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1
Carlile, B. L., D. J. Osborne, and C. G. Cogger. "ALTERNATIVE WASTE SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR LAKE SITE DEVELOPMENTS." Lake and Reservoir Management 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07438148609354664.
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Smolyanichenko, Alla. "Physicochemical technology of pretreatment of dairy waste water using natural waste." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127304012.
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The growth in the production of dairy products entails the problem of treating wastewater from the operation of dairy plants. This article discusses the possibility of using a purification technological scheme using sorbents from natural waste, which is an alternative to the traditional one, which includes a biological stage. In this study, activated biochar from rice husks and graphite are used as sorbents. As a result of purification according to the proposed scheme, the quality of the treated water corresponds to the normative indicators when discharged into the city sewage network.
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Samosir, Agunan P. "Management of Waste Treatment as an Alternative Energy Source and its Fiscal Support." Information Management and Business Review 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v11i1.2841.
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In recent years, the management of waste treatment in Indonesia has become a critical issue among the stakeholders both in the government and the private sector. One way to significantly reduce waste in each region is to use incinerator technology. This technology has developed in Japan, South Korea and Europe. The burning of waste can produce electricity or the so-called waste to energy. However, to build a power plantthat utilizes waste requires policy support from the Central and Regional Governments. This study seeks to identify the types of support that Central and Regional Governments can provide to develop waste to energy.
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Vlaskin, Mikhail S. "Municipal solid waste as an alternative energy source." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 8 (February 28, 2018): 961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918762023.
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One of the main objectives in the field of waste management today is the implementation of waste-to-energy concept, because it decreases the amount of municipal solid waste landfilled and economizes the traditional hydrocarbon fuels. One of the main objectives of this study was to assess the global energetic potential of municipal solid waste and its potential contribution in energy balance. This evaluation was based on the analysis of main municipal solid waste properties such as component and chemical compositions, and heating value. The comparison of municipal solid waste properties and energetic potential with those for traditional solid fuels was also discussed. For comparison, the biomass samples and coals collected from Russian coal basins were considered. Study of municipal solid waste properties showed that municipal solid waste represents a well-flammable fuel with high carbon content (up to 50–60% for dry ash-free basis), and relatively high O/C atomic ratio. Total world energetic potential of municipal solid waste was estimated as 20 billion GJ that is 12.6% from energetic potential of coal mined. It was shown that by municipal solid waste incineration it is possible to produce 800 billion kWh of electrical energy that is about 3.5% of total world electricity generation. It was shown that in 2035 energetic potential of municipal solid waste may share up to 21.7% from energetic potential of coal. Executed estimations confirmed the urgency of municipal solid waste waste-to-energy implementation.
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Rakhimova, Nailia. "Recent Advances in Alternative Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization: A Review." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010689.
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Since the emergence of the problem of nuclear waste conditioning, cementation has become an important and developing part of the waste management system, owing to its simplicity and versatility. The continued development of the cementation technique is driven by the improvement and expansion of cementitious materials that are suitable and efficient for nuclear waste solidification. Advances in cement theory and technology have significantly impacted improvements in nuclear waste cementation technology, the quality of fresh and hardened waste forms, waste loading rates, and the reliability and sustainability of the nuclear industry. Modern mineral matrices for nuclear waste immobilization are a broad class of materials with diverse chemical–mineralogical compositions, high encapsulation capacities, and technological and engineering performance. These matrices include not only traditional Portland cement, but also non-Portland clinker inorganic binders. This review focuses on recent trends and achievements in the development of calcium aluminate, calcium sulfoaluminate, phosphate, magnesium silicate, and alkali-activated cements as cementitious matrices for nuclear waste stabilization/solidification.
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JHT, Admin. "TEKNOLOGI SEDERHANA PEMBUATAN BRIKET ARANG DARI LIMBAH INDUSTRI MEBEL (Simple Technology of Making Charcoal Briquettes from Furniture Industry Waste)." HUTAN TROPIKA 13, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v13i1.286.
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ABSTRACTWaste of the furniture industry activity was not yet utilized optimally. When it developedbecame a produce, it has higher economic value. The potential waste of this furniture industrycan be utilized as raw material for making charcoal briquettes as a source of energy. Charcoalbriquettes are charcoal wood that is altered in shape, size, and density by means of pressing amixture of charcoal powder and adhesive material. Simple technology of making charcoalbriquettes from furniture industry wastes made can be developed to utilize the potential waste ofthe furniture industry as an alternative energy from biomass to sufficient household energyneeds.Keywords: waste, furniture industry, charcoal briquettes, energy, household
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Adar, Tuba, and Elif Kılıç Delice. "New integrated approaches based on MC-HFLTS for healthcare waste treatment technology selection." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 32, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 688–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-10-2018-0235.
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Purpose Selecting the most appropriate healthcare waste treatment technology (HCWTT) is an uncertain and complex decision-making problem because there exist more than one alternative and many conflicting qualitative and quantitative criteria. However, the use of fuzzy and comparative values, instead of specific crisp values, provides more accurate results, so that the alternatives may be evaluated in accordance with hesitant human nature. The purpose of this paper is to select the best HCWTT using a hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS). Design/methodology/approach Five main criteria were identified for HCWTT selection, such as economic, social, environmental, technical and ergonomic criteria. In total, 19 sub-criteria were examined, and the hierarchy of the criteria was formed. The criteria weights were determined using the multi-criteria hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (MC-HFLTS). The selection processes of incineration (A1), steam sterilization (A2), microwave (A3) and landfill (A4) alternatives were carried out using the multi-attributive ideal-real comparative analysis (MAIRCA) and multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) methods. In the comparative analyses, Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods were used. Findings The comparison of the results of the MABAC and MAIRCA methods with the results of VIKOR and TOPSIS methods indicated that A2 (steam sterilization) alternative was the best one and produced the same ranking of the technology alternatives (A2 > A3 > A1 > A4). As a result, the study concluded that these methods can be successfully used for HCWTT selection problems. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, MC-HFLTS has not been used to select HCWTT in the existing literature. For the first time, MC-HFLTS&MAIRCA and MC-HFLTS&MABAC approaches were used in order to choose the best treatment method for healthcare waste under the effect of multiple conflicting hierarchical criteria. It has been provided that MABAC and MAIRCA select alternative choices by taking into consideration the hierarchical criteria. Unlike other studies, this study also considered ergonomic criteria that are important for people working during the process of using the treatment technology.
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Widyarsana, I. M. W., and D. Saraswati. "Domestic waste briquetting as refuse-derived-fuel for power plant alternative energy (case study: Bali Province)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1098, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1098/1/012080.
