Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alternative route

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alternative route'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternative route"

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Percival, Jennifer. "Alternative route." Nursing Standard 16, no. 21 (February 6, 2002): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.21.22.s36.

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Kirkpatrick, Peter. "Alternative route." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1, no. 11 (November 2002): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd945.

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Heinrichs, Arianne. "Alternative death route." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 6, no. 7 (July 2005): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1692.

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Smallridge, Rachel. "An alternative route." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 7, no. 5 (April 12, 2006): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1928.

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Laws, C. N., and Y. C. Teh. "Alternative routeing in fully connected queueing networks." Advances in Applied Probability 32, no. 4 (December 2000): 962–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800010405.

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We consider a fully connected queueing network in which customers have one direct and many alternative routes through the network, and where customer routeing is dynamic. We obtain an asymptotically optimal routeing policy, taking the limit as the number of queues of the network increases. We observe that good policies route customers directly, unless there is a danger of servers becoming idle, in which case customers should be routed alternatively so as to avoid such idleness, and this leads to policies that perform well in moderate-sized networks.
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Day, Michael. "Mapping the alternative route." BMJ 334, no. 7600 (May 3, 2007): 929–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39192.475382.ad.

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Seton-Rogers, Sarah. "Taking an alternative route." Nature Reviews Cancer 7, no. 12 (December 2007): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2278.

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Day, Michael. "Mapping the alternative route." BMJ 334, Suppl S6 (June 1, 2007): 0706248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0706248.

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Seton-Rogers, Sarah. "Taking an alternative route." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 8, no. 12 (December 2007): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm2307.

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Bowsher, D. "An alternative intravenous route." Anaesthesia 54, no. 4 (April 1999): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00882.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternative route"

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McMurray, Helen Frances. "An environmental impact assessment of the alternative access routes, the Western Access Route, and the Least Cost Alternative Route, to the proposed Mohale Dam, Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21619.

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Bibliography: p. 54-57.
This report is concerned with the environmental impact assessment of two alternative access roads, the Western Access Route (WAR) and the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR), to the proposed Mohale Dam site, Lesotho. The procedure adopted by the Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) study team for the assessment of environmental impacts associated with the development of the two routes, is critically reviewed. A comparative evaluation of the alternative routes is undertaken. The preferred access route, which best satisfies the above environmental criteria, is recommended . In January 1993, the Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) of the University of Cape Town was appointed by Gibb-Bergman Joint Venture (GBJV), to assess the environmental impacts associated with the development of an access road from the Lesotho-South Africa border to the construction site of the proposed Mohale Dam (Phase lB), Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP), Lesotho. An existing road, termed the Western Access Route (WAR), was identified as a possible access route. This route would require upgrading to a suitable standard for the passage of heavy construction vehicles, and, in addition, the construction of a bypass of the central business district of Maseru . At an early stage of the study, an alternative access route to the WAR was identified from eight possible alternative routes. This route has been termed the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR). The EEU study team undertook a full assessment of the environmental impacts associated with upgrading the Mountain Road/Western Access Route (WAR) and the construction of the LCAR. These detailed impact assessments are documented in Report EEU/2/93/104a, EEU/2/93/104b and EEU/2/93/104c, submitted with this report.
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Laros, Marlene Therese. "A comparative evaluation of two alternative access routes, the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) and the Western Access Route (WAR), for the Mohale Dam construction, phase 1B, the Lesotho Highlands Water Project." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21620.

