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Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminidy titanu'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Castellanos, S., and J. Lino Alves. "A Review of Milling of Gamma Titanium Aluminides." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 3, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_003.002_0001.

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Intermetallic titanium aluminide alloys are used in the high technology engineering field with the goal of achieving weight reduction in different components, exposed to corrosive environments and high temperatures in aeronautical and automotive industries. Despite their attractive properties such as low density, high strength, high stiffness and good corrosion, creep and oxidation resistance, the machinability of titanium aluminide alloys is difficult due to its high hardness, chemical reactivity, and low ductility. This article reviews the state of the art regarding the machinability of titanium aluminide alloys and focuses on the analysis of the milling process, namely the process parameters, surface integrity and cutting tools. The influence of titanium aluminides properties on the machinability is also discussed presenting some current trends and further needed research.

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2

Kim, Myoung Gyun, Si Young Sung, Gyu Chang Lee, Joon Pyo Park, and Young Jig Kim. "Investment Casting of Near-Net Shape Gamma Titanium Aluminide Automotive Turbocharger Rotor." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2547.

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The objective of this study was to optimize the casting design of gamma titanium aluminde automotive turbocharger rotor by means of the practical experiment and numerical simulation. Gamma titanium aluminide rotors were produced by centrifugal casting methods on a laboratory scale. Based on the metal-mold reaction of gamma titanium aluminide, the investment molds were manufactured by an electro-fused Al2O3 mold. The experimental results showed that the castings failed to reach the end of the cavities due to insufficient centrifugal force and a lower fluidity compared to the other metals. Although the satisfactory results were not obtained in the numerical simulation, it was concluded that numerical simulation aided to achieve understanding of the casting process and defect formation in gamma titanium aluminide turbocharger rotor castings.

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3

Alexandrescu, Elvira, Alexandra Banu, Mihai Trifănescu, and Alexandru Paraschiv. "Gamma Titanium Aluminides Behavior at High Temperature Static Short-Term Stress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.407.

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Today conventional titanium-based alloys represent one third of the weight of modern aircraft engines and, are the second most used engine material following Ni-based superalloys. [1] Titanium aluminide alloys based on intermetallic phases γ (TiAl) and α2 (Ti3Al) and the most recent – orthorhombic titanium aluminide, are widely recognized as having the potential to meet the design requirements for high temperature applications. The outstanding thermo-physical and mechanical properties of these materials rely mainly on the strongly ordered nature and the directional bonding of the compounds. These involve: high melting point, above 1460°C, low density of 3,9-5 g/cm3, according the alloying degree, high elastic modulus (high stiffness), high yield strength and good creep resistance at high temperature, low diffusion coefficient, good structural stability at high temperature. The main objective of our paper are focussed on the short-term mechanical properties if Titanium niobium aluminide at 850°C. High temperatures mechanical properties evaluation was performed by tensile testing at temperature of 850°C on universal static and dynamic testing machine Instron 8802, equipped with high temperature system, for maximum 1000°C, and extensometer with a measuring basis of 40 mm. The mechanical tensile test was performed according the ASTM E8, with control of deformation and a testing rate of 10-4 mmsec.-1. Short-term behavior request of the support uncovered alloys, at 850°C has proved to be modest and it seems obvious that the alloys based on titanium aluminides cannot be used without protective coatings. Key words: titanium aluminides, high temperatures, mechanical properties

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4

Knight, S. T., P. J. Evans, and M. Samandi. "Titanium aluminide formation in Ti implanted aluminium alloy." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 119, no. 4 (December 1996): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(96)00454-5.

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5

Kochmańska, Agnieszka, and Paweł Kochmański. "Aluminide Protective Coatings Obtained by Slurry Method." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.590.

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The slurry aluminide coatings are produced on the three kind of substrates: hightemperature creep resistant cast steel, titanium alloy and nickel alloy. The slurry as active mixture containing aluminium and silicon powders, an activator and an inorganic binder. The coating were obtained by annealed in air atmosphere. The structure of these coatings is two zonal and depend on the type of substrate and technological parameters of producing.

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6

Chen, Yuyong, and D. D. L. Chung. "Ductile and strong aluminium-matrix titanium aluminide composite formedin situ from aluminium, titanium dioxide and sodium hexafluoroaluminate." Journal of Materials Science 30, no. 18 (1995): 4609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01153069.

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7

Jones, H. "Structure hardening titanium aluminide during heat treatment of aluminium composite." Metal Powder Report 57, no. 4 (April 2002): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(02)80132-1.

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8

Kalyniuk, M. M., Ya P. Gritskiv, and L. M. Kahitanchuk. "Eloboration of Methods for Determination on Content of the Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen Admixtures in Titanium Aluminides." Metrology and instruments, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.61-67.

