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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aluminium Alloys - Metallography

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Academic literature on the topic 'Aluminium Alloys - Metallography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Aluminium Alloys - Metallography"

1

García, Laura, Christian Dietz, Antonio J. Criado, and J. A. Martínez. "Colour Metallography of Cast Aluminium Alloys." Practical Metallography 51, no. 7 (July 14, 2014): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110301.

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Konieczny, J., K. Labisz, M. Polok-Rubiniec, and A. Włodarczyk-Fligier. "Influence of Aluminium Alloy Anodizing and Casting Methods on Structure and Functional Properties." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0220.

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Abstract This paper presents the influence of casting method and anodic treatment parameters on thickness and structure of an anodic layer formed on aluminium alloys. As test materials was used the aluminium alloy AlSi9Cu3, which was adopted to the casting process and anodic treatment. In this paper are presented the wear test results and metallographic examination, as well as hardness of non-anodised and anodised alloys subjected to anodising process. The investigations were performed using light and electron microscopy (AFM) for the microstructure determination. The morphology and size of the layer was also possible to determine. The anodising conditions for surface hardening and its influence on properties was analysed. The structure of the surface laser tray changes in a way, that there is a different thickness of the produced layer. The aluminium samples were examined in terms of metallography using the optical microscope with different image techniques as well as light microscope. Improving the anodization technology with appliance of different anodising conditions. Some other investigation should be performed in the future, but the knowledge found in this research concerning the proper process parameters for each type of alloy shows an interesting investigation direction. The combination of metallographic investigation for cast aluminium alloys – including electron microscope investigation – and anodising parameters makes the investigation very attractive for automobile industry, aviation industry, and others, where aluminium alloys plays an important role.

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Kröger, S., E. Dahlem-Klein, H. Weiland, and H. J. Bunge. "Texture Determination in Aluminium Alloys Using Colour Metallography." Textures and Microstructures 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.10.41.

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Texture components in aluminium alloys can be distinguished by colour metallography using anodic oxidation and polarization microscopy. This method is particularly useful for texture inspection in correlation with other structural parameters such as grain size, orientation correlation and texture inhomogeneity. The method reveals, however, only two of three orientation parameters. It is therefor not suitable to obtain complete orientation distribution functions.

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Kreislova, Katerina, and Libor Turek. "Metallography of Fractured Aluminium Alloys for the Transmission System ́s Elements." Defect and Diffusion Forum 422 (March 24, 2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jz4342.

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The metallography was used for evaluation of fractured elements from different aluminium alloys´ elements applied in Czech transmission system. Although the fractured elements were produced from different aluminium alloys (hypereutectic Al-18%Si, AlSi10Mg, Al0,7MgSi) the main reason of fractures was very similar for all of them – the low quality of casting, inhomogeneous structure and composition of matrix. These analyses were performed on fracture surfaces and on reference matrix. Typical defect evident on fractured areas was dark stains. In some cases, the quartz concentration was ca twice into comparison with standards composition and reference matrix.

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Cziráki, A., E. Ková-csetényi, T. Torma, and T. Turmezey. "“Cavity” formation in superplastically deformed aluminium alloys." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 958–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177921.

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It is known that the formation of cavities during superplastic deformation can be correlated with the development of stress concentrations at irregularities along grain boundaries such as particles, ledges and triple points. In commercial aluminium alloys Al-Fe-Si particles or other coarse constituents may play an important role in cavity formation.Cavity formation during superplastic deformation was studied by optical metallography and transmission scanning electron microscopic investigations on Al-Mg-Si and Al-Mg-Mn alloys. The structure of particles was characterized by selected area diffraction and X-ray micro analysis. The volume fraction of “voids” was determined on mechanically polished surface.It was found by electron microscopy that strongly deformed regions are formed during superplastic forming at grain boundaries and around coarse particles.According to electron diffraction measurements these areas consist of small micro crystallized regions. See Fig.l.Comparing the volume fraction and morphology of cavities found by optical microscopy a good correlation was established between that of micro crystalline regions.

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McQueen, H. J. "Historical Evolution of Thermomechanical Processes Applied to Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1493.

