Academic literature on the topic 'Alternative solutions of support systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Alternative solutions of support systems"
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Malinina, Tat'yana, Vitaliy Novikov, and M. S. Molokanova. "HYDROPONICS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GROWING PLANTING MATERIAL." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-91-94.
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Hydroponics is a modern way of growing plants in special solutions. Using this method, plants dispense with soil, are in the substrate, which serves as a support for the root system and receive the necessary nutrients from the solution. It for each plant, depending on the species, is selected individually. The hydroponic method is of two types: open systems and closed. Most industrial plants are simple open systems. Plants are grown on a mineral wool slab; the nutrient solution circulates several times a day, according to the ambient temperature, and then after each watering 25-30% of the nutrient solution is discharged into the ground. This is to prevent the deposition of salts on the substrate.There are also closed systems where the nutrient solution circulates from the tank to the plants and back to the tank. In this case, all the consumed water is absorbed and evaporated by the plant, thereby increasing the efficiency of water consumption. In addition, the nutrient solution does not come into contact with the soil and does not contaminate the soil, and unwanted nutrients do not enter the groundwater. System closure solves the problem of water loss. Peppermint culture was grown using a closed type of hydroponic system. Passiflora seeds were grown using mineral wool.
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Le Gouévec, Jérôme, and Olivier Blanpain. "Multicriteria analysis for choosing wastewater sewerage solutions." Journal of Hydroinformatics 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2002.0015.
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Today, more and more French communities have a critical point of view concerning the performance of their wastewater sewerage systems. The main reason is linked to the methodology of the studies in the design phase. The process is neither adapted to the complexity of the decision-making task, nor to a general management of the wastewater sewerage in a territory. In order to make these studies more coherent and the choices more rational, we propose a new formulation of the methodology as an alternative to the current one. Our approach relies on decision-making support which borrows concepts from expert systems and multicriteria analysis in order to structure the reasoning process and to take into account the very different criteria a real decision-making task often implies. We show that this support has to be interactive and iterative in order to ensure that coherent and relevant solutions are chosen.
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Westerlund, Parvaneh, Ingemar Andersson, Tero Päivärinta, and Jörgen Nilsson. "Towards automated pre-ingest workflow for bridging information systems and digital preservation services." Records Management Journal 29, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-05-2018-0011.
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Purpose This paper aims to automate pre-ingest workflow for preserving digital content, such as records, through middleware that integrates potentially many information systems with potentially several alternative digital preservation services. Design/methodology/approach This design research approach resulted in a design for model- and component-based software for such workflow. A proof-of-concept prototype was implemented and demonstrated in context of a European research project, ForgetIT. Findings The study identifies design issues of automated pre-ingest for digital preservation while using middleware as a design choice for this purpose. The resulting model and solution suggest functionalities and interaction patterns based on open interface protocols between the source systems of digital content, middleware and digital preservation services. The resulting workflow automates the tasks of fetching digital objects from the source system with metadata extraction, preservation preparation and transfer to a selected preservation service. The proof-of-concept verified that the suggested model for pre-ingest workflow and the suggested component architecture was technologically implementable. Future research and development needs to include new solutions to support context-aware preservation management with increased support for configuring submission agreements as a basis for dynamic automation of pre-ingest and more automated error handling. Originality/value The paper addresses design issues for middleware as a design choice to support automated pre-ingest in digital preservation. The suggested middleware architecture supports many-to-many relationships between the source information systems and digital preservation services through open interface protocols, thus enabling dynamic digital preservation solutions for records management.
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Dede, Georgia, Evangelia Filiopoulou, Georgios Chatzithanasis, Thomas Kamalakis, and Christos Michalakelis. "Evaluation of Technological Solutions and Requirements for Cloud TV Services Based on Decision Support Systems." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2021070102.
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Cloud TV will play an important role in future pay TV services and is quickly becoming the next arena for TV content providers. This emphasizes the need for a technology roadmap to address several key issues that may affect the deployment of future Cloud TV services. Three alternative technologies, Internet Protocol TV (IPTV), Over the Top (OTT), and Smart TV have been investigated. The methodology used is the analytic hierarchy process based on a decision support system developed for this study. The current work implements and verifies a transparent road mapping model for Cloud TV solutions. The results indicate that OTT seems to be the most efficient and valuable choice and reveal an important blend of social, economic, technological requirements to be taken into account when deploying and/or adopting Cloud TV services from a pay TV operator. Sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the stability of the results and the accuracy of the approach. The findings will be an important guide for the development of Cloud TV solutions and the improvement of those already deployed.
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Korthals Altes, Willem K. "Land pricing upon the extension of leases in public leasehold systems." Journal of European Real Estate Research 12, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-05-2018-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to compare and review alternative ways to adjust public ground leases. Design/methodology/approach Based on principles derived from a review of scientific literature, alternatives for the extension of leases are discussed based on the case of Amsterdam. Findings Many alternatives lead public ground-lease systems to produce results that are the opposite of what they are intended to be (as inspired by Henry George): new improvements result in higher rent, but additional location values do not result in higher rent. One exception is the lease-adjustment-at-property-transaction alternative, which may nevertheless result in fewer transactions. Social implications Public leasehold systems are highly contested with regard to the extension of leases. Such systems are often aimed at capturing land-value gains. In practice, however, this tends to be more difficult than expected. Value capture by authorities, as intended by the system, results in counter-movements of lessees, who often gain public support to set lower leases. These political processes may even result in the termination of such public ground-lease systems. This paper reports on a search for possible solutions. Originality/value The comparison of various alternatives to ground-lease extension based on principles derived from literature is new, and it contributes insight into public ground-lease systems.
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Kusuma, Ardi, and Garuda Ginting. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Apoteker Terbaik Pada PT. Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk Medan Menerapkan Metode Vikor." Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON) 1, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/json.v1i3.2163.
