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1
Sliwinski, Peter R. "Powder painting of aluminium." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14478/.
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The mechanisms involved in the production of chromate-phosphate conversion coatings on aluminium have been investigated. A sequence of coating nucleation and growth has been outlined and the principle roles of the constituent ingredients of the chromate-phosphate solution have been shown. The effect of dissolved aluminium has been studied and its role in producing sound conversion coatings has been shown. Metallic contamination has been found to have a dramatic influence on chromate-phosphate coatings when particular levels have been exceeded. Coating formation was seen to be affected in proportion to the level of contaminaton; no evidence of sudden failure was noted. The influence of substrate and the effect of an acidic cleaner prior to conversion coating have been studied and explained. It was found that the cleaner ages rapidly and that this must .be allowed for when attempting to reproduce industrial conditions in the laboratory. A study was carried out on the flowing characteristics of polyester powders of various size distributions as they melt using the hot-stage microscopy techniques developed at Aston. It was found that the condition of the substrate (ie extent of pretreatment), had a significant effect on particle flow. This was explained by considering the topography of the substrate surface. A number of 'low-bake' polyester powders were developed and tested for mechanical, physical and chemical resistance. The best formulation had overall properties which were as good as the standard polyester in many respects. However chemical resistance was found to be slightly lower. The charging characteristics of powder paints during application by means of electrostatic spraying was studied by measuring the charge per unit mass and relating this to the surface area. A high degree of correlation was found between charge carried and surface area, and the charge retained was related to the powder's formulation.
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Thomas, H. A. J. "Preparartion and characterisation of reaction sintered aluminium titanate." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382874.
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ALMEIDA, FILHO AMERICO de. "Elaboração e estudos de recristalização de ligas alumínio-magnésio-tório e alumínio-magnésio-nióbio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11345.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Howe, D. P. "The production of aluminium based bearing materials by powder compaction." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317093.
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Fujii, Tomohiro. "Direct powder semi-solid moulding of particulate SiC reinforced aluminium alloy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416951.
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Pinwill, Ian E. "A study of binder removal from powder injection moulded aluminium bodies." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278405.
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ROCHA, CLAUDIO J. da. "Mecanismos de ativação mecânica de misturas de nióbio e alumínio para a síntese por reação do NbAlsub(3)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11675.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
8
Blümke, Tobias. "New preparation of organoaluminiums – catalysed metal insertion of aluminium powder and synthetic applications of organoalanes - preparation of 1,2-bimetallics by direct insertion of aluminium or zinc powder." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-146207.
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Ahmad, Faizan. "Experimental Studies in Hydrogen Generation for Fuel Cell Applications using Aluminum Powder." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1294435782.
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Mobberley, Thomas Guy. "Novel processing routes for consolidation of powder metallurgy based aluminium matrix composites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500132.
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Shi, Heying. "The extrusion limits, parameters and microstructures of aluminium 2014 solid and powder." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254003.
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Seminari, Umugaba. "Production of nanocrystalline aluminium alloy powders through cryogenic milling and consolidation by dynamic magnetic compaction." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100234.
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Nanopowders and bulk nanostructred materials have gained large interest in recent years. Bulk nanostructured materials exhibit properties that are far superior in comparison to conventional micron grained alloys. The fabrication of large scale nano-grained materials has been achieved in a two step process: (1) the production of nanostructured aluminium alloy powders and (2) the consolidation of the powder using a electromagnetic shockwave process.The first part consists of cryo-milling; the milling of powder in an attritor filled with liquid nitrogen. This causes successive welding and fracturing events as the powder is milled, thereby creating the nano-structure. The low temperature prevents the possibility of recrystallization and grain growth. The alloy used for this work was Al 5356 (Al-5%Mg). Two different types of raw source materials were investigated: pre-alloyed powders and a mixture of aluminum with pure magnesium or an Al12Mg17 intermetallic. Experiments have been conducted in order to determine the optimum milling parameters that will simultaneously give a grain size smaller than 100 nm; equiaxed milled particles and mechanically alloyed powder (in the case of the mixture). The optimum milling parameters were established at 15 hours of milling time with a rotational speed of 300 RPM and ball to powder weight ratio of 24:1 in the case of the pre-alloyed powders. For the mixture of pure aluminum with pure magnesium the parameters were 15 hours, 300RPM and 32:1. The parameters for the mixture with the intermetallic were 18 hours, 300RPM and 32:1.
The dynamic magnetic compaction technique was done with a peak pressure of 1.1 GPa. This ultra-high strain rate process minimizes the exposure of the powders to high temperature and therefore reduces the possibility of recrystallization and grain growth. Relative densities of compacted pieces obtained ranged from 86.39% to 97.97%. However consolidation characterized by particle to particle bonding with a melted layer was not accomplished.
