To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Alternative sources of proteins and protected area.
Journal articles on the topic 'Alternative sources of proteins and protected area'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Alternative sources of proteins and protected area.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ebua, Valentine Buh, Simon Awafor Tamungang, Tsi Evaristus Agwafo, and Sylvie Nguedem Fonkwo. "Impact of Livelihood Improvement on the Conservation of Large Mammals in the Bakossi Landscape, South West Cameroon." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (2013): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.1.102712164.
Full textAbstract:
Large mammals at least the sizes of duikers are greatly affected by anthropogenic activities in the Bakossi landscape area. The improvement of the livelihood of indigenous population around and within protected areas can be of immense important to wildlife conservationists who want to succeed in their efforts or approaches of conserving large mammals in the landscape. A duration of one year of monitoring large mammals abundance and densities, and human activities have shown that, if those who live around protected areas are provided with alternative sources of proteins to rear or farm, this can boost wildlife conservation. It has also shown that hunting and agriculture are the most dangerous causes of wildlife declines because of a ready consumable market of bush meat in big towns and also due to land use dispute because of a growing human population that needs space for socio-economic activities and large mammals that want to forage. Alternative sources of proteins like Pigs, cane rat and goat rearing, snail and bee farming etc provide enough income than hunting and encroachment into protected areas for bush meat and farming. We strongly recommend livelihood improvement through the provision of alternative sources of proteins in the Bakossi landscape to ease large mammal’s conservation.
2
Wilkie, David S., and Julia F. Carpenter. "The potential role of safari hunting as a source of revenue for protected areas in the Congo Basin." Oryx 33, no. 4 (1999): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00079.x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn sub-Saharan Africa conservation of biodiversity is increasingly predicated on finding ways to ensure that the economic value of maintaining a landscape in its ‘natural’ state meets or exceeds the expected returns from converting the area to an alternative land use, such as agriculture. ‘Wildlands’ in Africa must generate, directly or from donor contributions, funds sufficient to cover both the operating costs of conservation, and the opportunity costs of forgoing other forms of resource use. Government and donor investments currently meet less than 30 per cent of the estimated recurring costs required to manage the protected-area network within central African countries effectively, and cover none of the growing opportunity costs incurred to maintain protected areas. Unfortunately, few additional sources of funding are available.
3
Yimam, Mohammed, Martina Andreini, Sara Carnevale, and Maurizio Muscaritoli. "Postprandial Aminoacidemia Following the Ingestion of Alternative and Sustainable Proteins in Humans: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 17, no. 2 (2025): 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020211.
Full textAbstract:
There is a pressing need to expand the production and consumption of alternative protein sources from plants, fungi, insects, and algae from both nutritional and sustainability perspectives. It is well known that the postprandial rise in plasma amino acid concentrations and subsequent muscle anabolic response is greater after the ingestion of animal-derived protein sources, such as dairy, meat, and eggs, than plant-based proteins. However, emerging evidence shows that a similar muscle anabolic response is observed—despite a lower and slower postprandial aminoacidemia—after the ingestion of alternative protein sources compared with animal-derived protein sources. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of plasma amino acid kinetics after the ingestion of alternative protein sources would play a significant role in recognizing and identifying the anabolic properties of these protein sources, allowing for the implementation of the best nutritional intervention strategies, contributing to more sustainable food production, and developing new medical nutritional products with optimal impacts on muscle mass, strength, and function, both in terms of health and disease. Therefore, this narrative review is focused on postprandial amino acid kinetics (the area under the curve, peak, and time to reach the peak concentration of amino acids) based on experimental randomized controlled trials performed in young and older adults following the ingestion of different novel, sustainable, and alternative protein sources.
4
Hadi, Joshua, and Gale Brightwell. "Safety of Alternative Proteins: Technological, Environmental and Regulatory Aspects of Cultured Meat, Plant-Based Meat, Insect Protein and Single-Cell Protein." Foods 10, no. 6 (2021): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061226.
Full textAbstract:
Food security and environmental issues have become global crises that need transformative solutions. As livestock production is becoming less sustainable, alternative sources of proteins are urgently required. These include cultured meat, plant-based meat, insect protein and single-cell protein. Here, we describe the food safety aspects of these novel protein sources, in terms of their technological backgrounds, environmental impacts and the necessary regulatory framework for future mass-scale production. Briefly, cultured meat grown in fetal bovine serum-based media can be exposed to viruses or infectious prion, in addition to other safety risks associated with the use of genetic engineering. Plant-based meat may contain allergens, anti-nutrients and thermally induced carcinogens. Microbiological risks and allergens are the primary concerns associated with insect protein. Single-cell protein sources are divided into microalgae, fungi and bacteria, all of which have specific food safety risks that include toxins, allergens and high ribonucleic acid (RNA) contents. The environmental impacts of these alternative proteins can mainly be attributed to the production of growth substrates or during cultivation. Legislations related to novel food or genetic modification are the relevant regulatory framework to ensure the safety of alternative proteins. Lastly, additional studies on the food safety aspects of alternative proteins are urgently needed for providing relevant food governing authorities with sufficient data to oversee that the technological progress in this area is balanced with robust safety standards.
5
García-Segovia, Purificación, Marta Igual, and Javier Martínez-Monzó. "Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Bread Enriched with Alternative Proteins." Foods 9, no. 7 (2020): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070933.
Full textAbstract:
A projected global population growth by 2050 and climate change crises have led to increasing demand in edible protein sources; thus, scientific research and food industries are searching for alternatives. In this study, we investigated the incorporation of plant- and insect-based protein sources in wheat-based formulations. The Alveographic properties of dough and the effects on bread physicochemical and sensory characteristics were analysed. Including pea protein or insect powder improved the nutritional value, increasing protein content, but influenced the dough and bread properties. Pea protein significantly increased the dough extensibility (L), tenacity (P), and their ratio (P/L) in dough with insect blends and the control. Bread texture properties were significantly affected by the addition of pea and insect flour. Higher amounts of pea protein incorporation increased hardness values and showed a mean cell area lower than the control bread. Crust colour analysis showed significant differences concerning the control bread, while crumb colour was affected by the flour colour. Word association analysis showed insect bread was associated with an emotional dimension, wheat bread was linked with “tradition”, and pea bread was associated with “fruit and vegetable”.
6
Gardner, Charlie J., Firengea U. L. Gabriel, Freya A. V. St. John, and Zoe G. Davies. "Changing livelihoods and protected area management: a case study of charcoal production in south-west Madagascar." Oryx 50, no. 3 (2015): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605315000071.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractProtected areas are usually conceived and managed as static entities, although this approach is increasingly viewed as unrealistic given climate change and ecosystem dynamics. The ways in which people use land and/or natural resources within and around protected areas can also shift and evolve temporally but this remains an under-acknowledged challenge for protected area managers. Here we investigate the factors driving a rapid rise in charcoal production within a new, multiple-use protected area in Madagascar, to inform appropriate management responses. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 208 charcoal producers to ascertain the mix of livelihood activities they practised in 2010/2011 and 5 years previously. Respondents had diversified their livelihood activities over time, and cultivation and pastoralism had decreased as primary sources of revenue. Reasons for the growing reliance on charcoal production include the reduced viability of alternative livelihoods (primarily farming), as a result of changing rainfall patterns and the loss of irrigation infrastructure, as well as a growing need for cash to support themselves and their families. Our results suggest that charcoal production is not a desirable activity but a safety net when times are difficult. Conservation efforts to ameliorate underlying factors driving livelihood change, such as dam restoration, could reduce the prevalence of charcoal production, but simultaneous action to cut demand is also required. We recommend that mechanisms to detect, understand and respond to social change are integrated systematically into protected area management planning, alongside traditional biodiversity monitoring.
7
McClements, David Julian, Jiakai Lu, and Lutz Grossmann. "Proposed Methods for Testing and Comparing the Emulsifying Properties of Proteins from Animal, Plant, and Alternative Sources." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 2 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6020019.
Full textAbstract:
The food industry is trying to reformulate many of its products to replace functional ingredients that are chemically synthesized or isolated from animal sources (such as meat, fish, eggs, or milk) with ingredients derived from plant or microbial sources. This effort is largely a result of the demand for foods that are better for the environment, human health, and animal welfare. Many new kinds of plant- or microbial-derived proteins are being isolated for potential utilization as functional ingredients by the food industry. A major challenge in this area is the lack of standardized methods to measure and compare the functional performance of proteins under conditions they might be used in food applications. This information is required to select the most appropriate protein for each application. In this article, we discuss the physicochemical principles of emulsifier functionality and then present a series of analytical tests that can be used to quantify the ability of proteins to form and stabilize emulsions. These tests include methods for characterizing the effectiveness of the proteins to promote the formation and stability of the small droplets generated during homogenization, as well as their ability to stabilize the droplets against aggregation under different conditions (e.g., pH, ionic composition, temperature, and shearing). This information should be useful to the food industry when it is trying to identify alternative proteins to replace existing emulsifiers in specific food applications.
