Journal articles: 'Altruism. Personality'

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Herringer, Lawrence G. "Relating Values and Personality Traits." Psychological Reports 83, no. 3 (December 1998): 953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3.953.

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Measures of traits of Goldberg's five factor model were correlated with value domain scores from the Rokeach Value Survey for a sample of 65 undergraduate students. Specific values were significantly related to scores on Openness (Conformity, Self-direction, Maturity, Altruism), Conscientiousness (Security, Achievement, Maturity, Altruism), Agreeableness (Achievement, Altruism), and Neuroticism (Conformity). The results underscore the commonalities between traits and values and raise questions about their respective conceptualizations.

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Homant, Robert J. "Risky Altruism as a Predictor of Criminal Victimization." Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, no. 11 (September 30, 2010): 1195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854810378841.

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This research tested the hypothesis that risky altruism is a significant predictor of criminal victimization. Two hundred sixty-eight respondents filled out a questionnaire measuring their experiences as crime victims, several personality variables, and their degree of altruism. Using factor analysis, a general altruism scale was subdivided into risky and safe altruism. Risky altruism correlated .31 with victimization, compared to .09 for safe altruism. This basic finding was true for both personal and property crime, and the pattern held for four different subgroups: a student sample and citizens from high-, moderate-, and low-crime areas. Separate measures of recent victimization and victimization directly related to helping someone (altruistic victimization) also showed significant relationships with risky altruism. Risky and safe altruism had different patterns of relationships with personality variables, with risky altruism being less related to prosocial personality, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and more related to extraversion and sensation seeking.

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Ashton, Michael C., Sampo V. Paunonen, Edward Helmes, and Douglas N. Jackson. "Kin Altruism, Reciprocal Altruism, and the Big Five Personality Factors." Evolution and Human Behavior 19, no. 4 (July 1998): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-5138(98)00009-9.

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Oda, Ryo, Wataru Machii, Shinpei Takagi, Yuta Kato, Mia Takeda, Toko Kiyonari, Yasuyuki Fukukawa, and Kai Hiraishi. "Personality and altruism in daily life." Personality and Individual Differences 56 (January 2014): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.017.

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Lv, Aiqin, Ran Lv, Haixia Xu, Yujun Ning, and Ying Ning. "Team Autonomy Amplifies the Positive Effects of Proactive Personality on Work Engagement." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 1071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6830.

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From the perspective of the interaction of person and situation, we examined the effects of proactive personality on inrole performance investment and extrarole behavior of employees, and how these effects are amplified by situational conditions. Specifically, we investigated the effects of proactive personality on employees’ work engagement and altruism, and the moderating effect of team-level autonomy on these effects. Data were collected from 464 nurses and their supervisors in 75 teams at 4 hospitals in Shandong, China. Results suggest that proactive personality is positively related to work engagement and altruism of employees. The positive relationship between proactive personality and work engagement is stronger with a higher level of team autonomy, whereas the positive relationship between proactive personality and altruism is not significantly moderated by degree of team autonomy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Kerekes, Zsuzsanna. "The Presence of Others, Prosocial Traits, Machiavellianism." Social Psychology 41, no. 4 (January 2010): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000032.

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The presence of others has long been known to have an effect on people’s decisions to engage in more helping behavior, but relatively few studies have examined the interaction between the observation of the helping act and various personality traits of the altruist person. In the present study, subjects were asked to volunteer by offering a less and a more costly charity service in public and under anonymous conditions. We found that prosocial personality traits showed relative independence of situational factors. Scores on the scale of Machiavellianism, in contrast, proved to be strongly dependent on the presence of others, but not on the cost of the offered charity act. Those obtaining high scores on this scale (high-Mach persons) disguised their selfishness and pretended altruism in the presence of others, but realized their self-interest when others were not observing their behavior. This responsiveness to the strategic distinction between the presence and absence of others is discussed in terms of reputation-gaining and competitive altruism.

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Ando, Juko, and Tetsuya Kawamoto. "Genetic and Environmental Structure of Altruism Characterized by Recipients in Relation to Personality." Medicina 57, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060593.

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Background and Objectives: Altruism is a form of prosocial behavior with the goal of increasing the fitness of another individual as a recipient while reducing the fitness of the actor. Although there are many studies on its heterogeneity, only a few behavioral genetic studies have been conducted to examine different recipient types: family members favored by kin selection, the dynamic network of friends and acquaintances as direct reciprocity, and strangers as indirect reciprocity. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the genetic and environmental structure of altruism with reference to recipient types measured by the self-report altruism scale distinguished by the recipient (the SRAS-DR) and examine the relationship to personality dimensions measured by the NEO-FFI with a sample of 461 adult Japanese twin pairs. Results: The present study shows that there is a single common factor of altruism: additive genetic effects explain 51% of altruism without a shared environmental contribution. The genetic contribution of this single common factor is explained by the genetic factors of neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness to experience (O), and conscientiousness (C), as well as a common genetic factor specific to altruism. Only altruism toward strangers is affected by shared environmental factors. Conclusions: Different types of altruistic personality are constructed by specific combinational profiles of general personality traits such as the Big Five as well as a genetic factor specific to altruism in each specific way.

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Sindermann, Cornelia, René Riedl, and Christian Montag. "Investigating the Relationship between Personality and Technology Acceptance with a Focus on the Smartphone from a Gender Perspective: Results of an Exploratory Survey Study." Future Internet 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12070110.