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Titanium intermetalides (TiAl and Ti3 Al) and alloys on theirs bases applies in air — and spacetechnology and automobile industry. Physical and mechanical properties there alloys is better, then at classical Ti — or Ni — alloys, that are utilized in aeroplanes and rocets. Alloys, based on TiAl and Ti3Al, are made with utilization vacuum — arc, plasma — arc, induction- garnisage, magnetoperating electroslag melting, electron — beam melting with intermediate capacity, electroslag melting in inert atmosphere under «active» fluxes with metallic calcium, induction melting in muchsectional crystallizator and cold crucible, argon — arc melting with unexpended tungsten electrode in copper watercooling crucible. For connection of the details, that were made from these alloys, there were used welding by pressure, contact, electron — beam, diffusion welding. Alloys, based on titanium aluminide, have essential defects — high brittleness and low plasticity, viscosity and resistance thermal impact strength. Autors a lot of articles explaines these descriptions by structural special features of titanium aluminides and alloys on their bases, but does not consider possibilities of the influence by oxygen nitrogen, hydrogen admixtures. In literature information about methods of determination gaseous admixtures (O, N, H) contents in titanium aluminides and alloys on their bases are absented. Methods of determination oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen contents in titanium aluminides on analysers TC436, RO316, TN114, RH402 are created. Parameters of these methods are described in this article (temperatures of heating on graphite crucibles, times, masses of analytical samples).

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9

Uenishi, K., A. Sugimoto, and K. F. Kobayashi. "Titanium Aluminides on Aluminium Surfaces by CO2 Laser Alloying." International Journal of Materials Research 83, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1992-830406.

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10

Niu, Li Bin, Chun Yuan, and Du Meng Cao. "Preparation of In Situ Al₃TiP/Al-Based Composite Coating." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.503.

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In the paper, titanium tri-aluminide (Al3Ti) particles reinforced aluminium (Al)-based composite coatings were fabricated by infiltration plus in-situ techniques at 891.3 °C. The obtained composite coatings are characterized by XRD, SEM and friction and wear testers. The experimental results show that the reaction between Ti wires and Al molten increases with extending time, Ti wires can totally transform into Al3Ti particles for 20 min, which present blocky and strip-like states, respectively. The wear rates of the composite coatings decrease with increasing time.

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11

Watanabe, Y. "Evaluation of orientation of titanium aluminide platelets in aluminium base composites." Metal Powder Report 57, no. 4 (April 2002): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(02)80130-8.

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12

Agarwala, Vijaya, and Joanna Karwan-Baczewska. "Thermo Mechanical Treatment of Nickel and Titanium Aluminides." Defect and Diffusion Forum 237-240 (April 2005): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.237-240.653.

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Polycrystalline Ni3Al and TiAl are attractive materials for high temperature structural applications due to their stability in oxidizing and sulphidizing environment upto700 0 C. They possess significantly higher specific stiffness and similar specific strength as that of super alloys. Hence, these materials can replace super alloys for high temperature applications (~900°C). TiAl has lesser density and can be used for reducing component weight up to 50% and suitable for aerospace and automobile (high performance vehicles) sectors. The major difficulty for putting Ni3Al for engineering applications is its extremely low ductility and inter-granular fracture at ambient temperatures. TiAl, apart from the said brittleness it also suffers from high temperature corrosion. However the brittleness of these aluminides can be reduced by micro-alloying and by subjecting them to Thermo Mechanical Treatments, TMT. This paper deals with the recrystallization studies on nickel aluminides, deformed to different extents by rolling. The average grain size dependence with the % elongation is evaluated in the grain size range of 10-35micron. For the nickel aluminide deformed for 50% by rolling, the variation of resistivity and hardness with annealing time is determined. The homogenized TiAl samples were cold worked and annealed at 1000 0 C. Since the aluminide suffers from low ductility at room temperature, an arbitrary parameter, electrical resistivity, was chosen. Corresponding hardness values were also obtained. Finally a qualitative determination of ductility was made by studying the flow behavior of alloy around the hardness indentation. Thus a correlation was developed between resistivity, hardness and ductility values. It was then to some extent possible to investigate the TMT cycles on the microstructure and hence on the ductility of the TiAl without going for the actual tensile tests.

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13

Gomes, Fernando, Joaquim Barbosa, and Carlos Silva Ribeiro. "Aluminium Evaporation during Ceramic Crucible Induction Melting of Titanium Aluminides." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.697.