8
Enukwa, Ettagbor Hans, Elvise Ngome Kome, and Mbuh Moses Kuma. "Influence of Anthropogenic Factors on Forest Resources Exploitation and Utilization in the Bakossi Landscape." Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 11, no. 2 (2025): 16–31. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2025/v11i2383.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out to investigate how human factors affect forest resources exploitation and utilization. The study therefore aimed at identifying the level of pressure put on different forest resources as a result of human activities. It was conducted in thirty-four (34) communities that share a direct boundary with the Bakossi National Park (BNP). Focus group discussions were held with selected resource users from each village within a cluster. Selected members were those who have lived in the area for a very long period of time, have adequate knowledge on the area especially on the exploitation of forest resources, and are actively exploiting forest resources in the area. Interviews were also done with key resource persons, and direct observations were conducted in the study areas. The participatory rural appraisal method as well as participatory diagnostic method were adopted to ease assessment of the collection and importance of NTFPs in the area. In 75% of the study area, it was noticed that a higher percentage of the NTFPs are harvested outside the park (NE 50%; SE 54% and SW 54.2%), followed by that exploited both inside and out of the park (NE 41.7%; SE 37.5% and SW 37.5%). Contrarily, in the NW cluster, a higher percentage of NTFPs are harvested both inside the park and out of the park (93.3%), whereas only 6.7% is exploited strictly out of the park alone. The NW cluster is the most enclaved of the four clusters, thus higher rate of NTFP exploitation in this area inside the and out of the park could be due to the fact that there is limited law enforcement and inadequate awareness of the people on activities prohibited in a protected area in this area. More than 80% of NTFPs exploited is for commercial purpose, due to limited alternative sources of income. The presence of bush meat markets makes poaching higher in the NW and SW clusters, while timber exploitation is higher in areas with good road network. The provision of alternative sources of livelihoods, and provision of improved varieties of forest resources to be cultivated in farmlands will reduce pressure on forest resources especially in protected areas. It is also imperative to develop and implement access rights strategy for forest resources with effective monitoring and evaluation. Also, disenclaving remote areas will ease law enforcement which will create conservation awareness in communities.
9
Mahfuz-Ur-Rahman, Md, and Tanmoy Dey. "Challenges of Conserving and Co-Managing Khadimnagar National Park and Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest in Bangladesh." Journal of Forests 8, no. 2 (2021): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.101.2021.82.171.181.
Full textAbstract:
National Parks are protected areas conserving all types of flora, fauna and their habitats regardless of generic diversification. In Bangladesh, protected area managers face difficulties to conserve these areas. This study is formulated to find out those existing difficulties against effective co-management of natural resources based on the local people’s perception. A purposive sampling is followed by a semi-structured interview to gather data from the field level of Khadimnagar National Park and Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest from September 2019 to December 2019 by interviewing 100 local people for RFWSF and KNP on the basis of a qualitative research method. Both inhabitants and the Forest Department are found to be responsible for inhibiting the effective management of the subjected areas meanwhile difficulties related to motivation, cordiality, alternative job generation, financial support to management authority, tourism management and resource extraction from forests mainly prevail. To ensure substantial sustainability, both of the actors should come forward to find out a way to get rid of this devastation and to ameliorate the socio-economic condition of these areas. Arranging more conferences to raise motivation, awareness about the forest offenses and generating alternative sources of income can be counted as a strategy to reduce pressure on both forests.
10
Randriamady, Hervet J., Seollee Park, Danamona Andrianarimanana, Abdy Berobia, and Christopher D. Golden. "The effect of conservation policies on wildlife hunting and consumption in north-eastern Madagascar." Environmental Conservation 48, no. 3 (2021): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000217.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe Makira Natural Park (Makira) is the largest terrestrial protected area in Madagascar, supporting nearly 200,000 people living around the park, who derive a significant proportion of their animal-source foods from hunting. Makira is currently managed with three different policies: (1) traditional management with no external assistance; (2) community-based forest management (Gestion Contractualisée des Forêts; GCF) with non-governmental support and externally developed policies; and (3) strict external management policies (Zone d’Occupation Controlée; ZOC), meaning a zone of controlled residence for communities inside the core protected area. Here, we longitudinally assess the impacts of these policies on wildlife hunting and consumption by using a difference-in-differences method to evaluate policy efficacy. We found that externally developed conservation policies led to drastically reduced wildlife hunting and consumption in Makira. We also found that public education in the form of environmental awareness-raising, conducted 1 year before adoption, led to a greater concealment of hunting behaviours. Overall, wildlife hunting and consumption have decreased in the Makira region since the adoption of GCF and ZOC policies and could be effective at reducing the unsustainable wildlife hunting across the Makira, particularly when supported by economic development and the creation of alternative sources of livelihood and food.
11
Stachura, Tomasz, Wiktor Halecki, Dawid Bedla, and Krzysztof Chmielowski. "Spatial Solar Energy Potential of Photovoltaic Panels Surrounded by Protected Mountain Ranges." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 32, no. 4 (2022): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2022-0045.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract High growth of human population and dynamic socio-economic development have contributed to mounting demand for electric energy. Currently, electric energy is mainly generated from mined and combusted fossil fuels and by the nuclear power plants. The current geopolitical crisis forces mankind to reflect upon the search for alternative energy sources. In this paper analyses of the potential solar radiation volume for 12 months and annual total have been made and visualized on the maps. Additionally, the energy volume gained by the photovoltaic systems in a 12-month period and the annual total as well as underutilised solar radiation energy were calculated. It was found that the tested sites had a solar potential in the range from 113 kWh·m−2 to 1314 kWh·m−2. For process reasons, only 18 to 203 kWh·m−2 could be converted into electric energy, which accounts approximately for 1/5 of the total radiation. The results can be useful to show the best investment site for commercial plants and households in the mountainous area. Surplus energy output should be stored or sold to the power grid. Moreover, the energy source from photovoltaic panels in these areas is only one of the options for green energy generation.
12
Gai, Chiara, Margherita Alba Carlotta Pomatto, Maria Chiara Deregibus, Marco Dieci, Alessandro Piga, and Giovanni Camussi. "Edible Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Oral mRNA Vaccine Delivery." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (2024): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020200.
Full textAbstract:
Nucleic acid delivery through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a well-preserved evolutionary mechanism in all life kingdoms including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and plants. EVs naturally allow horizontal transfer of native as well as exogenous functional mRNAs, which once incorporated in EVs are protected from enzymatic degradation. This observation has prompted researchers to investigate whether EVs from different sources, including plants, could be used for vaccine delivery. Several studies using human or bacterial EVs expressing mRNA or recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins showed induction of a humoral and cell mediated immune response. Moreover, EV-based vaccines presenting the natural configuration of viral antigens have demonstrated advantages in conferring long-lasting immunization and lower toxicity than synthetic nanoparticles. Edible plant-derived EVs were shown to be an alternative to human EVs for vaccine delivery, especially via oral administration. EVs obtained from orange juice (oEVs) loaded with SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs protected their cargo from enzymatic degradation, were stable at room temperature for one year, and were able to trigger a SARS-CoV-2 immune response in mice. Lyophilized oEVs containing the S1 mRNA administered to rats via gavage induced a specific humoral immune response with generation of blocking antibodies, including IgA and Th1 lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, mRNA-containing oEVs could be used for developing new oral vaccines due to optimal mucosal absorption, resistance to stress conditions, and ability to stimulate a humoral and cellular immune response.
13
Yumatov, E. N., and E. G. Evlagina. "Comparative production and economic indicators of traditional and alternative animal protein production systems: broiler chickens, mealworm and silkworm." Agrarian science, no. 4 (May 20, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-358-4-26-33.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. A significant number of new projects have been implemented in the last decade in the segment of alternative protein sources used as feed or food ingredients. New ventures receive significant investments from the largest global companies and foundations, that believe insect protein has the highest potential of all other sources of protein. In addition to the main reasons for the usage of alternative proteins, which are demographics and climate changes, other reasons include higher nutritional value and sustainability, smaller ecological footprint, more profitable industrial production in comparison to animal husbandry and aquaculture. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance and economic indicators of the most efficient traditional production system for obtaining animal protein, which is poultry farming (in particular, the production of poultry meat breeds of broilers, Gallus gallus) with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), that is cultivated in the EU mainly to obtain a high-protein ingredient used as an alternative to fishmeal in animal feed and aquaculture, and silkworm (Bombyx mori) which is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, India, Brazil, but hardly considered in the Russian Federation, US, and EU as an alternative source of animal protein.Methods. Collection and analysis of public data: information presented in research papers, recommendations from scientific organizations, available commercial information and news publications that help identify data for comparative analysis of production systems. The research methodology is based on a theoretical approach using methods of analysis, induction, deduction, comparison, generalization, and synthesis.Results. Bombyx mori can be viewed as a preferred alternative to traditional protein sources based on a combination of performance and economic indicators such as productive efficiency, production yield per 1 m2 the of feeding area, number of production cycles per year. According to these indicators, it is comparable or superior to Broiler chicken.
14
Baş Aksoy, Ayşen, and Sedef Nehir El. "Geleceğin Protein Kaynağı Yenilebilir Böcekler." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2021): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i5.887-896.4166.
Full textAbstract:
Considering of the increasing world population, the researchers are aware that protein sources may not be sufficient and focused on new protein sources. For this reason, the potential of edible insects to be used directly or as an ingredient in food has started to draw attention. Edible insects have been consumed as traditional food in Africa, Asia and South America for many years. However, especially in European countries, consumers have a negative attitude towards the consumption of insects as food. Edible insects are food sources with less negative environmental impact compared to traditional animal protein sources. In addition to consuming less resources such as cultivation area, water, energy and feed, low greenhouse gas production is important for the sustainable features of the ecological system. Edible insects can be considered as a sustainable alternative food source because of their high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Research on nutritional properties shows that edible insects can be a solution both in meeting global food demand and preventing of malnutrition. In this review, edible insects were evaluated in terms of their nutritional properties.