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Pharmacists are professional workers who have basic education and skills in the field of pharmacy and are given the authority and responsibility to carry out pharmaceutical work. In the pharmaceutical industry, both those that have been operating and are about to be established, there must be at least 3 (three) Indonesian pharmacists. Decision Support System (SPK) has the aim of providing predictions, providing information and directing information users to be able to make decisions more effectively. Decision Support System (SPK) applications use a flexible, interactive and adaptable CBIS (Computer Based Information System) that was developed to support solutions to specific unstructured management problems. The VIKOR method is used to overcome the problem of complex multi-criteria systems that focus on ranking and selection of alternatives. The first proposed procedure calculates the ideal and negative solutions by considering the criteria and weights of each alternative, and the corresponding utility.
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Lambert, J. W. M., J. J. van Meerten, M. P. Woning, M. J. Eijbersen, and M. Huber. "Tools to support maintenance strategies under soft soil conditions." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-529-2015.
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Abstract. Costs for maintenance of infrastructure in municipalities with soft soil underground conditions, are estimated to be almost 40 % higher than in others. As a result, these municipalities meet financial problems that cause overdue maintenance. In some cases municipalities are even afraid to be unable to offer a minimum service level in future. In common, traditional practice, roads and sewerage systems have been constructed in trenches that consist of sandy material that replaces the upper meters of the soft soil. Under influence of its weight, this causes accelerated settlements of the construction. A number of alternative constructions have been developed, e.g. using light-weight materials to limit settlement velocity. In order to limit future maintenance costs, improvement of maintenance strategies is desired. Tools have been and will be developed to support municipalities in improving their maintenance strategies and save money by doing that. A model (BALANS) that weighs the attractiveness of alternative solutions under different soil, environmental and economic circumstances, will be presented.
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Wulandari, Sri, and Adityo Permana Wibowo. "Development of SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) Method for Decision Support System of Sembako Price Control." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Natural Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46923/ijets.v1i1.23.
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The Supporting System The decision to control basic food prices at the fisheries and forestry service is a system designed to assist relevant agencies in seeing prices of basic necessities which tend to increase at any time. At first the relevant agencies do recap calculations by storing data and still counting manually, so it requires a longer time, with the existence of this system it is expected to be able to help and provide solutions for consideration of decision making in accordance with the right calculations. The decision support method of calculation used is the SAW method that takes the greatest value to be used as a decision-making ranking. In addition, other methods used are data collection methods by observation and interviews to identify problems in developing support systems for basic food price control decisions. Model design is described using data flow diagrams (DAD) and entity relationship diagram (ERD). The system developed is able to record, calculate and provide alternative solutions effectively for relevant agencies. With this system, agencies are expected to be able to process the calculation of basic food prices better, select more accurate decisions, and take more effective alternative solutions.
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Duan, Sophia Xiaoxia, Santoso Wibowo, and Josephine Chong. "A Multicriteria Analysis Approach for Evaluating the Performance of Agriculture Decision Support Systems for Sustainable Agribusiness." Mathematics 9, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9080884.
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Agriculture decision support systems (DSSs) play an important role in facilitating evidence-based agricultural decision-making for improving agribusiness productivity. Evaluating and selecting the most appropriate agriculture DSS for sustainable agribusiness is, however, challenging due to the existence of production and marketing alternatives, a variety of objective functions from economic to lifestyle to long-term sustainability, and the subjectiveness and imprecision involved in the evaluation process. To help decision makers effectively deal with these issues, this paper presents a multicriteria analysis approach for evaluating and selecting the most appropriate agriculture DSS for sustainable agribusiness. The subjective assessments of decision makers in the evaluation process are formulated using linguistic variables approximated by fuzzy numbers. The concept based on the positive and the negative ideal solutions is applied for producing a performance index value for every agriculture DSS alternative across all evaluation criteria based on which the most appropriate agriculture DSS is. An empirical study is presented for demonstrating the step-wise process for evaluating and selecting the most appropriate agriculture DSS for sustainable agribusiness. The outcome from the performance evaluation process allows agribusinesses to effectively adopt appropriate agriculture DSSs for achieving competitive advantages.
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Adamczyk, Arkadiusz. "Energy profiles as a method for minimizing weight of hybrid power supply systems." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/0860889x.1237617.
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This article presents an analysis of energy demand by a group of portable military use appliances. This analysis was used by the author to offer an solution aimed at reducing the weight of the power supply system. This solution is based on energy profiles which were derived from the analyses and measurements, and on applying appropriately modified hybrid supply sources. Catalogue data are often used in support of an analysis of performance of electronic appliances. For a user, documents prepared by a manufacturer are the main source of information concerned with the amount and quality of electric energy sources required for the appliance to work properly. Investigations carried out in real conditions often verify this data, which provides a base for seeking alternative solutions in the course of designing new sources of power, e.g. such as the ones proposed in the article.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternative solutions of support systems"
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Dvořák, Jiří. "Stavebnicový systém stavby hlavních dílů CNC obráběcího stroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401064.
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This work deals with the design of a new concept of construction of main parts of machine tools. It is based on the essence of the modular building system and the solution is to use of small elements that will make a whole group. The content of the thesis is focused on the creation of the procedure for the first prototype of the kit. Specific machine is then modeled from a solution.
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Eugenia, Mee Wah. "Alternative visual displays for effective decision support systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323300.
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Velasquez, M. E. "Internet-based solutions to support distributed manufacturing." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4372/.
