize their emissions. These policies include cataloging and maintaining their climate control equipment and committing to alternative refrigerants with less

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Ahmed Mahmood, Raid. "Case study of liquid suction heat exchanger in a mechanical refrigeration system using alternative refrigerants." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 3 (2020): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i3.30777.

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This paper investigates the effect of adding a liquid-suction heat exchanger on the performance of a mechanical refrigeration system using alternative refrigerants. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) was used to simulate a mechanical refrigeration system in two configurations: modified system with liquid-suction heat exchanger and system without liquid-suction heat exchanger. The results revealed that the liquid-suction heat exchanger has a significant effect on the system performance as it influences the subcooling and superheating temperatures. The results also showed that the highest value o

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Tarrad, Ali Hussain, and Ameera Yaseen Salim. "EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ASSESSMENTS FOR A PROPER REFRIGERANT ALTERNATIVE TO R-22 IN A WINDOW-TYPE AIR CONDITIONING UNIT." Journal of Engineering 15, no. 2 (2009): 3756–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2009.02.17.

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The present research is concerned with the future phase-out of halocarbon types of refrigerants used in the vapor compression refrigeration systems. A window-type air conditioner is selected for the tests to be conducted with two different refrigerants. It is well known that these cooling units are wide spread in their applications and are circulating R-22 as a refrigerant. It is intended to replace this type of refrigerant by another type which is considered to be as environmental friendly refrigerant for smooth operation. The refrigerant selected for this object was R-407C for its favorable

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Praswanto, Djoko Hari, S. Djiwo, M. Asroni, and A. Nugroho. "Effect of Hydrogen (g) Mixture with Refrigerant on the Pressure of Cooling Machine Components." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED ENGINEERING 4, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v4i1.3497.

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Refrigerant is substance or chemical composition which alternately compressed and condensed into a liquid and then expanded into vapor or gas when pumped through the cooling system. Alternative refrigerants are needed to replace full the halogenated refrigerants which are believed to contribute to ozone depletion in the atmosphere. In the last decade, many research and development of studies on the synthesis and characterization alternative refrigerants have been carried out. With replace a limited Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS) with any alternative can involve major changes in the design of

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Shaik, Sharmas Vali, and TP Ashok Babu. "Theoretical thermodynamic performance assessment of various environment-friendly novel refrigerants used in refrigeration systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 4 (2019): 914–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219884968.

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The present investigation focuses on theoretical performance of various new environment-friendly refrigerant mixtures as substitutes to high global warming potential refrigerant R22. In this investigation, 34 refrigerants were considered at various composition. In this work, both complex vapor compression cycle (actual cycle) and standard vapor compression cycle (ideal cycle) was considered for the performance assessment of refrigerants. Vital studies such as flammability, toxicity, and environmental impact of various novel refrigerants were also carried out in this study. Results obtained fro

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Tatarenko, J. V., V. M. Mizin, and N. O. Rachkovskiy. "PREDICTION OF THE USE OF REFRIGERANTS IN LOW-TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 3 (2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-3-32-42.

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Objectives Determination of prospects for the use of various refrigerants, as well as the potential for their interchangeability in low-temperature equipment in accordance with the conditions of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.Method A computer simulation of heat exchange processes based on generally accepted dependencies was carried out and data for the construction of refrigeration machine elements obtained.Results R717 and R410A are recommended for use in medium- and low-temperature machines. R32 refrigerant is used in high-temperatur

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Hasheer, Shaik Mohammad, Kolla Srinivas, and Prasad Katuru Bala. "Energy Analysis of HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf and HFC/HFO Mixtures as a Direct Substitute to HFC-134a in a Domestic Refrigerator." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 1 (2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0009.

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Abstract The Kyoto protocol emphasized the need of replacement of HFC refrigerant due to their high GWP values that causes pollution in the environment. So in this paper the refrigerants R1234yf, R152a and HFOs/HFCs mixtures of R134a/R152a/R1234yf such as ARM42 (in the ratio of 8.5/14 /77.5 by mass), ARM42a (in the ratio of 7/11/82 by mass) with a view of replacement of the refrigerant HFC-134a in a domestic refrigerator were analyzed theoretically. Volumetric cooling capacity, compressor discharge temperature, coefficient of performance, compressor energy consumption and refrigeration capacit

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Saleh, Bahaa, Ayman A. Aly, Mishal Alsehli, Ashraf Elfasakhany, and Mohamed M. Bassuoni. "Performance Analysis and Working Fluid Selection for Single and Two Stages Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycles." Processes 8, no. 9 (2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091017.