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Bibliography: p. 103-107.
Contract No. LHDA (Lesotho Highlands Development Authority) 1000 is the design and construction of the supporting infrastructure for the Mohale Dam, Phase lB of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). The Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) of the University of Cape Town (UCT) was employed by GBJV (Gibbs-Bergman Joint Venture), consulting engineers, to conduct the environmental impact assessments for contract No. LHDA 1000. The impact assessments were: * an initial EIA of the Maseru bypass alternatives; * an EIA of two site access roads at the Mohale Dam construction site; * an EIA of the Resident Engineers Camp, and * an EIA of the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) and the Western Access Route (WAR) for the transport of construction materials to the Mohale Dam site. The WAR, which forms part of the existing Mountain Road, was identified as a viable option for the transport of construction materials to the Mohale Dam site. The LCAR was identified from eight alternatives, excluding the WAR, in an initial desk-top study, as a viable route. The WAR proposal involves the upgrading part of existing Mountain Road, which runs in an easterly direction from Maseru, over the Thaba-Putsoa Mountain Range to ThabaTseka. The WAR proposal would upgrade 60 km of this presently degraded road between St. Michael's and Patiseng. The LCAR runs from Maputsoe to Ha Mateka via Teyateyaneng along existing roads. 55 km of new road will be built through the Jorodane Valley from_ Ha Mateka to Mafotholeng (refer to Map 1). Two separate baseline EIA reports were produced for the LCAR and the WAR proposals.
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Sindelar, Paul T., and Lori J. Marks. "Alternative Route Training: Implications for Elementary Education and Special Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3530.

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In this paper, we review findings from 19 studies of alternative route programs and conclude that they have not been shown to be inferior to traditional programs. These programs are program evaluations and lack many of the controls typical of experimental work; as a result, the findings may be less trustworthy than necessary for reasoned decision-making. Problems inherent in conducting studies of this sort are discussed and illustrated with examples from this literature. The appropriateness of the secondary content area model for elementary and special education is considered from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.
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Brouillette, Rachel Bottjen. "Arenaviruses: mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization and an alternative route of entry." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5429.

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The family Arenaviridae consists of over 30 members, some of which can infect humans and cause severe hemorrhagic fever. The three arenaviruses studied in this thesis, Machupo virus (MACV), Junín virus (JUNV), and Lassa virus (LASV), are causative agents of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever, respectively. Epidemics of these diseases can carry high rates of morbidity and mortality, and due to a lack of available countermeasures, all three viruses are considered category A priority pathogens by the CDC. Arenavirus glycoproteins (GPCs) are considered class I viral fusion proteins, but in multiple regards, they are quite unusual for viral envelope proteins. The GP precursor is translated as a polypeptide that is proteolytically processed within the secretory pathway by two sequential cleavage events to produce a tripartite complex (heterotrimers) that assemble into homotrimers to form heterononamers. The three distinct units of the GPC structure are a receptor binding domain, GP1, and fusion domain, GP2, and most peculiarly, a stable signal peptide (SSP) that traverses the membrane twice and associates with the GP2. The glycoprotein complex (GPC) of MACV encodes nine putative sites for N-linked glycosylation. As N-glycans have been shown to be important for a multitude of factors in glycoprotein biology, we sought to investigate the potential roles of the N-glycans on MACV GPC expression, function, antigenicity, and immunogenicity. To do so, we used MACV GPC-VSVΔG-eGFP pseudovirions (MACV-VSV) to study the effects of both individual and combinatorial N-glycan losses. Our results demonstrate that loss of N-glycans at sites N178, N370, or N378 resulted in a loss of GPC proteolytic processing, while the accumulation of multiple N-glycans reduced total GPC expression and function. Replacement of the native proteolytic cleavage motif with those from LCMV or LASV or from furin reduced or eliminated such processing. While individual N-glycans did not themselves affect total GPC expression levels or translocation to the cell surface, those that allowed for efficient GP1-GP2 cleavage led to the favored incorporation of properly processed GPC, which strongly correlated with high virion production and transduction competence. Separate from these findings, we also discovered that loss of N-glycans dramatically increased the antigenicity of subsequent pseudovirions, and while N-glycan mutants retained immunogenicity, the resultant antisera was limited to autologous targets and was not able to inhibit WT MACV-VSV nor JUNV-VSV transduction. The GPC of arenaviruses is the only antigen correlated with antibody-mediated neutralization, but despite strong cross-reactivity of convalescent antisera between related species, weak or no cross-neutralization occurs. Two closely related arenaviruses, MACV and JUNV, have near identical overall GPC architecture and share a host receptor, transferrin receptor 1. Given their extensive likeness, it is not clear how these two viruses avoid cross-neutralization. To address this, a series of MACV/JUNV chimeric GPCs were assessed for interaction with a group of α-JUNV GPC monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). All mAbs targeted the GP1, and those that neutralized JUNV-VSV transduction competed with each other for binding to the receptor binding site (RBS), specifically. Interestingly, these mAbs did not recognize MACV GPC in its native conformation, despite detecting the protein in western blots. Mouse α-JUNV and α-MACV antisera were also evaluated for neutralization of the wild-type and chimeric JUNV- and MACV-VSV. These antisera neutralized pseudovirions containing the autologous wild-type GP1; however, removal of an RBS-adjacent small disulfide bonded loop unique to MACV GPC was sufficient to increase cross-neutralization with α-JUNV antisera. Our studies provide evidence that this additional loop in MACV GP1 is an important impediment to binding of neutralizing antibodies and contributes to the poor cross-neutralization of α-JUNV antisera against MACV. To enter cells, LASV binds to O-linked glycans present on the cell surface receptor, α-dystroglycan (αDG). While αDG is ubiquitously expressed, glycosylation patterns on some cells restrict the ability of LASV to use this receptor. Multiple studies have suggested that alternative receptors exist on these cell types and have provided evidence that the phosphatidylserine (PtdSer)-binding receptor Axl, along with C-type lectins, play a role in DG-independent entry. In studies presented here, we demonstrate that TIM-1 functions as a receptor for LASV-VSV entry, mediating virion uptake in a PtdSer-dependent, mucin-like domain-independent, manner despite previous reports of the inability of TIM-1 to enhance LASV-VSV transduction. In cases of TIM-1-dependent entry, Ebola virus GP-VSV or LASV-VSV responded differentially to early entry inhibitors, Compound C and EIPA. This provides evidence that mechanism of virus internalization is viral glycoprotein-dependent and cell surface receptor-independent.
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Perkins, Gwendolyn. "MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS OF ALTERNATIVE ROUTE FIRST-YEAR URBAN TEACHERS AND THEIR MENTORS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2584.