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With the globalisation and constant changes in the marketplace, enterprises are adapting themselves to face new challenges. Therefore, strategic corporate alliances to share knowledge, expertise and resources represent an advantage in an increasing competitive world. This has led the integration of companies, customers, suppliers and partners using networked environments. This thesis presents three novel solutions in the tooling area, developed for Seco tools Ltd, UK. These approaches implement a proposed distributed computing architecture using Internet technologies to assist geographically dispersed tooling engineers in process planning tasks. The systems are summarised as follows. TTS is a Web-based system to support engineers and technical staff in the task of providing technical advice to clients. Seco sales engineers access the system from remote machining sites and submit/retrieve/update the required tooling data located in databases at the company headquarters. The communication platform used for this system provides an effective mechanism to share information nationwide. This system implements efficient methods, such as data relaxation techniques, confidence score and importance levels of attributes, to help the user in finding the closest solutions when specific requirements are not fully matched In the database. Cluster-F has been developed to assist engineers and clients in the assessment of cutting parameters for the tooling process. In this approach the Internet acts as a vehicle to transport the data between users and the database. Cluster-F is a KD approach that makes use of clustering and fuzzy set techniques. The novel proposal In this system is the implementation of fuzzy set concepts to obtain the proximity matrix that will lead the classification of the data. Then hierarchical clustering methods are applied on these data to link the closest objects. A general KD methodology applying rough set concepts Is proposed In this research. This covers aspects of data redundancy, Identification of relevant attributes, detection of data inconsistency, and generation of knowledge rules. R-sets, the third proposed solution, has been developed using this KD methodology. This system evaluates the variables of the tooling database to analyse known and unknown relationships in the data generated after the execution of technical trials. The aim is to discover cause-effect patterns from selected attributes contained In the database. A fourth system was also developed. It is called DBManager and was conceived to administrate the systems users accounts, sales engineers’ accounts and tool trial monitoring process of the data. This supports the implementation of the proposed distributed architecture and the maintenance of the users' accounts for the access restrictions to the system running under this architecture.
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Candell, Olov. "Development of information support solutions for complex technical systems using eMaintenance." Doctoral thesis, Luleå : Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/3353781.
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Gustafsson, Viktor, and Abedin Mahan Vosoughi. "Total cost analysis of alternative transport solutions for construction materials." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134389.
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I examensarbetet utförs en totalkostnadsanalys av tre olika transportalternativ av gipsskivor till kontorsbyggen i citymiljö åt Skanska. I det ena alternativet levereras gipsskivorna direkt från fabrik till byggarbetsplats. I det andra alternativet köps gipsskivorna in från en grossist och i det tredje alternativet går gipsskivorna via en terminal hos en tredjepartslogistiker. Slutsatserna som tagits fram visar på att ett lågt inköpspris kan medföra öka kostnader längre fram i kedjan i form av sämre kvalité och längre väntetider för personalen.
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Hyysalo, J. (Jarkko). "Supporting collaborative development:cognitive challenges and solutions of developing embedded systems." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206028.
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Abstract The development of embedded systems is becoming increasingly challenging; it is intellectually demanding knowledge work that requires collaboration among a wide range of skills. Software development is a largely cognitive activity, based on the worker’s internal mental processes rather than on physical labour. Developers face several individual and team cognition-related challenges in their work, including complex decision-making and problem-solving processes. Therefore, it is suggested that the software development process should be modelled as a set of problem-solving activities. This thesis proposes that supporting the cognitive work of collaborative development requires addressing the entire system’s life cycle with practical solutions. In this work, the above-mentioned challenges are addressed in terms of communication and collaboration practices, knowledge management and coordination, and transparent tools and processes. Moreover, these solutions are integrated into a workflow that structures and supports the development process. Finally, a development process is outlined that addresses the decision-oriented nature of software development in such a manner that the necessary data is provided for decision points that guide and coordinate the development efforts. A qualitative research approach has been chosen, and the work is based on interviewing industrial experts. Several cases were set up to define the state of the practice in industrial organisations developing embedded systems for different domains. Current challenges were identified and solutions were developed and validated in case companies. The main result of the dissertation is a set of solutions integrated into the organisational workflow to support collaborative development. The main principles are that the necessary information must be provided and work and its objectives must be justified and put into the correct context. The industrial cases indicate that utilising the suggested solutions can improve collaboration among organisations and teams by helping disseminate and use the required information. Mitigating the cognitive burden speeds up the development work and reduces the effort required from developers and decision makers. In this manner, organisations may achieve better results, primarily because the produced data and results will fulfil their purposes better and provide less wasteTiivistelmä Ohjelmistotuotanto nykymaailmassa muuttuu koko ajan haastavammaksi, kehitysprojektit ovat monimutkaisia ja hajautettuja sekä vaativat monialaista osaamista. Tiukat aikataulupaineet puolestaan tuovat mukaan oman problematiikkansa. Ohjelmistokehitys on suurelta osin kognitiivista työtä, jossa tarvitaan erilaisia taitoja ja eri alojen asiantuntijoita. Kognitiivinen työ tarkoittaa abstraktin tiedon käsittelyä ennemmin kuin fyysistä työtä. Ohjelmistojen kehittäjät törmäävät useisiin henkilökohtaiseen sekä ryhmätyöhön liittyviin haasteisiin, näistä esimerkkeinä monitahoinen tiedon käsittely, päätöksenteko ja ongelmanratkaisu. Onkin ehdotettu, että ohjelmistonkehitysprosessit ymmärrettäisiin ongelmanratkaisu- ja päätöspainotteisina prosesseina. Tässä työssä ehdotetaan, että tukeakseen ohjelmistonkehitysprosessia koko tuotteen tekemisen elinkaari on otettava huomioon ja työntekijöiden roolit ja vastuut on linkitettävä kehitysprosesseihin sekä kehitysprosessin eri vaiheisiin. Havaittuihin kognitiivisiin ongelmiin ja tarpeisiin vastataan yhteistyö- ja kommunikaatiokäytännöin, tiedonhallinnan, läpinäkyvyyden, työnkulun, ja päätöspainotteisten prosessien kautta. Tulokset kerättiin käyttäen menetelmänä laadullista tapaustutkimusta, ja työ perustuu useiden teollisten asiantuntijoiden haastatteluihin. Tutkimus toteutettiin useassa eri teollisuuden organisaatiossa. Aluksi määritettiin lähtötilanne organisaatioissa sekä kirjallisuuden perusteella, kartoitettiin ongelmat, jonka jälkeen kehitettiin tärkeimmiksi havaittuihin ongelmiin ratkaisuja. Työn tuloksena esitetään joukko ratkaisuja, jotka yhdistetään organisaation työnkulkuun. Lisäksi esitellään päätöksentekoon painottuva kehitysprosessi, jonka lähtökohtana on havainto, että vaadittavien tehtävien sekä työn tulosten on vastattava oikeaan tarpeeseen – työlle ja halutuille työn tuloksille on annettava riittävät tiedot, perustelut, päämäärä sekä oikea konteksti. Tapaustutkimukset osoittavat, että työn tulokset parantavat organisaatioiden välistä yhteistyötä helpottamalla oikean tiedon keräämistä, saamista ja käyttöä. Lisäksi ylimääräisen kognitiivisen taakan vähentäminen nopeuttaa kehitystyötä ja keventää kehittäjien ja päätöksentekijöiden työkuormaa. Täten organisaatiot voivat saavuttaa parempia työn tuloksia lähinnä siksi, että tuotettu tieto ja tulokset vastaavat paremmin tarpeisiin
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Dreiling, Alexander. "Myths, narratives and the dilemma of managerial support organizational learning as an alternative? /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231910.