15
Wangalwa, Rapheal, Eunice Apio Olet, Grace Kagoro-Rugunda, Casim Umba Tolo, Patrick E. Ogwang, and Bernard Barasa. "GIS-BASED LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR EX-SITU PRODUCTION OF THREATENED Citropsis articulata IN UGANDA." Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, no. 2 (2021): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2021.101.111.
Full textAbstract:
Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) is a potent medicinal plant that is increasingly threatened by unsustainable harvesting and habitat destruction due to deforestation. This calls for enhancement of ex-situ conservation of C. articulata through offsite production. However, the success of offsite production of this species heavily rests on precisely assessing the suitability of the land for its production. In this study, an integrated GIS based multi-criteria evaluation approach was used to depict suitable areas for production of C. articulata based on key factors of; climate, soil and topography. Results revealed that only 13.04% (31495.77 km2) of Uganda’s land is very suitable to support natural production of C. articulata and is mainly situated in the western and central regions. Findings further revealed that 76.4% (24062.77 km2) of very suitable land area is situated outside protected areas, thus implying availability of potential sites for ex-situ and commercial production of C. articulata in the country. Findings also indicated that C. articulata has potential of thriving in well drained, moderately acidic soils and pleasantly warm regions endowed with moderately high precipitation and humidity. Since current stocks of C. articulata are mainly restricted to protected areas, cultivating this species will provide alternative sources of the plant harvest. This will help to relieve current pressures on the wild populations of C. articulata, thus providing a safety backup to the current in-situ conservation efforts.
16
Soyelu, O. J., R. M. Oyerinde, B. O. Odu, and R. E. Okonji. "Effect of Fungal Infection on Defence Proteins of Musca domestica L. and Variation of Virulence with Temperature." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 3 (2020): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i3.12.
Full textAbstract:
With the current global drive for alternative control measures that are safer in comparison to synthetic insecticides, it was considered necessary to assess some fungal entomopathogens for efficacy against the house fly, Musca domestica. The effect of fungal infection on activity of two detoxification enzymes (esterase [EST] and glutathione-S-transferase [GST]) was determined in the laboratory. Effect of temperature on progression of mycosis was also investigated between 15 and 35℃ to determine the optimum temperature necessary for successful fungal infection. Two Beauveria bassiana strains (ARSEF 1564 and ARSEF 8891), Metarhizium robertsii (ARSEF 1057) and M. anisopliae s.s. (ARSEF 5471) were evaluated in this study as potential sources of mycoinsecticide formulations. The fungal strains infected larval and adult house flies successfully by inhibiting activity of EST and GST with a concomitant insect mortality of > 90%. A significantly higher number of dead specimens (80-100%) had fungal growth between 20 and 25℃ with a noticeable level of mycosis also at 30℃. The evaluated fungal strains showed good insecticidal efficacy and could, therefore, serve as good sources of mycoinsecticide formulations against house fly. If this area of biological control is well explored it would reduce reliance on synthetic insecticide formulations.
 Keywords: Defence proteins, house fly mortality, mycosis, optimum temperature
17
Clementini, Eliseo, Roberto Patrizi, Marco Santic, and Carlo Villante. "A GeoSpatial Information System for Photovoltaic Plants Development and Monitoring." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W10-2024 (May 31, 2024): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w10-2024-45-2024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Photovoltaic (PV) energy production is supposed to hugely increase during current and next decades. PV plants of any extension, technology and power are supposed to be developed and monitored, with the awareness that monitoring phase lasts around 25 years. One of the major challenges of PV plant industry is to choose suitable sites for plant installation and optimal configuration to maximize energy production. In fact, not all places are suitable for solar energy generation, due to several factors, like environmental factors (e.g., solar radiation, wind, shading), technical factors (e.g., distance from the distribution line), economic factors (e.g., development of local economies), and social/political factors (e.g., public acceptance, protected areas). We propose to address the problem of solar PV site selection using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach together with geographic information system (GIS) software to determine the most suitable area or alternative, both in case of rural environments and smart city installations. The resulting framework, highly-integrated with several EU sources and initiatives, can be used for crucial steps in PV plants lifecycle, from initial design to monitoring and maintenance.
18
Dhanwatey, Harshawardhan S., Joanne C. Crawford, Leandro A. S. Abade, Poonam H. Dhanwatey, Clayton K. Nielsen, and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri. "Large carnivore attacks on humans in central India: a case study from the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve." Oryx 47, no. 2 (2013): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001803.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe examined human and ecological attributes of attacks by tigers Panthera tigris and leopards Panthera pardus on humans in and around the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve in the Chandrapur District of central India to provide recommendations to prevent or mitigate conflicts between people and large carnivores. During 2005–2011 132 carnivore attacks on humans occurred, 71 (54%) of which were lethal to humans. Tigers and leopards were responsible for 78% and 22% of attacks, respectively. Significantly more victims were attacked while collecting minor forest products than during other activities. Probability of attack significantly decreased with increasing distance from forests and villages, and attacks occurred most frequently in the forested north-eastern corridor of the study area. Human activities near the Reserve need to be regulated and limited as much as possible to reduce human mortality and other conflicts. Increasing access to alternative fuel sources (e.g. biogas, solar) may reduce the pressure of timber harvesting on protected areas. Residents should be trained in identifying carnivore sign and in ways to reduce their vulnerability when working outdoors.
19
Satchanska, G., and A. Doycheva. "Antimicrobial Peptides in Human Seminal Fluid and Their Action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria." Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica 41, no. 1 (2025): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.59393/amb25410109.
Full textAbstract:
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important part of the innate immune defense not only of hu¬mans. The worldwide increased resistance to currently used antimicrobials resulted in growing interest in alternative antimicrobial agents such as AMPs, both synthetic and isolated from natural sources. Being rich in many antimicrobial peptides and proteins, the human seminal fluid has recently become an object of extensive research. In this case study human seminal fluid samples delivered by a healthy volunteer were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. One-week-old and one-month-old seminal fluid were examined to study the stability of antimicrobial substances in it. The spermatozoa’s concentration, progression, progression type, velocity, and morphology match the WHO Standards and were earlier published. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Ba¬cillus subtilis type strains using the Disc Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. As referent antibacterial substances were used the antibiotics Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Penicillin. Our results showed that both seminal fluid samples - 1 and 2 were both active against Gram-positive and Gram-nega¬tive bacteria but double to quadruple weaker compared to antibiotics. The seminal fluid has shown a com¬mensurable effect on E. coli as this one played by Penicillin. Among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria seminal fluid was more active against Gram-negative ones. Our experiments demonstrated no difference in the activity of one-week and one-month-old seminal fluid, hence the antimicrobial peptides and proteins stayed preserved from degradation, inactivation or were protected from proteases’ activity at least for a month.
20
Brito, Cristina, and Nina Vieira. "Using historical accounts to assess the occurrence and distribution of small cetaceans in a poorly known area." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 8 (2010): 1583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410000585.
Full textAbstract:
Historical science may play an important role in helping understanding and shaping the future of the world's oceans and to comprehend present day effects and conditions. Regarding cetaceans, historical accounts may be extremely useful to add new data to their occurrence and distribution in poorly studied regions. In Portugal, historical sources indicate that toninhas (possibly common dolphins Delphinus delphis) were observed since the 13th Century and were captured in large numbers during the late 19th and 20th Centuries. Historical occurrences given by naturalists and scientific surveys conducted by biologists indicate their regular presence with particular preference for certain areas. Also, recent observations of opportunity resulted in the same kind of accounts. Between 1976 and 1978, a study on captured cetaceans along the Portuguese shore found at fish markets was conducted and resulted in a total count of 45 cetaceans. Most captures were of small cetaceans (87% common dolphins), even though four baleen whales were registered. These cetacean captures were part of a local non-industrial fishery, as they were not the main target, but rather opportunistic catches or even by-catches of other fisheries. Delphinids were not protected by law at the time and were caught with hand harpoons or accidentally drowned in fish nets, sometimes sold at major fish markets such as Sesimbra, Peniche and Póvoa de Varzim. In geographical areas where recent cetacean sightings are rare and information is sparse, such as Portugal, it becomes important to take advantage of alternative sources of data. Our contribution towards the compilation of relevant historical and ‘forgotten’ science such as old natural observations, whaling data and observations of opportunity stresses the relevance of using historical data to access past occurrence and distribution of cetaceans.
21
Malamassam, Daud, Mustika, and Syamsu Rijal. "Mapping of Energy Needs and Biofuel Producing Potential in the Mamasa Watershed, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1277, no. 1 (2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1277/1/012009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Upper-middle, and high-income countries continue to experience an increase in population, this is followed by an increase not only in food needs but also in energy needs. However, on the other hand, the decline in environmental quality continues to occur, such as a decrease in air and water quality and an increase in critical land. The area that needs attention is the Mamasa watershed ecosystem, the upstream area of the Saddang watershed, a priority watershed for restoration in Indonesia. Supposedly, the Mamasa Watershed should be a protected area, but currently, there are many activities marked by the existence of the center of the Mamasa capital. This study aims to map the community’s energy needs and analyze the potential for alternative fuels in the Mamasa watershed which are expected to be considered for the management of the Mamasa watershed based on the development of alternative energy sources in the future. The research method was carried out using a geographic information system (GIS) supplemented by surveys and literature studies. The survey was conducted through direct interviews with the community to identify the source and quantity of energy, and to analyze its relationship with the socio-economic characteristics of the community using chi-square. Furthermore, analysis of land suitability to identify the potential and directions for biofuel cultivation. The results showed that people in the Mamasa watershed still predominantly use firewood as an energy source. The chi-square test results show a significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their level of energy consumption, except for the number of dependents. The middle and downstream parts of the Mamasa watershed are potential locations for Nyamplung development. As for the middle section, there is potential for Kemiri Sunan, which can meet the community’s need for firewood and has the potential to rehabilitate critical land in the Mamasa watershed.