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Abstract Mobilization and population growth caused waste generation and energy supply increments. It requires more efficient waste management and treatment methods. On the other side, the availability of fossil fuel resources decreased, it urges alternative energy sources to take place. One of the waste-to-energy implementations is using domestic waste into briquettes as refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for gasification fuel as the solutions to overcome this problem. Bali Province is one of the targets of the government’s acceleration program for the construction of waste processing plants into electric energy based on Presidential Regulation 35/2018. Waste- to-energy can be applied as co-firing in power plant. This study aims to determine the potential utilization of refuse-derived-fuel as power plant at Suwung Sarbagita Landfill and Bali Province as study case. Wastes are produced into briquette as refuse-derived-fuel. The proximate test results of briquette characteristics were analyzed in laboratory. Potential utilization calculation using data of waste generation in Bali Province, briquette characteristics especially calorific value, and optimal coal and briquette ratio of co-firing process. From the calculation with assuming using Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGGC) system technology with efficiency of 45%, waste in Suwung Sarbagita Landfill, Bali Province has the potential to generate electricity of 101.6 MW.
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Novita, Elida, Khotijah Khotijah, Dian Purbasari, and Hendra Andiananta Pradana. "KAJIAN PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH DI AGROINDUSTRI KOPI WULAN, KECAMATAN MAESAN, KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 10, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v10i2.263-273.
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Wulan Coffee Agroindustry is one of agroindustries in region of Bondowoso that applies the semi-wet method and it has potential to be certified by Geographical Indications (IG). The wastes of arabica coffee processing at Wulan Coffee Agroindustry is directly thrown to the surrounding environment without being repaired first, because of that, it is worried that can affect human health and the environment. Therefore, further treatment is necessary to reduce the impact of waste pollutions and improve the efficiency of processing by using cleaner production technology. This study aimed to examine the priority alternative of cleaner production at Wulan Coffee Agroindustry. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative with mass balance analysis, energy balance analysis, feasibility analysis, and priority analysis of cleaner production application using the method of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The waste management alternative in the Wulan Coffee Agroindustry were coffee pulp waste processing i.e. cascara tea, briquettes, and animal feed, also the waste water of coffee processing as biogas. The cleaner production applied in the Wulan Coffee Agroindustry had alternatives likes coffee green bean, coffee powder, and cascara tea. It was the priority scale to be applied because technically factor and financial factor consist of NPV, IRR, B/C ratio, and PBP were Rp 1.211.88.689; 49%; 6.27, and 0.76 or 9 month. Therefore, the result of AHP analysis using expert choice application showed that cascara tea was the priority alternative of cleaner production application with value of 15,4. Keyword: arabica coffee, assessment, Bondowoso, feasibility analysis, waste utilization
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Dobrovszky, K., V. Csergő, and Ferenc Ronkay. "Alternative, New Method for Predicting Polymer Waste Stream Contents." Materials Science Forum 812 (February 2015): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.812.247.
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In order to achieve the desired polymer recycling standards, precise estimations are needed about the composition of the polymer waste streams. The technologies that are currently used for this purpose, such as the infrared spectroscopy and the pyrolysis are neither time nor energy efficient as the processes may take up to hours, moreover the results are usually concluded by only analyzing small fractions of the waste streams. Meanwhile, as the polymer consumption of the world is increasing, the recycling and recovery rates demanded by numerous laws and restrictions are getting higher as well. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new technology that utilizes centrifugal force to separate the different polymer components of a sample in a melted state, containing the most common polymers found in a regular waste stream. After the separation, using the calculation method that is described, the exact ratio of the different materials can be given as well. In order to show the possibilities hidden in this technology, two samples, containing PA/PS/PP and PET/PA/PS/PP respectively, were separated and analyzed. The promising results were verified using optical microscopy as well as Raman spectroscopy.
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Jumini, Sri. "Alternative fish feed production from waste chicken feathers." International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series 1, no. 2 (August 14, 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v1i2.5140.
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<p class="Abstract">In this This devotion has been done to provide education and training of the utilization of waste chicken manure, making flour chicken feathers as a fish feed alternative, that can overcome some of the problems that waste chicken feathers from the center cutting broiler chickens in the village Krasak enough, it causes pollution, and not used optimally; Low public awareness of awareness of environmental pollution; the lack of public knowledge about the utilization of waste chicken feathers, and processing technology, as well as to address the needs of fish feed more expensive, need alternative feed ingredients. This service program has provided insight to the public about waste chicken feathers so that it can be used as a new entrepreneurial startups. To achieve these objectives have been done of activity as follows: 1) Provide counseling and understanding of the community will be a negative impact on the environment of waste chicken feathers. 2) Provide counseling utilization of waste chicken feathers for people in nearby farms. 3) Make a chicken feather meal of chicken feather waste as an alternative fish feed to improve digestibility of chicken feathers. 3) The formation of the group for increasing the economic income of the family. This service activities program runs quite well with demonstrated some activity, namely: 1) Change Behavior Society (knowledge transfer); 2) Chicken Feather Extension Waste Utilization; 3) Making Unit Waste Chicken Feathers; 4) Establishment of New Business of Diversified Waste Chicken Feathers.</p>
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Ismail, Basel, and Wael Ahmed. "Thermoelectric Power Generation Using Waste-Heat Energy as an Alternative Green Technology." Recent Patents on Electrical Engineeringe 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874476110902010027.
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Haight, M. "Assessing the environmental burdens of anaerobic digestion in comparison to alternative options for managing the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid wastes." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2005): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0566.
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Biological treatment processes including anaerobic digestion (biogasification) and composting are increasingly being considered by waste management officials and planners as alternatives for managing the mainly organic residues of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The integrated waste management model which is based upon the application of life-cycle analysis was employed to compare the environmental burdens of landfilling, composting and anaerobic digestion of MSW at a mid-sized Canadian community. Energy consumption (or recovery), residue recoveries and emissions to air and water were quantified. Scenario comparisons were analyzed to demonstrate that the environmental burdens associated with anaerobic digestion are reduced in comparison with the alternative options. The major benefit occurs as a result of the electricity produced from burning the biogas and then supplying the ‘green power’ to the local electrical grid.
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Adlin, Adlin. "Waste Management System in Pekanbaru City: City Government Capability, Issues, and Policy Alternatives." Jurnal Bina Praja 13, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.21787/jbp.13.2021.395-406.
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This study aims to describe the government's capability in waste management, problems, and alternative policies that can be made to overcome waste management problems in the city of Pekanbaru. This research uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods describe the government's capability in waste management by distributing questionnaires to lecturers, students, and alumni of the Environmental Science doctoral program at the University of Riau, environmental activists, and academics with master's degrees who know about waste issues in the city of Pekanbaru. Qualitative research methods describe issues and policy alternatives by relying on document data from various literature ranging from journals, books, and online media, which are then analyzed using interactive data analysis methods. The results of quantitative data analysis show that the majority of respondents stated that the indicators of the Pekanbaru city government's capability in managing waste transportation were the weakest technical and leadership skills. Furthermore, the results of qualitative data analysis show that the capacity factor and waste management issues can be overcome with several alternative policies. The problem of poor waste management can be overcome by using sustainable waste management, which needs to be supported by strong political will from the city government in making adequate regulations, updating waste management technology, utilizing information technology for waste transportation, and strengthening human resources. In addition, the government needs to involve the community and stakeholders to reduce waste production, collect waste, and sort waste. The support of the city government, entrepreneurs, and city residents will determine the success of sustainable waste management.