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Prior research found that user personality significantly affects technology acceptance perceptions and decisions. Yet, evidence on the moderating influence of user gender on the relationship between personality and technology acceptance is barely existent despite theoretical consideration. Considering this research gap, the present study reports the results of a survey in which we examined the relationships between personality and technology acceptance from a gender perspective. This study draws upon a sample of N = 686 participants (n = 209 men, n = 477 women) and applied the HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised along with established technology acceptance measures. The major result of this study is that we do not find significant influence of user gender on the relationship between personality and technology acceptance, except for one aspect of personality, namely altruism. We found a negative association between altruism and intention to use the smartphone in men, but a positive association in women. Consistent with this finding, we also found the same association pattern for altruism and predicted usage: a negative one in men and a positive one in women. Implications for research and practice are discussed, along with limitations of the present study and possible avenues for future research.

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Oda, Ryo, and Kai Hiraishi. "Effect of Altruism in Daily Life and Personality Traits on Professional Hospitality." Japanese Journal of Personality 23, no. 3 (2015): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2132/personality.23.193.

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Batson, C. Daniel, Michelle H. Bolen, Julie A. Cross, and Helen E. Neuringer-Benefiel. "Where is the altruism in the altruistic personality?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, no. 1 (1986): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.1.212.

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Dargan, Sereena, and Julie Aitken Schermer. "Predicting altruism with personality “beyond” the Big Five." Personality and Individual Differences 185 (February 2022): 111258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111258.

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Raluca MAXIM, Ionela. "Conscientiousness and Altruism Impacting Supersonic Aircraft Fighter Pilots Performance." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v2i2.148.

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Research demonstrated that personality traits of fighter pilots have impact on their performance. The prediction of supersonic fighter pilots performance and professional success can be made by assessment of the levels of personality traits of those individuals that are selected to practice this profession. The present research examined if the personality traits (self-efficacy, orderliness, dutifulness and altruism) can predict the level of performance of the fighter pilots on supersonic aircraft, by using the “IPIP NEO” (International Personality Item Pool NEO) based on Big Five model and inter-evaluation method within group of supersonic fighter pilots. The results indicated that the high performance of supersonic aircraft fighter pilots can be predicted by high levels of above-mentioned personality traits and that there is a significant positive relation between those variables. The great need for success, the desire to adapt, to overcome their limitations and to face the difficulties, allow pilots to exercise their profession with all the special requirements of missions and the challenges in air combat.

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M. Drea, Kelsey, Mitch Brown, and Donald F. Sacco. "Functional altruism among agreeable and narcissistic donors." Psihologijske teme 30, no. 1 (2021): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.30.1.7.

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Given the increasing popularity of crowdsourced fundraisers, understanding how characteristics of funding initiatives and donors influence donations has critical real-world implications. Across two studies, we identified potential situational factors most conducive to successful crowdsourcing while also determining whether individual differences in various personality factors predicted differing levels of donation. Participants in Study 1 (MAge = 19.99; 309 women, 75 men) viewed descriptions that manipulated donation type (organizer donation, anonymous donation, no donation) and type of fundraiser (self-organized, other-organized), and reported their willingness to donate to an individual’s medical treatment and completed inventories assessing Big Five personality traits. In Study 2 participants (MAge = 20.22; 322 women, 102 men) viewed vignettes describing fundraisers for an individual’s vacation fun and completed inventories assessing participantslevels of narcissism using the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Higher agreeableness in men predicted heightened donation interest, regardless of type of cause, particularly when someone else has already donated (Study 1). Unexpectedly, narcissistic men and women both reported heightened donation interest (Study 2). We frame these findings through a framework assessing the adaptive utility of altruism as a function of personality in modern donation contexts.

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Furnham, Adrian, Luke Treglown, Gillian Hyde, and Geoff Trickey. "The Bright and Dark Side of Altruism: Demographic, Personality Traits, and Disorders Associated with Altruism." Journal of Business Ethics 134, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2435-x.

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Shulzhenko, Dina, and Khristina Sayko. "Psychological characteristics of remedial teachers of different altruism levels." Journal of Education Culture and Society 6, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20152.93.101.

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The authors of this paper studied psychological characteristics of remedial teachers with different altruism levels. Altruism is a motive to render assistance to anyone not consciously related to one’s own selfish interests. Subjectively it manifests itself in sympathy, being oriented towards helping others. Altruism is opposed to selfishness, which is incompatible with disinterested concern for the welfare of others and willingness to sacrifice personal interests for them. The main driving force behind altruistic behaviour is a drive to improve the situation of others rather than expecting some reward. In psychology, altruism is considered as a system of personality value priorities in which interests of another person or social community are a central motive and a moral evaluation criterion.

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Chen, Minyan. "A Mental Examination---Using Personality to predict Happiness, Altruism and Health." SHS Web of Conferences 60 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196001006.