22
Grdeń, Adam, Halina Kobak, and Bartosz Sołowiej. "Selected unconventional sources of protein and other nutrients." Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality 130, no. 1 (2022): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15193/zntj/2022/130/405.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Nowadays, the world is confronted with the problem of rapid population growth and constraints on food productivity to meet the nutritional needs of all people. Agriculture and the food industry are facing difficulties in increasing food production as natural goods such as cultivable land area, water and electricity are being depleted. One of the most important dietary components that may start to become scarce is protein. Existing protein sources, especially animal protein, are very detrimental to the climate, hence not only new solutions, but also new and more sustainable protein sources must be sought. Results and conclusion: Some possible new protein sources and other nutrients may include edible insects in the form of flour from e.g. the house cricket (Acheta domesticus), marine algae in the form of powdered Spirulina (Arthrosipra platensis), ocean krill e.g. antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), cultured meat or Single Cell Protein (SCP). While these raw materials have not been widely used to date, their composition and nutritional value may seem promising. Each of these sources has its advantages and disadvantages, but considering the high demand for new foods, they should be given more careful attention, especially regarding their use in the food industry. Due to their content of essential amino acids and, in the case of edible insects, complete proteins, they can be an excellent alternative to conventional food sources. Additionally, due to the fact that they are rich in certain compounds, they can become new functional food with a wide range of applications.
23
Pawlikowska-Pawlęga, Bożena, Justyna Kapral-Piotrowska, Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka, et al. "Apigenin targets protein and lipids of HeLa cells and exhibits protective efficacy against oxidative stress." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 80, no. 1 (2023): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/appdr/163049.
Full textAbstract:
Apigenin, non-toxic and non-mutagenic flavonoid, is an alternative to classical drugs that interact with membranes. Hence, the objects of the study were to examine its effects on liposomes made of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) with the use of 1H NMR, four-electrode BLM and EPR techniques, and determine its activity on lipids and proteins of human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells. In addition its protective efficacy against H2O2- induced oxidative shock was investigated. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to study molecular interactions with membrane lipids and proteins of HeLa cells. Microscopic techniques (SEM, light, and fluorescence), flow cytometer analysis, and NR assays were employed to reveal apigenin involvement in apoptosis in different cell conditions. Apigenin affected mainly the region of choline head groups and the hydrophobic core below this area. Simultaneously, the ordering effect was shown. The fingerprint region of lipids in the HeLa cells was found as a target for apigenin. Furthermore, in the amide I and amide II regions, a decrease in β-sheets and an increase in turns, loops, and unordered structures were noted. Apigenin reduced viability of cells and induced apoptosis. SEM observations revealed characteristic changes in morphology of the examined cells. Pretreatment of HeLa cells with apigenin protected them against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by the increase in glutathione content as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. The consequences of molecular changes related to membranes and cancer cells make apigenin a unique and very interesting bio-compound with great significance for medical and biological applications.
24
Afonin, Nikita, Elena Kozlovskaya, Suvi Heinonen, and Stefan Buske. "Near-surface structure of the Sodankylä area in Finland, obtained by passive seismic interferometry." Solid Earth 12, no. 7 (2021): 1563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1563-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Controlled-source seismic exploration surveys are not always possible in nature-protected areas. As an alternative, the application of passive seismic techniques in such areas can be proposed. In our study, we show results of passive seismic interferometry application for mapping the uppermost crust in the area of active mineral exploration in northern Finland. We utilize continuous seismic data acquired by the Sercel Unite wireless multichannel recording system along several profiles during XSoDEx (eXperiment of SOdankylä Deep Exploration) multidisciplinary geophysical project. The objective of XSoDEx was to obtain a structural image of the upper crust in the Sodankylä area of northern Finland in order to achieve a better understanding of the mineral system at depth. The key experiment of the project was a high-resolution seismic reflection experiment. In addition, continuous passive seismic data were acquired in parallel with reflection seismic data acquisition. Due to this, the length of passive data suitable for noise cross-correlation was limited from several hours to a couple of days. Analysis of the passive data demonstrated that dominating sources of ambient noise are non-stationary and have different origins across the XSoDEx study area. As the long data registration period and isotropic azimuthal distribution of noise sources are two major conditions for empirical Green function (EGF) extraction under the diffuse field approximation assumption, it was not possible to apply the conventional techniques of passive seismic interferometry. To find the way to obtain EGFs, we used numerical modelling in order to investigate properties of seismic noise originating from sources with different characteristics and propagating inside synthetic heterogeneous Earth models representing real geological conditions in the XSoDEx study area. The modelling demonstrated that scattering of ballistic waves on irregular shape heterogeneities, such as massive sulfides or mafic intrusions, could produce a diffused wavefield composed mainly of scattered surface waves. In our study, we show that this scattered wavefield can be used to retrieve reliable EGFs from short-term and non-stationary data using special techniques. One of the possible solutions is application of “signal-to-noise ratio stacking” (SNRS). The EGFs calculated for the XSoDEx profiles were inverted, in order to obtain S-wave velocity models down to the depth of 300 m. The obtained velocity models agree well with geological data and complement the results of reflection seismic data interpretation.
25
Shi, Wei-Li, Jun Zhao, Rong Yuan, et al. "Combination of Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Radix Paeonia Promotes Angiogenesis in Ischemic Myocardium through Notch Signalling and Mobilization of Stem Cells." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (February 17, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7912402.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To study the cardioprotective mechanism by which the combination of Chuanxiong (CX) and Chishao (CS) promotes angiogenesis. Methods. Myocardial infarction (MI) mouse models were induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The effects on cardiac function were evaluated in the perindopril tert-butylamine group (PB group) (3 mg/kg/d), CX group (55 mg/kg/d), CS group (55 mg/kg/d), and CX and CS combination (CX-CS) group (27.5 mg/kg/d CX plus 27.5 mg/kg/d CS). RO4929097, an inhibitor of Notch γ secretase, was used (10 mg/kg/d) to explore the role of Notch signalling in the CX-CS-induced promotion of angiogenesis in the myocardial infarcted border zone (IBZ). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and percentage of MI area were evaluated with animal ultrasound and Masson staining. The average optical densities (AODs) of CD31 and vWF in the myocardial IBZ were detected by immunofluorescence. Angiogenesis-related proteins including hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1), Notch1 and Notch intracellular domain (NICD), and stem cell mobilization-related proteins including stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4), and cardiotrophin1 were detected by western blot analysis. Results. Compared with the model group, the CX-CS and PB groups both showed markedly improved LVEF and decreased percentage of MI area after 21 days of treatment. Although the CX group and CS group showed increased LVEF and decreased MI areas compared with the model group, the difference was not significant. The AOD of CD31 in the IBZ in both the model and the CX-CS-I group was markedly reduced compared with that in the sham group. CX-CS significantly increased the CD31 AOD in the IBZ and decreased the AODs of CD31 and vWF in the infarct zone compared with those in the model group. The expression of HIF-1α in both the model group and the CX-CS group was higher than that in the sham group. Compared with the model group, the expression of FGFR-1, SDF-1, cardiotrophin1, Notch1, and NICD was increased in the CX-CS group. Notch1 and NICD expression in the CX-CS-I group was reduced compared with that in the CX-CS group. Conclusions. The combination of CX and CS protected cardiomyocytes in the IBZ better than CX or CS alone. The mechanism by which CX-CS protects ischemic myocardium may be related to the proangiogenesis effect of CX-CS exerted through Notch signalling and the mobilization of stem cells to the IBZ.
26
Aleksashina, S. A., and V. A. Belozerova. "Usage of alternative plant raw materials in the production of lactic acid food products based on plant proteins." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 1 (April 7, 2025): 6–22. https://doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2025-47-1-6-22.
Full textAbstract:
The review article is dedicated to the analysis of research on the use of alternative plant raw materials in the production of functional food products, with a focus on soybean products. The article discusses the relevance and feasibility of soybean cultivation in Russia, addressing the global issues facing humanity today –namely, ecology and human health. In the context of specialized soybean use, the article examines categories of functional products and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of soy as a raw material for the food industry. Additionally, the article presents an overview of existing research on the impact of soy products on human health. This scientific work aims to provide readers with insights into the potential use of soybean raw materials for creating functional food products and emphasizes the need for further research in this area. The analysis of global and national healthy food markets shows a high consumer interest in dairy products, especially yogurts. These results indicate a promising niche for creating functional products that utilize alternative protein sources, such as soy. Research on the effects of soy on the human body confirms its preventive properties in combating protein deficiency. Furthermore, soy is a valuable source not only of protein but also of lipids, phytoestrogens, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers. Soy processing opens up opportunities for obtaining valuable by-products that can be used in the creation of functional food products. In particular, isoflavones are extracted from soybeans – a group of biologically active substances that positively influence women’s health. Studies indicate that protein levels and textural characteristics affect taste sensations during organoleptic evaluations of food products. However, previous studies have not focused on oat-based yogurts, highlighting the importance of further research in this segment.