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Melting TiAl based alloys in ceramic crucibles often leads to chemical contamination, alloy heterogeneity and non-metallic inclusions. The severity of such phenomena usually depends on the nature of crucible materials, the melting stock composition and the melting parameters, namely superheating time and temperature and melting pressure. Among the referred drawbacks, Al loss during melting is a critical aspect, as its concentration in TiAl based alloys has a very strong effect in their mechanical properties. Although a few studies of critical factors affecting the evaporation behaviour of Al during electron beam and induction skull melting of Ti-Al alloys had been carried out, until now no information was released on this subject for the ceramic crucible induction melting process. In this work a Ti-48Al alloy was induction melted in a zircon crucible with Y2O3 inner layer, using 50 and 100 °C superheating temperatures and 0, 60 and 90 second holding times, and poured into a graphite mould. The effect of different temperature/time combinations in the alloy composition, Al loss by evaporation and extent of the metal/crucible interaction was studied for different melting pressures. Al loss was found to increase significantly for melting pressures below around 10-1 mbar, at a rate that increases as melting pressure decreases, until a maximum rate is reached, remaining constant for lower pressure levels. Metal/crucible interaction increased directly with the melting pressure and superheating time, leading to alloy contamination with yttrium and oxygen. For the experimental set-up and conditions used on this work, optimal superheating time/pressure combinations that lead to acceptable alloy composition and sanity have been identified.

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14

Dahms, M., J. Seeger, W. Smarsly, and B. Wildhagen. "Titanium-Aluminides by Hot Isostatic Pressing of Cold Extruded Titanium-Aluminium Powder Mixtures." ISIJ International 31, no. 10 (1991): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.31.1093.

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15

Nandy, T. K., R. S. Mishra, A. K. Gogia, and D. Banerjee. "The effect of aluminium on the creep behaviour of titanium aluminide alloys." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 32, no. 6 (March 1995): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(95)93213-n.

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16

Kuchuk-Yatsenko, S. I., I. V. Zyakhor, A. A. Nakonechny, M. S. Zavertanny, and L. M. Kapitanchuk. "Resistance butt welding of titanium aluminide γ-TiAl with VT5 alloy." Paton Welding Journal 2018, no. 9 (September 28, 2018): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2018.09.01.

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17

Juechter, Vera, and Carolin Körner. "Creep Properties of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Produced by Selective Electron Beam Melting." Key Engineering Materials 704 (August 2016): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.704.190.

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Titanium aluminides are highly attractive for high temperature applications involving dynamic components, e.g. turbine blades or turbocharger wheels, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. The drawback is the difficult manufacturing of this material class due to the low toughness and high sensitivity to oxygen. Selective electron beam melting SEBM shows a new approach of producing complex titanium aluminide parts without a major oxygen pick up and avoiding problems with brittleness. The high cooling rates of this process lead to a very fine microstructure, which is not fully understood up to now. The microstructure determines the creep properties and therefore defines the performance of this material in high temperature applications. In this contribution, the creep properties of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb fabricated by SEBM are investigated. The influence of the processing parameters and the building direction on the microstructure and the creep properties are discussed and compared to cast material.

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18

Olszówka-Myalska, A., and W. Maziarz. "Microstructural analysis of titanium aluminide formed in situ in an aluminium matrix composite." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 7 (February 1, 2010): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/7/1/012021.

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19

Geng, Lin, H. L. Wang, Y. B. Song, and Jie Zhang. "The Fabrication of Titanium Aluminide Matrix Composite Sheet by Rolling and Reaction Annealing." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.404.

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In this work, Ti5Si3 and TiC particle reinforced titanium aluminide matrix composite sheet was fabricated by rolling and reaction annealing using the starting materials of SiCp/Al composite and pure titanium sheet. The deformation compatibility of both starting materials and microstructure evolution during reaction synthesis were studied. The results show that titanium has the similar deformability with SiCp/Al composite via the introduction of SiC particles and the selection of proper rolling temperature. Titanium aluminide matrix composite reinforced by Ti5Si3 and TiC was synthesized by reactions during the annealing. The reactions include the formation of titanium aluminide matrix by the diffusion synthesis between titanium and aluminum, as well as reinforcements (Ti5Si3 and TiC) by in-situ reaction between SiC and titanium.

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20

Peters, J. A., and M. Blank-Bewersdorff. "Titanium aluminide foil." Materials & Design 13, no. 2 (January 1992): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(92)90112-u.

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21

Xiao, S. Q., A. H. Foitzik, G. Welsch, T. Haubold, and H. Gleiter. "Nanocrystalline titanium aluminide." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 42, no. 7 (July 1994): 2535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90334-4.

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22

Halici, Dilek, Hassan Adrian Zamani, Daniel Prodinger, Cecilia Poletti, Daniel Huber, Martin Stockinger, and Christof Sommitsch. "Studies on Ductile Damage and Flow Instabilities during Hot Deformation of a Multiphase γ-TiAl Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.99.