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According to professor Jokela, psychologists can know the social functioning of a person only by assessing their Personality traits. However, empirical studies have been focused on building linear regressions between only one facet of personality and Life Satisfaction, Altruism and Health accordingly; also, the accuracy of the prediction remained debatable. In practice, scales online help researchers to get data measurements of participants’ information needed in the study. Gradient descent works by building the optimized multiple linear regression to model the relationship of a lot of inputs and a single output; python programs enable researchers to test the accuracy of the predicted output of the regressions. The data was from a preparing study by another group of graduated students from Cambridge University, and it contained information of 1769 participants. By splitting the sample into testing sample (33%) and training sample (67%), three multiple linear regressions were built to model the relationship between 120 Personality items and an average Life Satisfaction score, Altruism score and Health score using the training sample; then, the accuracy of the models was tested using the testing sample. According to the small p-values of correlation between the y-reported and y-predicted for all the three predictions, the probability of getting extreme values was very small, which ensured the reliability of these prediction. According to Cohen’s conventions about effect size of correlation in Psychology and another authorized peer research, the Pearson-correlation value of Personality & Life Satisfaction regression shows a very high accuracy of using Personality to predict Life Satisfaction; also, the correlation values for Personality & Altruism and Personality & Health are also above moderate, which indicate nice and acceptable predictability for two regressions.

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ODA, Ryo, Mia TAKEDA, Toko KIYONARI, Yasuyuki FUKUKAWA, and Kai HIRAISHI. "Effects of personality on altruism measured by SRAS-DR." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 2PM—054–2PM—054. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_2pm-054.

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Campbell, Robert L., and John Chambers Christopher. "Beyond Formalism and Altruism: The Prospects for Moral Personality." Developmental Review 16, no. 1 (March 1996): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/drev.1996.0004.

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Prudkov, Pavel N., and Olga N. Rodina. "On Altruism Toward Nonhuman Animals." Society & Animals 24, no. 4 (August 18, 2016): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341419.

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The authors studied the motivation of nonhuman animal protectors engaged in caring for homeless animals. They were compared with individuals not involved in this activity. There were two hypotheses regarding the motivation. One hypothesis proposed animal protection is a substitute for people not satisfied with their family life and/or work. Another hypothesis suggested personality traits made some individuals attentive to the plight of humans and animals. The authors gathered demographic information and used an inventory on altruism toward humans and animals. There were no distinctions in demographics. The factor analysis of the inventory revealed two factors. One factor was altruism toward animals and another factor was altruism toward humans. Animal protectors scored high on the first factor and low on the second. Non-animal protectors demonstrated the opposite distribution of scores. This is inconsistent with the second hypothesis. Altruism toward animals and altruism toward humans may result from different mechanisms.

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McAndrew, Francis T., and Carin Perilloux. "Is Self-Sacrificial Competitive Altruism Primarily a Male Activity?" Evolutionary Psychology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 147470491201000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470491201000107.

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This study explored the basis of self-sacrificial prosocial behavior in small groups. Seventy-eight undergraduates (39M, 39F) filled out a thirty-item personality scale and then participated in a “group problem-solving study” in which the monetary success of a three-person group depended upon one of its members volunteering to endure pain (a cold stressor test) and inconvenience (being soaked in a dunk tank). There were 13 groups consisting of two females and one male, and 13 groups consisting of two males and one female. Across groups, the behavior of the altruist was judged to be more costly, challenging, and important and he/she was liked better, rewarded with more money, and preferred as a future experimental partner. Groups containing two males showed more evidence of competition to become altruists than groups containing two females, and personality traits were more effective predictors of altruistic behavior in males than in females. We conclude that competition between males and “showing off” are key factors in triggering self-sacrificial altruistic behavior.

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Macedo, A., A. I. Araújo, C. Cabaços, M. J. Brito, L. Mendonça, and A. T. Pereira. "Personality Dark Triad: Portuguese Validation of the Dirty Dozen." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1268.

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IntroductionThe Dark Triad is a term used to describe a constellation of three socially undesirable personality traits: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Contrary to Altruism (the desire to help others with no personal reward or gain), these traits are harmful to others. Given the increased scientific interest on the dark triad, Jonason and Webster developed a shorter questionnaire to evaluate these three independent-yet-related constructs with only 12 items – Dirty Dozen (D12).ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Dirty Dozen.MethodsA community sample composed of 286 university students (69.2% females; mean age = 21.09 ± 2.133; range: 17–33) answered the Portuguese preliminary versions of the Dirty Dozen and of the Altruism dimension from HEXACO-100. To study the temporal stability, 30 participants (66.7% females) answered the D12 again after six weeks.ResultsThe EA Cronbach alpha was “very good” (a = 0.72). Following Kaiser and Cattel Scree Plot criteria, three meaningful factors were extracted which explained variance (EV) was of 54.64%: F1 Machiavellianism (EV 32.07%; a = 0.73), F2 Narcissism (13.665%; a = 0.74), F3 Psychopathy (8.90%; a = 0.64). The test-retest correlation coefficients were high, positive and significant for the total D12 and its dimensions (r > 0.70; P < 0.001). Pearson correlations of D12 total and dimensional scores and Altruism were negative, moderate and significant (r@ − 0.30).ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of Dirty Dozen has good reliability and validity. It could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts, namely in an ongoing project on the relationship between dark triad and perfectionism traits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Lee, Kibeom, Michael C. Ashton, Yannick Griep, and Michael Edmonds. "Personality, Religion, and Politics: An Investigation in 33 Countries." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 2 (March 2018): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2142.