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Marburger, André. "Reverse engineering of complex legacy telecommunication systems : [problem domain, concepts, solutions, and tool support] /." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014186048&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Kapletia, Dharm. "Acquiring customer solutions : a study of complex systems support in the UK defence industry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252210.
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Donohoo-Vallett, Pearl Elizabeth. "Scaling air quality effects from alternative jet fuel in aircraft and ground support equipment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59779.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-78).
Many of the nation's largest airports, including Los Angeles International Airport, the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Chicago O'Hare International Airport and Washington Dulles International Airport are located within areas designated by the EPA as having ambient particulate matter concentrations that exceed National Ambient Air Quality standards. When inhaled, fine particulate matter can enter the blood stream from the lungs and increase the risk of illness and premature mortality. This thesis examines the potential of two jet fuel types, ultra low sulfur jet fuel and synthetic paraffinic kerosene, to reduce aviation's contribution to ambient particulate matter concentrations. Scaling factors were developed for airport criteria pollutant emissions to model alternative jet fuels in aircraft and ground support equipment. These linear scaling factors were based on currently published studies comparing standard diesel and jet fuels with alternative jet fuels. It was found that alternative jet fuels lower or maintain all air pollutant emissions considered (primary particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrous oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) for both aircraft and ground support equipment. To quantify the potential benefits of changing fuel composition on ambient particulate matter concentrations, a study of the Atlanta Hartsfield Jackson International Airport was completed using both emissions inventory analysis and atmospheric modeling. The atmospheric modeling captures both primary particulate matter and other emissions that react in the atmosphere to form secondary particulate matter. It was found that the use of an ultra low sulfur jet fuel in aircraft gas turbines could reduce the primary particulate matter inventory by 37% and synthetic paraffinic kerosene could reduce the primary particulate matter inventory by 64%. The atmospheric modeling predicts that an ultra low sulfur jet fuel in aircraft could reduce ambient particulate matter concentrations due to aircraft by up to 57% and synthetic paraffinic kerosene could reduce particulate matter concentrations due to aircraft by up to 67%. Thus, this study indicates that the majority of air quality benefits at Atlanta Hartsfield Jackson International Airport that could be derived from the two fuels considered can be captured by removing the sulfur from jet fuel through the use of an ultra low sulfur jet fuel.
by Pearl Donohoo.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Books on the topic "Alternative solutions of support systems"
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Ng, Mee Wah Eugenia. Alternative visual displays for effective decision support systems. [s.l.]: typescript, 1999.
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Angehrn, Albert A. Stimulus agents: An alternative framework for computer-aided decision making. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1991.
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OLAP solutions: Building multidimensional information systems. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Computer Pub., 2002.
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OLAP solutions: Building multidimensional information systems. New York: Wiley Computer Pub., 1997.
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Skulimowski, Andrzej M. J., and Janusz Kacprzyk, eds. Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems: Recent Trends, Advances and Solutions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19090-7.
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Boyle, William C. Status of porous biomass support systems for wastewater treatment: An innovative, alternative technology assessment. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.
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Keith, Dawson, ed. The call center dictionary: The complete guide to call center & customer support technology solutions. New York: CMP Books, 2002.
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Lyubarskiy, Yuriy, and Aleksandr Hrennikov. Intelligent electrical networks: computer support for dispatching solutions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1134516.
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For" smart " electric networks, intelligent software tools that perform new functions and increase the level of computer support for dispatching solutions are considered. Given that one of the goals of building "smart" networks is to ensure recovery after accidents, the main focus of the textbook is on the problems of diagnosing emergency situations, intelligent monitoring of the state of electrical networks, and planning for the post-accident restoration of power supply. A new type of software simulator for dispatchers of electrical networks — a simulator for analyzing emergency situations-is considered in detail. The theoretical material is accompanied by many examples in the form of protocols for the operation of real intelligent systems. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of electric power specialties, managers and specialists of operational services of enterprises of power systems, electric and distribution networks and power stations, branches of PJSC ROSSETI, PJSC FGC UES, as well as students of advanced training courses.
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Berkeley, Hill. Alternative support systems for rural areas: A research project prepared for the Department of the Environment and theMinistry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Ashford: Wye College, 1989.