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Ward, Andrew. "Development of a lead-free aluminium bearing alloy using powder metallurgy manufacturing techniques." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6418/.
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This study, completed with the University of Birmingham, was sponsored by Controls and Data Services (CDS) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). A range of materials and processes were evaluated with the aim of producing a lead-free, monolithic, machinable plain bearing to replace the leaded bronze gear pump bearings currently used. The primary alloys investigated in this thesis were Al-20Sn-7Si-1Cu and an Al-20Sn-7Si- 1Cu-1Mg wt% composition; with the latter achieved by the controlled addition of Al- 50Mg wt% master alloy. The project identified an aluminium-tin-silicon based alloy that could be sintered to near 100% of theoretical density in the manufacture of a ¾ scale rod form. The process and material produced should be capable of replacing the bearing alloys typically used in aerospace pump applications. The addition of magnesium, with controlled morphology and size, and the parallel use of a nitrogen sintering atmosphere, significantly improved the heat treated density of these materials. Successful sintering, typically completed at 500°C, could be significantly reduced in time by the use of pressurised nitrogen from 20 hours to 5 hours. The sintered microstructure generated was a heat treatable aluminium / copper matrix with desirable, discrete regions of silicon (typically 3 – 4 microns in size) and reticular tin.
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Blümke, Tobias Verfasser], and Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] [Knochel. "New preparation of organoaluminiums – catalysed metal insertion of aluminium powder and synthetic applications of organoalanes : preparation of 1,2-bimetallics by direct insertion of aluminium or zinc powder / Tobias Blümke. Betreuer: Paul Knochel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025047052/34.
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Jiang, Xia. "Development of Al alloy composites by powder metallurgy routes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ee89b51e-386d-48c8-8f45-161e94490fb6.
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Particulate reinforced Al alloy composites (AlMCs) are recognized as important structural materials due to their lightweight, high modulus and strength and high wear resistance. In order to understand the effect of matrix, reinforcement and secondary processing techniques on the microstructure development and mechanical properties of AlMCs produced by powder metallurgy routes, Al alloy composites reinforced with three types of reinforcements by different secondary processing techniques have been produced and examined. Fabrication of Al or 6061Al alloy based composites reinforced with nano-sized SiC particles (~500nm), micro-sized (<25µm) quasicrystalline alloy particles (hereinafter referred to as “NQX”) and micro-sized Nb particles (~130µm) has been carried out by powder metallurgy routes followed by extrusion or cold rolling. After extrusion, a homogeneous distribution of secondary particles has been obtained with rare interfacial reaction products. The 6061Al/SiC composites exhibit superior mechanical properties than either monolithic alloys or composites reinforced with micro-sized particles with retained ductility while the 6061Al/NQX and 6061Al/Nb composites show limited improvement in tensile strength mainly due to their reinforcement size and poor interfacial bonding. After cold rolling, the evolution in microstructure, texture and strength has been analysed. A typical near β fibre texture with highest intensities near Copper and Brass orientations has been developed for 6061Al/NQX and 6061Al/Nb composites. For 6061Al/SiC composites, a randomized texture with very small grains has achieved due to the presence of the non-deformable SiC particles. Mechanical property tests including microhardness, three-point bending tests and tensile tests have been carried out on cold rolled samples and the results exhibit some level of improvement when compared with as-extruded samples due to work hardening. Finally, the work moves on to the general discussion based on the previous result chapters. The microstructural development related to reinforcement, matrix and interfacial areas during extrusion and cold rolling has been summarised and the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties has been discussed. The thesis provides a thorough understanding of AlMCs produced by powder metallurgy routes in terms of matrix, reinforcement and processing techniques. It can provide reference to the future development of AlMCs for high strength applications.
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Kondapalli, Satyanarayana [Verfasser]. "Surface Modification of Aluminium Components by Developing Composite Coatings using Plasma Powder Arc Welding Process / Satyanarayana Kondapalli." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1166512908/34.
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JESUS, FILHO EDSON S. de. "Obtencao e avaliacao do comportamento a fadiga de compositos de matriz de aluminio submetidos a diferentes tratamentos superficiais mecanicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9273.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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MOURISCO, AROLDO J. "Preparacao e caracterizacao de composito de matriz de aluminio 1100 com particulas de SiC por metalurgia do po." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10420.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
19
Persson, Björn, and johanna Svensk. "Corrosion protection of powder coatings : Testing the barrier properties and adhesion of powder coating on aluminum for predicting corrosion protection by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Produktutveckling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36772.