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The relations of HEXACO personality factors and religiosity with political orientation were examined in responses collected online from participants in 33 countries ( N = 141 492). Endorsement of a right–wing political orientation was negatively associated with Honesty–Humility and Openness to Experience and positively associated with religiosity. The strength of these associations varied widely across countries, such that the religiosity–politics correlations were stronger in more religious countries, whereas the personality–politics correlations were stronger in more developed countries. We also investigated the utility of the narrower traits (i.e. facets) that define the HEXACO factors. The Altruism facet (interstitially located between the Honesty–Humility, Agreeableness, and Emotionality axes) was negatively associated with right–wing political orientation, but religiosity was found to suppress this relationship, especially in religious countries. In addition to Altruism, the Greed Avoidance and Modesty facets of the Honesty–Humility factor and the Unconventionality and Aesthetic Appreciation facets of the Openness to Experience factor were also negatively associated with right–wing political orientation. We discuss the utility of examining facet–level personality traits, along with religiosity, in research on the individual difference correlates of political orientation. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Rushton, J. Philippe. "Genetic similarity, human altruism, and group selection." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 3 (September 1989): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00057320.

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AbstractA new theory of attraction and liking based on kin selection suggests that people detect genetic similarity in others in order to give preferential treatment to those who are most similar to themselves. There are many sources of empirical and theoretical support for this view, including (1) the inclusive fitness theory of altruism, (2) kin recognition studies of animals raised apart, (3) assortative mating studies, (4) favoritism in families, (5) selective similarity among friends, and (6) ethnocentrism. Specific tests of the theory show that (1) sexually interacting couples who produce a child are genetically more similar to each other in blood antigens than they are either to sexually interacting couples who fail to produce a child or to randomly paired couples from the same sample; (2) similarity between marriage partners is most marked in the more genetically influenced of sets of anthropometric, cognitive, and personality characteristics; (3) after the death of a child, parental grief intensity is correlated with the child's similarity to the parent; (4) long-term male friendship pairs are more similar to each other in blood antigens than they are to random dyads from the same sample; and (5) similarity among best friends is most marked in the more genetically influenced of sets of attitudinal, personality, and anthropometric characteristics. The mechanisms underlying these findings may constitute a biological substrate of ethnocentrism, enabling group selection to occur.

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Bierhoff, Hans‐Werner, and Elke Rohmann. "Altruistic personality in the context of the empathy–altruism hypothesis." European Journal of Personality 18, no. 4 (June 2004): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.523.

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In this study the influence of the altruistic personality in general and social responsibility in particular on prosocial behaviour were investigated in the context of the empathy–altruism hypothesis. In an experiment 56 female participants had an opportunity to help a person in distress. In this setting, ease of escape without helping was manipulated. In addition, on the basis of their self‐reports of situation‐specific emotions, participants were divided into an empathic‐concern and a personal‐distress group. The results of the 2 (ease of escape) × 2 (predominant emotional response) design were in agreement with the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Further results indicated that in the easy‐escape condition an altruistic motivation prevailed, whereas in the difficult‐escape condition an egoistic motivation was more dominant. Besides the full scale, two subscales of social responsibility were formed: Moral Fulfilment of the Justified Expectations of Others and Adherence to Social Prescriptions. The full social responsibility scale was significantly related to helpfulness only in the difficult‐escape condition. Further analyses including the subscales showed that the component Moral Fulfilment of the Justified Expectations of Others correlated positively with helping in the easy‐escape condition. Results were interpreted as showing that specific profiles of personality variables are associated with helpfulness in the easy‐escape and difficult‐escape conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Krueger, Robert F., Brian M. Hicks, and Matt McGue. "Altruism and Antisocial Behavior: Independent Tendencies, Unique Personality Correlates, Distinct Etiologies." Psychological Science 12, no. 5 (September 2001): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00373.

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Marbach, Julia, Cristiana Lages, Daniel Nunan, and Yuksel Ekinci. "Consumer engagement in online brand communities: the moderating role of personal values." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 1671–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2017-0721.

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Purpose Despite growing recognition of the importance of consumer engagement with new technologies, a gap remains in terms of understanding the antecedents, consequences and moderators of online consumer engagement (OCE). This paper aims to address this gap by exploring the relationship between personality traits, OCE, perceived value and the moderating role of personal values. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical framework anchored in the extant OCE literature is tested through a study of 559 users of two distinct firm-hosted online brand communities (FHOBCs). Findings Findings suggest that three personality traits – extraversion, openness to experiences and altruism – are positively correlated with OCE. OCE is related to two types of perceived value, namely, social value and aesthetic value. The personal values of conservation and self-enhancement moderate the relationships between the three identified personality traits and OCE. Research limitations/implications Future research into OCE should consider the application of this study’s conceptual framework across different cultures to account for the fast-changing nature of online communities. Practical implications Understanding how personality traits drive OCE and what value consumers receive from engagement in online communities can help managers to better segment and evaluate consumers. Engagement and levels of activity within these online communities can be improved accordingly. Originality/value This study’s contribution to the OCE literature is threefold. First, the study provides new insights regarding personality traits as antecedents of consumer engagement with FHOBCs. Second, the study reveals the first insights into the role of personal values in the relationship between personality traits and OCE. Specifically, conservation and self-enhancement emerged as moderators of the relationship between three personality traits (extraversion, openness to experiences, altruism) and OCE. Third, the study yields support for perceived value types (social value and aesthetic value) that emerge as consequences of consumer engagement in FHOBCs.