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This qualitative study examined, described and analyzed mentoring experiences and perceptions of five first-year alternate route teachers and their five mentors within an urban southeastern school division. The researcher employed a constructivist theoretical model to analyze interview data and frame the adult learning and mentoring experiences to answer the research questions. This investigation explored the benefits, challenges and implications concerning first-year alternate route teachers and their roles in the mentoring relationships.
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Parrish, Robert Todd. "The Teach for Florida Project: A Case Study of Alternative Route Certification Policy." UNF Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/223.

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This study examined the policy implementation of the Teach for Florida Project, which was conducted as a grant program in 2003. The project was designed to help alleviate a critical shortage of teachers brought about in part by the passage in the fall of 2002 of Florida Constitutional Amendment 9, a referendum setting specific limits on the number of students who could be taught by one teacher. The project was created and run on a tight timeline, allowing only 6 months from initiation of the request for proposals to placement of new alternatively prepared teachers in their classrooms. Despite the short notice, 23 institutions submitted proposals, of which 19 were considered worthy of funding and 7 were selected. Of the institutions selected, three represented the State University System, three the State Community College System, and one was a consortium of independent private colleges and universities in Florida. Although each institution created its own plan, the programs demonstrated two divergent paradigms. The schools all proposed some form of classroom education methodology, while the consortium created an online training system. The potential to examine in detail the outcomes of the two approaches was lost because, as the literature review points out, there was no requirement in the request for proposals to maintain the data necessary to conduct such an investigation. The Teach for Florida Project was effective in creating alternative programs for teacher certification but could have provided greater insight into the alternative preparation process had evaluation planning been part of the implementation.
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Mizoguchi, Nobuko. "Diminishing the Perceived Importance of the Self: An Alternative Route to Self-Protection." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1344524035.

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Zientek, Linda Reichwein. "Do teachers differ by certification route? novice teachers' sense of self-efficacy, commitment to teaching, and preparedness to teach." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5751.