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Gamma titanium aluminides are promising alloys for low-pressure turbine blades. A significant disadvantage of such intermetallic alloys is failure induced during forming processes due to ductile damage and flow instabilities. Previous investigations on a gamma titanium aluminide alloy (TNM), have shown ductile damage due to tensile stress components and instabilities such as shear bands, pores and micro-cracks at low temperatures and high strain rates. The main part of the current work is to delineate damage and unstable regions in the low temperature region. Hot deformation experiments are conducted on a Gleeble®3800 thermomechanical treatment simulator to obtain flow curves to be implemented in a finite element method (FEM) code. Instabilities in the material are described by existing instability criteria as proposed by Semiatin and Jonas and implemented into FEM code DEFORMTM 2D. Predictions of ductile damage models and the instability parameter are validated through detailed microstructural studies of deformed specimens analysed by light optical- and scanning electron microscopy.

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23

Radkowski, Grzegorz, and Jaroslaw Sep. "Surface Quality of Amilled Gamma Titaniumaluminide for Aeronautical Applications." Management and Production Engineering Review 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2014-0018.

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Abstract Gamma titanium aluminides are an interesting alternative for nickel, iron or cobalt matrix superalloys. Due to the advantageous strength properties at high temperatures they can successfully replace superalloys in applications such as high pressure compressor blades, low pressure turbine blades, high pressure compressor case, low pressure turbine case. Milling is one of the processes that can be applied in the forming elements made from this type of alloys for the aviation industry. Research included the selection of tool, the process kinematics and the range of milling gamma titanium aluminide (Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.2B-0.2C) process parameters were carried out. Milling can be an effective method of forming of elements made of gamma TiAL in the range of processing parameters: vc = 20-70 m/min, ap = 0.3-0.7 mm, fz = 0.1- 0.45 mm/tooth. In the tests carried out the best results were obtained using a R300-016A20L- 08L milling cutter, S30T tool coating and in-cut milling.

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24

Dixit, Arvind Kumar, and Richa Awasthi. "EDM Process Parameters Optimization for Al-TiO2 Nano Composite." International Journal of Materials Forming and Machining Processes 2, no. 2 (July 2015): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmfmp.2015070102.

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Titanium aluminide reinforced aluminium based metal matrix nano composite was prepared by stir casting route. Experiments were conducted with Cu electrode using L9 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method. Discharge current (Lv), Pulse on time (Ton) and Flushing pressure (FP) are selected to calculate Metal removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR) and Surface roughness (SR) based on Taguchi's parameter design. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratios associated with the observed values in the experiments were determined using MINITAB software for MRR, TWR and SR. PCR – TOPSIS method is used to optimize Taguchi's multi response. Optimum parameter setting is found at Discharge current (Lv) 10 A, Pulse on time (Ton) 150 µs and Flushing pressure (FP) 1 kg/cm2.

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25

Zhu, Lin, Xin Chen, and Bernd Viehweger. "Preliminary Study on Deep-Hole Drilling Gamma Titanium Aluminide." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.831.

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γ-titanium aluminide are considered as a potential light weight material. γ-titanium aluminide alloy has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high performance of anti-oxidation effect, low-density, high specific strength and rigidity etc. This material is suitable to be applied in aeronautics, astronautics and automobile industry. But high hardness, brittleness and mechanical strength make it hard to process. This problem is more acute in deep hole drilling. In this paper, we have analyzed the cutting performance of γ- titanium aluminide and designed a deep-hole drill with three different tool materials. The experimental result shows: (1) YG8 cemented carbide is the appropriate tool material for drilling γ-titanium aluminide. (2) Small rake angle of external edge (γo=-1°) and big clearance angle of external edge (αo=10~12°) should be chosen. (3) Best wear results are obtained when oil is utilized as cutting fluid.

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26

Kamali, Ali Reza, S. M. M. Hadavi, J. Baboee, and Hekmat Razavizadeh. "Production of TiAl(Ti₃Al)/Al₂O₃ Nanocomposite." Journal of Nano Research 3 (October 2008): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.3.7.

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Titanium Aluminide-based composites with Al2O3 reinforcement can be produced via reaction of Al with TiO2. These composites are considered as low-cost materials for high temperature applications. Addition of KClO4 to the TiO2/Al system was investigated in this research. On the basis of the results obtained, addition of KClO4 to the mixture of TiO2/Al and subsequent heating, results in titanium aluminide/alumina nanometric particle formation with dimensions of about 30 nm. Densification of this composite powder leads to production of a titanium aluminide-alumina nanocomposite body. Dimensions of the alumina phase are in the range of 100-150nm.

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27

Knaislová, Anna, Pavel Novák, Jaromír Kopeček, and Filip Průša. "Properties Comparison of Ti-Al-Si Alloys Produced by Various Metallurgy Methods." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 21, 2019): 3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193084.