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Weller, Leonard, and Motti Benozio. "HOMOSEXUALS' AND LESBIANS' PHILOSOPHIES OF HUMAN NATURE." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1987.15.2.221.

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The study compares 57 homosexuals and 45 lesbians on six dimensions of beliefs about human nature. On only one dimension, altruism – selfishness, was a significant difference found. While there are no similar studies of the comparison of attitudes and values, the findings are consistent with the few personality studies which likewise reported no differences between homosexuals and lesbians.

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Visser, Michael S., and Matthew R. Roelofs. "Heterogeneous preferences for altruism: gender and personality, social status, giving and taking." Experimental Economics 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2011): 490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10683-011-9278-4.

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Ishkova, E. "Basic Methodological Approaches to the Study of Personality Direction on Volunteer Activity." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 8, no. 4 (January 22, 2020): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-912x-2020-32-34.

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The volunteer sector in our country is experiencing rapid growth, while the issue of the nature and content of the personality orientation towards volunteering remains insufficiently studied. The subjective-activity approach has a sufficient methodological basis for the study of the phenomenon of “personality orientation toward volunteering”. In the framework of this approach, the following constructs are distinguished: “the orientation of the individual toward volunteer activity”, “values”, “motives”, “attitudes” and their interconnection is shown. The phenomenon of personality orientation toward volunteer activity is defined as a complex dynamic integral formation, the key characteristic of which is the value substructure. Based on the data contained in some analyzed sources, it is shown that the definition of the concept of “altruism” is synonymous with understanding the essence of “volunteering”.

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Doluca, Hüseyin, Johannes Hewig, and Marcus Wagner. "Altruism and Sustainability: Do Values and Personality predict Giving in the Dictator Game?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 13630. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.13630abstract.

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Ferguson, Eamonn, and Philip Corr. "Blood, sex, personality, power, and altruism: Factors influencing the validity of strong reciprocity." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11001245.

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AbstractIt is argued that the generality of strong reciprocity theory (SRT) is limited by the existence of anonymous spontaneous cooperation, maintained in the absence of punishment, despite free-riding. We highlight how individual differences, status, sex, and the legitimacy of non-cooperation need to be examined to increase the internal and ecological validity of SRT experiments and, ultimately, SRT's external validity.

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Abdul Sitra, Abdul Rashid, and Ain Nadzimah Abdullah. "TESL Trainee Practitioners’ Self Perception of their Personality Traits and Verbal Communication Skills." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 6 (September 1, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.6p.9.

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The teaching and learning of English as a second language involve many different skills. This study investigates the relationship between Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) trainee practitioners’ (TPs) personality traits and their verbal communication skills. The personality traits investigated are the Big Five, while the verbal communication skills investigated include interpersonal skills, verbal-linguistic skills, motivation, altruism, and self-regulation. This study involved 277 TESL TPs from four different teacher training institutes in Malaysia. This quantitative study used questionnaires to investigate both the variables. The findings show that out of the Big Five personality traits, only openness showed positive relationship to verbal communication. This trait deserves greater attention if students are to maximise the use of effective communication skills. This study profiles personality traits to examine the relationship of each trait in relation to communication skills. The findings of this study would be significant for the Higher Education Ministry of Malaysia and education regulators, apart from the teaching community.

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Firdaus, Vera. "Pelatihan Pengembangan Kepribadian Bagi Calon Perawat." Jurnal Penamas Adi Buana 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/penamas.vol4.no2.a3085.

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Di sektor kesehatan perawat merupakan garda terdepan dalam pelayanan di rumah sakit. Kinerja perawat yang kompeten terukur dari nilai-nilai profesionalisme perawat yaitu altruism, pengembangan kepribadian diri, integritas dan self compassion. Training Personality Development ini ditujukan untuk calon perawat (prospective nurses) sebagai upaya pembinaan tentang nilai-nilai profesionalitas. Dengan demikian mahasiswa keperawatan memiliki optimisme dalam pemilihan karir sebagai perawat. Pelatihan diharapkan menjadi solusi terhadap permasalahan mahasiswa keperawatan antara lain: penurunan motivasi, kendala dalam .membangun komunikasi dan team work, kurangnya pemahaman akan pilihan karir yang menyebabkan penurunan semangat kuliah dan bahkan pengunduran diri. Training Personality Development adalah pelatihan yang memadukan metode training (pemutaran video, ceramah, simulasi games, personality test, konseling) dan materi training (manajemen, psikologi dan nilai-nilai islam). Pelaksanaan kegiatan melalui lima tahapan program training yaitu identifikasi kebutuhan program training; penetapan tujuan training; merancang program training ; pelaksanaan program training; evaluasi dan monitoring.

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Van Iddekinge, Chad H., Lynn A. McFarland, and Patrick H. Raymark. "Antecedents of Impression Management Use and Effectiveness in a Structured Interview†." Journal of Management 33, no. 5 (October 2007): 752–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206307305563.

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The authors examine personality variables and interview format as potential antecedents of impression management (IM) behaviors in simulated selection interviews. The means by which these variables affect ratings of interview performance is also investigated. The altruism facet of agreeableness predicted defensive IM behaviors, the vulnerability facet of emotional stability predicted self- and other-focused behaviors, and interview format (behavior description vs. situational questions) predicted self-focused and defensive behaviors. Consistent with theory and research on situational strength, antecedent—IM relations were consistently weaker in a strong situation in which interviewees had an incentive to manage their impressions. There was also evidence that IM partially mediated the effects of personality and interview format on interview performance in the weak situation.