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Mpanang’ombe, Wrixon, Elizabeth Tilley, Imanol Zabaleta, and Christian Zurbrügg. "A Biowaste Treatment Technology Assessment in Malawi." Recycling 3, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling3040055.
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In the city of Blantyre, much of the generated municipal waste is biowaste, typically mixed with other waste fractions and disposed at the city’s dumpsite. Energy and nutrients could be recovered; however, with many biowaste options available, choosing what technology to implement is difficult. Selecting Organic Waste Treatment Technology (SOWATT) is a tool that supports decision making for selecting a biowaste treatment option considering social, technical, and environmental aspects. SOWATT was used to evaluate options for Blantyre’s Limbe Market. Anaerobic digestion, black soldier fly processing, slow pyrolysis, in-vessel composting, windrow composting, vermicomposting, and wet-biomass-briquetting were considered as options. The performance of each alternative was assessed based on five objectives by government, NGO, and market-based stakeholders in order to determine the most acceptable option for the greatest number of people: something that is rarely done, or if it is the preferences are not rigorously quantified (e.g., stakeholder workshops) and/or weighted against specific objectives. However, given the novelty of the ranking-solicitation process, some participants struggled with the variety of options presented, and further iterations of SOWATT will address this limitation. Ultimately, vermicomposting scored highest of all alternatives and could best achieve the five objectives as prioritized by the stakeholders when implemented.
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Mohammed, Jibrin Ndejiko, and Wan Rosmiza Zana Wan Dagang. "Implications for industrial application of bioflocculant demand alternatives to conventional media: waste as a substitute." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 10 (November 15, 2019): 1807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.025.
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Abstract The biodegradability and safety of the bioflocculants make them a potential alternative to non-biodegradable chemical flocculants for wastewater treatment. However, low yield and production cost has been reported to be the limiting factor for large scale bioflocculant production. Although the utilization of cheap nutrient sources is generally appealing for large scale bioproduct production, exploration to meet the demand for them is still low. Although much progress has been achieved at laboratory scale, Industrial production and application of bioflocculant is yet to be viable due to cost of the production medium and low yield. Thus, the prospects of bioflocculant application as an alternative to chemical flocculants is linked to evaluation and utilization of cheap alternative and renewable nutrient sources. This review evaluates the latest literature on the utilization of waste/wastewater as an alternative substitute for conventional expensive nutrient sources. It focuses on the mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in microbial flocculant synthesis, culture conditions and nutrient requirements for bioflocculant production, pre-treatment, and also optimization of waste substrate for bioflocculant synthesis and bioflocculant production from waste and their efficiencies. Utilization of wastes as a microbial nutrient source drastically reduces the cost of bioflocculant production and increases the appeal of bioflocculant as a cost-effective alternative to chemical flocculants.
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Da Silva, Tulane Rodrigues, Daiane Cecchin, Afonso Rangel Garcez De Azevedo, Jonas Alexandre, Izabella Christynne Ribeiro Pinto Valadão, Nivam Alves Bernardino, Dirlane De Fátima Do Carmo, and Patrícia Ferreira Ponciano Ferraz. "Soil-cement blocks: a sustainable alternative for the reuse of industrial solid waste." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais 56, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478956.
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This study aimed to analyze potential industrial solid waste that can be added to soil-cement blocks. A narrative literature review was conducted in the Scopus academic database, using as the search criteria keywords related to the topic, such as soil-cement, building materials, soil-cement blocks, soil-cement bricks, physical and mechanical properties, solid waste, life cycle analysis, and civil construction. A variety of industrial solid waste that can be incorporated into soil-cement blocks was observed, such as waste rock, sludge from water treatment plants, wood sawdust, polyethylene terephthalate fibers (PET), vegetable fibers from loofah, hemp fibers, rice husks, brachiaria grass, poultry eggshells, sugar cane bagasse, wheat and barley straw, welding slag, foundry sand, waste from quartzite mining, construction, and demolition, mechanical turning, pulp industry grains, and steel mill co-products. Among the investigated wastes, those that improved the physical and mechanical properties of the soil-cement blocks were grains from the cellulose industry, rice husks, Brachiaria grass, steel by-products with granulated soil-cement blocks and blast furnace slag. The waste that produced no satisfactory results was sludge from a water treatment plant, sugarcane bagasse, and vegetable loofah. Through this research, it was possible to verify that the behavior of soil-cement blocks is influenced by several factors in their manufacture, mainly regarding the type and percentage of incorporated waste. However, it is important to be concerned with its application in waste blocks so as not to increase the environmental impacts in the long term.
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Amândio, Mariana S. T., Joana M. Pereira, Jorge M. S. Rocha, Luísa S. Serafim, and Ana M. R. B. Xavier. "Getting Value from Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes: On the Way to Sustainability and Circular Economy." Energies 15, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 4105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114105.
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The pulp and paper industry is recognized as a well-established sector, which throughout its process, generates a vast amount of waste streams with the capacity to be valorized. Typically, these residues are burned for energy purposes, but their use as substrates for biological processes could be a more efficient and sustainable alternative. With this aim, it is essential to identify and characterize each type of waste to determine its biotechnological potential. In this context, this research highlights possible alternatives with lower environmental impact and higher revenues. The bio-based pathway should be a promising alternative for the valorization of pulp and paper industry wastes, in particular for bioproduct production such as bioethanol, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and biogas. This article focuses on state of the art regarding the identification and characterization of these wastes, their main applied deconstruction technologies and the valorization pathways reported for the production of the abovementioned bioproducts.
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Englert, Matthias, Simone Mohr, Saleem Chaudry, and Stephan Kurth. "Alternative Disposal Options for High-Level Radioactive Waste." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-259-2021.