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The choice of corrosion protection system depends on the environment and needed lifetime for the product. The right corrosion protection should be selected in a sustainable point of view, since a well-selected coating system can reduce the environmental and economical impact, by using less and better material. The systems used for classifying corrosion protection often give a passed/not passed result for the number of years it is expected to last in a specific corrosive environment. In the last decades, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has become a popular method for evaluating corrosion protection for organic coatings. EIS can collect quantitative data by monitoring the coatings electrochemical behavior over time, which can be used for optimizing the coating system. The purpose of this thesis was to try to predict how different combinations of coating layers and substrates will perform as a corrosion protection, which could provide information that can optimize the coating process. In this thesis, EIS has been used as a test method to evaluate organic coating systems for corrosion protection, by looking at barrier properties and adhesion for powder coatings on aluminum substrates. The main part of the coatings were applied in the coating plant at Fagerhult AB, but an external supplier has been used as a reference. The powders used in the coating process were based on polyester resins and the substrates were different aluminum alloys. The EIS measurements were performed in the chemistry lab at the School of Engineering at Jönköping University and depending on the sample setup was each sample evaluated for two or four weeks of testing. Two groups of samples had intact coatings and a third group had samples with an applied defect in the coating. The analysis of sample setups with intact coatings showed that the topcoat absorbed water faster than the primer. The samples showed no significant degradation in corrosion protection for the evaluated period and could thereby not provide enough information to be able to conclude which setup give the best corrosion protection over time. The samples with a defect in the coating indicated that two of the substrates provided similar adhesion in the coating-substrate interface. The coating from the external supplier was also included in the test and it showed the best adhesion of the tested samples. The main conclusion is that the coating system used at Fagerhult AB provides a very good corrosion protection. Longer testing time with EIS measurements on intact coatings is needed to be able to rank the different sample setups by failure of corrosion protection.
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Mitchell, Colin A. "A study of the powder processing, tribological performance and metallurgy of Aluminium-based, discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2002. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3807.
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The principal objectives of the research reported in this thesis are: to determine the effect that sinter time has on the metallurgical behaviour of alumina-reinforced aluminium-606lmatrix composites; compare and assess the wear resistance of alumina and silicon carbide reinforced aluminium 6061-matrix composites, together with monolithic aluminium 6061 alloy; determine the effect that reinforcement particle size has on the wear resistance of aluminium 6061-matrix composites; identify the relative merits of two techniques for depositing copper coatings on to alumina reinforcements. Through investigation, a successful method of processing silicon carbide and alumina particulate-reinforced AA6061 composites, fabricated by cold uniaxial pressing with vacuum sintering, has been determined. The processing route is as follows: pressing at 400 MPa; vacuum sinter at 600°C for 30 minutes; solution heat treat for 30 minutes at 530°C then water quench; precipitation (ageing) heat treat for 7 hours at I 75°C, then air cool. Metallurgical examination of composites revealed that magnesium was found to collect at interface regions around alumina particulates, resulting in the depletion of magnesium from the aluminium 6061 matrix. The severe depletion of magnesium from the AA6061 matrix when alumina is used as a reinforcement was found to occur during long (greater than 30 minutes) sintering times using a sintering temperature of 600°C. It is postulated that the formation of spinel (MgA12O4) formed from the reaction of magnesium with alumina is a probable cause for the Mg migration. The composites containing alumina particulates were found to have lower hardness values than the monolithic alloy and composites containing silicon carbide, when sintering took place for longer than 30 minutes. Adding 5 wt% silicon to the AA6061 matrix in composites reinforced with alumina particulates was found to reduce the magnesium depletion for sinter times up to one hour at 600°C and give improved composite bulk hardness. During the research, a need for an improved wear testing machine was identified. Therefore a wear test rig, which allows samples of different materials (under different applied loads if required) to be tested simultaneously without interference between test pieces, was designed and commissioned. Two electroless methods for copper coating alumina particulates were also investigated. One method used formaldehyde as the reducing agent, while the other employed hydrazine-hydrate as the reducing agent. The latter method has proven to be quicker, and with improved results, compared to the traditional method using formaldehyde as the reducing agent.
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Pereira, M. F. V. T., M. Williams, and Preez W. B. Du. "Characterization of metal powder based rapid prototyping components with respect to aluminium high pressure die casting process conditions." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 8, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/563.
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Published ArticleThis paper is based on tests performed on die component specimens manufactured by EOS-DMLS (direct metal laser sintering) and LENS (laser engineered net shape) RP (rapid prototyping) technology platforms, as well as manufactured specimens machined out of preferred standard hot work steel DIN 1.2344. These specimens resemble typical components used in metal high pressure die casting tool sets. The specimens were subjected to a programme of cyclic immersion in molten aluminium alloy and cooling in water-based die release medium. The heat checking and soldering phenomena were analyzed through periodic inspections, monitoring crack formation and evidence of surface washout. At the end of the thermal tests, mechanical strength and hardness tests were performed to assess toughness and core resistance variations in relation to the initial conditions. Finally metallographic investigations were performed through optical microscopy on all the specimens considered. The outcomes of this research will be presented and used by the CSIR for further development and application of the assessed EOS-DMLS and LENS rapid prototyping technologies in rapid die manufacturing techniques and die design principles, including time and economic feasibility criteria to be applied when considering rapid die manufacture.