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Thermo-mechanical processing (TMP), coined 50 years ago for steels to describe combined thermal and mechanical treatments that define both product shape and microstructure/properties, has been practiced since the early industrial revolution. The improved function and control in mechanical shaping equipment were easily adapted to newly discovered aluminum, integrating hot forming, cold deformation and annealing. The TMP goals for Al alloys were grain refinement, substructure preservation, texture control and enhanced precipitation. Hot extrusion became widely employed with exploitation of elongated grains with substructure and strong texture and of press heat treatment (solution during deformation, quenching upon exit). Rolling schedules were tuned to generate desired grain size/shape, substructure and texture. This historical account aims to enhance application of metallography to process optimization and innovation that makes metals more competitive with other materials.

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Alba-Baena, Noe, Thomas Pabel, Natalia Villa-Sierra, and Dmitry G. Eskin. "Effect of Ultrasonic Melt Treatment on Degassing and Structure of Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.271.

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Ultrasonic processing is known to be an efficient means of aluminium melt degassing and structure modification with additional benefits of being economical and environment friendly. This paper reports on the kinetics of ultrasonic degassing effect of foundry alloys. Direct measurements of hydrogen concentration in the melt by Foseco Alspek-H probe are used along with the reduced-pressure test. The effects of ultrasonic processing on structure, i.e. grain size and porosity, are studied using metallography and 3D X-ray tomography. This work is performed within the Ultragassing project funded by the European Union’s 7th Framework Program.

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Lowther, Errens, Sofyan Djamil, and Eddy S. Sirdj. "PENGARUH PERBEDAAN LAJU WAKTU PROSES PEMBEKUAN HASIL COR ALUMINIUM 319 DENGAN CETAKAN LOGAM TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO DAN SIFAT MEKANIS." POROS 14, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v14i1.832.

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Abstract: Aluminum alloy is a raw material in industry. Aluminum alloy used is aluminum alloy aluminum alloy 319. Materials were investigated to obtain aluminum alloys that have strong mechanical properties of the difference in the rate of clotting. Research 319 aluminum alloy was investigated by conducting the smelting process in the crank case and printed materials by using metal molds, then do differences in rates of freezing process with an open-air media, media dry sand and wet sand media as a medium deceleration. The next step is testing using tensile testing, testing, hardness with Brinell method, and metallography. From the results, with the help of wet sand media has a hardness of 68 BHN and the UTS 241.89 MPa, for open air medium hardness of 62 BHN and the UTS 224.03 MPa and dry sand media assistance hardness of 54 BHN and the UTS 190.9 MPa.

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Čelko, Ladislav, Lenka Klakurková, Karel Slámečka, Bedřich Smetana, Tomasz Płociński, Justyna Grzonka, Monika Žaludová, Malgorzata Lewandowska, and Jiří Švejcar. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Formation of Al-Al₃Ni Hypereutectic Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (November 2013): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.513.

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The paper deals with the mechanism of eutectic formation in a nickel coated aluminium system after heat treatment. The initial coating was produced from a nickel powder by means of high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying onto an aluminium sheet substrate. Specimens for investigations were manufactured immediately after the spraying. The specimens were heat-treated using a differential thermal analysis (DTA) apparatus up to the temperature of 700 or 900 °C and then cooled down to room temperature in argon atmosphere with a constant heating and cooling rate of 5 °C / min, under which Al-Al3Ni + Al3Ni hypereutectic alloys were formed within the initial substrate. Two different alloy microstructures consisting of intermetallic layers and coarse eutectic or an ultrafine well-dispersed eutectic were formed. Formation processes and resulting microstructures were studied by means of DTA, metallography, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam, energy dispersive microanalysis and image analysis techniques.

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Skrbek, Břetislav. "Porosity Quatification of Cast Aluminium Alloys on Machined Surfaces Using Metallography and Eddy-Currents." Key Engineering Materials 647 (May 2015): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.647.188.

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The porosity is unwanted phenomenon mostly that is tried to eliminate. The pores are initiation site of fatigue fractions usually, they worse strength and ductility of materials, quality of machined surfaces and their following surface treatment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aluminium Alloys - Metallography"

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Wilson, G. R. "Surface studies of aluminium and aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377646.