27
Mota, Joana, Ana Lima, Ricardo B. Ferreira, and Anabela Raymundo. "Lupin Seed Protein Extract Can Efficiently Enrich the Physical Properties of Cookies Prepared with Alternative Flours." Foods 9, no. 8 (2020): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081064.
Full textAbstract:
Legume proteins can be successfully used in bakery foods, like cookies, to obtain a protein-enriched product. A lupin extract (10 g/100 g) was added to gluten and gluten-free flours from different sources: rice, buckwheat, oat, kamut and spelt. The impact on the physical properties of the dough and cookies was evaluated for the different systems. Rice and buckwheat doughs were 20% firmer and 40% less cohesive than the others. The incorporation of lupin extract had a reduced impact on the shape parameters of the cookies, namely in terms of area and thickness. The texture differed over time and after eight weeks, the oat and buckwheat cookies enriched with lupin extract were significantly firmer than the cookies without lupin. The incorporation of lupin extract induced a certain golden-brown coloring on the cookies, making them more appealing: lightness (L*) values decreased, generally, for the cookies with lupin extract when compared to the controls. The aw and moisture content values were very low for all samples, suggesting a high stability food product. Hence, the addition of lupin extract brought some technological changes in the dough and cookies in all the flours tested but improved the final product quality which aligns with the trends in the food industry.
28
Goddard, Stephen, and Fahad Saleh Ibrahim. "Protein resources and aquafeed development in the Sultanate of Oman." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 20 (January 1, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol20iss0pp47-53.
Full textAbstract:
The continued growth of intensive aquaculture is dependent on the development of sustainable protein sources to replace conventional fish meals in aquafeeds. Practical alternatives are plant-derived protein, protein from micro-organisms and protein from under-utilized marine resources. The challenges are to find alternative ingredients with high protein, suitable amino acid content, high palatability and absence of anti-nutritional factors. There is considerable biotechnology-based research in this area, including genetic modification of plant-based proteins, use of probiotics to enhance digestibility and the renewed application of fermentation technologies to produce single cell proteins. Research in Oman is focused on the utilization of marine protein resources. Fisheries by-catch and processing waste have been evaluated as liquid hydrolysates and as meals for inclusion in aquafeeds and new research is planned on the utilization of meso-pelagic fish (myctophids), which occur in abundance in the Arabian Sea and the Sea of Oman. Initial studies have been conducted on the biochemical composition of the lantern fish, Benthosema pterotum, which revealed favorable protein, amino acid and long-chain PUFA content. Potential limiting factors were high levels of saturated lipids and the heavy metals arsenic and cadmium. These results will be discussed within a general review of marine resources and aquafeed development in Oman.
29
Kim, Kwangmin. "Fighting to Keep the Land Wild: Huifang and Vernacular Forestry in Nineteenth-Century Manchuria." Late Imperial China 45, no. 1 (2024): 79–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.2024.a930393.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: This article examines the "association houses" (huifang) that emerged in the late nineteenth century as a major political force in the mountainous area of southern Manchuria and the Russian Far East. Using Chinese, Russian, English and Japanese primary sources, this article examines the formation of the Tanghe huifang, a prominent huifang in the Mt. Changbai area, and its tumultuous relations with the Qing state from 1880 1910. The central argument of the article is that the huifang was an autonomous polity a mini-state of sorts organized by hunter-gatherers (primarily Han Chinese migrants from Shandong), and based on the utilization of forest resources such as deer antlers, medicinal herbs, gold, and most importantly, ginseng plantations. The huifang protected the community from the threat of bandits, taxed the forest industries, regulated trade, and protected the forest resources from destruction, if only on a limited scale. Initially unofficially managed by the Jilin military authority, the huifang collided with the Qing state in the 1880s 1890s and finally revolted against the state in 1897 when the state opened the mountain forests for agrarian development—known as the "Opening the wasteland" (fanghuang) policy. Unable to subdue the resistance, the Qing state decided to incorporate the mountain polity into its political domain, accommodating the huifang as the government's police force and its leaders as the police heads in 1908. This article qualifies the current scholarship that examines the politics of the Chinese borderland primarily through the lens of the national and international politics—a lens that focuses on the top-down process of central state power and state-initiated agricultural and industrial development that took place in the context of growing imperialist expansion into the Qing frontier. Instead, this article highlights an alternative pattern of politics and economic transformation articulated from the bottom up, a pattern predicated on the decentralized utilization of the forest resources in Manchuria's mountains.
30
Ruszkowska, Millena, Maciej Świtalski, Małgorzata Tańska, et al. "Sustainable Protein Fortification: Impact of Hemp and Cricket Powder on Extruded Snack Quality." Sustainability 17, no. 7 (2025): 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073097.
Full textAbstract:
This research paper evaluates the functional and nutritional properties of extruded corn snacks fortified with plant-based hemp protein (HP) and insect-derived cricket powder (CP). With a focus on sustainable protein sources due to growing environmental concerns and the need for alternative protein sources, this study aims to enhance the nutritional profile of corn snacks. The incorporation of unconventional proteins into snacks is explored to meet consumer demands for sustainable and nutritious options. Results show that HP-enriched snacks have higher mineral content, such as calcium and magnesium, lower sodium content, and improved water interaction profiles. On the other hand, CP-fortified snacks exhibit higher protein content, essential amino acids, and moisture retention capabilities. Texture analysis reveals differences in hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness between HP and CP-enriched products. Moreover, color analysis indicates that HP and CP additives influence the color and appearance of the snacks, with CP enrichments leading to darker snacks. Sorption isotherm studies demonstrate varying hygroscopicity levels between HP- and CP-enriched samples, impacting their storage stability. Surface structure assessments show differences in the specific sorption surface area, suggesting unique properties attributed to each protein source. In conclusion, both hemp protein and cricket powder offer various advantages for snack fortification, providing opportunities to enhance nutritional profiles while addressing sustainability concerns.
31
Acharya, Suresh. "Consequences of Ecotourism in Nepal." Rural Development Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rdj.v2i1.67271.
Full textAbstract:
Ecotourism focuses on ecological resource, environmental conservation, community development and economic development by maintaining low-impact and non-consumptive use of local resources. Various forms of ecotourism have emerged globally, including community-based ecotourism, ecosystem ecotourism, cultural ecotourism, nature-based ecotourism, protected area ecotourism, and rural ecotourism. Ecotourism, which prioritizes the conservation of natural resources, biodiversity, and the sustainability of ecosystems, yields more positive impacts on the environment, society, and culture than negative ones. It fosters social cohesion and mobility, strengthens traditional cultures and hospitality, and mitigates political conflicts. Economically, it generates direct employment in hospitality sectors like hotels, lodges, and tourist restaurants, playing a crucial role in the development strategies of many nations, particularly those in the process of development. For instance, in Nepal, ecotourism contributes significantly to enhancing forest cover, biodiversity, and other environmental benefits such as alternative energy sources. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in poverty alleviation, rural development, agricultural transformation, community enrichment, and empowering women. However, during the initial stages of ecotourism development, challenges may arise in engaging adequate private agencies and local communities in providing accommodations, food services, tour management, and other tourism activities, especially during peak visitation periods. This study focused to the study of ecotourism in Nepal and its impacts on different sectors of the Nepalese society.
32
Kulikov, D. S., and A. A. Korolev. "Aspects of enzymatic modification of plant proteins." Food systems 8, no. 1 (2025): 22–28. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-1-22-28.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the constant increase in population and the growing demand for food products with a high content of biologically valuable protein, there is a growing interest in obtaining such products from sources alternative to animal raw materials. The production of proteins from plant raw materials with high biological value is a promising area for research. Plant proteins have relatively low digestibility and have functional and technological properties that limit their use in food products. To increase digestibility and change the functional and technological properties, plant proteins are modified by chemical, physicochemical and biotechnological methods. The most environmentally friendly and cost-effective is biotechnological processing of raw materials with both the original microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus and Leuconostoc, bacteria of the genus Bacillus, fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces and Candida spp.) and proteolytic enzyme preparations obtained from them. Enzymatic modification makes it possible to solve the problem of low digestibility of plant proteins, improve their functional and technological properties, reduce allergenicity and neutralize specific taste. Enzymatic modification allows us to solve the problem of low digestibility of plant proteins, their functional and technological properties, reduce allergenicity and neutralize specific taste. In addition, the biotechnological method of modification with microorganisms and enzyme preparations is also used for hydrolysis of proteins to bioactive peptides intended for functional nutrition: with high antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic and mineral-binding activity. In the process of modification, it is necessary to take into account the type of enzyme or microorganism used, its concentration, degree of hydrolysis, type of raw material, molecular weight of its proteins and other factors affecting the quality of the obtained hydrolysates and peptides. Otherwise, enzymatic modification causes undesirable changes: a decrease in functional and technological properties and nutritional value, as well as deterioration in organoleptic indicators, in particular an increase in the bitterness of hydrolysates. This review presents an analysis of a wide range of research results of Russian and foreign scientists in recent years in the field of enzymatic modification of plant proteins. The main focus is on obtaining protein hydrolysates and high-quality bioactive peptides that can compete with proteins of animal origin.
33
Ifkirne, Mohammed, Houssam El Bouhi, Siham Acharki, Quoc Bao Pham, Abdelouahed Farah, and Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh. "Multi-Criteria GIS-Based Analysis for Mapping Suitable Sites for Onshore Wind Farms in Southeast France." Land 11, no. 10 (2022): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101839.