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Melting metallurgy is still the most frequently used and simplest method for the processing of metallic materials. Some of the materials (especially intermetallics) are very difficult to prepare by this method due to the high melting points, poor fluidity, or formation of cracks and pores after casting. This article describes the processing of Ti-Al-Si alloys by arc melting, and shows the microstructure, phase composition, hardness, fracture toughness, and compression tests of these alloys. These results are compared with the same alloys prepared by powder metallurgy by the means of a combination of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Ti-Al-Si alloys processed by melting metallurgy are characterized by a very coarse structure with central porosity. The phase composition is formed by titanium aluminides and titanium silicides, which are full of cracks. Ti-Al-Si alloys processed by the powder metallurgy route have a relatively homogeneous fine-grained structure with higher hardness. However, these alloys are very brittle. On the other hand, the fracture toughness of arc-melted samples is immeasurable using Palmqvist’s method because the crack is stopped by a large area of titanium aluminide matrix.

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Milyukova, Irina V., and Ruslan D. Yunusov. "Thermostimulation of titanium aluminide synthesis by high-calorie mixtures." Yugra State University Bulletin 15, no. 4 (January 11, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu2019417-23.

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A comparative microstructural and phase analysis of titanium aluminide samples obtained by SHS method in shells from a highly exothermic thermite mixture and an equimolar mixture of Nickel and aluminum is carried out. The energy of exothermic reactions of the shells allows heating the charge on the basis of titanium and aluminum and starting the SHS reaction in it. In the sinter sample in the Ni-Al shell, the reaction of titanium aluminide synthesis was not complete; the samples have a high-porous structure with small frame inclusions of intermetallides. In the synthesis of samples in the shell of the thermite mixture obtained alloy, optimal porosity and structure. The main phase in the samples obtained in different modes is titanium aluminide, also in both samples there are inclusions enriched in titanium (Ti3Al, Ti2Al phases), while the phase analysis did not reveal the presence of the initial components of the charge.

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29

Zhu, Lin, Xin Chen, and Bernd Viehweger. "Experimental Study on Deep Hole Drilling Gamma Titanium Aluminide." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.293.

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γ-titanium aluminide is a new intermetallic structural material. γ-titanium aluminide alloy has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high performance of anti-oxidation effect, low-density, high specific strength and rigidity etc. But high strength, hardness and brittleness of the material also make processing difficultly. High cutting force and cutting temperature affecting a decline in cutting lifetime and cutting efficiency. This problem is more acute in deep hole drilling. In this paper, we have analyzed the cutting performance of γ-titanium aluminide and designed a deep-hole drills with appropriate tool material and geometric parameters. The experimental result shows: this drill bit is stable and efficient in drilling and can achieve a good quality.

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30

Voice, Wayne E., Michael Henderson, Edward F. J. Shelton, and Xinhua Wu. "Gamma titanium aluminide, TNB." Intermetallics 13, no. 9 (September 2005): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.12.021.

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31

Bassi, Corrado, John Peters, and Jerry Wittenauer. "Processing titanium aluminide foils." JOM 41, no. 9 (September 1989): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220325.

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32

Ahamad, Naseem, Aas Mohammad, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, and Pallav Gupta. "Structural and mechanical characterization of stir cast Al–Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid metal matrix composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 21 (February 16, 2020): 2985–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320906207.

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The present paper reports the effect of aluminium oxide and titanium oxide reinforcement on the properties of aluminium matrix. Aluminium matrix reinforced with aluminium oxide–titanium oxide (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 wt.%) in equal proportion were prepared by stir casting. Phase, microstructure, energy dispersive spectroscopy, density, hardness, impact strength and tensile strength of prepared samples have been investigated. X-ray diffraction reports the intermediate phase formation between the matrix and reinforcement phases due to interfacial bonding between them. Scanning electron microscopy shows that aluminium matrix has uniform distribution of reinforcement particle i.e. aluminium oxide and titanium oxide. Density of composite decreases due to variation of reinforcement and it shows low density after preheating. Hardness decreases due to the amalgamation of reinforcements. Impact strength was found to increase with the addition of reinforcements. Hybrid composite of aluminium matrix and (5% aluminium oxide + 5% titanium oxide) reinforcements have maximum engineering and true ultimate tensile strength. It is expected that the present hybrid metal matrix composites will be useful for aircraft rivets.

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33

Grittner, N., B. Striewe, A. von Hehl, D. Bormann, M. Hunkel, H. W. Zoch, and F. W. Bach. "Co-Extrusion of Aluminium-Titanium-Compounds." Key Engineering Materials 491 (September 2011): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.491.67.