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Alternative teacher certification (ATC) programs are one method created to help alleviate teacher shortages (Cox, Matthews, & Assoc, 2001; Hallinan & Khmelkov, 2001). While much debate has arisen over ATC programs, very few have empirically examined their impact on the teaching pool (Darling-Hammond, Berry, & Thoreson, 2001; Darling-Hammond, Chung, & Frelow, 2002; Goldhaber, 2000; Ingersoll, 1999; Shen, 1997, 1999). The present study was designed to explore differences by certification type and program characteristics based on novice teachers' demographics, educational attainment, sense of self-efficacy, and sense of preparedness to enter the classroom. Results from the present study suggest ATC programs are somewhat diversifying the teaching population by bringing in more minorities and science majors, but do not appear to be bringing in more experienced scientists and mathematicians nor do they appear to be alleviating the teacher shortage. In this sample, traditionally certified teachers felt better prepared than ATC teachers with the biggest differences on Promoting Student Learning. Regardless of certification route, prior classroom experience was a strong predictor of Overall Preparedness and a teacher's perception of his or her ability to be an effective teacher. For ATC teachers, a positive mentoring experience was a strong predictor of Overall Preparedness. The discussion of whether or not ATC programs should exist should now be replaced with a discussion of how to ensure that these programs produce better teachers and improve student learning. The underlying theme from the present study was that, in order to feel prepared and have high self-efficacy, novice teachers needed instruction in the majority of the components identified by research and by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future (1996), including positive mentoring experiences, field based experiences, and curriculum based on child development, learning theory, cognition, motivation, and subject matter pedagogy. Results from the present study support the assertion that teacher preparation programs, program components, mentoring experiences, and field-based experiences do impact teacher effectiveness in the classroom.
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Cooley, Laurel A. "An Alternate Route to Urban Mathematics Teaching: The NYC Teaching Fellows Program." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79604.

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The NYC Teaching Fellows (NYCTF) program, as the nation’s largest alternative certification program, aims to provide high-needs NYC public schools with highly qualified teachers in such hard-to-staff areas as math, science, and special education. Reports of NYCTF teacher retention are mixed; The New Teacher Project (TNTP) claims high retention rates, but other research indicates that fellow recruits have lower retention rates than other teachers in similar NYC schools – only Teach for America (TFA) exhibits higher attrition (Boyd et al., 2006). After scrutinizing these contrary claims, this paper examines the retention of a recent cohort of approximately 300 Mathematics Teaching Fellows (MTFs) in the NYCTF program, examining MTF’s early attrition, movements from school to school in the NYC system, and professional plans for the future. We also include findings on teacher induction, school leadership, and school context that affect MTF retention.
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Cassell, Ryan T. "Synthesis of a PbTx-2 photoaffinity and fluorescent probe and an alternative synthetic route to photoaffinity probes." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1612.

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A natural phenomenon characterized by dense aggregations of unicellular photosynthetic marine organisms has been termed colloquially as red tides because of the vivid discoloration of the water. The dinoflagellate Karenia brevis is the cause of the Florida red tide bloom. K. brevis produces the brevetoxins, a potent suite of neurotoxins responsible for substantial amounts of marine mammal and fish mortalities. When consumed by humans, the toxin causes Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP). The native function of brevetoxin within the organism has remained mysterious since its discovery. There is a need to identify factors which contribute to and regulate toxin production within K. brevis. These toxins are produced and retained within the cell implicating a significant cellular role for their presence. Localization of brevetoxin and identification of a native receptor may provide insight into its native role as well as other polyether ladder type toxins such as the ciguatoxins, maitotoxins, and yessotoxins. In higher organisms these polyether ladder molecules bind to transmembrane proteins with high affinity. We anticipated the native brevetoxin receptor would also be a transmembrane protein. Photoaffinity labeling has become increasingly popular for identifying ligand receptors. By attaching ligands to these photophors, one is able to activate the molecule after the ligand binds to its receptor to obtain a permanent linkage between the two. Subsequent purification provides the protein with the ligand directly attached. A molecule that is capable of fluorescence is a fluorophore, which upon excitation is capable of re-emitting light. Fluorescent labeling uses fluorophores by attaching them covalently to biologically active compounds. The synthesis of a brevetoxin photoaffinity probe and its application in identifying a native brevetoxin receptor will be described. The preparation of a fluorescent derivative of brevetoxin will be described and its use in localizing the toxin to an organelle within K. brevis. In addition, the general utility of a synthesized photoaffinity label with other toxins having similar functionality will be described. An alternative synthetic approach to a general photoaffinity label will also be discussed whose goal was to accelerate the preparation and improve the overall synthetic yields of a multifunctional label.
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Books on the topic "Alternative route"