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Grant, Patrick S. "Spray forming of aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302790.

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Maddrell, Ewan Robert. "Diffusion bonding of aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317935.

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Bunn, Alice Mary. "Grain refinement in aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284033.

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Makin, P. L. "Recrystallization in aluminium-lithium based alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356656.

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Schumacher, Peter. "Nucleation in aluminium alloys studied using devitrification." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319889.

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Uguz, Agah. "Micromechanics of crack extension in aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276988.

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Bischler, P. J. E. "Structure-property relations in aluminium-lithium alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376894.

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This research is concerned with the Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloy 8090. The development of aircraft structural materials, and in particular aluminium alloys, has been reviewed. The development of Al-Li alloys has also been reviewed and the effects of alloy additions and heat treatment on mechanical properties have been discussed. The microstructure of a plate, 25 mm in thickness, has been fully characterised in the solution treated, under-, peak- and over-aged condition after ageing at 190oC. Coarsening of the two major precipitation hardening phases, ' and S-phase, has been related to mechanical properties and fracture behaviour. A post solution-treatment stretch has been found to bring about a finer, more uniform distribution of S-phase which results in a more homogeneous slip distribution and improved mechanical properties. Room temperature ageing was found to occur due to the growth of ' precipitates. The dislocation networks introduced during the stretching operation swept away a proportion of quenched in vacancies, resulting in a more sluggish ageing response. A short room temperature pre-age caused the formation of a grain boundary PFZ and retarded S-phase growth in unstretched material. Elevated temperature soak and recovery tests were carried out on peak-aged tensile specimens. Strength decreased in both series of tests above 150oC, due to a progressive dissolution of ', which was accompanied by an increased ductility in tests at soak temperature. Unstretched material showed a lower amount of dynamic recovery and a reduction in work hardening rate at a higher temperature in comparison with material in the stretched condition. These effects are accounted for by the difference in the effective S-phase size. High cycle fatigue behaviour over the temperature range 288 K to 425 K has also been studied and again the unstretched material maintains its E.R. to a higher test temperature. (D75129/87)

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Mayes, Christopher Duncan. "New improved grain refiners for aluminium alloys." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240276.

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Todd, Iain. "Solidification microstructure selection in aluminium-based alloys." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389557.

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Books on the topic "Aluminium Alloys - Metallography"

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Atlante metallografico delle leghe di alluminio da fonderia =: The atlas of microstructures of alluminium casting alloys. Brescia: Edimet, 1993.

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F, Kaukler William, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Real-time X-ray transmission microscopy of solidifying Al-In alloys. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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William, Kaukler, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Real-time X-ray transmission microscopy of solidifying Al-In alloys. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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F, Kaukler William, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Real-time X-ray transmission microscopy of solidifying Al-In alloys. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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F, Kaukler William, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Real-time X-ray transmission microscopy of solidifying Al-In alloys. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Collins, W. K. Hexagonal phase transformation in the engineered scavenger compound lithium titanate. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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7

Mondolfo, Lucio F. Metallography Of Aluminum Alloys. Johnson Press, 2007.

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8

Metallographic atlas of cast aluminium alloys. Se vres: Editions techniques des industries de la fonderie, 1989.

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9

Aluminum-Silicon Casting Alloys: Atlas of Microstructures. A S M International, 2016.

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Warmuzek, Malgorzata. Aluminum-Silicon Casting Alloys: Atlas of Microfractographs. ASM International, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aluminium Alloys - Metallography"

1

Ran, Guang, and Jing En Zhou. "Metallographic Characterization of Porosity in A Cast Aluminum Alloy A356-T6." In Materials Science Forum, 989–94. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-432-4.989.

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Narayana Murty, S. V. S., Sushant K. Manwatkar, and P. Ramesh Narayanan. "Metallography of Aluminum Alloys: Atlas of Microstructures." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000203.