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Screening for alternative refrigerants with high energy efficiency and low environmental impacts is one of the highest challenges of the refrigeration sector. This paper investigates the performance and refrigerant screening for single and two stages vapor compression refrigeration cycles. Several pure hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, fluorinated ethers, and binary azeotropic mixtures are proposed as alternative refrigerants to substitute R22 and R134a due to their environmental impacts. The BACKONE equation of state is used to compute the thermodynamic properties of the c

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Saengsikhiao, Piyanut, Juntakan Taweekun, Kittinan Maliwan, Somchai Sae-ung, and Thanansak Theppaya. "Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential." Energies 13, no. 6 (2020): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061514.

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This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32

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Dr., B. Sachuthananthan *. T. Naresh Kumar A.Muthu Manokar. "A PERFORMANCE OF A WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER USING ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS R22 AND R290." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 10 (2016): 27–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.159208.

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In this paper, simulation studies of a one TR window air conditioner were carried out with three different mixtures of R22 and R290 M1 (50-50) %, M2 (25-75) % and M3 (75-25) %. Performance parameters like refrigerant mass flow rate, refrigerant capacity, compressor power, C.O.P, condenser inlet temperature, condenser outlet temperature, capillary tube inlet temperature and compressor shell inlet temperature were analyzed at varying conditions, evaporator temperature varied from 60C to120C and condenser temperature varied from 400C to 550C and results were analyzed. Performance parameters of R2

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Wang, Fang, Xian Ping Zhang, Feng Kun Wang, Xiao Wei Fan, and Zhi Wei Lian. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Refrigeration Cycle Performance with R125/R600a Mixtures." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1643.

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This paper deals with a thermodynamic analysis of a vapor compression refrigeration system with the new refrigerant R125/R600a blends, parameters and factors affecting the performance are investigated, and also a comparison with that of R22 is presented. Encouraging results are obtained, at a certain concentration of R125 in mixtures, the R125/R600a refrigerant blends perform better than R22 but with loss of volumetric cooling capacity in air conditioning applications. Which may provide useful information for alternative refrigerants.

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Khaleel, Mahmood H., Mohammad S. Hassan, Otabeh Al-Oran, Salwa O. Mohammed, and Sherwan Mohammed Najm. "Thermodynamic Evaluation of Low-GWP and Environmentally Friendly Alternative Refrigerants." Mechanical Engineering Research 12, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v12n1p1.

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Refrigerant systems, crucial for modern life, are increasingly important due to their environmental impact and rising energy costs, with their advancement influenced by social life evolution and widespread use in homes and buildings. A systematic search using thermodynamic models identified 48 possible ternary mixtures and 5 pure refrigerants. These combinations, based on thermodynamics, could provide energy savings, paving the way for real-world testing and definitive conclusions, not yet studied in literature. REFPROP refers to the reference fluid properties program, developed by NIST versio

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Kalambate, Saurabh P., Rajaram N. Gawade, Shailesh B. Khandekar, Dasharath D. Jadhav, and Naveed M. H. Bhatkar. "Performance Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System by Using R134a and Blend of R290 and R600a." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 2, no. 3 (2015): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v2i3.359.

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In present scenario, most of the industrial and domestic refrigerators working on vapour compression refrigeration cycle are equipped with R134a as a refrigerant. R134a is having zero ozone depletion potential, but it has high global warming potential of 1300.Hence there is need identified for alternative refrigerant to R134a. This research work is focused on performance analysis of vapour compression refrigeration system with regard to COP, refrigerating effect, compressor work for two refrigerants i.e., R134a and blend of R290 and R600a in the proportion of 60%+40% respectively as an alterna

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Dreepaul, Raj Kumar, B. S. Bhujun, and K. Busawo. "An Evaluation of R448A as R404A low GWP Alternative in a Supermarket Refrigeration Application." International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy 13, no. 2 (2024): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/sgce.13.2.45-53.