Full textAbstract:
Wind energy is critical to traditional energy sources replacement in France and throughout the world. Wind energy generation in France is quite unevenly spread across the country. Despite its considerable wind potential, the research region is among the least productive. The region is a very complicated location where socio-environmental, technological, and topographical restrictions intersect, which is why energy production planning studies in this area have been delayed. In this research, the methodology used for identifying appropriate sites for future wind farms in this region combines GIS with MCDA approaches such as AHP. Six determining factors are selected: the average wind speed, which has a weight of 38%; the protected areas, which have a relative weight of 26%; the distance to electrical substations and road networks, both of which have a significant influence on relative weights of 13%; and finally, the slope and elevation, which have weights of 5% and 3%, respectively. Only one alternative was investigated (suitable and unsuitable). The spatial database was generated using ArcGIS and QGIS software; the AHP was computed using Excel; and several treatments, such as raster data categorization and weighted overlay, were automated using the Python programming language. The regions identified for wind turbines installation are defined by a total of 962,612 pixels, which cover a total of 651 km2 and represent around 6.98% of the research area. The theoretical wind potential calculation results suggest that for at least one site with an area bigger than 400 ha, the energy output ranges between 182.60 and 280.20 MW. The planned sites appear to be suitable; each site can support an average installed capacity of 45 MW. This energy benefit will fulfill the region’s population’s transportation, heating, and electrical demands.
34
Lynser, Marvellous B., Ksanbok Makdoh, and Batriti Nongbri. "Firewood consumption and extraction from community forests in East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya: Its impact on woody species diversity and population structure." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (2020): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.084.
Full textAbstract:
Firewood serves as the principal source of energy for cooking and heating, for many rural communities, but the impact of firewood extraction on the forest is often undermined. The present study was undertaken to assess the firewood consumption pattern by households living near community forests of East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya and the impact of such activity on species diversity and population structure on such forests. Data on firewood consumption and preferred firewood species, and impacts of firewood harvesting on species diversity and population structure were collected through household surveys and phytosociological studies respectively. The surveyed households showed high dependency on firewood and the consumption pattern varies with the family size. The preferred firewood species are those of hardwood trees such as Quercus spp., Lithocarpus spp., Castanopsis spp. and Myrica spp. Firewood extraction have negative impact on forests, resulting in decrease in species diversity and population of the preferred firewood species. Statistical analysis revealed that species richness and diversity and density differ significantly in protected and unprotected forests. Despite low per capita consumption of firewood and precautionary measures like regulated harvesting in the study area, firewood harvesting cannot be ignored as an important cause of forest degradation and biodiversity loss. More research into local ecological and cultural contexts and perceptions concerning costs and benefits can help devise sustainable management options, including alternative sources of fuel.
35
Saleous, N., S. Issa, and J. Al Mazrouei. "GIS-BASED WIND FARM SITE SELECTION MODEL OFFSHORE ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UAE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-437-2016.
Full textAbstract:
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) government has declared the increased use of alternative energy a strategic goal and has invested in identifying and developing various sources of such energy. This study aimed at assessing the viability of establishing wind farms offshore the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE and to identify favourable sites for such farms using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) procedures and algorithms. Based on previous studies and on local requirements, a set of suitability criteria was developed including ocean currents, reserved areas, seabed topography, and wind speed. GIS layers were created and a weighted overlay GIS model based on the above mentioned criteria was built to identify suitable sites for hosting a new offshore wind energy farm. Results showed that most of Abu Dhabi offshore areas were unsuitable, largely due to the presence of restricted zones (marine protected areas, oil extraction platforms and oil pipelines in particular). However, some suitable sites could be identified, especially around Delma Island and North of Jabal Barakah in the Western Region. The environmental impact of potential wind farm locations and associated cables on the marine ecology was examined to ensure minimal disturbance to marine life. Further research is needed to specify wind mills characteristics that suit the study area especially with the presence of heavy traffic due to many oil production and shipping activities in the Arabian Gulf most of the year.
36
Aji, Bakhtiar, Mirza Dikari Kusrini, and Dede Aulia Rahman. "Large Mammals Occupancy in Geothermal Power Plant Activities." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 12, no. 2 (2022): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.12.2.317-329.
Full textAbstract:
Geothermal as one of renewable resources, provide alternative to address the ever-increasing energy demand. Most of the sources are located in forest ecosystem, on which ecological impact took place. PT Supreme Energi Rantau Dedap (SERD) is geothermal power plant project located in protected forest of Bukit Jambul Gunung Patah, South Sumatera. To investigate the large mammal’s species richness and its occupancy, the research observe data from SERD camera trap data installed during exploration and construction phases. Data are then analyzed with single season occupancy modelling with habitat changes (distance), light and elevation as the impact parameters. There are 13, out of 14, large mammals that captured by the camera trap and one was identified on direct encounter. Mostly, the best occupancy model is with constants covariate. Hog badger and muntjac constantly apparent as high occupancy both in naïve occupancy and model result. Four species occupancies are affected by geothermal power plant activity, they are: surili, forest pig, tapir and hog badger. The result showed that during the development phase, large mammals still inhabited the powerplant area despite the fact that some species responded negatively against the impact. Meanwhile, during the construction phase the species richness is tend to be higher but the detection level is lower with varied occupancy level for each large mammals’ species.
37
Saleous, N., S. Issa, and J. Al Mazrouei. "GIS-BASED WIND FARM SITE SELECTION MODEL OFFSHORE ABU DHABI EMIRATE, UAE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-437-2016.
Full textAbstract:
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) government has declared the increased use of alternative energy a strategic goal and has invested in identifying and developing various sources of such energy. This study aimed at assessing the viability of establishing wind farms offshore the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE and to identify favourable sites for such farms using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) procedures and algorithms. Based on previous studies and on local requirements, a set of suitability criteria was developed including ocean currents, reserved areas, seabed topography, and wind speed. GIS layers were created and a weighted overlay GIS model based on the above mentioned criteria was built to identify suitable sites for hosting a new offshore wind energy farm. Results showed that most of Abu Dhabi offshore areas were unsuitable, largely due to the presence of restricted zones (marine protected areas, oil extraction platforms and oil pipelines in particular). However, some suitable sites could be identified, especially around Delma Island and North of Jabal Barakah in the Western Region. The environmental impact of potential wind farm locations and associated cables on the marine ecology was examined to ensure minimal disturbance to marine life. Further research is needed to specify wind mills characteristics that suit the study area especially with the presence of heavy traffic due to many oil production and shipping activities in the Arabian Gulf most of the year.
38
Ruiz-Toquica, Jordan Steven, Luis Alejandro Yañez-Dukon, Carolina Herrera Khenayzir, et al. "Exploring the Status of an Urban Coral and the Presence of Potential Probiotic Traits in Culturable Bacteria." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 10 (2023): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11102006.
Full textAbstract:
Improving the availability of new sources of probiotics is essential to continue implementing alternative solutions to improve coral health; one such source is urban corals. However, little is known about urban coral’s health status and whether they can harbor bacteria exhibiting probiotic traits. Here, we explored the status of the urban coral Madracis auretenra and the presence of probiotic traits in its associated culturable bacteria. After assessing ecological attributes, we observed a similar abundance (cover %) when comparing patches of M. auretenra occurring in both an urban site and a marine protected area. The urban patch also exhibited a high abundance of vibrios in coral tissues and signs of ecosystem deterioration. However, this patch showed a “good” health index condition; so, we hypothesized the presence of beneficial bacteria. We isolated 132 bacterial strains from this healthy urban M. auretenra. These bacteria were affiliated with 11 genera, including Vibrio, Shewanella, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Priestia, and Niallia, among others. Screenings revealed the predominant presence of potential probiotic traits such as catalase, antiQS, and the production of siderophores activities among the bacterial isolates. We proposed a list of 24 bacterial isolates as probiotic precandidates that jointly exhibited three or more of these traits, among which the Vibrio and Bacilli strains stand out. We provide insights into the health status of this urban coral and its potential as a source of bacteria exhibiting potential probiotic traits.
39
Silva, Nayara Thalita Ferreira, Andreia Reis Venancio, Emerson Tokuda Martos, et al. "Fish Fillet Analogue Using Formulation Based on Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Enzymatic Treatment: Texture, Sensory, Aromatic Profile and Physicochemical Characterization." Foods 13, no. 15 (2024): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13152358.
Full textAbstract:
The growing demand for alternative sources of non-animal proteins has stimulated research in this area. Mushrooms show potential in the innovation of plant-based food products. In this study, the aim was to develop prototype fish fillets analogues from Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms applying enzymatic treatment (β-glucanase and transglutaminase-TG). A Plackett–Burman 20 experimental design was used to optimize forty variables. Oat flour (OF) exerted a positive effect on the hardness and gumminess texture parameters but a negative effect on cohesiveness and resilience. Soy protein isolate (SPI) exhibited a positive effect on elasticity, gumminess and chewiness, while acacia gum had a negative effect on elasticity, cohesiveness and resilience. After sensory analysis the assay with 1% cassava starch, 5% OF, 5% SPI, 0.1% transglutaminase (240 min/5 °C), 1% coconut oil, 1% soybean oil, 0.2% sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.6% β-glucanase (80 °C/10 min) and without β-glucanase inactivation was found to exhibit greater similarity to fish fillet. The classes hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes are the predominant ones in aromatic profile analysis by chromatography and electronic nose. It is concluded that a mushroom-based analogue of fish fillet can be prepared using enzymatic treatment with TG.