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Abstract. Are alternatives to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in a geology repository conceivable? We present the results of the first phase of a research project on the state of the art in science and technology for alternative disposal options. The project is financed by the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management. Most recently, in 2015, the German Commission on the Storage of High-Level Radioactive Waste (Endlagerkommission) evaluated possible disposal technologies and classified them as either promising, conceivable, or to be pursued further. Only final disposal in a geological repository was considered promising. Conceivable, but not immediately available or not advantageous, were storage in deep boreholes (DBs), long-term interim storage (LTIS), and partitioning and transmutation (P&T). All other alternative disposal options by burial, dilution, or removal from the planet were determined not to be worth pursuing. The Disposal Commission did conclude that none of the three conceivable methods (DBs, LTIS, P&T) would result in earlier disposal of high-level radioactive waste than the preferred final disposal in a mine. However, it recommended continued tracking and regular monitoring of the future development of alternative disposal options, e.g., disposal in deep boreholes. Finally, in 2017, with the amended Site Selection Act, the federal government specified disposal in a repository mine with the option of retrieval during operation or recovery for 500 years after closure. In a learning site selection process, the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal (BASE) reviews the proposals of the project managing company, the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE), and prepares a reasoned recommendation to the federal government for a site with the best possible safety. Part of the reasoned recommendation is, among other things, a discussion of alternative disposal options to final disposal in deep geological formations. In the presentation, we report on the status of international research on alternative disposal options, discuss advantages and disadvantages of the technologies, and evaluate the potential of the technologies for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in Germany. The LTIS is designed as dry storage in a building to be constructed above ground or near the surface and is expected to last for a period of several hundred years. With LTIS it would be possible to gain time for the development of a suitable final disposal option; however, this also postpones the disposal issue indefinitely into the future with undetermined methods. DB storage would involve sinking the storage containers into boreholes with depths of up to 5000 m. This could reduce the expense and be particularly advantageous for smaller inventories, although the potential for the use of engineered barriers would be limited and retrievability precluded according to the current state of the art in science and technology. P&T is primarily intended to separate long-lived transuranic elements from high-level radioactive waste and then convert them to short-lived fission products by neutron irradiation in reactors. The main goal is to reduce the necessary containment times in the repository by changing the inventory, but the effort to treat the waste would be significant and a repository for high-level nuclear waste is still needed. More exotic ideas for alternative disposal include deep geological injection of liquid waste, waste forms that melt themselves into rock, storage inside the ocean floor or subduction zones, shipment to space, burial in ice sheets, or dilution in the atmosphere and oceans. None of these exotic options is currently being actively pursued.
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Atika, A. Kamis, R. Syamwil, Widowati, I. S. Fadia, and A. S. Milannis. "Weeds as an environmentally friendly alternative dyes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012037.
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Abstract Synthetic dye liquid waste is a problem in the batik industry. The data showed that there are 5 rivers in Pekalongan which are dark coloured and stinks due to the batik industry’s liquid waste. The test result showed that the waste in upstream contains Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 230 mg/L and 157 mg/L in downstream, while the maximum COD treshold should only be 50 mg/L. Environmentally friendly colouring technology is currently needed in the business. Natural dyes can be an alternative to produce batik. Weeds or parasites are considered an alternative to natural dyes. Weeds are plants which the existence is not wanted by humans. This research was conducted by experimenting the application of extraction of weeds or parasites on batik fabric. The objectives of this study were, the direction of colour produced by weeds or parasites through the extraction process, and analysis of the colour lasting test.
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Gómez-Sanabria, Adriana, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Peter Rafaj, and Wolfgang Schöpp. "Carbon in global waste and wastewater flows – its potential as energy source under alternative future waste management regimes." Advances in Geosciences 45 (August 9, 2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-105-2018.
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Abstract. This study provides a quantification of the maximum energy that can be generated from global waste and wastewater sectors in the timeframe to 2050, as well as of the potential limitations introduced by different future waste and wastewater management regimes. Results show that considerable amounts of carbon are currently stored in waste materials without being recovered for recycling or made available for energy generation. Future levels of energy recovery when maintaining current states of waste and wastewater management systems are contrasted with those that can be attained under a circular system identified here as a system with successful implementation of food and plastic waste reduction policies, maximum recycling rates of all different types of waste streams, and once the recycling capacity is exhausted, incineration of remaining materials to produce energy. Moreover, biogas is assumed to be produced from anaerobic co-digestion of food and garden wastes, animal manure, and anaerobically treated wastewater. Finally, we explore the limits for energy generation from waste and wastewater sources should the efficiency of energy recovery be pushed further through development of existing technology. We find that global implementation of such an ideal system could increase the relative contribution of waste and wastewater sources to global energy demand from 2 % to 9 % by 2040, corresponding to a maximum energy potential of 64 EJ per year. This would however require widespread adoption of policies and infrastructure that stimulate and allow for large-scale waste prevention and separation, as well as highly advanced treatment processes. Giving priority to such efforts would enable circularity of the waste-energy system.
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Saputera, Wibawa Hendra, Aryan Fathoni Amri, Rahman Daiyan, and Dwiwahju Sasongko. "Photocatalytic Technology for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Wastewater Treatment: Current Progress and Future Perspective." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 2846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112846.
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The palm oil industry produces liquid waste called POME (palm oil mill effluent). POME is stated as one of the wastes that are difficult to handle because of its large production and ineffective treatment. It will disturb the ecosystem with a high organic matter content if the waste is disposed directly into the environment. The authorities have established policies and regulations in the POME waste quality standard before being discharged into the environment. However, at this time, there are still many factories in Indonesia that have not been able to meet the standard of POME waste disposal with the existing treatment technology. Currently, the POME treatment system is still using a conventional system known as an open pond system. Although this process can reduce pollutants’ concentration, it will produce much sludge, requiring a large pond area and a long processing time. To overcome the inability of the conventional system to process POME is believed to be a challenge. Extensive effort is being invested in developing alternative technologies for the POME waste treatment to reduce POME waste safely. Several technologies have been studied, such as anaerobic processes, membrane technology, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane technology, adsorption, steam reforming, and coagulation. Among other things, an AOP, namely photocatalytic technology, has the potential to treat POME waste. This paper provides information on the feasibility of photocatalytic technology for treating POME waste. Although there are some challenges in this technology’s large-scale application, this paper proposes several strategies and directions to overcome these challenges.
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Butkutė, Karolina, and Vitoldas Vaitkevičius. "3D concrete printing with wastes for building applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2423/1/012034.
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Abstract This study focuses on the benefits of deploying plastic waste as a promising alternative to main 3D concrete printing (3DCP) binders. 3D printing technology improvements display that this construction method holds a significant potential by not only finding a globally greener way to developing 3D printing composites but also in researching a more sustainable approach to reducing carbon footprint on the planet, and also becoming one of the possibilities in replacing industrial wastes to ordinary Portland cement. As an alternative to ordinary Portland cement this paper analyses secondary raw materials like burnt shale ashes (BSA), plastic waste (PW) granules and grinded foam rubber (FR). These chosen materials help to solve two environmentally relevant problems: elimination of industrial waste and CO2 level reduction in concrete production, meantime enhancing the sustainability of the potential 3D printing concrete mixes that had been modified by wastes. Further review presents respective differences between fresh concrete and hardened mix properties. These experimental studies proved that one of four different mixtures significantly enhanced the stability of the studied parameters.