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The combination of different metallic materials enables the design of lightweight structures with tailor-made properties at global as well local scale and offers great potential for advanced solutions especially for the aircraft and automobile sector. Whereas titanium alloys show particular high mechanical strength and good corrosion resistance, aluminium alloys provide a considerable lower density and consequently higher potential for weight savings. However, after conventional fusion joining, e.g. after laser beam welding, heat affected zones, porosity or grain growth may occur and impair the local properties [1, 2]. In contrast, by solid-state joining techniques like co-extrusion these disadvantages can be avoided. Therefore co-extrusion exhibits an attractive solution for long products combining aluminium and titanium based alloys. Current investigations have been focused on the co-extrusion of aluminium and titanium, where titanium is the reinforcing element that is inserted in aluminium profiles. Two different billet variants were examined in the investigations, a titanium-core integrally moulded in the aluminium-billet and titanium-core inserted in a hollow drilled aluminium-billet. Experiments were made with different material combinations, Al99.5 with titanium grade 2 and AlSi1MgMn with Ti6Al4V. Beside mechanical properties of compound the formation of bonding zone are presented.

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34

Meiramkulova, Kulyash, Davud Devrishov, Nurbiy Marzanov, Saida Marzanova, Aliya Kydyrbekova, Tatyana Uryumtseva, Lyazzat Tastanova, and Timoth Mkilima. "Performance of Graphite and Titanium as Cathode Electrode Materials on Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 4489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204489.

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Despite the potential applicability of the combination between aluminium (anode) and graphite or titanium (cathode) for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, their technical and economic feasibilities have not been comprehensively captured. In this study, aluminium (anode) and graphite and titanium as cathode electrode materials were investigated and compared in terms of their performance on poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. The wastewater samples collected from the Izhevsk Production Corporative (PC) poultry farm in Kazakhstan were treated using a lab-based electrochemical treatment plant and then analyzed after every 20 and 40 min of the treatment processes. Cost analysis for both electrode combinations was also performed. From the analysis results, the aluminium–graphite electrode combination achieved high removal efficiency from turbidity, color, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, with removal efficiency ranging from 72% to 98% after 20 min, as well as 88% to 100% after 40 min. A similar phenomenon was also observed from the aluminium–titanium electrode combination, with high removal efficiency achieved from turbidity, color, total suspended solids, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, ranging from 81% to 100% after 20 min as well as from 91% to 100% after 40 min. This means the treatment performances for both aluminium–graphite and aluminium–titanium electrode combinations were highly affected by the contact time. The general performance in terms of removal efficiency indicates that the aluminium–titanium electrode combination outperformed the aluminium–graphite electrode combination. However, the inert character of the graphite electrode led to a positive impact on the total operating cost. Therefore, the aluminium–graphite electrode combination was observed to be cheaper than the aluminium–titanium electrode combination in terms of the operating cost.

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Akhonin, S. V., V. A. Berezos, and A. Yu Severyn. "ELECTRON-BEAM MELTING OF INGOTS OF TiAl SYSTEM INTERMETALLICS." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 10004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032110004.

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Performance of scientific-technical researches at the E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine have been directed on development of technology for manufacture of titanium aluminide –based alloys using the method of electron-beam melting (EBM). The mathematical models of heat state and evaporation of alloying elements in EBM were developed. The results of calculations of heat state using the mathematical model allowed determining a dependence of depth of liquid pool on different melting rates. The mathematical models of processes of evaporation in EBM of titanium aluminide ingots were used for plotting the nomograms, which help to determine the necessary content of alloying element of the alloy in the initial charge for acquiring the necessary concentration of this element in ingot at set technological parameters of melting. In scopes of designed mathematical models there were investigated different technological modes of electron-beam melting of ingots based on titanium aluminide. The optimum EBM modes, at which a solidification front approaches to flat, were determined. At that, more uniform distribution of the additives on ingot section and volume is provided as well as level of stressed state is reduced. The works were carried out on manufacture of titanium aluminide based-ingots with addition of refractory as well as volatile alloying elements. Composition and structure of produced ingots were examined. It is shown that electron-beam melting allows getting chemically homogeneous ingots based on titanium aluminide and is a perspective method for production of such class materials.

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Grzmil, Barbara, Daniel Grela, Bogumił Kic, and Marcin Podsiadły. "The influence of admixtures on the course of hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0029-z.