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Microstructure plays an important role in obtaining the desired properties in metallic materials in general and aluminum alloys in particular. Mechanical properties of aluminum alloys can be significantly altered by changing the microstructure. No other alloy system can boast of as many temper conditions as aluminum alloys. With the progress in the understanding of microstructure–mechanical property relationships in these materials, “tailor made” alloys to meet specific demands are being industrially developed. The broad spectrum of aluminum alloys in wide range of temper conditions offer materials with widely varying mechanical properties for structural designers. In order to select aluminum alloys with the desired properties for the intended application, it is essential to understand the role of microstructure under actual service conditions. It is in this context “Metallography of aluminum alloys” becomes very important. This chapter provides an insight in to the microstructural evolution of aluminum alloys from the as-cast condition to the final product. Typical examples of microstructural evolution in different aluminum alloys under various thermomechanical conditions are presented here. An atlas of microstructures of commercial and experimental wrought and cast aluminum alloys is presented in an appendix to this book. This appendix includes optical photomicrographs of both cast and wrought alloys and scanning electron micrographs of polished surfaces as well as fracture surfaces of various aluminum alloys as well as transmission electron micrographs as separate annexure. Readers are encouraged to go through the optical microstructures and fractographs along with this chapter for better understanding of the evolution of microstructure as a function of alloying additions, thermomechanical processing conditions, and fracture behavior under tension.

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"Solidification Structures of Aluminum Alloys." In Metallography and Microstructures, 107–15. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003727.

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"Metallographic Techniques for Aluminum and Its Alloys." In Metallography and Microstructures, 711–51. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003769.

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Warmuzek, Małgorzata. "Visual Identification of Microstructural Constituents in Metallographic Cross Sections." In Aluminum-Silicon Casting Alloys, 147–72. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.ascaam.t59190147.

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Mikno, Zygmunt. "Resistance Welding of Aluminium Alloys with an Electromechanical Electrode Force System." In Aluminium Alloys [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93242.

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The idea presented in this chapter is an innovative welding machine electrode force system. The operation, advantages of the new solution and the optimisation of the welding process were illustrated by the welding of aluminium bars (5182) (ø 4 mm). The solution involves controlling the force and/or displacement of welding machine electrodes. The modulation of electrode force significantly improves welding, particularly as regards aluminium alloys (requiring a very short welding process). The tests involved the numerical analysis of two electrode force systems, i.e. a conventional Pneumatic Force System (PFS) and an Electromechanical (Servomechanical Force) System (EFS). The numerical tests were performed using SORPAS software. FEM calculation results were verified experimentally. The technological welding tests were conducted using inverter welding machines (1 kHz) equipped with various electrode force systems. The research included metallographic and strength (peeling) tests and measurements of characteristic parameters. The welding process optimisation based on the EFS and the hybrid algorithm of force control resulted in i) more favourable space distribution of welding power, ii) energy concentration in the central weld zone, iii) favourable melting of the material within the entire weld transcrystallisation zone, iv) obtainment of the full weld nugget and v) longer weld nugget diameter.

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Kuppuswamy, R. "Metallographic Etching of Aluminium and Its Alloys for Restoration of Obliterated Marks in Forensic Science Practice and Investigations." In Aluminium Alloys, Theory and Applications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/15693.

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Yeom, Gil-Yong, Ghasem Eisaabadi Bozchaloei, Hyun-Kyu Lim, Shae Kwang Kim, Young-Ok Yoon, Soong-Keun Hyun, Nelson Netto, and Murat Tiryakioğlu. "Microstructural Evolution During Solution Treatment of ADC12 (A383) Alloy Die Castings." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000322.

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High-pressure die casting (HPDC) components are known to be not heat treatable due to the formation of unacceptable surface blisters, dimensional instability, and poor mechanical properties during conventional solution treatment, such as at 540°C for 8 h. In the present study, the possibility of solution treating a recycled ALDC12 HPDC alloy at temperatures less than 500°C and with shorter solution treatment times was investigated. HPDCs with thickness of 2 and 3 mm were solution treated at 490°C for various times ranging from 15 to 180 min. Microstructural evolution during solution treatment was examined by various techniques, including metallography, energy dispersive spectrometry, electrical conductivity, and X-ray diffraction. Results indicated that almost all of the Al2Cu intermetallics were dissolved within 90 min of solution treatment. The coarsening of eutectic Si particles was found to follow the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner theory with two distinct regimes. Furthermore, measurements of Cu concentration within α-Al dendrites revealed that the diffusion of Cu atoms in α-Al phase is not the primary limiting factor for homogenization of the alloy. Most importantly, no blisters were observed at the surface of the castings. Therefore, this heat treatment can be used for HPDC components from ALDC12 alloy at a reasonable time.