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The other route into college: Alternative admission. New York: Random House, 1991.

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Ltd, Ulsterbus. Southern approaches Super-route: The public transport alternative. Belfast: Ulsterbus Ltd., 1993.

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Silva, Esther Rodriguez. An alternative route for containerized cargo from Asia to North America: The rail canal. S.l: s.n, 2005.

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Spaven, David. Instead of the Ayr Road Route: An alternative transport strategy for the Glasgow-Kilmarnock-Ayr corridor. Glasgow: Glasgow for People, 1994.

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Gagnon, Dennis R. Guide to the Theodore Solomons Trail: An alternative route to the overused John Muir Trail between Yosemite and the Mt. Whitney region. Santa Cruz [Calif.]: Western Tanager Press, 1987.

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Feld, Sebastian. Alternative Routen in komplexen Umgebungen. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26270-9.

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Patel, Ashok R. Alternative Routes to Oil Structuring. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19138-6.

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Avon (England). Highways and Engineering Department. Winterbourne bypass: Technical summary : alternative routes. Bristol: County of Avon Public Relations and Publicity Department, 1986.

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Virginia. State Board of Education. Progress report in response to HJR 123: Alternative licensure route for principals and assistant principals : report of the Board of Education to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond, Va: Commonwealth of Virginia, 2005.

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Vannini, Phillip. The cultures of alternative mobilities: Routes less travelled. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alternative route"

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Weik, Martin H. "alternative route." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_566.

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Subudhi, Sanjukta. "Hydrogen Production Through Biological Route." In Prospects of Alternative Transportation Fuels, 23–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7518-6_3.

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Jonker, Jan, and Niels Faber. "Alternative Routes." In Organizing for Sustainability, 167–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78157-6_13.

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AbstractThis book is designed to support you to work through the ten building blocks of the Business Model Template (BMT), grouped into three stages, from left to right and top to bottom. The underlying idea is to develop a business model from scratch by following the various steps in the Business Model Template in a straightforward and almost linear manner. There is nothing wrong with your first attempt at developing a business model. But there are many other possible routes. Here we outline five possible alternatives: (1) Idea-driven, (2) Proposition-driven, (3) Network-driven, (4) Impact-driven, and (5) Competence-driven. Depending on your circumstances, the networks you have access to, and the nature of the idea you would like to pursue, an alternative route might be worth looking at. You can still use all of the building blocks of the Business Model Template, but in a different order. That part is up to you.
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Bader, Roland, Jonathan Dees, Robert Geisberger, and Peter Sanders. "Alternative Route Graphs in Road Networks." In Theory and Practice of Algorithms in (Computer) Systems, 21–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19754-3_5.

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Mietzner, Andreas. "The Northern Sea Route as an alternative container shipping route: A hypothetical question or a future growth path?" In The Northern Sea Route, 107–21. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04081-9_7.

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Antoniadou, Maria, and Panagiotis Lianos. "Photo-Fuel-Cells: An Alternative Route for Solar Energy Conversion." In Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production, 135–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1628-3_7.

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Jha, Animesh, and Yotamu Hara. "An Alternative Lower Temperature Route For The Recovery of Cobalt From Slag." In Energy Technology 2012, 65–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118365038.ch9.

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Sánchez-Sánchez, Esther M. "An Alternative Route? France’s Position in the Spanish Nuclear Program, c. 1950s–1980s." In The Economic History of Nuclear Energy in Spain, 155–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59867-3_6.