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Michalski, Joseph H. "Financial Altruism or Unilateral Resource Exchanges? Toward a Pure Sociology of Welfare." Sociological Theory 21, no. 4 (December 2003): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9558.2003.00193.x.

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Questions concerning the essential nature of altruism, the existence of an altruistic personality, and the genetic, biosocial, and social psychological bases of altruistic behavior have dominated theory and research on the topic. The current paper reconceptualizes financial altruism sociologically as a form of unilateral resource exchanges, or welfare. The alternative definition employs Donald Black's (1979, 2000) analytic approach to describe and explain the behavior of welfare with its location and direction in social space. The paper offers several propositions that purport to explain variations in welfare by drawing upon cross-cultural research. In general, welfare flows in the direction of those who are less integrated and who have lower social status. In addition, welfare varies directly with intimacy, conventionality, and respectability. Finally, welfare varies inversely with relational distance, cultural distance, and group size. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of strengths and limitations of the general propositions advanced.

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Paudyal, S., SP Ojha, P. Tulachan, S. Dhungana, and R. Kafle. "Intentional Self-Harm and Personality Traits using Big Five Factor Model in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Level Hospital." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 8, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v8i1.26330.

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Introduction: Suicide is an important, largely preventable public health problem. The occurrence of suicide and suicidal behavior has been increasing dramatically. There is a growing recognition that the personality traits is important risk factor for intentional self-harm (suicide/ purposely self-inflicted poisoning or injury). This study was done to assess the personality traits in patients presenting with intentional self-harm and relationship of intent of the self-harm with personality traits. Material And Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in patients presenting with Intentional self-harm to tertiary hospital emergency department. Patients who met inclusion criteria and gave consent during six months period were included, Socio demographic information and detailed history was taken. The suicide intent scale and five factor model rating form were administered to the patients. Results: Most patients who presented with intentional self –harm scored median score of 4 (high) in anger hostility, self-consciousness, impulsivity and altruism traits while in other traits they scored neutral score, which concluded that patients who presented with intentional self–harm were more bitter, short-tempered, timid, impulsive and sacrificial. The study showed that the relation of certain traits as anxiousness, impulsivity, vulnerability, gregariousness, ideas, trust, straightforwardness, altruism, competence, order and SIS grading was statistically significant (p=<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients who presented with intentional self–harm were more bitter, short–tempered, timid, impulsive and sacrificial. Further patients who committed intentional self harm with low intent were more impulsive, vulnerable, outgoing, haphazard and sloppy as compared to those who committed with high intent who were rather more anxious and sacrificial.

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Grzegorzewski, Piotr, Maria Kulesza, Agnieszka Pluta, Zaffer Iqbal, and Katarzyna Kucharska. "Assessing self-reported empathy and altruism in patients suffering from enduring borderline personality disorder." Psychiatry Research 273 (March 2019): 798–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.109.

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Mundt, Ch, A. Schroeder, and M. Backenstrass. "Altruism versus self-centredness in the personality of depressives in the 1950s and 1990s." Journal of Affective Disorders 113, no. 1-2 (February 2009): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.017.

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Macarie, Alexandra, Ticu Constantin, Alina Orzan, Loredana Constantin, and Anca Fodorea. "Modelul Big Five al personalității: abordări teoretice si modelarea empirică a unui chestionar standardizat." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 6, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v6i2.362.

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The aim of the present study was designing a local standardized questionnaire for evaluating traits of personality, following the Big Five model. The questionnaire was built for applying in organizations and to resist social desirability. The theoretical background used in the construction of the questionnaire were part of the Big Five model for personality evaluation. The methods used in this study were specific to the construction and primary validation of a questionnaire: defining the factors, designing the items, verifying the content validity (expert testing). The constructed questionnaire was completed by 524 subjects from the general population. The results confirm the existence of five personality factors, as defined by the authors: sociability, incertitude, persistance, altruism and openness. These factors correspond to the 5 factors described in speciality literature. The study also analyzed the relations the five factors have with significant traits of personality measured by other psychological questionnaires which were applied along with our questionnaire (introversion - extraversion, emotional stability - neuroticism, originality, efficiency, conformism). We also described the differences between the scores for the five factors depending on age, gender, studies and income.

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Gilliam, David A., and Steven W. Rayburn. "Propensity for reciprocity among frontline employees." Journal of Services Marketing 30, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-05-2015-0194.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine how other-regarding personality traits relate to reciprocity among frontline employees (FLEs). Design/methodology/approach Other-regarding personality variables were used to model the propensity for reciprocity and actual reciprocal behaviors with coworkers. Surveys of 276 FLEs were examined via structural equations modeling. Findings Other-regarding personality traits proved to be antecedents of reciprocity. Cynicism was particularly interesting in that it was positively related to reciprocity contrary to findings in other research. Research limitations/implications Among the interesting findings relating personality to reciprocity are a more affective type of reciprocity based on empathy and altruism, and a more calculative type based on cynicism related to Machiavellianism. Practical implications Managers can use the effects of personality traits on reciprocity and cooperation to hire and place FLEs in ways that provide superior service and increased profits. Social implications This paper indicates that certain individuals who might not typically be thought of as cooperative can in fact reciprocate. Specific ideas about cynicism and Machiavellian reciprocity in FLEs are discussed. Originality/value The findings will aid researchers and managers in understanding personality and FLEs cooperation. The findings on cynicism are particularly valuable in that they contradict some earlier research and commonly held managerial ideas.