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The influence of admixtures on the course of hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate The study focused on the question how admixtures, such as iron(II), iron(III), magnesium and aluminium salts influence the degree of TiOSO4 conversion to hydrated titanium dioxide (HTD). Titanyl sulfate solution, an intermediate product in the industrial preparation of titanium dioxide pigments by sulfate route was used. The admixtures were added to the solution and their concentration was gradually changed. It was found that hydrolysis clearly depended on Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations. The higher the concentration of iron(II) (up to 5 wt %) in the solution was, the higher conversion degree was achieved. A reverse relationship was observed concerning the influence of iron(III) introduced up to 1.5 wt %. The constant rates of both phases of titanyl sulfate hydrolysis (including the formation of an intermediate colloidal TiO2 and final products) depended on iron(II) and iron(III) content in the solution. The concentration of other constituents did not influence hydrolysis in the investigated part of the process (up to 2.6 wt % of Mg and up to 0.3 wt % of Al). However, the size of primary particles of the obtained TiO2·nH2O did not depend on the content of the above-mentioned constituents in the solution.

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Pindera, Marek-Jerzy, and Alan D. Freed. "The Effect of Matrix Microstructure on Thermally Induced Residual Stresses in SiC/Titanium Aluminide Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 116, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904276.

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This paper examines the effect of varying the microstructural composition of titanium aluminide on the evolution of residual stresses in titanium aluminide matrix composites. An analytical model is developed to determine residual stresses in fiber and matrix phases of unidirectional, SiC/Ti-Al composites subjected to axisymmetric thermal loading. The model uses elements of the concentric cylinder model and the method of cells to calculate residual thermal stresses in the presence of temperature-dependent and inelastic behavior of the fiber and matrix phases. The concentric cylinder model is employed as a geometric model for the unidirectional composite, whereas the method of cells is employed in modeling the microstructure of the titanium aluminide matrix phase. The titanium aluminide matrix consists of distinct brittle and ductile α and β phases whose volume content is varied in the present scheme to understand how the resulting residual stresses can be altered. Both spatially uniform and nonuniform variations of the α and β phases are considered. The results explain the occurrence of radial microcracks in SiC/Ti-Al composites in the presence of a β-depleted region at the fiber/matrix interface, and validate the potential of engineering the matrix phase to reduce residual stresses in these composites.

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Jain, V. K., R. L. Goetz, and S. L. Semiatin. "Can Design for Nonisothermal Pancake Forging of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys." Journal of Engineering for Industry 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803637.

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The design of cans to produce uniform, defect-free gamma titanium aluminide alloy pancakes via conventional, nonisothermal forging, was established using finite element modeling (FEM) and laboratory validation trials. The specific problem addressed was ingot breakdown via pancake forging, a process typically comprising a high reduction ratio (∼6:1) and a moderately high deformation rate (∼1 s−1) to minimize the effects of die chilling. Can and process variables investigated in the FEM simulations included can end cap shape and thickness, ram speed, and preheat temperature. The FEM results demonstrated that there is an optimal end cap thickness and ram speed to obtain moderately uniform flow between the can and titanium aluminide workpiece. These results were validated through trials on the near-gamma titanium aluminide alloy Ti-45.5Al-2Cr-2Nb forged in AlSl type 304 stainless steel cans.

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Suryanarayana, C., and F. H. Froes. "Nanostructured titanium aluminides." Materials Science and Engineering: A 179-180 (May 1994): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90174-0.

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Kim, Young-Won. "Gamma titanium aluminides." JOM 47, no. 7 (July 1995): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03221228.

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Whittaker, D. "Joining titanium aluminides." Materials & Design 12, no. 2 (April 1991): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(91)90113-i.

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Lévai, Gábor, Melinda Godzsák, Alfred Ender, Róbert Márkus, and Tamas I. Török. "Production and Examination of Colour-Galvanized Steel Test Sheets by Modern Analytical Methods." Materials Science Forum 729 (November 2012): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.61.

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Nowadays the most commonly used baths for hot-dip galvanizing are the ones which contain about 0.1 ... 0.2% of aluminium. Besides aluminium, the effects of the addition of small quantities of titanium (up to 0.0005%) to the bath have recently been studied in detail by Culcasi et al. [2]. They proved the strong impact of adding a small amount of titanium on the development of the iron-zinc layer, which influences primarily the building up of the intermetallic compound film Fe2Al5 on the surface of the steel piece in contact with the molten zinc. This aluminium-alloyed hot-dip bath with titanium usually does not form a nicely coloured surface [. Therefore, our experiments were limited to test only the effect of adding titanium to the molten zinc which contains only traces of aluminium in order to study the impact of titanium on surface colouring using GD-OES spectrometry.

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Tepper, Cornelia, Christian Baier, and Matthias Weigold. "Robotergestützte hybride Fertigung mittels Reibauftragschweißen/Robot-based hybrid production by friction surfacing. Basic research with aluminum and titanium." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 01-02 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-01-02-9.