40
Joel Koda Tize, Mohamadou, and Albert Ngakou. "Valorization of ecological coal as energy source for smoking fish in the locality of Maga, Far North Region of Cameroon." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 6, no. 2 (2022): 030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.6.2.0148.
Full textAbstract:
Wood for smoking fish is increasingly rare in the locality of Maga where this activity is practiced intensely. The search for firewood to prepare meals and smoke fish has led to immense deforestation in the area. There is an urgent need to find alternative sources of this fuel. The objective of this work is to construct a fish smoking kiln operating with ecological coal made from rice husk. To achieve this, we have characterized the existing traditional and improved kiln by evaluating the evolution of temperature during smoking and the amount of fuel consumed per kilogram of smoked fish. Then the design of the cupboard kiln and its construction were made taking into account the type of fuel to be used. Its performance was evaluated. It appears from this work that the consumption of wood per unit of smoked fish varies with the type of the kiln. On average and in the locality of Maga, it takes 2.5 kg and 0.36 kg of wood to smoke 1 kg of catfish respectively with drum kiln and double-chamber brick kiln. When using ecological coal, 0.68 kg is sufficient to smoke 1 kg of fish. For the temperature fluctuation, it has been observed that it is most of the time of smoking above 100 °C on drum kiln while the temperature hardly reaches 100 °C with the rest of kiln. In addition, temperature is more stable in cupboard kiln fluctuating around 70 °C. These temperature intervals are quite sufficient for smoking fish. Knowing the potential production of biochar from rice husk in the locality of Maga, around 13,433tons of fish can be smoked just by valuing this type of agricultural residues. The surface area annually protected from deforestation is then estimated to 665 hectares.
41
Willcox, Adam S., and Diangha Mercy Nambu. "Wildlife hunting practices and bushmeat dynamics of the Banyangi and Mbo people of Southwestern Cameroon." Biological Conservation 134, no. 2 (2007): 251–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13517526.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary, an area of lowland tropical rainforest in southwestern Cameroon, was designed by the Government of Cameroon specifically to protect 10 species and one order (Chelonia) of wildlife including some of the most endangered primates in Central and West Africa such as the drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The long-settled local communities surrounding the Sanctuary maintain user rights of the forest and its natural resources as long as the conservation goals of the protected area are not compromised. A three-year study assessed local communities' hunting dynamics in and around the sanctuary. Ten village-based assistants weighed, sexed, and aged all animal carcasses harvested by the 96 hunters participating in the study from June 1999 to March 2002. Data on weapon type, use of meat, location of kill, and price for each killed animal were also collected. We compare bushmeat dynamics and hunting cultures of two tribes living on the periphery of the Sanctuary, the Banyangi and the Mbo. A total of 13 489 animals were harvested during the study period, 4656 by Banyangi and 8833 by Mbo. Our results suggest that the condition of bushmeat when sold by hunters, either fresh or smoked, does not appear to affect the price. Bushmeat was significantly cheaper than the alternative sources of protein available in the nearest town. Although both tribes appear to use similar weapon technologies and hunting techniques, they differ with respect to amounts harvested and bushmeat use. The tribe settled deep in the forest with no road access hunts more intensively and for commercial sale outside the region, while the tribe along the road consumes or sells most of their catch locally.
42
Willcox, Adam S., and Diangha Mercy Nambu. "Wildlife hunting practices and bushmeat dynamics of the Banyangi and Mbo people of Southwestern Cameroon." Biological Conservation 134, no. 2 (2007): 251–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13517526.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary, an area of lowland tropical rainforest in southwestern Cameroon, was designed by the Government of Cameroon specifically to protect 10 species and one order (Chelonia) of wildlife including some of the most endangered primates in Central and West Africa such as the drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). The long-settled local communities surrounding the Sanctuary maintain user rights of the forest and its natural resources as long as the conservation goals of the protected area are not compromised. A three-year study assessed local communities' hunting dynamics in and around the sanctuary. Ten village-based assistants weighed, sexed, and aged all animal carcasses harvested by the 96 hunters participating in the study from June 1999 to March 2002. Data on weapon type, use of meat, location of kill, and price for each killed animal were also collected. We compare bushmeat dynamics and hunting cultures of two tribes living on the periphery of the Sanctuary, the Banyangi and the Mbo. A total of 13 489 animals were harvested during the study period, 4656 by Banyangi and 8833 by Mbo. Our results suggest that the condition of bushmeat when sold by hunters, either fresh or smoked, does not appear to affect the price. Bushmeat was significantly cheaper than the alternative sources of protein available in the nearest town. Although both tribes appear to use similar weapon technologies and hunting techniques, they differ with respect to amounts harvested and bushmeat use. The tribe settled deep in the forest with no road access hunts more intensively and for commercial sale outside the region, while the tribe along the road consumes or sells most of their catch locally.
43
Olteanu-Raimond, Ana-Maria, Mattia Bunel, Catherine Dominguès, et al. "A lightweight ontology for landmarks to assist rescue in mountainous areas." Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 4 (August 7, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-4-15-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. When people are injured or lost in mountains during outdoor activities and when web-based locations are not available, they locate themselves by describing their environment, routes and activities. The description of their location is done using landmarks and spatial locations (e.g., “I am located in front of Punay Lake”, “I am near a protected area”). Landmarks used can be named (e.g., “Punay Lake”) or unnamed if the landmark has no name or if the victim does not know it (e.g., "area lake"). Landmarks are represented in geographic databases by name (if possible), type and geometry. To reduce the heterogeneity of landmark types present in oral language and geographic databases representing landmarks, and thus improve locating victims, our goal is to define a controlled vocabulary for landmarks. In this research, we present a lightweight ontology (i.e. ontology having generally less complexity and does not express formal constraints) of landmarks, named Landmark Ontology (OOR), describing landmark types. It is an application ontology, i.e. it is designed to support mountain rescue operations. The ontology construction is adapted from the SAMOD methodology for engineering ontology development and involves researchers and experts from mountain rescue teams. The construction of OOR is composed of four main phases: knowledge acquisition, conceptual formalisation, implementation, and testing. The implementation phase is carried out by an iterative and collaborative approach and using four formalised sources of knowledge (a landmark and a landform ontologies, and two other domain vocabularies), an un-formalised taxonomy of outdoor activities, and five authoritative and volunteered geographic information sources representing geographic data. The landmarks ontology contains 543 classes associated with 1739 labels: 1086 prefLabel (preferential label) in French and English, 321 altLabel (alternative label) in French, and 332 altLabel in English. The depth of the ontology varies from four for land cover, hydrological and land subdivision landmark types), to six for landform types, and eight for building types. Although the use of ontology is broader, in this paper we illustrate and test its use through three applications in the context of mountain rescue operations: semantic mapping, data instantiation and data matching.
44
Pilorgé, Etienne, Bruno Kezeya, Wolfgang Stauss, Frédéric Muel, and Marcus Mergenthaler. "Pea and rapeseed acreage and land use for plant-based meat alternatives in the EU." OCL 28 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021037.
Full textAbstract:
Plant-based meat alternatives from grain legumes and oil crops are expected to play an increasing role in human nutrition. Several commercially available products use pea protein isolate as protein basis and rapeseed oil as lipid basis. The aim of the present study is to estimate the prospective area of peas and rapeseed for plant-based meat alternatives in the EU. A simple calculation model is employed to assess the impacts on land use and imported deforestation, in case plant-based meat alternatives substitute meat consumption in different shares. Various data sources and scenarios were used to estimate the cultivation potential. While pea acreage would increase considerably compared to current production, additional rapeseed acreage would be more limited. Even in an extreme scenario of 100% substitution only 12% of EU’s arable land would be used for pea and rapeseed as main ingredients for plant-based meat alternative. If pea protein isolate and rapeseed oil as main ingredients of plan-based meat alternatives increase, the land currently used for animal feed production would become partly available and imported deforestation could be decreased: a substitution of 25% of meat consumption would allow to provide the equivalent of food proteins without extending the cultivated areas in Europe, while avoiding soybean and maize imports for feed.
45
Ots, Katri, Mall Orru, Mari Tilk, Leno Kuura, and Karin Aguraijuja. "Afforestation of cutaway peatlands: effect of wood ash on biomass formation and carbon balance." Forestry Studies 67, no. 1 (2017): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsmu-2017-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Alternatives to the restoration of cutaway peatlands include afforestation, energy forests, agricultural production, wetland restoration (restoration of peataccumulating function), reed canary grass (energy mower) or wild berries (blueberry, cranberry) cultivation, protected area for birds, and artificial lakes. Investigations made in several countries suggest that one of the most promising ways of regenerating cutaway peatlands is afforestation. The re-vegetation of Estonian cutaway peat production fields is mainly the result of natural processes, which are generally very slow: vegetation covers only 10–20% of a peat field. Carbon dioxide is not bound anymore in cutaway peatlands where vegetation layer has been destroyed and therefore photosynthetical processes no more occur. Using biofuel ashes (wood ash, etc.) for the afforestation of cutaway peatlands helps to balance the content of nutrients in peat substrate, which improves the survival of planted seedlings and significantly increases bioproduction. Drained and mined peatlands have become a significant source of CO2 but stimulated woody biomass production can be helpful to balance CO2 emission from cutaway peatlands. Because of the limited resources of fossil fuels and negative impacts on the environment in recent decades alternative sources of energy have been actively looked for. In Scandinavia a lot of attention has been paid to finding possibilities for using biofuels. The situation in Estonia is that only very few types of ashes (for example certified oil shale fly ash with product name Enefix) have been founded to be suitable for utilization and have been used for recycling in agriculture.