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Detrick, Paul, John T. Chibnall, and Michael C. Luebbert. "The Revised NEO Personality Inventory as Predictor of Police Academy Performance." Criminal Justice and Behavior 31, no. 6 (December 2004): 676–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854804268751.

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Preemployment psychological evaluation utilizing personality inventories is common in law enforcement settings. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), developed from the five-factor theory of normal personality functioning, has proven useful in personnel selection. This study examined the predictive validity of NEO PI-R facet scales for predicting academic, firearms, physical, and disciplinary elements of police academy performance, as well as academy graduation. Results indicated that recruits higher in Values and lower in Excitement-Seeking did better academically, those lower in Anxiety did better at firearms, and those lower in Deliberation and Fantasy and higher in Activity did better in physical training. In a logistic regression analysis, Excitement-Seeking, Ideas, and Values predicted disciplinary memos, whereas Self-Consciousness, Altruism, Feelings, Order, Positive Emotions, and Vulnerability predicted absenteeism. Vulnerability to stress was the sole multivariate predictor of graduation. The use of the NEO PI-R as a selection instrument for police officers appears promising.

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Rojo-Wissar, Darlynn, Amal Wanigatunga, Eleanor Simonsick, Antonio Terracciano, Jennifer Schrack, Sharmin Hossain, Paul Costa, and Adam Spira. "Personality and Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1925.

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Abstract Personality and disturbed sleep are tied to medical morbidity in older adults. We examined associations of personality dimensions and facets from the five-factor model with reports of insomnia symptoms in 1,069 well-functioning older adults 60-97 (SD=8.64) years (51% women) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Personality was assessed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and insomnia symptoms measured by the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Adjusting for demographics and depressive symptoms, higher neuroticism (B=0.05, SE=-0.01, p<.001) and lower conscientiousness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) were associated with greater insomnia severity. Although openness, extraversion and agreeableness were not associated with insomnia, a facet of each was. Higher scores on the “positive emotions” facet of extraversion (B =-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) “ideas” facet of openness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) and altruism facet of agreeableness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) were associated with lower insomnia severity. Sleep disturbances may partially mediate personality’s influence on health. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Aging Interest Group.

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Philippe Rushton, J., David W. Fulker, Michael C. Neale, David K. B. Nias, and Hans J. Eysenck. "Ageing and the relation of aggression, altruism and assertiveness scales to the Eysenck personality questionnaire." Personality and Individual Differences 10, no. 2 (January 1989): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(89)90213-4.

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Baumert, Anna, Thomas Schlösser, and Manfred Schmitt. "Economic Games." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000183.

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The psychometric properties of behaviors in economic games as indicators of stable latent dispositions of altruism and fairness were tested in two studies. Using latent state-trait analyses, we explored the factor structure of offers in the dictator game, rejection decisions in the ultimatum game, and altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation in a three-person game. Results showed that four distinct but intercorrelated latent dispositions best described the interindividual differences in these behaviors. The reliabilities and stabilities of these behaviors across 6 weeks were generally moderate to high. Correlations with self-report measures of personality suggested that offers in the dictator game and altruistic compensation reflect a concern for fairness coupled with a reluctance to harm others. Rejection decisions in the ultimatum game were correlated with competitiveness and the need for power. In sum, our results suggest that economic games have good psychometric qualities as instruments that can be used to assess stable latent dispositions and can be employed as objective personality tests sensu Cattell to gain a more complete picture of personality beyond self-reports.

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Кондратьева and Olga Kondrateva. "Multivalency as a Backbone Principle in a Personality Spiritual and Moral Development within the System of Cossack Education." Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 3, no. 2 (June 16, 2014): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4655.

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From the standpoint of the Christian humanitarian psychological paradigm, the article discusses the principle of polyvalence as a backbone regulatory standard of spiritual and moral development within the system of Cossack education. Psychological meaning of the said principle is revealed and its main integrative features are highlighted. Intellectual representations are characterized as pieces of cognitive, metacognitive and intentional experience. The author discusses moral and conceptual constructs within the framework of spiritual and moral evolution of a person from egocentrism toward altruism.

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Saunders, K. E. A., G. M. Goodwin, and R. D. Rogers. "Borderline personality disorder, but not euthymic bipolar disorder, is associated with a failure to sustain reciprocal cooperative behaviour: implications for spectrum models of mood disorders." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 8 (February 20, 2015): 1591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714002475.

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BackgroundBorderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have overlapping clinical presentations and symptoms – sources of persistent clinical confusion. Game-theory can characterize how social function might be sub-optimal in the two disorders and move the field beyond the anecdotal description of clinical history. Here, we tested the hypothesis that BPD and BD can be distinguished on the basis of diminished reciprocal altruism in iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) games.MethodTwenty females with BPD, 20 females with euthymic BD and 20 healthy (non-clinical) females, matched for age and cognitive ability, were assessed for Axis-I and personality disorders, and completed psychometric measures of state affect, impulsivity and hostility. Participants completed two iterated PD games and a test of gaze-cueing.ResultsIn the PD games, BPD participants failed to show statistically stable preferences to cooperate with social partners (playing tit-for-tat) and made significantly fewer cooperative responses compared to BD or controls (ANOVA main effect p = 0.03, post-hoc Tukey p < 0.05 for both comparisons). BPD participants were also less likely to sustain cooperation following experiences involving mutual cooperation than the other groups. Neither BPD nor BD participants demonstrated impairments in shifting visual attention on the basis of other peoples’ gaze.ConclusionsThese data indicate that BPD is (selectively) associated with difficulties in establishing, and then maintaining, reciprocal cooperation, involving altruism. These difficulties are not seen in euthymic BD. Our data support the differentiation of BPD from BD and offer fresh insights into the social difficulties experienced by individuals with diagnoses of BPD.