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Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz zur robotergestützten hybriden Fertigung von Leichtbaustrukturen für den Flugzeugbau vor. Das Reibauftragschweißen bietet die Möglichkeit, mit geringer Prozesskomplexität Material aufzutragen und so artungleiche Metalle miteinander zu verbinden. In den in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Versuchen wurde auf ein Substrat aus Titan durch den Reibauftragschweißprozess Aluminium einlagig und mehrlagig aufgetragen. Die erzeugten Beschichtungen wurden anschließend metallografisch untersucht.   This paper presents an approach for robot-based hybrid production of lightweight structures for aircraft construction. Friction surfacing offers the possibility of applying material with low process complexity and joining dissimilar metals. In the presented experiments aluminum was applied to a titanium substrate in single and multiple layers using the friction surfacing process. Then, the produced coatings were metallographically examined.

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Grittner, N., H. von Senden gen. Haverkamp, O. Stelling, D. Bormann, K. Schimanski, M. Nikolaus, A. von Hehl, Fr W. Bach, and H. W. Zoch. "Verbundstrangpressen von Titan-Aluminium-Verbindungen." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 40, no. 12 (December 2009): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200900522.

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Zschech, E. "Stickstoff in Aluminium und Titan." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 53, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-1998-530505.

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Wottschel, Vitalij, and Frank Vollertsen. "CFRP-Aluminium Structures Realized by Laser Beam Joining Process." Advanced Materials Research 907 (April 2014): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.907.89.

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Modern lightweight structures containing hybrid materials allow an improvement of the weight-specific properties. However, to exploit the potential as far as possible novel joint concepts are necessary, enabling an economic structure manufacturing. The DFG-researcher group Schwarz-Silber (FOR 1224) at the University of Bremen aims to explore and develop interface structures for advanced FRP-Al compounds. Considering textile, welding and casting techniques novel joint concepts are under development, in five interdisciplinary projects. Within their work the researcher group focuses on three concepts realizing the transition structures: the usage of wires (titanium), foils (titanium) and fibres (glass fibre) as transition elements between CFRP and aluminium. Typical examples for such hybrid structures can be found in products from the aerospace industry (e.g. hull segments), the car industry (e.g. CFRP roof structures), but also in general mechanical engineering (e.g. rotor blade elements). In this paper, the joint configuration based on titanium wires and a laser beam conduction welding process will be presented. As beam source a lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser (HL4006D) was used. First specimens obtained will be discussed with respect to their properties. It will be shown that the novel approach is in principle suitable to produce load-bearing CFRP-aluminium structures. The wire concept represents a parallel arrangement of miniaturized loop connections. It is characterized by joining a CF-Ti-textile to an aluminium sheet. A carbon fibre loop is threaded through a titanium wire loop by textile technologies on one side. On the side opposite to the CF, the titanium wire loops of the CF-Ti-textile are joined to an aluminium component by welding or casting. A double-sided laser beam heat conduction welding process was applied, for both concepts. During processing, the laser beam was travels along the aluminium edge. The titanium-aluminium structure is welded in two steps. During the first step (i.e. the first weld pass) the aluminium and titanium are heated by the defocused laser beam simultaneously on both sides. An aluminium melt pool is formed, supported by the action of gravity and a certain amount of pre-heating of the titanium-wire or the titanium-foils by the laser beam and by heat conduction through the aluminium melt pool. In the second, immediately subsequent step (i.e. the second weld pass), due to a pre-heating of the materials by the first pass and an increased heat transfer between both materials, a complete wetting of the titanium structures in the joining zone is achieved.

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Knaislová, Anna, Pavel Novák, Marcello Cabibbo, Lucyna Jaworska, and Dalibor Vojtěch. "Development of TiAl–Si Alloys—A Review." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14041030.

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This paper describes the effect of silicon on the manufacturing process, structure, phase composition, and selected properties of titanium aluminide alloys. The experimental generation of TiAl–Si alloys is composed of titanium aluminide (TiAl, Ti3Al or TiAl3) matrix reinforced by hard and heat-resistant titanium silicides (especially Ti5Si3). The alloys are characterized by wear resistance comparable with tool steels, high hardness, and very good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures (up to 1000 °C), but also low room-temperature ductility, as is typical also for other intermetallic materials. These alloys had been successfully prepared by the means of powder metallurgical routes and melting metallurgy methods.

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Loria, Edward A. "Quo vadis gamma titanium aluminide." Intermetallics 9, no. 12 (December 2001): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-9795(01)00064-4.

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Stone, Wes, and Thomas R. Kurfess. "Grinding titanium aluminide: subsurface damage." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 12, no. 1/2/3 (2007): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2007.014150.

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Dève, H. E., and A. G. Evans. "Twin toughening in titanium aluminide." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 39, no. 6 (June 1991): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(91)90205-f.

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