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Joja, Iulia-Sabina. "Romania’s Policy of Migration and Integration: Unattractive Host Nation and Alternative Transit Route." In Local Integration of Migrants Policy, 231–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_13.

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Vanermen, H., H. P. Wynant, and F. Wellens. "An Alternative Route for Sequential Venous Grafts of the Lateral Aspect of the Heart." In Coronary Artery Surgery in the Nineties, 141–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45622-0_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alternative route"

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Coulter, K., A. Gonzales, and E. Wood. "An Alternative Synthesis Route to U3Si2." In Transactions - 2020 Virtual Conference. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t122-32094.

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Coulter, K., A. Gonzales, and E. Wood. "An Alternative Synthesis Route to U3Si2." In Transactions - 2020 Virtual Conference. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t32094.

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Sarakbi, Bakr, and Stephane Maag. "BGP Skeleton - An Alternative to iBGP Route Reflection." In IEEE INFOCOM 2010 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462223.

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Cadacio, Francisco, Teng Wang, Abdellah Salahouelhadj, Giovanni Capuz, Carine Gerets, Goedele Potoms, Rudy Verwoerdt, et al. "An alternative 3D packaging route through wafer reconstruction." In 2015 IEEE 17th Electronics Packaging and Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2015.7412349.

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Hirst, Gary, and Janaka Y. Ruwanpura. "Simulation Tool to Select the Most Optimum Route for Pipeline Projects." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0685.

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The decisions made during the process of selecting the route of pipeline are very critical to the project. Unfortunately, the decision is often complicated by the numerous variables that must be considered and the uncertainty of estimated costs. When choosing the pipeline route a project manager must balance the likely capital cost of the pipeline with the risks inherent in the chosen route. Ideally, a project manager would investigate numerous alternatives to fully explore the merits of various pipeline routes (including the level of risk) prior to making his final decision. This paper presents a project manager with a simulation tool to effectively and efficiently model the costs associated with various pipeline routes. The model is designed to be user friendly by replicating the usual decision-making process as much as possible. The model uses a graphical interface that promotes the rapid analysis of numerous alternatives and provides opportunities to investigate in detail the various aspects of a pipeline route. The model output includes a calculation of the costs of the alternative, a statistical analysis of the risks of the project and information that can be used to establish the confidence level of a pipeline target price.
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Wasi, S. Raza, and J. Darren Bender. "Spatially Enabled Pipeline Route Optimization Model." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0362.

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An interesting, potentially useful, and fully replicable application of a spatially enabled decision model is presented for pipeline route optimization. This paper models the pipeline route optimization problem as a function of engineering and environmental design criteria. The engineering requirements mostly deal with capital, operational and maintenance costs, whereas environmental considerations ensure preservation of nature, natural resources and social integration. Typically, pipelines are routed in straight lines, to the extent possible, to minimize the capital construction costs. In contrast, longer pipelines and relatively higher costs may occur when environmental and social considerations are part of the design criteria. Similarly, much longer pipelines are less attractive in terms of capital costs and the environmental hazard associated with longer construction area. The pipeline route optimization problem is potentially a complex decision that is most often undertaken in an unstructured, qualitative fashion based on human experience and judgement. However, quantitative methods such as spatial analytical techniques, particularly the least-cost path algorithms, have greatly facilitated automation of the pipeline routing process. In the past several interesting studies have been conducted using quantitative spatial analytical tools for finding the best pipeline route or using non-spatial decision making tools to evaluate several alternates derived through conventional route reconnaissance methods. Most of these studies (that the authors are familiar with) have concentrated on integrating multiple sources of spatial data and performing quantitative least-cost path analysis or have attempted to make use of non-spatial decision making tools to select the best route. In this paper, the authors present a new framework that incorporates quantitative spatial analytical tools with an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) model to provide a loosely integrated but efficient spatial Decision Support System (DSS). Specifically, the goal is to introduce a fully replicable spatial DSS that processes both quantitative and qualitative information, balances between lowest-cost and lowest-impact routes. The model presented in this paper is implemented in a four step process: first, integration of multiple source data that provide basis for engineering and environmental design criteria; second, creation of several alternate routes; third, building a comprehensive decision matrix using spatial analysis techniques; and fourth, testing the alternative and opinions of the stakeholder groups on imperatives of AHP model to simplify the route optimization decision. The final output of the model is then used to carry out sensitivity analysis, quantify the risk, generate “several what and if scenarios” and test stability of the route optimization decision.
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Kicinger, Rafal, Jimmy Krozel, Jeffrey Henderson, Husni Idris, and Pierrick Burgain. "Benefits from Collaborative Flow Planning of Alternative Route Options." In 10th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-9001.