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Demirsar, Yelda Özgen Tamerkan. "Investigation of The Reaction of Boron Oxide With Aluminium Powder And Method Development For Boron Determination In The Reaction Mixture/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimya/T000628.pdf.
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BUSO, SIDNEI J. "Estudos do efeito da composicao quimica e da conformacao mecanica na cinetica de recristalizacao de ligas Al-Mg-Zr." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11189.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Stein, Julien. "AA5083 aluminium alloys reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes : microstructure and mechanical properties." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20002.
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Cette étude a pour but de développer de nouveaux matériaux composites à matrice métallique renforcés par des nanotubes de carbone (CNT) et présentant des propriétés mécaniques améliorées. La majeure partie de ce travail a été réalisée en utilisant des CNT multi-feuillets synthétisés par déposition chimique en phase vapeur en tant que renforts et un alliage d'aluminium AA5083 comme matrice. Des composites CNT/AA5083 denses et homogènes ont été élaborés par le procédé de métallurgie des poudres suivi par une étape de mise en forme, l'extrusion. L'homogénéité de la dispersion des CNT à l'échelle microscopique dans les composites s'avère être un paramètre clé pour l'amélioration des propriétés mécaniques. Ceci a été réalisé par broyage planétaire à haute énergie impliquant des mécanismes de déformation plastique et de soudure à froid et a été démontré à l'aide d'études cartographiques par spectroscopie Raman. La limite d'élasticité, la résistance à la traction et la micro-dureté des composites homogènes ont été augmentées jusqu'à respectivement 55%, 61% et 33% en comparaison avec l'alliage sans CNT et préparé dans les mêmes conditions. Le coefficient de dilatation thermique a été quant à lui réduit de 10%. Les propriétés optimales ont été obtenues pour des concentrations en CNT de 1,5 % en masse. Le renforcement du matériau a été principalement attribué au transfert de charge à l'interface CNT/matriceThe overall goal of this thesis is to process new metal matrix composites reinforced by CNT with enhanced mechanical properties. The main part of this work was achieved using CVD-grown multi-walled CNT as reinforcement and a high-performance light aluminium alloy, AA5083, as the matrix. Dense and homogeneous CNT/AA5083 composites were processed by the powder metallurgy route, followed by an extrusion forming process. A homogeneous dispersion of the CNT in the composites at the micron scale appears to be a key parameter for improving the mechanical properties. This could be achieved using high energy ball milling through the mechanisms of plastic deformation and cold-welding, and was demonstrated from Raman spectroscopy cartography studies. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and micro-hardness of the homogeneous composites were increased by up to 55%, 61% and 33%, with respect to raw alloys processed in the same conditions, and the coefficient of thermal expansion was decreased by 10%. Optimal results were obtained with a CNT con-tent of 1.5 wt.-%. The material strengthening was principally attributed to load transfer at the CNT/matrix interface
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Rounthwaite, Nicholas James. "Development of bulk nanoquasicrystalline alloys for high strength elevated temperature applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:47bdc219-1733-40c1-ac6b-dbd5fc08f175.
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Al93Fe3Cr2Nb2 (at.%) nanoquasicrystalline alloys have been shown to have the potential to push the applications of aluminium alloys to more elevated temperatures, by maintaining a high strength. They also have more thermally stable microstructures than previous nanoquasicrystalline alloys from similar systems (the most studied of which is Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 (at.%)). Al93Fe3Cr2Nb2 (at.%) alloys have never previously been produced in samples on a scale larger than melt-spun ribbon. This study examines the production parameters of bulk nanoquasicrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Nb alloys. Firstly an attempt was made to reduce the melting temperatures of thermally stable nanoquasicrystalline alloys through additional alloying. The melting processes of binary, ternary, quaternary and quinary nanoquasicrystalline alloys was analysed though DTA, with endothermic reactions up to 1034oC observed. Rapidly solidified Al-Fe-Cr-Nb alloys were then produced in kilogram quantities through gas atomisation at an industrial scale. The smallest atomised powder particles contained fine scale microstructures consisting of nano-scale quasicrystals embedded in an aluminium matrix. As the cooling rate of the powder particles decreased new phases, including the theta phase (Al13(Fe,Cr)2-4) and Al3Nb were produced. 0-25μm, 25-50μm and 50-75μm (diameter) size fractions of atomised powder were each consolidated through extrusion to produce nanoquasicrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Nb bars. Composite bars of the nanoquasicrystalline alloy mixed with 10(vol.)% and 20(vol.)% pure aluminium were also produced. The consolidation of the nanoquasicrystalline atomised powders through extrusion led to precipitation of intermetallics including (Al13(Fe,Cr)2-4) and Al3Nb, particularly in the smallest powder size fractions with the most metastable microstructures. Finally the effects of the atomisation and extrusion conditions on the microstructure and its mechanical properties were studied. Improved strength, coupled with reduced ductility was observed with decreases in the elemental aluminium composition of the Al-Fe-Cr-Nb bars and the powder size fraction they were produced from. There was however improvements in toughness of the extruded composite bars, over the nanoquasicrystalline alloy bars.