46
Kuluev, Bulat, Kairat Uteulin, Gabit Bari, Elvina Baimukhametova, Khalit Musin, and Alexey Chemeris. "Molecular Genetic Research and Genetic Engineering of Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin." Plants 12, no. 8 (2023): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081621.
Full textAbstract:
Natural rubber (NR) remains an indispensable raw material with unique properties that is used in the manufacture of a large number of products and the global demand for it is growing every year. The only industrially important source of NR is the tropical tree Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg., thus alternative sources of rubber are required. For the temperate zone, the most suitable source of high quality rubber is the Russian (Kazakh) dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin (TKS). An obstacle to the widespread industrial cultivation of TKS is its high heterozygosity, poor growth energy, and low competitiveness in the field, as well as inbreeding depression. Rapid cultivation of TKS requires the use of modern technologies of marker-assisted and genomic selection, as well as approaches of genetic engineering and genome editing. This review is devoted to describing the progress in the field of molecular genetics, genomics, and genetic engineering of TKS. Sequencing and annotation of the entire TKS genome made it possible to identify a large number of SNPs, which were subsequently used in genotyping. To date, a total of 90 functional genes have been identified that control the rubber synthesis pathway in TKS. The most important of these proteins are part of the rubber transferase complex and are encoded by eight genes for cis-prenyltransferases (TkCPT), two genes for cis-prenyltransferase-like proteins (TkCPTL), one gene for rubber elongation factor (TkREF), and nine genes for small rubber particle proteins (TkSRPP). In TKS, genes for enzymes of inulin metabolism have also been identified and genome-wide studies of other gene families are also underway. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic studies of TKS lines with different accumulations of NR are also being carried out, which help to identify genes and proteins involved in the synthesis, regulation, and accumulation of this natural polymer. A number of authors already use the knowledge gained in the genetic engineering of TKS and the main goal of these works is the rapid transformation of the TKS into an economically viable rubber crop. There are no great successes in this area so far, therefore work on genetic transformation and genome editing of TKS should be continued, considering the recent results of genome-wide studies.
47
Sulaiman, Muhammad, Bambang Sulardiono, and Churun Ain. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WISATA HUTAN MANGROVE BERBASIS KEGIATAN KONSERVASI DI DESA KARTIKA JAYA KABUPATEN KENDAL Mangrove Forest Development Strategy Based On Conservation Activities in Kartika Jaya Village, Kendal District." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 8, no. 2 (2019): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v8i2.24226.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK Kawasan konservasi mangrove di Desa Kartika Jaya merupakan kawasan yang pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan dilindungi. Kegiatan konservasi mangrove yang dilakukan Kelompok Mangrove Desa Kartika Jaya sebatas melakukan penanaman mangrove, dan menjaga ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor mempengaruhi kegiatan konservasi mangrove dan memperoleh alternatif strategi yang tepat untuk mengembangkan wisata hutan mangrove yang berbasis kegiatan konservasi di Desa Kartika Jaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan agustus 2018 di Desa Kartika Jaya, Kabupaten Kendal dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, dan observasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strenght Weakness Opportunity Threat). Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan kegiatan konservasi mangrove di Desa Kartika Jaya adalah faktor internal meliputi status hutan mangrove, luas kawasan, pengalaman bekerjasama dengan instansi pemerintah dan swasta, partisispasi masyarakat, kekompakan anggota, legalitas, fasilitas, mobilitas, status lahan, dan pengawasan. Faktor eksternal meliputi, potensi ekowisata, potensi pembuatan produk olahan mangrove, potensi sebagai objek penelitian, dan partisipasi perguruan tinggi. Prioritas alternatif strategi yang terpilih adalah meningkatkan kerjasama dengan instansi pemerintah dan swasta untuk menguatkan sumber pendanaan setiap kegiatan, memperluas lahan mangrove, meningkatkan fasilitas pendukung operasional setiap kegiatan, dan melibatkan masyarakat dalam setiap kegiatan.ABSTRACT The mangrove conservation area in Kartika Jaya Village is a protected and managed area. Mangrove conservation activities carried out by Mangrove Group in Kartika Jaya Village are limited to planting mangroves, and maintaining mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to determine the factors that influence mangrove conservation activities and obtain appropriate alternative strategies for developing mangrove forest tourism based on conservation activities in Kartika Jaya Village. This research was conducted in August 2018 in Kartika Jaya Village, Kendal Regency using descriptive methods with case studies. Data collection done through interviews, and observations. The data obtained were analyzed using SWOT analysis (Strenght Weakness Opportunity Threat). The results of the analysis the factors that influence the development of mangrove conservation activities in Kartika Jaya Village are internal factors including the status of mangrove forests, area size, experience of working with government and private institutions, community participation, member cohesiveness, legality, facilities, mobility, land status, and supervision. External factors include the potential of ecotourism, the potential for making mangrove processed products, the potential as an object of research, and college participation. The chosen alternative strategic priority is to increase collaboration with government and private institutions to strengthen funding sources for each activity, expand mangrove land, improve operational support facilities for each activity, and involve the community in every activity.
48
Halonen, Vilma, Ville Uusitalo, Jarkko Levänen, Jani Sillman, Lauri Leppäkoski, and Anna Claudelin. "Recognizing Potential Pathways to Increasing the Consumption of Edible Insects from the Perspective of Consumer Acceptance: Case Study from Finland." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031439.
Full textAbstract:
Mitigating the sustainability challenges related to agriculture and ensuring adequate availability of nutritious food requires an increase in the use of sustainable alternative protein sources. Edible insects are considered to be a sustainable protein source and a possible substitute for meat. There are many readily available edible insect species with many competing utilization possibilities, which, from the producers’ perspective, increases the complexity of the area. Through a consumer survey and expert interviews, this study recognizes four pathways to increasing the use of edible insects in Western countries and especially in Finland where the survey and interviews were conducted: (1) producing a variety of insect-based food products, especially food products where insects are not recognizable as such and the food is in a familiar form; (2) producing edible insect food products which could replace greenhouse gas emission-intensive animal proteins; (3) focusing on the price, taste, and availability of insect food; and (4) using insects as animal feed. Our findings provide information on the prospects of the studied pathways in terms of consumption and production. Technological development is expected to decrease the price of insect-based food products, but at the same time, the increased use of edible insects faces challenges related to eating habits, contradictory perceptions about the sustainability implications of insect farming, and the availability of insect-based products.
49
Taya, Huang, Ko Cherie, Hooper Karen, and Smith Benjamin PC. "An updated review of published human health risk-benefit assessment studies in the scientific literature." Archives of Food and Nutritional Science 6, no. 1 (2022): 062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.afns.1001039.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Public health policies in the area of food and diets tend to separate recommendations on food safety and nutrition. However, food products can simultaneously have risks and benefits. Risk-benefit assessment (RBA) seeks to integrate the assessment of both risks and benefits to aid complex decision-making using a multidisciplinary approach. In this study, a systematic literature review of recent RBA studies was performed, focusing on food consumption and human health following earlier reviews by Boué, et al. (2015) and Thomsen, et al. (2021). Results: A total of 50 new RBA studies were reviewed since 20 May 2014. Our current literature review shows that the majority of RBA studies conducted in recent years remain focused on seafood, with studies on fish alone comprising 34% of all studies; the focus being on the benefits of fish consumption versus contaminant exposure. Most of the studies have been conducted in Europe (n = 31) and Asia (n = 11). Conclusion: RBA has the potential to be applied more widely to other food choices such as alternative proteins, yet application remains limited to specific applications and contaminant/nutrient case studies. In recent years, a few RBA studies have been reported on less mainstream food sources and one specifically on novel foods. Novel foods offer a unique application space for RBA as their development is focused heavily on the benefits to the consumer, society, and environment, yet there remains uncertainty as to their safety.
50
Turchetto, Ricardo, Gabriel Baraldi Volpi, Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva, et al. "Co-inoculation of Azospirillum with mycorrhizal fungi in the cultivation of wheat in soils contaminated with copper." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 44, no. 4 (2023): 1571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n4p1571.
Full textAbstract:
Copper is a micronutrient essential for plant growth since it is part of the constitution of enzymes and proteins. However, it can become toxic to plants when in high concentrations in the soil. The association between microorganisms and plants is an alternative for reducing the negative effects of excess copper on plants. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of inoculation and co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Azospirillum brasilense in a wheat crop grown on soil contaminated with copper. The experimental design used was entirely randomized in a bifactorial arrangement of 5 x 2, with five sources of inocula, (Azospirillum brasilense; Acaulospora colombiana; Gigaspora margarita; Acaulospora colombiana + Azospirillum brasilense; Gigaspora margarita + Azospirillum brasilense;), two doses of copper (0 = natural soil content and 400 mg kg-1), and eight replicates. We evaluated the height of plants, number of tillers, root length, root volume, dry root mass, specific surface area, average root diameter, copper content in the root, straw and grain, productivity, and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. The inoculation with A. brasilense increases the number of tillers, plant height, and productivity compared to mycorrhizal fungi. The co-inoculation of these microorganisms does not contribute positively to these evaluated parameters, regardless of the dose of Cu applied to the soil. Co-inoculation of A. brasilense with mycorrhizal fungi does not reduce copper in the aerial part of wheat plants, regardless of the evaluated species, even in soil contaminated with copper.