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Griessl, E., and Carsten Drebenstedt. "Using an Expert System as a Management Tool to Identify Alternative Solutions That Support the Development of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, 1381–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02678-7_132.
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Liu, Xiaowei, Zhiwei Yan, Guanggang Geng, Xiaodong Lee, Shian-Shyong Tseng, and Ching-Heng Ku. "RPKI Deployment: Risks and Alternative Solutions." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 299–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23204-1_30.
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Herrmann, Christoph, Kuldip Singh Sangwan, Mark Mennenga, Philipp Halubek, and Patricia Egede. "Assessment of Alternative Propulsion Systems for Vehicles." In Glocalized Solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing, 51–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19692-8_9.
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Hockley, Christopher J., Adam T. Zagorecki, and Laura J. Lacey. "Enabling Support Solutions in the Defence Environment." In Complex Engineering Service Systems, 257–76. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-189-9_14.
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Wieszczy, Paulina, and Przemysław Grzegorzewski. "Support Vector Machines in Fuzzy Regression." In Challenging Problems and Solutions in Intelligent Systems, 103–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30165-5_6.
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Mikulecky, Peter. "Cloud – Based Solutions for Outdoor Ambient Intelligence Support." In New Trends in Intelligent Information and Database Systems, 229–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16211-9_24.
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Gołuńska, Dominika, and Janusz Kacprzyk. "A Consensus Reaching Support System for Multi-criteria Decision Making Problems." In Challenging Problems and Solutions in Intelligent Systems, 219–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30165-5_11.
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Korczak, Jerzy, Helena Dudycz, Bartłomiej Nita, Piotr Oleksyk, and Adrian Kaźmierczak. "Extension of Intelligence of Decision Support Systems: Manager Perspective." In Information Technology for Management: New Ideas and Real Solutions, 35–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53076-5_3.
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Zadrożny, Sławomir, Janusz Kacprzyk, and Marek Gajewski. "A New Approach to the Multiaspect Text Categorization by Using the Support Vector Machines." In Challenging Problems and Solutions in Intelligent Systems, 261–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30165-5_13.
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Yakovlieva, Anna, and Sergii Boichenko. "Energy Efficient Renewable Feedstock for Alternative Motor Fuels Production: Solutions for Ukraine." In Systems, Decision and Control in Energy I, 247–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48583-2_16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Alternative solutions of support systems"
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Bliznakov, Plamen I., Jami J. Shah, Dae K. Jeon, and Susan D. Urban. "Design Information System Infrastructure to Support Collaborative Design in a Large Organization." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0001.
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Abstract In collaborative design in large organizations, many design tasks are executed concurrently by different groups or departments. Many of these tasks influence each other. Collaborative design can be facilitated by an information system that allows each group to post the status of their respective tasks so that other groups can follow their progress, obtain parameters/specifications required in their own tasks, and avoid conflicts/incompatible solutions. This paper examines the functional requirements for such a Design Information System (DIS), considers alternative solutions, and describes an implementation of such a system. The proposed solution includes a hybrid model for the representation of design information at several levels of formalization and granularity. Both Product Data and Design Procedures (processes) are supported through some common pre-defined design elements (primitives), but the system can be extended to include new user-defined elements. The user interface implementation utilizes the World Wide Web and public domain browsers. The system is currently undergoing field testing in an on-going collaborative design project.
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Garule, Milind B., and S. G. Joshi. "Motion Transmissibility Characteristics of Some Linear and Nonlinear Passive Suspension Systems With Elastically Supported Damper." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95280.
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Ruzicka and Cavanaugh have presented a passive suspension system with an elastically supported damper with a view to improve its performance in the region of resonance as well as in high frequency region. In this paper, some linear and nonlinear modified forms of Ruzicka’s model of suspension system have been analysed for their motion transmissibility characteristics. The effect of variation of parameters such as, the support spring stiffness, the auxiliary spring stiffness, damping ratio and nonlinearity coefficient on motion transmissibility of the modified models is studied. From the results of analysis, it is observed that for a certain combination of the suspension parameters, the motion transmissibility of the system can be made almost independent of variation in the damping ratio of the system. The method of nonlinear analysis presented in this paper and the results obtained will provide alternative solutions for the design of passive suspension systems for improved ride comfort characteristics for a large class of road vehicles.
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Wowczuk, Zenovy S., Jeffery R. X. Auld, and James E. Smith. "A Cost and Time Effective Alternative for an Aerial Reconnaissance and Surveillance Platform." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95600.
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An expanded need for information obtainable from aerial sensor platforms is driving research and development towards both the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s) and the extensive physical redesign of existing airframes to accommodate alternative capabilities. This trend in aerial platform development requires significant time and funding and has yet to transpire into low single-system cost that can be rapidly set to use. An alternative concept of utilizing existing and unmodified airframes as sensor platforms, through the use of peripheral systems, presents an attractive solution to this problem. A particular sensor platform system (Oculus) has been designed for use upon a C-130 aircraft and, as a blueprint concept, shows considerable design flexibility for use upon additional existing military and commercial airframes. This roll-on roll-off sensor platform is a stand alone system that requires no modification to the C-130 airframe and has the capacity to incorporate multi-mission sensor capabilities which can be used for a wide variety of missions. These missions are (but not limited to) Environmental Impact Assessment, Counter Drug, Counter Terrorism, Homeland Security, Resource Surveys, Environmental Surveys, and Search and Rescue. This system (patent pending) has been developed to support a broad spectrum of the latest in remote sensor technology for missions requiring highly proficient reconnaissance capabilities. It was also designed under the criterion of mission flexibility, stability, field of view, storability, modular attachment space and provisions for expansion and upgrade. This sensor platform system provides a superior cost-effective upgrade capability to existing airframes.
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Wiegele, Ed, David Nemeth, Shahani Kariyawasam, and Stuart Clouston. "Data Management for Integrity Decision Support." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0511.