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Queudet, Hippolyte. "Élaboration de composites Al/B4C pour application de protection balistique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0060.
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L’allègement des structures des véhicules est l’une des problématiques actuelles majeures car il permet d’atteindre de meilleures performances, une autonomie plus importante et une consommation plus faible. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai dans le domaine de la défense où la nécessité de se protéger face aux menaces balistiques implique un ajout de masse conséquent. Les alliages d’aluminium sont pour l’instant l’un des meilleurs compromis, mais augmenter leurs performances permettrait un nouveau gain de masse. Dans ce contexte, la métallurgie des poudres (MdP) se présente comme une alternative de choix aux procédés de mise en forme traditionnels car elle permet de combiner différents modes de renforcement des propriétés mécaniques, à savoir la nanostructuration, l’écrouissage, les solutions solides et les renforts particulaires. Dans un premier temps, l’étude s’est focalisée sur la possibilité de combiner haute densité et durcissement structural d’un alliage Al-Zn-Mg. La précipitation confère au matériau brut fritté des propriétés mécaniques un peu plus faibles que celles d’un alliage AA7020 de coulée traité à l’état T651. L’approche a ensuite été appliquée à la poudre broyée, le but étant alors d’associer densité et précipitation tout en préservant les grains ultrafins obtenus par broyage. Enfin, la problématique de la consolidation de composites à matrice métallique à grains ultrafins et à renforts B4C a été abordéeLightweight materials are very attractive in the global industry, and more specifically in the field of automotive and aeronautics fields. For army vehicles the reduction of the weight has increased the need for lightweight metal and ceramic armor systems ; the combination of these materials being a key element in modern packages. Nowadays, aluminum alloys are widely introduced in such systems. Increasing the mechanical properties of these alloys will automatically imply a decrease of the mass of ballistic protections. In this context, the powder metallurgy route appears promising as it allows simultaneously to nanostructure the matrix by strain hardening and to scatter properly particles reinforcements. First, the choice has been made to focus on the combination of high density and hardening precipitation of an Al-Zn-Mg alloy. Strengthening precipitates give the consolidated raw powder mechanical properties close to the ones of a commercial wrought aluminum alloy AA7020 in a T651 temper. Then the same process was optimized on a milled powder in order to preserve the fine grains obtained by high energy ball milling. Finally, B4C particles were introduced as reinforcements in the aluminum matrix to develop an ultrafine-grained metal matrix composite
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Pereira, Manuel Filipe Viana Teotonio. "ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FOR IN-DIE CAVITY USE, SUITABLE TO WITHSTAND ALUMINIUM HIGH PRESSURE DIE CASTING (HPDC) PROCESS CONDITIONS." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/243.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Engineering: Mechanical)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013This research examines the suitability of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for manufacturing dies used in aluminium high pressure die casting. The study was guided by the following objectives: • The reviews of applicable literature sources that outline technical and application aspects of AM in plastic injection moulds and the possibilities of applying it to high pressure casting die. • To introduce AM grown die components in die manufacture. Further, to develop a methodology that will allow industry to apply AM technology to die manufacture. • Revolutionise the way die manufacture is done. The potential for AM technologies is to deliver faster die manufacture turnaround time by requiring a drastically reduced amount of high level machining accuracy. It also reduces the number of complex mechanical material removal operations. Fewer critical steps required by suitable AM technology platforms able to grow fully dense metal components on die casting tools able to produce production runs. • Furthermore, promising competitive advantages are anticipated on savings to be attained on the casting processing side. AM technology allows incorporation of features in a die cavity not possible to machine with current machining approaches and technology. One such example is conformal cooling or heating of die cavities. This approach was successfully used in plastic injection mould cavities resulting in savings on both the part quality as well as the reduction on cycle time required to produce it (LaserCUSING®, 2007). AM technology has evolved to a point where as a medium for fast creation of an object, it has surpassed traditional manufacturing processes allowing for rapidly bridging the gap between ideas to part in hand. The suitability of the AM approach in accelerating the die manufacturing process sometime in the near future cannot be dismissed or ignored. The research showed that there is promise for application of the technology in the not too distant future. In the South African context, the current number and affordability of suitable AM platforms is one of the main stumbling blocks in effecting more widespread applied research aimed at introduction of the technology to die manufacture.