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In this paper we compare the efficacy of a supermarket refrigeration system using R404A and R488 (a mixture of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and Hydro-Fluoro-Olefin (HFO)) in tropical climate of Mauritius. More specifically, the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) model of the refrigeration system working on various refrigerants is used to assess the Coefficient of Performance (COP), leaks in the refrigeration circuit and equivalent CO2 emitted. It is demonstrated that the COP for R448 is 20% higher for low temperature application under the same working circumstances and refrigeration power. It

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Belman-Flores, Juan M., Yonathan Heredia-Aricapa, Juan J. García-Pabón, Vicente Pérez-García, and César G. Pérez-Reguera. "Drop-In Replacement of R134a in a Household Refrigerator with Low-GWP Refrigerants R513A, R516A, and R1234ze(E)." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083422.

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This study proposes the experimental evaluation of alternative refrigerants with low global warming potentials (GWPs) such as R1234ze(E), R513A, and the mixture R516A as a drop-in replacement for R134a in a domestic refrigerator with a volumetric capacity of 513 L. Initially, the optimal charge for each refrigerant was defined based on the minimum energy consumption of the refrigerator, then the thermal and energy performance of the refrigerator was evaluated. Finally, a total equivalent warming impact analysis (TEWI) was performed. The main results indicated that the optimal charge of the alt

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Życzkowski, Piotr, Marek Borowski, Rafał Łuczak, Zbigniew Kuczera, and Bogusław Ptaszyński. "Functional Equations for Calculating the Properties of Low-GWP R1234ze(E) Refrigerant." Energies 13, no. 12 (2020): 3052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123052.

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Legal requirements for the use of refrigerants increasingly restrict the use of high-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. As a result, there is a growing interest in natural refrigerants and in those belonging to the hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) class, which can be used on their own or in mixtures. One of them is the R1234ze(E) refrigerant, an alternative to the R134a refrigerant as well as being a component of numerous mixtures. The knowledge of thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants is required for the analysis and calculation of refrigeration cycles in refrigeration, air

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Shanmugasundar, G., Kamaraj Logesh, Robert Čep, and Ranendra Roy. "Evaluating Eco-Friendly Refrigerant Alternatives for Cascade Refrigeration Systems: A Thermoeconomic Analysis." Processes 11, no. 6 (2023): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061622.

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A simple vapor-compression refrigeration system becomes ineffective and inefficient as it consumes a huge energy supply when operating between large temperature differences. Moreover, the recent Kigali amendment has raised a concern about phasing out some hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants due to their impact on the environment. In this paper, a numerical investigation is carried out to compare the performance of a cascade refrigeration system with two environmentally friendly refrigerant combinations, namely, R170–R404A and R41–R404A. Refrigerant R170, from the hydrocarbon category, and refrigera

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Bruno, Frank, Martin Belusko, and Edward Halawa. "CO2 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems—A Comprehensive Review." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152959.

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An increased awareness of the impacts of synthetic refrigerants on the environment has prompted the refrigeration industry and researchers worldwide to seek better alternatives in terms of technical, economic and environmental performance. CO2 refrigerant, also known as R744, has re-emerged as a potential alternative to existing refrigerants with its zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and impressively low global warming potential (GWP). A refrigeration system utilising this refrigerant, however, suffers performance degradation when it operates in warm or hot climatic regions due to its inevi

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Velmurugan, M., M. Vivekanandan, Shareef H. Nawas, and V. Sivabalamurugan. "Performance Analysis of Thermal Adsorption Refrigeration System Using R134a." Research and Applications of Thermal Engineering 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4892258.

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<em>Adsorption cooling system is an unconventional technique of refrigeration that uses heat to drive the system. This method is employed in remote areas wherever electricity is out of stock. The system refrigerant consists of 2 key elements refrigerant and sorbent material. During this work we tend to square measure mistreatment R134a and carbon simply accessible materials as refrigerant and adsorbent. R134a has low warming potential than alternative refrigerant. The cooling system conjointly consists of surface assimilation bed, condenser, and evaporator section. During this system we tend t

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Sharif, M. Z., W. H. Azmi, M. F. Ismail, M. M. N. Awalludin, M. F. Ghazali, and A. R. M. Aminullah. "Performance analysis of automotive air conditioning systems with electric compressors using R1234yf refrigerant: Insights into power consumption, cooling capacity, and energy efficiency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1267, no. 1 (2023): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1267/1/012069.