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Fielding, David, Stephen Knowles, and Kirsten Robertson. "Materialists and altruists in a charitable donation experiment." Oxford Economic Papers 72, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpz027.

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Abstract This paper presents results from a laboratory experiment that draws on insights from economics on different incentives for generosity and insights from social psychology on different personality types. Firstly, we test whether the effect of an appeal to pure altruism versus an appeal to self-interest varies across subjects. We find that there is substantial variation, and this variation is strongly correlated with a subject’s level of materialism. Secondly, we test whether spoken appeals and written appeals have different effects. We find no evidence for such a difference. These results have important implications for charities’ fundraising strategies and for experimental design.

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de Vries, Reinout E., Jeroen Pronk, Tjeert Olthof, and Frits A. Goossens. "Getting along And/Or Getting Ahead: Differential Hexaco Personality Correlates of Likeability and Popularity among Adolescents." European Journal of Personality 34, no. 2 (March 2020): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2243.

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Getting along (i.e. to be liked) and getting ahead (i.e. to be popular) are two fundamental psychological motives that have important consequences for adolescents’ well–being. Especially antisocial behavioural tendencies, which are less well covered by the Big Five than by the HEXACO model, have been shown to differentially predict likeability and popularity. In this study, possible differential relations between personality and likeability and popularity were investigated using the HEXACO Simplified Personality Inventory and sociometric measures of likeability and popularity among 552 (12 to 14 years old) adolescents. Results showed that agreeableness was the most important likeability predictor, whereas extraversion (positive), openness to experience, honesty–humility, and agreeableness (all three negative) were the most important popularity predictors. Facet–level analyses revealed that selected HEXACO facets (greed avoidance, fearfulness, social boldness, gentleness, prudence, perfectionism, aesthetic appreciation, and altruism) most strongly—and in opposite directions—differentiated in the prediction of likeability and popularity. Furthermore, none of the expected interactions but several masking and cancellation effects were observed. The results, which are also discussed in light of interpersonal circumplex, resource control strategies, hierarchical differentiation, and socioanalytic frameworks, suggest that—among early adolescents—differential personality predictors may make it difficult to both get along and get ahead. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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Komarov, Vladimir V. "Conscience as a factor of moral reliability of personality." Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS, no. 4 (2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-231x-2020-19-4(46)-26-35.

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We presented the review of researches of conscience as factor of moral reliability of the personality in the history of a scientific thought since Antiquity in various philosophical and psychological concepts, our determination of conscience in terms of psychology, we showed the conscience ratio with spirituality of the personality and with moral reliability. We listed the components of conscience (honor, duty, dignity, justice), its functions (moral freedom, moral responsibility, moral self-esteem, moral self-control, altruism), manifestations (shame, guilt, repentance, pride, rightness, redemption) and mechanisms (will, reflection and empathy). We justified a secular understanding of conscience as a factor of moral reliability, unlike religious. We showed the ratio of existential faith, conscience and moral reliability. We discussed the problem of conscience and reliability of criminals and psychopathic personalities; the ratio of the sensual and rational in conscience as a factor of moral and moral reliability; the problem of conscience education. We justified our understanding of conscience as a measure of the significance of moral value in a situation of moral choice, which acts as the spiritual and moral basis for the manifestation of reliability, which is reflected in the value of concrete actions that ensure in its totality the stability and dynamic development of society.

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Raghanti, Mary Ann, Melissa K. Edler, Alexa R. Stephenson, Emily L. Munger, Bob Jacobs, Patrick R. Hof, Chet C. Sherwood, Ralph L. Holloway, and C. Owen Lovejoy. "A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 6 (January 22, 2018): E1108—E1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719666115.

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It has always been difficult to account for the evolution of certain human characters such as language, empathy, and altruism via individual reproductive success. However, the striatum, a subcortical region originally thought to be exclusively motor, is now known to contribute to social behaviors and “personality styles” that may link such complexities with natural selection. We here report that the human striatum exhibits a unique neurochemical profile that differs dramatically from those of other primates. The human signature of elevated striatal dopamine, serotonin, and neuropeptide Y, coupled with lowered acetylcholine, systematically favors externally driven behavior and greatly amplifies sensitivity to social cues that promote social conformity, empathy, and altruism. We propose that selection induced an initial form of this profile in early hominids, which increased their affiliative behavior, and that this shift either preceded or accompanied the adoption of bipedality and elimination of the sectorial canine. We further hypothesize that these changes were critical for increased individual fitness and promoted the adoption of social monogamy, which progressively increased cooperation as well as a dependence on tradition-based cultural transmission. These eventually facilitated the acquisition of language by elevating the reproductive advantage afforded those most sensitive to social cues.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Altruism. Personality'

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