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Pieczonka, Tadeusz. "Sintering Behavior: Al–SiC Compacts in Different Atmospheres." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000292.

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The effect of sintering atmosphere on densification of Al–SiC compacts was investigated. Dimensional changes were monitored in situ in a dilatometer in flowing nitrogen, nitrogen/hydrogen mixture (95/5 by volume), and argon. Two grades of SiC powder were used—F240 characterized by large particles and FCN13 with very fine particles. Mixtures containing 10 and 30 vol.% of SiC reinforcement were prepared in a Turbula mixer. Green compacts of about 80% of theoretical density were made of each mixture. For comparison, compacts made of pure aluminum powder were also investigated. It was shown that nitrogen is the only sintering atmosphere producing shrinkage. This ceramic constituent lowers the sintering densification. Metallographic examinations of sintered composites revealed that sintering of compacts occurs in the presence of a liquid phase exclusively in nitrogen. The melt appearing in Al–SiC compacts is capable to wet the solid phases, which makes shrinkage possible and is beneficial for metal/ceramic bond formation.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aluminium Alloys - Metallography"

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Blasko, Peter, Alena Pribulova, Jozef Petrik, Pavol Palfy, and Maria Mihalikova. "ANALYSIS OF METHOD FOR POROSITY ASSESSMENT OF THE RECYCLED ALUMINUM CASTINGS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s18.22.

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In the context of the recycling of waste from wrought aluminum alloys, especially food packaging, these were re-melted and cast into bars. The alloy thus obtained contains up to 2.0% Si, 0.8% Cu, 2.0% Fe, 2.5% Mn and other elements in tenths of %. The problem in its further processing is the porosity. Several methods were used to quantify it, of which the most accurate method was weighing. The disadvantage of this method is the requirements of the competence of the personnel as well as technical equipment. Other methods based on metallography, stereometric analysis, defectoscopy, comparison with standards and measurement of macro-hardness were compared with this method in terms of accuracy and complexity. Each of the analysed methods has advantages and disadvantages. The best results were obtained in metallographic analysis using the ImageJ software. The paper presents regression equations, which allow to compare results of the porosity obtained by used methods. None of the tested methods can fully replace the labor-intensive and equipment-intensive weighting method for determining porosity. Closest to the standard is stereological method which is done after the penetration test and hardness test. Unfortunately, in addition to experienced operators, they also require relatively special equipment. For a small manufacturer, the most reasonable way is to make a cut using only grinding and compare the area thus obtained with the standard according to ISO 10 049.

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Cao, Tengyun, Stephen A. Batzer, and John W. Sutherland. "Experimental Investigation of Tapped Thread Surface Roughness for Cast Aluminum Alloys." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1092.

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Abstract Thread surface roughness is an important issue both in terms of thread quality and the lubricating effect of cutting fluid in the tapping process. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the flank surface roughness of tapped threads produced in cast aluminum alloy workpieces. A full factorial experiment was performed to study the effects of the machining parameters (workpiece material, cutting fluid and spindle speed) on the resulting thread flank surface roughness. Metallographic and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) examinations of the thread flank surfaces were performed. Effects were calculated for the variables under study. Workpiece material type was identified as a statistically significant variable in influencing the thread surface roughness. Several other factors that appeared to play a role in producing the thread surface roughness variation observed in the experiments were also examined.

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Mann, James B., Christopher Saldana, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "Consolidation of Nanostructured Metal Powders Produced by Modulation-Assisted Machining." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6621.