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Abstract R1234yf, a low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant, offers a promising alternative to traditional refrigerants like R134a. This study analyzes automotive air conditioning systems (AAC) equipped with electric compressors and utilizing R1234yf refrigerant. The interrelationships between refrigerant charge, compressor speed, power consumption, cooling capacity, and energy efficiency are examined. The results show that increasing refrigerant charge and compressor speed leads to higher power consumption due to increased compressor work. However, higher refrigerant charges and compre

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Rasaili, Prithivi, and Ajaya Bhattarai. "Feasibility study of Replacing Currently used Freons with Ammonium Chloride and Barium Hydroxide for Freezing System." Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v7i1.61132.

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The machinery used to cool or freeze food uses a lot of energy. Consequently, it is necessary to lower energy use. Additionally, due to their significant global warming potential (GWP), traditional refrigerants must be replaced to help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the usage of alternative refrigerants with lower GWPs is necessary. The possibility of the ammonium chloride (NH4Cl(s)) and solid hydrated barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2.8H2O(s)) based non-freon refrigerant as a substitute refrigerant was evaluated in this study. Demo-tests were conducted using a prototype refrigerato

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Nugroho, A., A. Nurkholis, R. A. Maulana, and T. Priangkoso. "The Effect of Retrofitted Refrigerant and Environmental Temperature on the Performance of Air Conditioner: An Experimental Study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 997, no. 1 (2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/997/1/012007.

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Abstract There are several factors that influence the efforts to increase the performance of an air conditioner (AC), one of which is the selection of working fluid, environmental condition, and device components. Refrigerant is the most vital substance which determines the efficiency of the cooling machine. In addition, ambient air temperature and humidity are other important factors that affect the performance of the cooling machine. Therefore, it is extremely crucial to calculate the environmental condition, which is the air temperature, so that the cooling machine can work optimally. Curre

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Jesus, Guilherme, Martim L. Aguiar, and Pedro D. Gaspar. "Computational Tool to Support the Decision in the Selection of Alternative and/or Sustainable Refrigerants." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228497.

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There have been consequences regarding the increment of the greenhouse effect, such as the rise in the planet’s global temperature, and climate change. Refrigerants have an important contribution to the aforementioned environmental impact. In particular, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer and the increase of the greenhouse effect. Protocols, international agreements, and legislation were developed to slow down the emission of greenhouse gases. Prohibition and definition of deadlines for the gradual elimination of various refrigerants have been proposed t

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Li, Hong. "Study on Alternative Refrigerants for Direct Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.267.

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This paper reports the investigation results of the possibilities for using pure and mixed refrigerants as working fluids to replace R22 for the DX-SAHP systems. Firstly, pure refrigerants are compared in terms of COP, discharge temperature and mass flow rate. Comparison results show that R290 is the most promising alternative to R22. Secondly, two kinds of mixed refrigerants are investigated as well. It indicated that the mixed refrigerant R290/R22 with more R290 performs better than the others in terms of COP. Meanwhile, the mixed refrigerants produce relatively low discharge temperatures an

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Alamayreh, Malik I., Ali Alahmer, Mai Bani Younes, and Subhi M. Bazlamit. "Pre-Cooling Concrete System in Massive Concrete Production: Energy Analysis and Refrigerant Replacement." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031129.

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Several techniques for cooling mass concrete structures were developed in order to increase structural integrity and reduce the influence of cement hydration, which sometimes causes cracking in concrete structures, negatively affecting their durability. This research focuses on cooling system design, initial investment, and the influence of different refrigerants on cooling system performance aims in producing higher quality massive concrete. Cooling aggregates in massive concrete structures such as desert dams can be performed by employing cooled air from an air conditioning duct system or ch

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PASEK, ARI D., and ARYADI SUWONO. "APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON BASED REFRIGERANTS FOR AIR CONDITIONING IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 19, no. 04 (2011): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251100065x.

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Electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems reaches 60% to 70% of the total electric energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, saving electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems would have a significant impact on the national electrical energy consumption. Currently, the air conditioning sectors were having a dilemma on finding the alternative substitutes for CFC and HCFC refrigerants which are proven to cause destruction of the ozone layer and contribute to the effects of global warming. This paper will discuss the problems faced by an Article 5 country similar t

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Son, Yong-Jin, Jun-Won Suh, Hyeonmo Yang, et al. "Similarity model for predicting the performance of an R718 compressor." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 9 (2021): 168781402110507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211050797.