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Within most pipeline organizations, maintenance and other facility departments use a range of separate data sources and applications to manage the integrity, maintenance and safety of their pipelines. These databases represent a significant investment over many years and are an integral part of day-to-day operations. It is evident that integration of data into a single, coherent data management system can provide significant benefits. However, the cost of implementing entirely new systems — with intensive data capture programs — is difficult to justify given the earlier investments. As a result, dedicated risk management software using static and separately maintained data is often used as a quick, low cost alternative to meet regulatory compliance commitments. Experience has shown that, with the right technology and an understanding of the specific needs of an organisation, a phased approach to integrated data management can be achieved at minimum initial cost by exploiting legacy data. This provides a low cost yet scalable solution that can grow with the changing needs of the business. In addition to the benefits of legacy data integration, this paper presents an insight into the additional benefits of technologies for distributed data access to provide simple, process-focussed reporting tools. The key role of data management in risk assessment and consequent integrity decision support process is discussed.
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Zanello, Piero, and Andrea Tasselli. "Gas Turbine Firing Medium BTU Gas From Gasification Plant." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-008.
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IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) plants for large scale power generation are becoming more and more attractive. For a gas turbine generating set to operate on Medium BTU gas, it takes dedicated design of both engine and auxiliaries. A new combustion section, with extensive test support, has been developed. Alternative options to reduce inlet air flow and NOx emissions have been compared and appropriate solutions adopted. All auxiliaries systems have been modified according to the gas fuel characteristics. Integration between plant systems has been carefully evaluated and a control system implemented in order to reach maximum reliability. The paper deals with different technical aspects of the engine as well as the plant design.
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Varga, Edit, Imre Horva´th, Zolta´n Rusa´k, and Jouke Verlinden. "On the Framework of Information Processing in a Hand Motion Based Shape Conceptualization System." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84929.
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In the computer support of conceptual design hand motions can be effectively used to express shapes and shape related operations. The development of these systems are challenging because of the special characteristics of conceptual design, such under-determinism, need of fast feedback and support of collaboration. This paper proposes a framework for information processing in a system, where a collaborating team of designers use hand motions to conceptualize shapes of various products. We separated the functions of the system into four groups: (1) data acquisition, where the hand motions are tracked as motion trajectories of dedicated joints of the hands and arms, (2) information completion, where the motion trajectories are processed and additional information is generated with the help of an upper limb model, (3) information conversion, where the motion trajectories are converted to surface information or shape manipulation operation and (4) visualization, where the generated surface is presented to the user. The modules of the system and the information flows were defined. A feasibility study was completed to qualify the alternative solutions for operational criteria. Measures were defined to describe the criteria and indices were created to enable a comparison. We concluded that (1) the criteria of each function should be fulfilled with regards to the final goal and (2) when multiple criteria are defined for each function, they may have an effect on each other, which has to be considered when selecting an optimal solution. Future research will focus on the software implementation of the proposed framework.
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Odru, Pierre, Yann Poirette, Yves Stassen, Jean Franc¸ois Saint Marcoux, and Laurent Abergel. "Composite Riser and Export Line Systems for Deep Offshore Applications." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37237.
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Composite materials offer an interesting alternative to classical steel solutions in the deep offshore risers and export lines systems. They are able to bring lightness both with high mechanical and compliance resistance, and important developments have been made by the industry to qualify them for offshore use. Most applications planned up to now have been however for TLPs, SPARs or Drilling Risers, where saving weight has direct influence on the design of the floating supports and corresponding equipment. However new riser system concepts have appeared, such as catenary risers, hybrid towers, or “Lazy W” export lines, used for instance on the Girassol field. The objectives of the present study are, starting from operational hypothesis, to design and verify feasibility of steel and composite risers for these types of applications in the very deep offshore (down to 2500m), including laying conditions. Composite and steel solutions are then compared and the advantages induced by the composite version can be evaluated. An acceptable cost of the composite version can then be deduced. Main conclusions are that both steel and composite versions are technically feasible in the mild conditions of the Gulf of Guinea or of Brazil. Steel is however close to its limit and may not work in more severe conditions. The cost advantages of the composite version are found essentially during the laying phase, and may justify the use of such an application. An important issue will be however the industrial availability of long length composite joints.
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Aliuddin, Atif M., AbdulAziz S. Alhamoud, and Samir Mekid. "System Level Design and Simulation of PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Power Systems for Portable Classrooms." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62128.
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This paper discusses a system level design and simulation of a portable solar powered classroom for rural areas that are not connected to the national grid. This constitutes a serious handicap to support general public utilities such as lack of proper schools and usual daily utilities. The lack of schools in such areas has lead to a lower level of educational standard as compared to urban schools. These regions are often isolated and far away from any major cities and thus have limited educational resources. Often these areas lack proper teaching facilities, which in turn discourage students from seriously pursuing education. Coincidentally these areas are exposed to a large amount of solar energy over the course of a year. This paper focuses on the utilization of this captured solar energy transformed into electricity to serve all electrical devices that equip a portable solar classroom. The load profile for this classroom was selected based on the power requirements of an average classroom and basic educational technologies. A parametric study was done using software that specializes in simulating renewable energy solutions (HOMER). Various alternatives for the same load profile are compared and a cost analysis and comparison between alternatives is presented. The practicality of the project is evaluated and a suitable Hybrid power system is presented.
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Hallstedt, Sophie, Anthony W. Thompson, Ola Isaksson, Tobias C. Larsson, and Henrik Ny. "A Decision Support Approach for Modeling Sustainability Consequences in an Aerospace Value Chain." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12975.