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In the present study, nanocrystalline aluminum alloy (Al3003-H14) particulate produced by modulation-assisted machining (MAM) is consolidated by indirect extrusion. The extrusion die was simultaneously heated below the critical time-temperature conditions for recrystallization. Experimental consolidation of platelet shaped particles showed a distinct elongation of grain size in the primary extrusion direction. Metallographic and transmission electron microscopy observations revealed ultrafine grained microstructure with grains having similar orientations across grain boundaries. The shear from indirect extrusion combined with the uniform distribution of alloy particulates by MAM provides a potential route for bulk consolidation of metals and alloys with ultra-fine grained microstructure.

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Tu, Siyu, and Phuong Vo. "Case Study on the Application of Microstructural Features Extracted by Convolutional Neural Network for Cold Spray of Aluminum Alloys." In ITSC 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0009.

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Abstract The use of process-microstructure-property relationships for cold spray can significantly reduce application development cost and time compared to legacy trial and error strategies. However, due to the heterogeneous microstructure of a cold spray deposit, with (prior) particle boundaries outlining consolidated splats (deformed particles) in the as-spray condition, the use of automated analysis methods is challenging. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of quantitative data developed from a convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction of cold spray microstructures. Specifically, the power of CNN is harnessed to automatically segment the deformed particles, which is hardly accessible at scale with traditional image processing techniques. Deposits produced with various processing conditions are evaluated with metallography. Parameters related to particle morphology such as compactness are also quantified and correlated to strength.

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Rech, S., A. Trentin, S. Vezzù, J. G. Legoux, and E. Irissou. "Mechanical Property of Multi-Pass Cold Sprayed Aluminium Alloy Coatings for Repair Application." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0230.

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Abstract The cold spray, for its peculiarity, is becoming increasingly in the reconstruction or repair of damage aluminium alloy components, especially in the aviation industry. Both thin (<0.5mm) and thick (up to centimeters) coatings are necessary in order to achieve dimensional recovery of the components. Contrary to thin, thick coatings can be deposited in single-pass or in multi-pass giving different thermal and stress contribution to the components and coatings itself. The thermal input, the amount and the type of residual stresses (compressive or tensile) confer appreciable or depreciable characteristics to the coatings adhesion, the crack propagation and the coating mechanical property. In this study two sets, single and multi-pass aluminium alloy coatings of different thickness are deposited into Al6061 substrate. The metallographic analysis by electronic and optical microscopes, the four-point bending test and the Vickers microhardness are performed; also the multi-pass coatings were characterized by fractographic analysis. Finally the different coating adhesions to substrate and cohesions are compared by standard ASTM C633 adhesion and cohesion tests.

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Korinko, Paul S., Michael J. Barber, and Malcolm Thomas. "Coating Characterization and Evaluation of Directionally Solidified CM 186 LC® and Single Crystal CMSX-4®." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-426.

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Hot corrosion and long-time dynamic oxidation tests were conducted on several alloy (equiaxed MM-0011 and IN738. SX CMSX-4. and DS CM186LC) and coating (Simple aluminide, Pt-aluminide, and NiCoCrAlY) combinations. The coating performance in both hot corrosion and oxidation testing was, in most cases, influenced by the substrate composition. An overlay NiCoCrAlY on either CMSX-4 or CM186LC appeared unaffected visually, but there were indications during metallographic examination that this coating substrate combination was beginning to degrade after a 1000 hour hot corrosion test. The results of the oxidation test indicated that several of the alloy/coating combinations that were superior in the hot corrosion test were inferior in oxidation. After 6000 hours of dynamic oxidation testing at 1038°C (1900°F) two of the alloy/coating combinations had not yet reached negative weight changes. Metallographic results from the oxidation test show a significant reaction layer in the CMSX-4 coated with either simple or modified aluminides or NiCoCrAlY overlay coatings.

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Hollis, Kendall J., Dustin R. Cummins, Sven C. Vogel, Donald W. Brown, and David E. Dombrowski. "Characterization of Plasma Sprayed Zirconium Coatings on Uranium Alloy Using Neutron Diffraction." In ITSC2018, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Li, T. Eden, K. Shinoda, T. Hussain, F. L. Toma, Y. C. Lau, and J. Veilleux. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2018p0299.