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A general compression refrigeration system consists of a compressor, condenser, pressure-reducing valve, and evaporator to induce phase changes in the refrigerant. The performance of the compression refrigeration system strongly depends on the type and characteristics of the refrigerant. However, synthetic refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbon, hydrochloro-fluorocarbon, and hydrofluorocarbon directly affect the environment as greenhouse gases and indirectly affect the environment by generating substances as they decompose. Thus, researchers have been focusing on developing refrigerants with

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Pujianto, Muhammad Edi, and Agung Nugroho. "Performance Air conditioner on retrofitted refrigerant hydrocarbon." Jurnal Polimesin 22, no. 1 (2024): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v22i1.3584.

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Synthetic refrigerants used in air conditioner (AC) are very important in depleting the ozone layer and prohibiting global warming. This has led to the application of R32 and Musicool 22 (MC22) as a substitute for R22 because refrigerant is considered more environmentally friendly. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the performance of applying both R32 and MC22 refrigerants in 1 PK split AC using the coefficient of performance (COP) as the indicator for AC performance and compressor power consumption. MC22 filling mass was varied at 90% (202.14 grams), 100% (224.6 grams), and 110% (247.

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Ghanbarpour, Morteza, Adrián Mota-Babiloni, Pavel Makhnatch, Bassam E. Badran, Jörgen Rogstam, and Rahmatollah Khodabandeh. "ANN Modeling to Analyze the R404A Replacement with the Low GWP Alternative R449A in an Indirect Supermarket Refrigeration System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311333.

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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been considered for assessing the potential of low GWP refrigerants in experimental setups. In this study, the capability of using R449A as a lower GWP replacement of R404A in different temperature levels of a supermarket refrigeration system is investigated through an ANN model trained using field measurements as input. The supermarket refrigeration was composed of two indirect expansion circuits operated at low and medium temperatures and external subcooling. The results predicted that R449A provides, on average, a higher 10% and 5% COP than R404A at lo

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Kivevele, Thomas. "Propane (HC – 290) as an Alternative Refrigerant in the Food Transport Refrigeration Sector in Southern Africa – a Review." Automotive Experiences 5, no. 1 (2022): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.5994.

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Most of the food transport trucks in Sothern Africa are equipped with refrigeration and air conditioning systems filled with fluorocarbon refrigerants such as R404A to facilitate the heat transfer process. These refrigerants are synthetic chemicals and have high potential to cause global warming and damage to the ozone layer. Currently, natural refrigerants are considered as alternatives to these man-made refrigerants to mitigate some of the environmental risks. The natural refrigerants are the substances that occur in nature such as hydrocarbons (HC), ammonia, and carbon dioxide. These type o

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Baptista, V. B. C., and G. L. Verissimo. "THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A RESIDENTIAL AIR CONDITIONING OPERATING WITH ODP FREE AND LOW GWP REFRIGERANTS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 21, no. 1 (2022): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v21i1.86684.

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Throughout the evolution of air conditioning, the fluids commonly used have also undergone through changes. Firstly, the concern was chosing a refrigerant that allows the proper operation of the equipment. In the last forty years, the focus became environmental problems caused by refrigerants when released into the atmosphere. The search for an eco-friendly refrigerant that can result in air conditioning applications with satisfactory thermodynamic efficiency is an actual and developing field. The present work performs a thermodynamic analysis of a residential air conditioning operating with a

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Muhammad, Nuriyadi. "Analisis Numerik Simulasi Kinerja Sistem Tata Udara Unitary Menggunakan Liquid-Suction Heat Exchanger dengan Refrigeran Hidrokarbon." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 2, no. 2 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v2i2.419.

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<p><em>One of the environmental issues to be addressed, particularly in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning, is the destruction of the ozone layer and the effects of global warming due to the use of environmentally inefficient refrigerants. In the field of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, refrigerant as a cooling medium, plays an important role, and until now there is still the use of refrigerant materials that are not environmentally friendly, generally synthetic refrigerant. One alternative refrigerant replacement against the synthetic refrigerant is hydrocarbon re

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YAMAMOTO, Hiroyasu, and Shigehiro UEMURA. "Development of Alternative Fluorocarbon Refrigerant." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 94, no. 869 (1991): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.94.869_329.

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