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Troadec, Carole. "Composite à matrice métallique Al-AlN : de la poudre au matériau." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4205.
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Cette etude s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'elaboration de composites a matrice metallique aluminium/nitrure d'aluminium, par metallurgie des poudres. Deux types de poudres sont utilisees: une poudre dite composite synthetisee par nitruration directe de l'aluminium par l'azote et une poudre dite melange obtenue a partir d'un melange de poudres commerciales elementaires aluminium et nitrure d'aluminium. Ces deux types de poudres subissent un broyage hautement energetique par melangeur planetaire sous argon, puis sont frittes par compression a chaud en phase solide. La microstructure de ces materiaux, etudiee en met et nanoanalyse edx, est relativement heterogene, constituee de zones denses polycristallines et de zones a forte porosite constituees de nanocristaux. La taille de ces zones microporeuses est superieure dans les materiaux melanges et varie en fonction du taux de nitrure d'aluminium et du temps de broyage. Les zones denses sont composees de grains d'aluminium entoures de nanocristaux de nitrure d'aluminium, avec des aiguilles d'alumine et quelques cristaux d'oxynitrure d'aluminium. L'ordre de grandeur des cristaux (<1 m) est confirme par diffraction des rayons x. Les proprietes physico-chimiques (coefficient de dilatation, conductivites thermique et electrique) et mecaniques (durete, module de young, limite d'elasticite, contrainte a la rupture) different en fonction du type des poudres de depart et evoluent avec la teneur en aln. Le comportement des deux types de materiaux differe egalement en usure et en corrosion. Ces nouveaux materiaux ont dans l'ensemble, a teneur en renfort similaire, des proprietes equivalentes a celles des materiaux al/sic ou al/al#2o#3
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COELHO, RODRIGO E. "Obtencao das ligas Al-Fe-X-Si (X = V ou Nb) por moagem de alta energia e extrusao a quente." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10870.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Kazmierczak, Kamila. "Análise das propriedades do compósito de aa2014 reforçado com nanopartículas de tio2, produzido via metalurgia do pó." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1662.
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This study evaluates the influence of processing by high energy ball milling in the production of metal matrix composite aluminum reinforced with nanoparticles of TiO2. The base AA2014 alloy was produced by mechanical alloying and subsequently strengthening was added. Several grindings were carried out by varying the ratio of nanoparticles of TiO2. After obtaining the base alloy and composite powders were subjected to annealing for the rearrangement of the microstructure and the stress relief, they were uniaxially compacted in a cylindrical die with a compressive stress of 490MPa, were subsequently extruded at a temperature of 490 °C. After extrusion materials were machined for the preparation of specimens for the tensile test, then the thermal annealing treatment occurred, was made after the heat treatment of solution-precipitation. The properties of the AA2014 alloy are influenced by the heat treatment solubilization-precipitation. The phases present and strengthening, as well as its distribution were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, conventional optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of fracture of these materials was observed by SEM to evaluate the mechanism involved in the fracture. Finally, the influence of the reinforcement in the matrix was analyzed for the mechanical properties of hardness, tensile strength and sliding wear. The hardness of the material showed an increase over the base alloy. With the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles, the values obtained were very similar tribological testing. In the tensile test was observed that the composite with 1.5% TiO2 showed an increase in material strength.
Este trabalho avalia a influência do processamento por moagem de alta energia na fabricação do compósito com matriz metálica de alumínio com reforço de nanoparticulas de TiO2. A liga base AA2014 foi produzida por moagem de alta energia e posteriormente o reforço foi adicionado. Várias moagens foram realizadas, variando-se a razão de nanoparticulas de TiO2. Após a obtenção da liga base e do compósito, os pós foram submetidos a recozimento, para o reordenamento da microestrutura e para o alívio das tensões, os mesmos foram compactados em uma matriz cilíndrica uniaxial, com uma tensão de compressão de 490MPa, posteriormente foram extrudados a uma temperatura de 490°C. Após a extrusão os materiais foram usinados para a confecção dos corpos de prova para o ensaio de tração, em seguida ocorreu o tratamento térmico de recozimento, após foi feito o tratamento térmico de solução-precipitação. As propriedades da liga AA2014 são influenciadas pelo tratamento térmico de solubilização-precipitação. As fases presentes e o reforço, bem como sua distribuição foram analisadas por microscopia ótica convencional, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. A superfície da fratura destes materiais foram observadas por MEV para avaliar o mecanismo envolvido na fratura. Por fim, a influência do reforço na matriz foi analisado quanto às propriedades mecânicas de dureza, resistência à tração e ao desgaste por deslizamento. A dureza do material apresentou um aumento em relação a liga base. Com a adição das nanopartículas de TiO2, os valores obtidos no ensaio tribológico foram muito semelhantes. No ensaio de tração foi possível observar que o compósito com 1,5% de TiO2 apresentou um aumento na resistência do material.
