Academic literature on the topic 'Alternative reproductive strategies'

Breeding Stud Sheep shows how to establish and manage a successful sheep stud. All aspects of stud breeding are covered, including where and how to buy your sheep, selecting the right breeding stock for your stud, flock management, nutrition, disease control, lambing problems, showing sheep, promotion and marketing, and selling stud genetics. The detailed step-by-step strategies will give the reader the ability to develop alternative approaches that best suit their situation.
 It also explains how new initiatives such as performance recording, DNA testing and modern reproductive technique

“Frottage” elaborates a conceptual framework for the book. It describes how black diasporic geohistories reframe queer studies and how queer studies, in turn, reframe black diaspora studies. I identify three key terms in black diaspora studies: kinship, hybridity, and thinghood. Dominant approaches in black diaspora studies have framed the black diaspora as a search for kinship, whether biological or fictive, creating what I describe as a genealogical imperative for black diasporic intellectual and cultural production. Attempting to redress this genealogical imperative, and the racial and ethn

This chapter compares two sexual systems: hermaphroditism (each individual can produce gametes of either sex) and gonochorism (each individual produces gametes of only one of the two distinct sexes) in crustaceans. These two main sexual systems contain a variety of alternative modes of reproduction, which are of great interest from applied and theoretical perspectives. The chapter focuses on the description, prevalence, analysis, and interpretation of these sexual systems, centering on their evolutionary transitions. The ecological correlates of each reproductive system are also explored. In particular, the prevalence of “unusual” (non-gonochoristic) reproductive strategies has been identified under low population densities and in unpredictable/unstable environments, often linked to specific habitats or lifestyles (such as parasitism) and in colonizing species. Finally, population-level consequences of some sexual systems are considered, especially in terms of sex ratios. The chapter aims to provide a broad and extensive overview of the evolution, adaptation, ecological constraints, and implications of the various reproductive modes in this extraordinarily successful group of organisms.

Chapter 3 approaches reproduction from the medieval scientific perspective of two contraries coming together, with the active male spirit working upon the passive female matter. Analyzing the Second Nun’s Tale and the Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale, this chapter explores the way in which Chaucer imagined alternative strategies of conception. In the former, the Second Nun calls upon the Virgin Mary to partner her in a devotional practice of production; in the latter, the Canon and his Yeoman both attempt to create without the necessary contraries, bringing similar materials together in failed alchemical experiments that are distinguished by the queerness of their reproductive strategy. There are ways, Chaucer writes, to turn human labor into an authoritative generation, but one must partner with God in order to effect this triumph.

Employing qualitative empirical data collected in Italy and England for a doctoral research on small-scale primary food producers in the alternative food economy, this chapter provides an interpretation of the peculiar nature of the entrepreneurialism that characterizes those small-scale farmers who entrust their economic reproduction (at least partially) to short, direct supply chains and alternative food networks (AFNs). The chapter summarizes the strategies implemented by farmers to ‘go alternative' as well as the subsequent transformation of growing and business practices that such a process entails, for then comparing the researcher's empirical results with four studies on farmers' entrepreneurialism. Issues of care, trust, change-orientedness, risk-taking, lifestyle, and autonomy are discussed, and farmers' entrepreneurial spirit is found to be cautious, due to the interplay of a traditional farming business orientation, a more pronounced relational disposition, and the characteristics and requirements of the alternative economy in which farmers are embedded.

I continue to be surprised and pleased by the dramatic growth of interest in and applications of genetic algorithms (GAs) in recent years. This growth, in turn, has placed a certain amount of healthy "stress" on the field as current understanding and traditional approaches are stretched to the limit by challenging new problems and new areas of application. At the same time, other forms of evolutionary computation such as evolution strategies [50] and evolutionary programming [22], continue to mature and provide alternative views on how the process of evolution might be captured in an efficient and useful computational framework. I don't think there can be much disagreement about the fact that Holland's initial ideas for adaptive system design have played a fundamental role in the progress we have made in the past thirty years [23, 46]. So, an occasion like this is an opportunity to reflect on where the field is now, how it got there, and where it is headed. In the following sections, I will attempt to summarize the progress that has been made, and to identify critical issues that need to be addressed for continued progress in the field. The widespread availability of inexpensive digital computers in the 1960s gave rise to their increased use as a modeling and simulation tool by the scientific community. Several groups around the world including Rechenberg and Schwefel at the Technical University of Berlin [49], Fogel et al. at the University of California at Los Angeles [22], and Holland at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor [35] were captivated by the potential of taking early simulation models of evolution a step further and harnessing these evolutionary processes in computational forms that could be used for complex computer-based problem solving. In Holland's case, the motivation was the design and implementation of robust adaptive systems, capable of dealing with an uncertain and changing environment. His view emphasized the need for systems which self-adapt over time as a function of feedback obtained from interacting with the environment in which they operate. This led to an initial family of "reproductive plans" which formed the basis for what we call "simple genetic algorithms" today, as outlined in figure 1.

The sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is a multifactorial process in which fish acquire somatic characteristics to reproduce. In salmon farming has been described a high variability in the trait age at maturation derived from wild reproductive strategies. Early maturation is a phenotype that generates serious economic repercussions on both, sea cage and on land-based aquaculture systems. In view of the challenges of this problem for the global salmon farming industry, it is essential to thoroughly understand the influencing factors of early and late maturation to find efficient alternatives for managing the phenomenon. This review briefly describes sexual maturation in S. salar, its variability in cultures, and the factors influencing the maturation age trait at the physiological, genetic and environmental levels. The control of early maturity through changes to the natural photoperiod and through the use of genetic markers are discussed.

The purpose of agricultural enterprises is to improve the quality of domestic products, their competitiveness, food security, development of genetics and breeding, reproduction of land fertility, digitalization, which is impossible without economic transformation, management decisions, the introduction of technological processes for the long-term development of agriculture. The agro-industrial complex plays an important role in the development of the economy as a whole and performs a social function, ensures food security of regions and employment of people living in rural areas, so the quality of life depends on the formation of economic development of agriculture. Methodology. A scientific approach to solving problems allows to model possible situations and avoid negative consequences due to incorrect strategic policy of the organization. Construction of a matrix of strategic qualitative analysis based on methodological approaches to assessing the characteristics, properties of enterprise development strategy and implementation of economic development strategies for agricultural enterprises based on the use of analysis, which provides priority identification of strengths and weaknesses, potential opportunities and threats, languages that can be used to formulate the strategy of agricultural enterprises, is an important step in building a strategy. Results. In a competitive market, it is impossible to succeed by providing low-quality services or offering low-quality goods. Before developing business management processes, it is necessary to develop a functional strategy. Strategic analysis, which gives a realistic assessment of their own resources and capabilities in relation to the state and needs of the environment for agricultural enterprises and helps to make a rational choice of strategies from a variety of options. Practical implications. Strategies at any level usually do not have the resources or ability to use resources in a way that provides full confidence in success. Therefore, during the qualitative strategic analysis, in our case, we have determined that the miscalculations in the opening of the land market (no restrictions for buyers, price formation, protection mechanisms against speculative resale of land), war, political and economic crisis in Ukraine, miscalculations in the regulation of the industry, deterioration of land quality, loss of land value due to the development of alternative production, further decline in margins, degradation of the sector, loss of yield potential due to soil degradation resulting from intensive production, raiding, high cash turnover, fraudulent schemes, counterfeiting products, pressure from law enforcement agencies are threats to building an effective strategy for agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of agricultural enterprises and on the basis of opportunities to achieve economic growth.

As part 3 (It’s the Future, but It Looks like the Present: Queer Speculations on Media Time) turns to the cultural and technological reproduction of speculative futures imagined in audiovisual form, chapter 5 focuses on two speculative films whose genealogy in queer screen history is secure yet which rarely appear in canons of science fiction media: Derek Jarman’s 1978 punk dystopia Jubilee and Lizzie Borden’s 1983 lesbian political fantasy Born in Flames. It argues that that the construction of science fiction film as a heteronormative, capitalist genre defined by spectacular special effects obscures the work done by queer speculative independent film. Alternatively, Jarman and Borden project politicized futures into the people and locations of a present whose shifting temporal location refuses progressive teleologies. The films share an intense focus on media and communication even as they offer contrasting strategies for building futures out of a present moment saturated with representations of the end of the world. Jubilee brings the present to light as a dystopian future whose polite public face hides deep-seated violence; Born in Flames shows us how the politics of revolutionary transformation replicate the problems of the untransformed world through the failure to reckon with them.