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Next generation jet engine technologies are typically driven by performance, value and environmental challenges, and appropriate technologies are developed in international research programs. One on-going engine component technology project at an aerospace component manufacturer aims to develop an engine with less fuel consumption. A likely consequence is higher pressure in the core engine, which leads to higher temperature. One way to handle the higher temperature is using a more advanced Ti-alloy for the product component, which will render a different sustainability profile. One weakness in current decision situations is the inability to clarify and understand the “value” and “sustainability” implications compared to e.g. performance features of concepts. Both “value” and “sustainability” include a rich set of features important for successful introduction of new products and product-service solutions to the market. The purpose with this research is to provide decision support for companies in early development phases for assessment of value and sustainability consequences over product-service system lifecycles. A workshop was held with the aerospace component manufacturer and a value chain partner focusing on material handling, to: i) get a better understanding of activities, flows and ownership related to the studied materials at the two companies, ii) to understand the companies’ perspective at new suggested scenarios with regard to these materials, and iii) define relevant scenarios to look into more in depth from a sustainability and value perspective. Three different scenarios were developed with differences in ownership, responsibilities and value streams. It is therefore essential to be able to quickly assess and optimize consequences of such alternative scenarios. Based on the workshop experiences and scenarios, a modeling and simulation approach to assess sustainability and value consequences for the scenarios is proposed. The sustainability consequences are based on a sustainability life cycle assessment and a risk assessment. Key features of the proposed tool include: consideration of the time dimension, societal sustainability consequences, risk assessment, company value assessment, and cost/revenue perspectives.
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Kerzhner, Aleksandr A., and Christiaan J. J. Paredis. "A Mathematical Programming-Based Approach for Architecture Selection." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71025.
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Modern systems are difficult to design because there are a significant number of potential alternatives to consider. The specification of an alternative includes an architecture (which describes the components and connections of the system) and component sizings (the sizing parameter for each component). In current practice, designers rely mainly on their experience and intuition to select a desired architecture without much computational support and then spend most of their effort on optimizing component sizings. In this paper, an approach for representing an architecture selection as a mixed-integer linear programming optimization is presented; existing solvers are then used to identify promising candidate architectures at early stages of the design process. Mathematical programming is a common optimization technique, but it is rarely used for architecture selection because of the difficulty of manually formulating an architecture selection as a mathematical program. In this paper, the formulation is presented in a modular fashion so that model transformations can be applied to transform a problem formulation that is convenient for designers into the mathematical programming optimization. A modular superstructure representation is used to model the design space; in a superstructure a union of all potential architectures is represented as a set of discrete and continuous variables. Algebraic constraints are added to describe both acceptable variable combinations and system behavior to allow the solver to eliminate clearly poor alternatives and identify promising alternatives. The framework is demonstrated on the selection of an actuation subsystem for a hydraulic excavator, although the solution approach would be similar for most mechanical systems.
Reports on the topic "Alternative solutions of support systems"
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Lasko, Kristofer, and Sean Griffin. Monitoring Ecological Restoration with Imagery Tools (MERIT) : Python-based decision support tools integrated into ArcGIS for satellite and UAS image processing, analysis, and classification. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40262.
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Monitoring the impacts of ecosystem restoration strategies requires both short-term and long-term land surface monitoring. The combined use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and satellite imagery enable effective landscape and natural resource management. However, processing, analyzing, and creating derivative imagery products can be time consuming, manually intensive, and cost prohibitive. In order to provide fast, accurate, and standardized UAS and satellite imagery processing, we have developed a suite of easy-to-use tools integrated into the graphical user interface (GUI) of ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro as well as open-source solutions using NodeOpenDroneMap. We built the Monitoring Ecological Restoration with Imagery Tools (MERIT) using Python and leveraging third-party libraries and open-source software capabilities typically unavailable within ArcGIS. MERIT will save US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) districts significant time in data acquisition, processing, and analysis by allowing a user to move from image acquisition and preprocessing to a final output for decision-making with one application. Although we designed MERIT for use in wetlands research, many tools have regional or global relevancy for a variety of environmental monitoring initiatives.
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Foltz, Stuart, and Daniel Hooks. Lock operation improvements. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40402.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) owns or operates 236 locks at 191 sites (HQUSACE 2016). Although the locks at these sites generally perform reliably, more than half of these structures have surpassed their 50-year economic design life and as such, there are increasing concerns about their continued safe, reliable operation. This work was undertaken to review lock operating equipment, maintenance practices, records pertaining to accidents and equipment failures, and lighting systems; to identify alternative improvements to equipment and equipment maintenance practices; and to analyze and compare those alternatives to determine and recommend optimal solutions. This report documents some lessons learned, primarily to share information that others might find useful. Note that the recommendations in this report should not be viewed as policy, although some might be considered by those creating policy.
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Baloch, Imdad, Tom Kaye, Saalim Koomar, and Chris McBurnie. Pakistan Topic Brief: Providing Distance Learning to Hard-to-reach Children. EdTech Hub, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0026.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in mass school closures across the world. It is expected that the closures in low- and -middle-income countries (LMICs) will have long-term negative consequences on education and also on broader development outcomes. Countries face a number of obstacles to effectively delivering alternative forms of education. Obstacles include limited experience in facing such challenges, limited teacher digital and pedagogical capacity, and infrastructure constraints related to power and connectivity. Furthermore, inequalities in learning outcomes are expected to widen within LMICs due to the challenges of implementing alternative modes of education in remote, rural or marginalised communities. It is expected that the most marginalised children will feel the most substantial negative impacts on their learning outcomes. Educational technology (EdTech) has been identified as a possible solution to address the acute impact of school closures through its potential to provide distance education. In this light, the DFID Pakistan team requested the EdTech Hub develop a topic brief exploring the use of EdTech to support distance learning in Pakistan. Specifically, the team requested the brief explore ways to provide distance education to children in remote rural areas and urban slums. The DFID team also requested that the EdTech Hub explore the different needs of those who have previously been to school in comparison to those who have never enrolled, with reference to EdTech solutions. In order to address these questions, this brief begins with an overview of the Pakistan education landscape. The second section of the brief explores how four modes of alternative education — TV, interactive radio instruction, mobile phones and online learning — can be used to provide alternative education to marginalised groups in Pakistan. Multimodal distance-learning approaches offer the best means of providing education to heterogeneous, hard-to-reach groups. Identifying various tools that can be deployed to meet the needs of specific population segments is an important part of developing a robust distance-learning approach. With this in mind, this section highlights examples of tools that could be used in Pakistan to support a multimodal approach that reaches the most hard-to-reach learners. The third and final section synthesises the article’s findings, presenting recommendations to inform Pakistan’s COVID-19 education response.<br> <br> This topic brief is available on Google Docs.