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Tomková, Jana. "Postupy pro dosažení vyšší povrchové jakosti ocelových odlitků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228895.
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The subject of this thesis is to verify effect of aluminium powder in ground refractory coatin, which is intended for casting od steel castings to organic bonded moulds. The pre-sence of aluminium powder in ground coating was expertised on term of coating in itself - that means immunity to heat shock, penetration etc., and in term of influence on formation of surface defects etc. Outputs of this thesis are: setting of optimum amount of aluminium powder in ground coating and statistically verified analysis of effects of modified coating in term of creation of defects
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Fieldhouse, Sarah Joanne. "Consistency and reproducibility in the deposition and evaluation of latent fingermarks, contributing to an investigation into the effectiveness of a portable cyanoacrylate fuming system and aluminium powder for latent fingermark development." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2009. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2347/.
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There are a variety of techniques that can be used for the development of latent friction ridge skin marks. Most of these techniques can only be used in a laboratory because of the requirement for specialist equipment, and health and safety implications. One exception is powder dusting, which is an established and very commonly used technique for the development of friction ridge skin marks on non-porous surfaces at scenes of crime. Cyanoacrylate fuming is another effective method for the development of friction ridge skin marks on non-porous surfaces. There have been a number of attempts to devise ‘in situ’ cyanoacrylate fuming methods, and recently Foster and Freeman Ltd. have introduced a portable cyanoacrylate fuming system, which can be used at the scene of the crime known as the SUPERfume. A comparison of the effectiveness of the SUPERfume with the powder dusting technique for the development of latent fingermarks was undertaken. This involved the use of several non-porous surfaces that are commonly encountered on immovable or large items at scenes of crime. A total of 13500 latent fingermarks were deposited onto these surfaces using a fingerprint sampler, which was a device manufactured specifically for this research project. The fingerprint sampler facilitated the reproducible deposition of the fingermarks under controlled conditions of force application, the angle of friction ridge to surface contact and the duration of friction ridge to surface contact. The latent fingermarks were stored in five temperature controlled environments for periods of up to fifty two weeks. They were then developed using the portable cyanoacrylate fuming device (SUPERfume), in a specially designed ‘SUPERfume room’, or using the aluminium powder dusting method. Of these 13500 fingermarks 5400 were assessed using a specially designed grading system, which was based upon the results of primary research with a number of leading fingerprint experts and research departments. A statistical analysis of the data using a variety of tests was conducted. The main findings from this research were that latent fingermarks deposited onto glass surfaces were generally of a higher quality than latent fingermarks deposited onto very smooth surfaces, such as enamelled metal paint and smooth plastic. Textured surfaces including textured plastic and varnished wood produced latent fingermarks of a relatively poor quality. Latent fingermarks deposited onto glass, enamelled metal paint and varnished wood were developed more effectively with aluminium powder than cyanoacrylate fuming using the SUPERfume. Cyanoacrylate fuming (SUPERfume) was more effective at developing latent fingermarks deposited onto smooth and textured plastic surfaces. Generally as the temperature of the storage temperature was increased the quality of the fingermarks decreased. This observation was more apparent for latent fingermarks developed using aluminium powder. In instances where latent fingermarks were stored in very warm environments (37°C) cyanoacrylate fuming using the SUPERfume was more effective at developing the marks than aluminium powder. Following storage temperatures between -10°C and 20°C aluminium powder developed latent fingermarks of a higher quality than cyanoacrylate fuming using the SUPERfume. There was some evidence to suggest that storage temperatures cooler than 0ºC were detrimental to latent fingermark quality, but only one temperature below 0ºC was considered. There was no difference in the quality of the fingermarks developed using aluminium powder or cyanoacrylate fuming (SUPERfume) for fingermarks stored at 20°C. As the length of storage time increased the quality of the latent fingermarks decreased. This was more noticeable for fingermarks developed using aluminium powder compared to cyanoacrylate fuming (SUPERfume). It was possible to develop usable fingermarks on most surfaces after fifty two weeks of storage, in all temperature environments, using both development techniques. In general aluminium powder was found to be more effective at developing latent fingermarks compared to the SUPERfume for fingermarks less than twenty weeks old. Following twenty four weeks and fifty two weeks of storage there was no difference in the effectiveness of aluminium powder or cyanoacrylate fuming (SUPERfume) for the development of latent fingermarks. Taking into account all surface types, storage temperatures and storage time periods aluminium powder produced fingermarks of a higher quality compared to the cyanoacrylate fuming technique using the SUPERfume.