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Peng, Zhen Guo, Xian Zheng Gong, Yu Liu, Chen Li, and Xiao Liu. "Life Cycle Inventory of Gangue as Alternative Raw Materials." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.533.
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With the development of science and technology and industry level, solid wastes are fully utilized. Among which gangue is the solid waste generated in the process of coal mining, its comprehensive utilization rate is more than 60%. Environmental pollution in the process of coal mining is one of the typical environmental problems confronted in China. In this paper, the life cycle inventory (LCI) of gangue was acquired by the method of life cycle assessment and further environmental impact assessment was achieved as well. The results showed that environmental impacts based on allocation of calorific value were greater than that of economic value, and it’s about 3.68 times the impacts assigned by economic value. Therefore allocation of economic value was better.
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Sari, Novica Ayu, Mayang Ananda Rini, Whindy Ndaru Oktaviani, Rarastika Nur Ghaida, Mega Mutiara Sari, and I. Wayan Koko Suryawan. "Penentuan teknologi pengolahan sampah menjadi energi di Kabupaten Boyolali dengan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.9.1.p.17-24.
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The waste composition in Boyolali Regency consists of 37.13% garden waste. The waste can be treated with a thermal process so that it can be reused for energy. The method of sorting waste with thermal technology consists of various types adapted to the gods. This study aimed to evaluate the most co-cog heat treatment processes for waste processing in Boyolali Regency. The determination process is carried out using a literature review, while the selection process uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The alternatives given in this research are carbonization, pyrolysis, and synergy processes. In the alternative selection, there are three criteria, namely mass balance, CO2 residue, and energy volatility. In terms of mass balance, the waste that the carbonization process can treat tends to be higher than that of the pyrolysis and incineration processes. Meanwhile, the carbonization process is better than pyrolysis and carbonization for wood waste for emission and energy requirements. The result of AHP shows that the carbonization process is suitable to be applied in Boyolali Regency. However, it is necessary to conduct further studies on non-technical aspects to strengthen alternative election results.
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Rögener, Frank. "Filtration technology for beer and beer yeast treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 941, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/941/1/012016.
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Abstract Solid-liquid filtration processes are crucial for the production of beer. Clarification of the green beer generates a clear and bright product with extended colloidal and microbiological shelf live. Conventionally, clear filtration is based on pre-coat filtration using filter aids, such as diatomaceous earth (Kieselguhr). However, the application of Kieselguhr requires strict adherence to occupational safety and health protection, as it is classified as a hazardous substance by the World Health Organisation and can lead to lung diseases. Furthermore, significant amounts of waste filter aids are generated. An alternative to pre-coat filtration is microfiltration that avoids the generation of hazardous wastes. Microfiltration can also be applied in beer yeast treatment. This article highlights major concepts and restriction of the filtration processes.
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Daryanto, Gusti Tedi, Dewi Kurniati, and Shenny Oktoriana. "The Marketing Strategy of Waste-Processed Craft Product in Pontianak City." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 15, no. 3 (September 18, 2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2021.v15.i03.p04.
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Pontianak city produced 400 tons of waste every day. The prevention of waste had been done in various ways; one of them was the utilization of waste by 8 waste banks to be used as craft products with an economic value. The aim of the research was to formulate alternative priority marketing strategies for processed waste craft products in Pontianak. The research method that used was descriptive qualitative methods, surveys and interviews with key informants to obtain SWOT criteria and alternative strategies. This research used primary and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews and surveys that included waste banks data and respondent data, secondary data included waste production in Pontianak City, waste banks in Pontianak City. The data analysis used the combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats (SWOT). The research results showed that the alternative priority for the marketing strategy of processed waste products was the strategy to improve Human Resources (0.462), such as product innovation, conducted comparative study with UKM (small-medium enterprises), made observations of products that people were interest in; information and technology improvement strategies (0.403), such as recruited and trained employees to understand information technology; institutional improvement strategies (0.135), such as upgraded and focused group discussions in the Waste Bank Forum, managed the requirements for marketing in supermarkets
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Voth, Marcus H., and Warren F. Witzig. "Determination of Optimum Alternative Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site/Disposal Technology Combinations." Nuclear Technology 78, no. 3 (September 1987): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt87-a15997.
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Pujaningsih, R. I., Sri Mukodiningsih, and Irjon Pakpahan. "Cassava Waste Processing Technology to Support the Provision of Alternative Feed on Zero Waste Management System of Livestock." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 2595–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8727.
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Duarte, E. A., and I. Neto. "Evaporation phenomenon as a waste management technology." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 8 (April 1, 1996): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0152.
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The problems concerned with waste management abound in most regions of the world, and so, efforts must be made to assess the global level of pollution and to understand the major factors involved in order to propose efficient waste treatment technologies. This must be compatible with environmental and economic conditions and appropriate to semi-urban settlements, isolated communities and a variety of industrial situations. The main purpose of this paper is to present recent waste management technology as an alternative solution to traditional treatment systems in regions where those systems are not economically or technically feasible, using for this purpose the advantages of climatic conditions (air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed). This integrated technology combines two different processes: optimization of the solid/liquid separation, using a decanter, followed by the utilization of evaporation panels to eliminate the liquid fraction of the effluent, optimizing by this way the evaporation phenomenon, which is so important and resolute in certain cases, that it is absurd not to exploit it intensely. The technology presented was followed by a research programme developed in the last three years, implemented in an agro-industrial unit located in a high polluted area of Portugal, with the aim to evaluate its efficiency and optimize the performance parameters. The conclusions of this research programme emphasized the importance of the evaporation phenomenon as a simple solution to deal with complex environmental problems.
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Zizka, Tomas. "The Alternative concept - external steam-gas heat exchanger (DaGaVo)." MATEC Web of Conferences 367 (2022): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236700024.
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In Waste to Energy plants ((WtE)) is treatment of municipal solid waste a complex process that places strictly demands on design and operation of technology. As part of the general renovation of the WtE plant in Prague Malesice was installed an alternative concept for flue gas heating in front of Selective Catalytic Reduction System (SCR) DeNOx. This concept replaced the original flue gas heating with natural gas burners with steam heating using an external steam-gas heat exchanger (DaGAVo). This alternative concept aims to reduce natural gas consumption, reduce secondary emissions and increase the energy efficiency of the installation.
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Syaiful, Ferry Lismanto, Dewa Tirta Diva, and Mahdiatul Hafizoh. "PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI AMONIASI JERAMI SEBAGAI PAKAN ALTERNATIF SAPI POTONG DI KENAGARIAN SUNGAI KUNYIT, SOLOK SELATAN." Jurnal Hilirisasi IPTEKS 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jhi.v3i1.435.