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Nixon, Jonathan, Rembrandt Koppelaar, Sandy Robinson, and Heaven Crawley. Humanitarian energy interventions: the need and opportunities for systematic decision-making. Coventry University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/heed/2021/0001.
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This briefing paper highlights the potential benefits of humanitarian decision-making tools through the application of a decision support tool developed as part of the EPSRC-funded Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement (HEED) project led by Coventry University in partnership with Practical Action and Scene Connect. HEED draws upon social science and engineering expertise to better understand energy needs and identify solutions which produce socio-technical systems that encourage community resilience and capacity building.
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Baker, Justin S., George Van Houtven, Yongxia Cai, Fekadu Moreda, Chris Wade, Candise Henry, Jennifer Hoponick Redmon, and A. J. Kondash. A Hydro-Economic Methodology for the Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Valuation and Optimization of Water Resources. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0044.2105.
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Growing global water stress caused by the combined effects of growing populations, increasing economic development, and climate change elevates the importance of managing and allocating water resources in ways that are economically efficient and that account for interdependencies between food production, energy generation, and water networks—often referred to as the “food-energy-water (FEW) nexus.” To support these objectives, this report outlines a replicable hydro-economic methodology for assessing the value of water resources in alternative uses across the FEW nexus–including for agriculture, energy production, and human consumption—and maximizing the benefits of these resources through optimization analysis. The report’s goal is to define the core elements of an integrated systems-based modeling approach that is generalizable, flexible, and geographically portable for a range of FEW nexus applications. The report includes a detailed conceptual framework for assessing the economic value of water across the FEW nexus and a modeling framework that explicitly represents the connections and feedbacks between hydrologic systems (e.g., river and stream networks) and economic systems (e.g., food and energy production). The modeling components are described with examples from existing studies and applications. The report concludes with a discussion of current limitations and potential extensions of the hydro-economic methodology.
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Doo, Johnny. Unsettled Issues Concerning eVTOL for Rapid-response, On-demand Firefighting. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021017.
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Recent advancements of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry, and many novel applications have been identified and are in development. One promising application for these innovative systems is in firefighting, with eVTOL aircraft complementing current firefighting capabilities to help save lives and reduce fire-induced damages. With increased global occurrences and scales of wildfires—not to mention the issues firefighters face during urban and rural firefighting operations daily—eVTOL technology could offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility capabilities to counter these challenges. Early detection and suppression of wildfires could prevent many fires from becoming large-scale disasters. eVTOL aircraft may not have the capacity of larger aerial assets for firefighting, but targeted suppression, potentially in swarm operations, could be valuable. Most importantly, on-demand aerial extraction of firefighters can be a crucial benefit during wildfire control operations. Aerial firefighter dispatch from local fire stations or vertiports can result in more effective operations, and targeted aerial fire suppression and civilian extraction from high-rise buildings could enhance capabilities significantly. There are some challenges that need to be addressed before the identified capabilities and benefits are realized at scale, including the development of firefighting-specific eVTOL vehicles; sense and avoid capabilities in complex, smoke-inhibited environments; autonomous and remote operating capabilities; charging system compatibility and availability; operator and controller training; dynamic airspace management; and vehicle/fleet logistics and support. Acceptance from both the first-responder community and the general public is also critical for the successful implementation of these new capabilities. The purpose of this report is to identify the benefits and challenges of implementation, as well as some of the potential solutions. Based on the rapid development progress of eVTOL aircraft and infrastructures with proactive community engagement, it is envisioned that these challenges can be addressed soon. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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The cassava seed system in Nigeria: Opportunities and challenges for policy and regulatory reform. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20202.
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In many African countries south of the Sahara, farmers depend on the cultivation of vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) for both consumption and commercial purposes. Yet yields for these crops remain at low levels due, in part, to the persistent use of low-quality planting material. Efforts to improve the quality of planting material exchanged in markets or through other channels are often hampered by the unique biological and economic characteristics of vegetative propagation—characteristics that distinguish VPCs from the major cereal crops that drive and shape the policy and investment choices made in many of these countries. This suggests that continued investment in new technologies and systems to produce, package, and distribute VPC planting materials will require customized policies and policy support if these systems are to supply farmers with quality planting material at any significant and sustained scale. This paper explores these issues in the context of the cassava seed system in Nigeria by drawing on (1) prior research, public policy documents, and government statistics; (2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions with seed system actors; and (3) a unique dataset from the 2015 Cassava Monitoring Survey of Nigeria (CMS). The paper examines the production and supply of cassava planting material, the influence of various quality assurance systems on production and supply, and the implications for smallholder farmers in Nigeria. We describe the market, non-market, and regulatory systems that shape the cassava seed market in Nigeria, focusing on effectiveness, influence, and reach. We then explore the ground realities—how farmers actually acquire and use cassava planting material—given the (weak) state of markets and regulation. This is followed by a discussion of alternative policy and regulatory approaches to managing and expanding the cassava seed system, emphasizing a more decentralized approach that prioritizes investment in innovative capacity at the community and enterprise levels.