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Aguadé-Gorgorió, J., S. McComb, MP Dobay, C. Mezzatesta, G. Cario, C. Eckert, A. Stackelberg, et al. "Die another way: necroptosis as alternative route to cell death." In 30. Jahrestagung der Kind-Philipp-Stiftung für pädiatrisch-onkologische Forschung. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602216.

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Godlewska, E., K. Mars, and K. Zawadzka. "Alternative route for the preparation of CoSb3 and Mg2Si derivatives." In 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS: ECT2011. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4731538.

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Matsuura, Takumi, Hiroki Nakayama, Tsunemasa Hayashi, and Katsunori Yamaoka. "Fast Detection of Alternative Route under Unknown Failure on SDN Network." In 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2017). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2017.8254077.

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Reports on the topic "Alternative route"

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Bates, T., R. Chandra, and E. Chen. BGP Route Reflection - An Alternative to Full Mesh IBGP. RFC Editor, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2796.

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Bates, T., and R. Chandra. BGP Route Reflection An alternative to full mesh IBGP. RFC Editor, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1966.

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Bates, T., E. Chen, and R. Chandra. BGP Route Reflection: An Alternative to Full Mesh Internal BGP (IBGP). RFC Editor, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4456.

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Haskin, D. A BGP/IDRP Route Server alternative to a full mesh routing. RFC Editor, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1863.

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Lubguban, J. Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Porogen Phase: An Alternative Route to Nanoporous Dielectrics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839790.

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Iyer, Ananth V., Steven R. Dunlop, Olga Senicheva, Dutt J. Thakkar, Ruier Yan, Karthikeyan Subramanian, Suraj Vasu, Gokul Siddharthan, Juily Vasandani, and Srijan Saurabh. Improve and Gain Efficiency in Winter Operations. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317312.

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This report analyzes the current service level of winter operations in Indiana and explores opportunities to optimize performance. We analyze data regarding winter operations managed by INDOT and provide specific quantified estimates of opportunities to improve efficiency while also managing costs. For our exploration, we use data provided by INDOT sources, qualitative insights from interviews with INDOT personnel, literature survey data and benchmarking information, salt and supplier data analysis, and simulation. As part of our research, we developed a simulation model to visually represent the impact of alternate management of trucks for snow removal and a dashboard to understand the impact. Our analysis suggests the following: (1) opportunities exist to coordinate salt delivery by suppliers and combine local city salt purchases with INDOT’s purchases to save costs, (2) adjusting routes will reduce deadhead, (3) understanding truck maintenance and truck locations improves performance, and (4) incorporating critical locations into snow route planning will meet service thresholds. These insights provide implementable recommendation initiatives to improve winter operations performance. The simulation tool developed in this project simulates various weather events to draw insights and determine appropriate resource allocations and opportunities for improving operational efficiency. The report thus provides a quantifiable approach to winter operations that can improve the overall service level and efficiency of the process.
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Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.
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Bebarta, Vikhyat, Julio Lairet, Rebecca Pitotti, Susan Boudreau, Toni Vargas, Patricia Dixon, and Tylan Muncy. Intraosseous Hydroxocobalamin in the Treatment of Acute, Severe Cyanide Induced Cardiotoxicity in a Swine (Sus Scrofa) Model - An Alternate Administration Route for Chemical Mass Casualties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559257.

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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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State alternative route designations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10162391.

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