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The feed is an essential requirement in cattle farming. The need for cattle feed reaches 80% of the cost of raising livestock. To reduce the cost of this feed, we need an alternative feed at a low price. Ammonia straw is one way to process agricultural waste products into alternative feed used for beef cattle feed. This ammonia feed technology is an efficient method for improving the quality of straw as animal feed. The objectives of this activity are 1. to increase the knowledge and understanding of cattle breeders in the use of straw waste as an alternative feed for cattle for feed cost efficiency, 2. to increase the productivity of cattle through straw ammonia feed technology, and 3. to increase the welfare of breeders by utilizing rice straw waste as feed. Livestock. The method used in this activity is counseling, demonstration of straw ammonia, and evaluating the application of straw ammonia technology as an alternative feed source for breeders. The extension method is carried out by giving lectures on the use and processing of straw waste as animal feed. Meanwhile, a demonstration of processing straw waste as ammoniated feed. The targets of this activity are farmers and the community in Kenagarian Sungai Kunyit. The results obtained from this activity, activity participants can gain knowledge and understanding in processing ammonia feed as an alternative feed. The use of ammonia feed can overcome the shortage of animal feed in the dry season/famine, overcoming environmental pollution from agricultural waste/straw. Ammoniated straw feed can also increase the digestibility of livestock so that it can increase livestock productivity. Cattle farmers in Kenagarian Sungai Kunyit can make their straw ammonia feed. Ammoniated feed can reduce feed costs, and livestock is more profitable.
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Тяглов, С. Г., В. А. Козловский, С. А. Колясников, and А. А. Харагоргиев-Тяглов. "WASTE THERMAL PROCESSING - AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THEIR UTILIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Финансовые Исследования, no. 2(75) (October 5, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54220/finis.1991-0525.2022.75.2.007.
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Цель. Представленная статья охватывает вопросы обоснования преимуществ технологии термической переработки отходов производства и потребления как способа их утилизации, снижения экологического вреда и направления развития альтернативной энергетики в РФ. Структура/методология/подход. Актуальность данного исследования состоит в экономическом обосновании внедрения технологий термической обработки отходов для их вовлечения в хозяйственный оборот и предоставляет схематическое представление технологического процесса их переработки. Косвенным результатом является сокращение уже имеющихся свалок в городах и муниципальных образованиях РФ. Результаты. В статье обосновано, что способ термической переработки отходов производства и потребления является перспективным по причине его технологической простоты и возможности решить две важные экологические задачи - уменьшение вреда окружающей среде (сокращение площадей свалок, снижение выбросов и сбросов вредных веществ) и получение возобновляемых источников энергии. Оригинальность/значение. На основе проведенного исследования сформированы выводы и рекомендации, использование которых будет способствовать активизации процесса внедрения технологий термической переработки отходов, способствовать строительству и развитию предприятий в области комплексной системы обращения с отходами. Практическая значимость состоит в схематизации процесса термической переработки отходов производства и потребления. The presented article covers the advantages of the technology of thermal processing of production and consumption wastes as a way of their disposal, reducing environmental harm and the direction of development of alternative energy in the Russian Federation. The relevance of this study lies in the economic justification for the introduction of waste heat treatment technologies for their involvement in economic circulation and provides a schematic representation of the technological process of their processing. An indirect result is the reduction of existing landfills in cities and municipalities of the Russian Federation. The article substantiates that the method of thermal processing of production and consumption waste is promising due to its technological simplicity and the ability to solve two important environmental problems - reducing environmental damage (reducing landfill areas, reducing emissions and discharges of harmful substances) and obtaining renewable energy sources. On the basis of the study, conclusions and recommendations were formed, the use of which will contribute to the activation of the process of introducing thermal waste processing technologies, to promote the construction and development of enterprises in the field of an integrated waste management system. The practical significance lies in the schematization of the process of thermal processing of production and consumption waste.
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Chandrasekhar, K., A. Naresh Kumar, Tirath Raj, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, and Sang-Hyoun Kim. "Bioelectrochemical system-mediated waste valorization." Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 1, no. 4 (July 9, 2021): 432–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43393-021-00039-7.
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AbstractBioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a new and emerging technology in the field of fermentation technology. Electrical energy was provided externally to the microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to generate hydrogen or value-added chemicals, including caustic, formic acid, acetic acid, and peroxide. Also, BES was designed to recover nutrients, metals or remove recalcitrant compounds. The variety of naturally existing microorganisms and enzymes act as a biocatalyst to induce potential differences amid the electrodes. BESs can be performed with non-catalyzed electrodes (both anode and cathode) under favorable circumstances, unlike conventional fuel cells. In recent years, value-added chemical producing microbial electrosynthesis (MES) technology has intensely broadened the prospect for BES. An additional strategy includes the introduction of innovative technologies that help with the manufacturing of alternative materials for electrode preparation, ion-exchange membranes, and pioneering designs. Because of this, BES is emerging as a promising technology. This article deliberates recent signs of progress in BESs so far, focusing on their diverse applications beyond electricity generation and resulting performance.
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.35.
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The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 3, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-jh3zmh.
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The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Rimantho, Dino, and Gita Azizah Putri. "Decision-Making Strategy of Hospital Waste Management Using the TOPSIS Method." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v19i2.341-350.
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Clinical waste is likely to include disease-causing microorganisms, chemical wastes, and other treatments used to treat different conditions, whether solid or liquid. As a result, clinical wastes have a more significant potential for pathogenicity and toxicity than most other types of waste in all of their forms. This study aims to design a strategic decision model for managing medical waste from hospitals. The method used in this research is the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to three people from various fields: hospital waste management experts, academics, and the environmental service. The results show that the preference for the best hospital waste management strategy is SOP improvement with a weight of 0.6576. Furthermore, the alternative of investing in environmentally friendly technology, 3R campaigns, and outreach to employees and visitors received a weight of about 0.4885, 0.2973, and 0.3393, respectively. This study can be a reference for research related to decision-making strategies and the field of hospital waste management.
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Stąsiek, Jan, and Marek Szkodo. "Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Municipal Waste into Useful Energy Using Advanced HiTAG/HiTSG Technology." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164218.
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An advanced thermal conversion system involving high-temperature gasification of biomass and municipal waste into biofuel, syngas or hydrogen-rich gas is presented in this paper. The decomposition of solid biomass and wastes by gasification is carried out experimentally with a modern and innovative regenerator and updraft continuous gasifier, among others. A ceramic high-cycle regenerator provides extra energy for the thermal conversion of biomass or any other solids waste. Highly preheated air and steam gas (heated up to 1600 °C) was used as an oxidizing or gasification agent (feed gas). Preheated feed gas also enhances the thermal decomposition of the gasification solids for fuel gas. However, the main objective of this work is to promote new and advanced technology for the thermochemical conversion of biomass for alternative energy production. Selected results from experimental and numerical studies are also presented.
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Hasnaningrum, Hafizha, Betanti Ridhosari, I. Wayan Koko Suryawan, and Ariyanti Sarwono. "DETERMINATION OF RECYCLE WATER TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AT UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA AREA WITH ANALYTICAL HIRACHY PROCESS (AHP)." Matriks Teknik Sipil 9, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/mateksi.v9i3.52739.