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Abstract Plasma sprayed zirconium (Zr) metal coatings onto uranium-molybdenum (U-Mo) alloy nuclear reactor fuel foils act as a diffusion barrier between the fuel and the aluminum fuel cladding. Neutron diffraction was performed to investigate the crystallographic phase composition, crystal orientations and lattice parameters of the plasma sprayed Zr and the U-Mo substrate. The neutron diffraction results show that the plasma sprayed Zr coating is crystalline, phase pure (alpha-Zr) and has preferred crystalline orientation likely due to directional solidification. Also, there is a slight (~0.01 Å for a direction and ~0.016 Å for c direction) increase in the plasma sprayed Zr lattice parameter indicating oxygen in the lattice and some residual thermo-mechanical strain. There is little or no modification of the underlying U-Mo following plasma spraying. In particular, there is no detectable allotropic transformation of the starting gamma-U (body-centered cubic) to alpha-U (orthorhombic). The unique neutron diffraction capabilities at LANL are well suited for nuclear fuel characterization offering distinct advantages over conventional X-ray diffraction and destructive metallography.

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Wank, A., C. Schmengler, K. Müller-Roden, F. Beck, and T. Schläfer. "Aptitude of Different Types of Carbides for Production of Durable Rough Surfaces by Laser Dispersing." In ITSC2017, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0414.

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Abstract Different types of tungsten carbide materials (fused tungsten carbide, nickel clad fused tungsten carbide, macrocrystalline WC and sintered and crushed WC/Co) are used for laser dispersing of construction steel surfaces. Surface roughness analyses and metallographic evaluation of cross sections concerning efficiency of carbide embedding as well as crack formation tendency are carried out. Generally, all types of tested carbides permit production of rough surfaces with metallurgical bonding to the metallic matrix, but only use of nickel clad fused tungsten carbide permits to prevent crack formation. The effectiveness of silicon and silicon carbide for production of durable rough surfaces on aluminium alloys is investigated. Both silicon and silicon carbide qualify for production of rough surfaces by laser dispersing. While silicon carbide particles show higher hardness, use of silicon does not include danger of embrittlement due to formation of aluminium carbide.

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Dikici, B., C. Tekmen, M. Gavgali, Y. Tsunekawa, and M. Okumiya. "Corrosion Behavior of In-Situ AI2O3 Formed Composite Coating by DC Plasma Spraying." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p1480.

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Abstract In-situ plasma spraying (IPS) is a promising process to fabricate composite coatings with in-situ formed thermodynamically stable phases. In the present study, mechanically alloyed Al–12Si and SiO2 powder was deposited onto an aluminum substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) to obtain a composite coating consist of in-situ formed alumina reinforced hypereutectic Al-18Si matrix alloy. The effect of arc current on the corrosion behavior of the composite coating has been investigated. Corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was analyzed by using the potentiodynamic polarization scanning (PDS) technique. Surface morphology of the coatings before and after the corrosion test was examined by using metallographic methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Obtained results are discussed in detail.

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Raju, Sivasankara, Ch Lakshmi Srinivas, Srinivasa Rao Gunji, T. Srinag, Meda Chandra Shekhar, and Timothi Pandi. "Estimation of Effect of Cold Forging Deformational Behavior on Al-2024 Alloy Reinforced with Fly-Ash Particulates." In 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Emerging Technologies. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-609250.

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This work emphasize on utilization of fly ash in to novel aluminium alloy (Al-2024). The Al-2024 alloy and composites (≈10%flyash) prepared by stir casting technique. The composites is cold forged and identified properties (mechanical, structural and stress distribution in component). Upset tests at room temperature, during the deformation process, provide representative behaviour. The metallographic structure of alloy revelled dendritic and composites shows fine spherical prime segment split and regularly dispersed intermetallic compounds. The stress intensity and distribution of temperature were examined in depth at different input combinations. Compression tests were conducted on Ø 12 mm cylindrical specimens at an H/D ratio of 1.0 and 1.5 for alloy and fly ash composites (2, 6 and 10 wt %). In determining the forging load, the upset ratio defined as the mainly important factor. The strain in composites increased with increasing % of reduction in size and decreased with % of fly ash.

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