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<p><em>The wastewater treatment plant (</em><em>WWTP</em><em>) at the </em><em>Universitas Pertamina</em><em> </em><em>area </em><em>is one of the campus's efforts to reduce the environmental impact of wastewater production. The processed WWTP can be processed into ready-to-drink water as an effort to reduce plastic waste. This plastic waste is usually produced by the consumption of mineral water products. The availability of ready-to-drink water in the campus complex is expected to increase the interest of campus residents to use tumblers and reduce the generation of plastic waste as well as university proactive efforts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the units needed to process WWTP effluent into ready-to-drink water by looking at various alternatives. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in determining the best alternative. The units required for each alternative are equalization tub, slow sand filter, and disinfection. Meanwhile, for processing, there are three alternatives, namely microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and combined microfiltration – ultra-filtration (MF-UF). The selection of these alternatives was adjusted to the criteria of cost, required membrane area, flux recovery after backwashing, and the effectiveness of total coliform removal. MF filtration technology is the largest weight, which is 0.381. Where the use of MF in the </em><em>Universitas Pertamina</em><em> </em><em>area</em><em> is cheaper and requires better area than UF and MF-UF technology.</em></p>
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Kaneesamkandi, Zakariya, Ateekh Ur Rehman, Yusuf Siraj Usmani, and Usama Umer. "Methodology for Assessment of Alternative Waste Treatment Strategies Using Entropy Weights." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 6689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166689.
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Energy recovery from municipal solid waste is one of the means to attain sustainable development. Multiple factors involving several location specific situations, both measurable and intangible, makes decision making for technology selection very difficult. In this paper, a multi criterion evaluation system for municipal solid waste treatment strategies is established on the basis of specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and trackable situations, to prove the effectiveness of this method. From among various alternatives, three prominent strategies, namely, incineration, anaerobic digestion and composting are considered for the evaluation. Exhaustive data collection is done from conducting field studies, as well as from published data. Three types of communities are evaluated by this technique, namely, typical cities in developed countries, ‘A’ grade cities in India and ‘B’ grade cities in India. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of community specific situations on the right choice of waste disposal method using a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach, where weights of criteria are determined by means of entropy weight method. The case study shows that the proposed evaluation results are reliable, which are more coincident with the reality, since the most relevant factors for selection have been used backed by exhaustive field data collection. Policy makers gain from the outcome of this study by guiding them through technology selection. So, the adopted approach should be promoted widely in the evaluation of waste treatment strategies, to realize sustainable development.
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Dobrovszky, Károly, and Ferenc Ronkay. "Alternative polymer separation technology by centrifugal force in a melted state." Waste Management 34, no. 11 (November 2014): 2104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.006.
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Jabhade, Shailesh B., Ajinkya C. Bhosale, Prasad B. Maske, Shashikant B. Pavane, and Swati Mane. "A Study of Garbage Enzyme Solution." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41726.
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Abstract: Garbage enzyme is obtained by fermenting fruit and vegetable wastes. This alternative method of biological recovery of organic waste may provide a solution to waste minimization and reduction since a large proportion of municipal solid waste consists of food waste. A study was conducted to assess the implementation of garbage enzyme making and usage as an initiative to reduce the amount of municipal solid waste generated by a hawker community. It was found that practical values, communal spirit and awareness of environmental consequences were among the factors that encourage the practice of garbage enzyme making, while ignorance, time and convenience factors hinder garbage enzyme making and usage. Taking these factors into consideration, municipalities could promote garbage enzyme as a viable method in reducing the amount of MSW generated. Keywords: garbage enzyme, anti-microbial.
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Jabhade, Shailesh B., Ajinkya C. Bhosale, Prasad B. Maske, Shashikant B. Pavane, and Swati Mane. "A Study of Garbage Enzyme Solution." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41726.
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Abstract: Garbage enzyme is obtained by fermenting fruit and vegetable wastes. This alternative method of biological recovery of organic waste may provide a solution to waste minimization and reduction since a large proportion of municipal solid waste consists of food waste. A study was conducted to assess the implementation of garbage enzyme making and usage as an initiative to reduce the amount of municipal solid waste generated by a hawker community. It was found that practical values, communal spirit and awareness of environmental consequences were among the factors that encourage the practice of garbage enzyme making, while ignorance, time and convenience factors hinder garbage enzyme making and usage. Taking these factors into consideration, municipalities could promote garbage enzyme as a viable method in reducing the amount of MSW generated. Keywords: garbage enzyme, anti-microbial.
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Shahid, Kanwal, Varsha Srivastava, and Mika Sillanpää. "Protein recovery as a resource from waste specifically via membrane technology—from waste to wonder." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 8 (January 13, 2021): 10262–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12290-x.
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AbstractEconomic growth and the rapid increase in the world population has led to a greater need for natural resources, which in turn, has put pressure on said resources along with the environment. Water, food, and energy, among other resources, pose a huge challenge. Numerous essential resources, including organic substances and valuable nutrients, can be found in wastewater, and these could be recovered with efficient technologies. Protein recovery from waste streams can provide an alternative resource that could be utilized as animal feed. Membrane separation, adsorption, and microbe-assisted protein recovery have been proposed as technologies that could be used for the aforementioned protein recovery. This present study focuses on the applicability of different technologies for protein recovery from different wastewaters. Membrane technology has been proven to be efficient for the effective concentration of proteins from waste sources. The main emphasis of the present short communication is to explore the possible strategies that could be utilized to recover or restore proteins from different wastewater sources. The presented study emphasizes the applicability of the recovery of proteins from various waste sources using membranes and the combination of the membrane process. Future research should focus on novel technologies that can help in the efficient extraction of these high-value compounds from wastes. Lastly, this short communication will evaluate the possibility of integrating membrane technology. This study will discuss the important proteins present in different industrial waste streams, such as those of potatoes, poultry, dairy, seafood and alfalfa, and the possible state of the art technologies for the recovery of these valuable proteins from the wastewater. Graphical abstract
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Jalil, Zahraa Ali, Hafeth I. Naji, and Mohammed Shihab Mahmood. "Developing Sustainable Alternatives from Destroyed Buildings Waste for Reconstruction Projects." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091453.
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This paper examines the huge destruction that has taken place in some cities of Iraq due to the terrorist acts in recent years that led to the destruction of many buildings. It examines some of the factors that encourage the use of residues of these buildings in reconstruction processes, especially the sustainability factor, so that some residues of these buildings can be used as substitutes for natural building materials and find a difference in terms of energy consumption in the case of using natural building materials and again in the case of using the proposed alternatives. In this study, three alternatives were used: 10% recycled fine aggregates (RFA), 100% RFA, and crushed clay brick aggregate (CCBA) to produce recycled coarse aggregates. The results obtained through the use of building information modeling (BIM) technology were compared with the actual consumption of the building in the case of reconstruction using natural building materials. The simulation results were comparable to real data. They were analyzed in terms of the energy consumption life cycle and annual carbon emissions for each alternative. The best alternative was selected from the results obtained from BIM. The best alternative was found in the use of CCBA in the production of concrete roofs and floors. His final model is that the energy consumption was five times lower than the original unit, while the results of carbon emissions were equal as for the electricity consumption decreased from 23,500 kW/h to less than 23,000 kW/h.
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Chung, Jae Wook, Gabriel Gerner, Ekaterina Ovsyannikova, Alexander Treichler, Urs Baier, Judy Libra, and Rolf Krebs. "Hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative sanitation technology: process optimization and development of low-cost reactor." Open Research Europe 1 (November 26, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14306.1.
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Background: The provision of safe sanitation services is essential for human well-being and environmental integrity, but it is often lacking in less developed communities with insufficient financial and technical resources. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as an alternative sanitation technology, producing value-added products from faecal waste. We evaluated the HTC technology for raw human waste treatment in terms of resource recovery. In addition, we constructed and tested a low-cost HTC reactor for its technical feasibility. Methods: Raw human faeces were hydrothermally treated in a mild severity range (≤ 200 °C and ≤ 1 hr). The total energy recovery was analysed from the energy input, higher heating value (HHV) of hydrochar and biomethane potential of process water. The nutrient contents were recovered through struvite precipitation employing process water and acid leachate from hydrochar ash. A bench-scale low-cost reactor (BLR) was developed using widely available materials and tested for human faeces treatment. Results: The hydrochar had HHVs (23.2 - 25.2 MJ/kg) comparable to bituminous coal. The calorific value of hydrochar accounted for more than 90% of the total energy recovery. Around 78% of phosphorus in feedstock was retained in hydrochar ash, while 15% was in process water. 72% of the initial phosphorus can be recovered as struvite when deficient Mg and NH4 are supplemented. The experiments with BLR showed stable operation for faecal waste treatment with an energy efficiency comparable to a commercial reactor system. Conclusions: This research presents a proof of concept for the hydrothermal treatment of faecal waste as an alternative sanitation technology, by providing a quantitative evaluation of the resource recovery of energy and nutrients. The experiments with the BLR demonstrate the technical feasibility of the low-cost reactor and support its further development on a larger scale to reach practical implementation.
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Robbins, Rebecca A., and Michael I. Ojovan. "Vitreous Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilisation and IAEA Support Activities." MRS Advances 1, no. 63-64 (2016): 4201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.209.
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ABSTRACTVitreous materials are the overwhelming world-wide choice for the immobilisation of HLW resulting from nuclear fuel reprocessing due to glass tolerance for the chemical elements found in the waste as well as its inherent stability and durability. Vitrification is a mature technology and has been used for high-level nuclear waste immobilization for more than 50 years. Borosilicate glass is the formulation of choice in most applications although other formulations are also used e.g. phosphate glasses are used to immobilize high level wastes in Russia. The excellent durability of vitrified radioactive waste ensures a high degree of environment protection. Waste vitrification gives high waste volume reduction along with simple and cheap disposal facilities. Although vitrification requires a high initial investment and then operational costs, the overall cost of vitrified radioactive waste is usually lower than alternative options when account is taken of transportation and disposal expenses. Glass has proven to be also a suitable matrix for intermediate and low-level radioactive wastes and is currently used to treat legacy waste in USA, and NPP operational waste in Russia and South Korea. This report is also outlining IAEA activities aiming to support utilisation of vitreous materials for nuclear waste immobilisation.
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Assi, Ahmad, Stefania Federici, Fabjola Bilo, Annalisa Zacco, Laura E. Depero, and Elza Bontempi. "Increased Sustainability of Carbon Dioxide Mineral Sequestration by a Technology Involving Fly Ash Stabilization." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2019): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172714.
Full textAbstract:
Mineral carbonation, involving reactions of alkaline earth oxides with CO2, has received great attention, as a potential carbon dioxide sequestration technology. Indeed, once converted into mineral carbonate, CO2 can be permanently stored in an inert phase. Several studies have been focalized to the utilization of industrial waste as a feedstock and the reuse of some by-products as possible materials for the carbonation reactions. In this work municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and other ashes, as bottom ash, coal fly ash, flue gas desulphurization residues, and silica fume, are stabilized by low-cost technologies. In this context, the CO2 is used as a raw material to favor the chemical stabilization of the wastes, by taking advantage of the pH reduction. Four different stabilization treatments at room temperature are performed and the carbonation reaction evaluated for three months. The crystalline calcium carbonate phase was quantified by the Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Results highlight that the proposed stabilization strategy promotes CO2 sequestration, with the formation of different calcium carbonate phases, depending on the wastes. This new sustainable and promising technology can be an alternative to more onerous mineral carbonation processes for the carbon dioxide sequestration.
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Laza, Evelin-Anda, Oana Cristea, and Nicoleta Ungureanu. "Technology for biohumus production, an alternative to conventional fertilizers for bio agriculture." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128603014.
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Composting is the process of decomposition and transformation of solid organic substances by microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) into a stable material, which can be used (depending on characteristics) in agriculture, instead of chemical fertilizers or land improvement works (soil improvement. The composting process consists of two stages: mechanical treatment and decomposition (fermentation). In the case of mechanical treatment, the waste is crushed, homogenized and prepared for biological treatment, fermentation. The fermentation stage consists in three main stages, namely the mesophilic fermentation stage, the thermophilic fermentation stage and the maturation stage of the compost.
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Castillo-González, Eduardo, Lorena De Medina-Salas, Mario Rafael Giraldi-Díaz, and Cipriano Sánchez-Noguez. "Vermicomposting: A Valorization Alternative for Corn Cob Waste." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 5692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125692.
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As vermicomposting has become a viable alternative for the valorization of organic waste; the objectives of this research were to (1) assess the feasibility of said process for corn cob waste (corn cobs and corn husks) and (2) evaluate the operation conditions for the biodegradation of different mixtures with load material (LM). LM did not include animal excreta as a nitrogen source, a practice widely used in a range of studies. The experiment consisted of an initial phase of pre-composting in order to obtain a partially stabilized substrate. Subsequently, four separate mixtures were made consisting of corn cob waste mixed with consistent load material (LM) containing vegetable waste and eggshells (CR, M1, M2, M3) to obtain a balance substrate able to facilitate degradation using Eisenia fetida earthworms. The following parameters were analyzed during the control process: temperature, pH, humidity, organic material (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The analysis of the final values of the stabilized mixtures showed that vermicomposting is indeed a feasible alternative for the degradation of corn cob waste for use as a soil improver.