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GOMIDE, RICARDO G. "Influencia do teor de gadolinia no processamento e nas propriedades do composito alumina-gadolinia (Al sub(2) O sub(3) - Gd sub(2) O sub(3))." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10949.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Jesus, Edilson Rosa Barbosa de. "OBTENÇÃO, USINAGEM E DESGASTE DE MATERIAIS COMPÓSITOS DE MATRIZ METÁLICA PROCESSADOS VIA METALURGIA DO PÓ." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85132/tde-25052007-163032/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi a obtenção de compósitos de matriz metálica (CMM) pela rota da metalurgia do pó, e a avaliação destes quanto às suas características de usinagem e desgaste. Inicialmente foram obtidos materiais compósitos de matriz de alumínio comercialmente puro, com frações volumétricas de partículas de reforço de carboneto de silício iguais a 5, 10 e 15 %. Foi obtida também uma quantidade de material somente com o material da matriz (sem partículas de reforço) para que se pudesse durante o trabalho, verificar por comparação a influência da adição de material de reforço na matriz. O material obtido foi caracterizado física (densidade hidrostática), mecânica (dureza, ensaios de tração) e microestruturalmente (microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura). Os resultados mostraram para os materiais compósitos uma distribuição homogênea das partículas de reforço e melhoria das propriedades mecânicas principalmente o limite de resistência (LR) em relação ao material sem reforço. Na etapa seguinte foram realizados ensaios para verificação do comportamento dos materiais frente à usinagem, e avaliação de desempenho de diversos materiais de ferramenta (carboneto cementado, cerâmica e diamante policristalino). Nestes ensaios foram coletados valores de força de corte a partir de porta-ferramentas instrumentados com medidores de deformação. Fenômenos tais como desgaste da ferramenta, formação ou não de aresta postiça de corte e formação de cavaco também foram observados e avaliados. Os resultados encontrados nos ensaios com ferramenta de carboneto duro sinterizado foram utilizados para a determinação dos índices de usinabilidade de cada material; estes valores foram ainda aplicados na equação de Taylor e as constantes da equação para os materiais e condições de ensaio foram também determinadas. Os resultados mostraram que a inclusão de partículas de reforço cerâmico torna extremamente difícil a usinagem desses materiais e, somente com ferramenta de diamante foi possível obter resultados satisfatórios. Na fase final foram realizados testes de desgaste de efeito comparativo para verificação da influência da adição de partículas de reforço nas características de resistência ao desgaste do material. Neste caso a adição de partículas de reforço mostrou ser eficiente na melhoria da resistência ao desgaste de todos os materiais compósitos em relação ao material sem reforço.The aim of this investigation was the obtainment of metal matrix composites (MMC) by the route of powder metallurgy, and the valuation of these materials with relation to their machining and wear characteristics. Firstly, were obtained pure comercial aluminium matrix composites materials, with 5, 10 and 15% volumectric fraction of silicon carbide particles. Was also obtained a material without reinforcement particles in order to verify by comparison, the influence of adittion of reinforcement particles. The obtained materials were characterized physics (hidrostatic density), mechanics (hardness and tensile tests) and microstructurally (optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). The results showed a homogeneous distribution of reinforcement particles in the composite, and improvement in the mechanical properties, mainly tensile strength (UTS) in comparison to the unreinforced material. After, tests were made to verify the materials behavior during machining and to check the performance of several tool materials (cemented carbide, ceramics and polycrystalline diamond). In these tests, values of the cutting force were measured by instrumented tool-holders. Phenomena such as tool wear, built-up edge formation and mechanism of chip formation were also observed and evaluated. The results from the cemented carbide tool tests, were utilisated for the machinability index determination of each material. These results were applied to the Taylor equation and the equation constants for each material and test conditions were determinated. The results showed that the inclusion of silicon carbide particles made extremely difficult the machining of the composites, and only with diamond tool, satisfactory results were obtained. At last, wear tests were performed to verify the influence of the reinforcement particles in the characteristics of wear resistance of the materials. The results obtained were utilized in the wear coefficient determination for each material. The results showed an improvement in wear resistance, with the increase in volume fraction of reinforcement particles.
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Skulina, Daniel. "Zpracování Al-Sc hliníkové slitiny technologií SLM." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318760.
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Master's thesis deals with the experimental determination of process parameters reaching densities >99 % for scandium modified aluminium alloy (Scalmalloy®) processed by SLM. The alloy achieves higher mechanical properties than the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy commonly used. The theoretical part deals mainly with the results of Scalmalloy® alloys. Experimental bodies, testing methodology and evaluation method were designed on the basis of the theoretical parts,. The practical part is divided into four main stages: experimental determination of process parameters, a description of the effect of the parameters used on the relative density achieved, examination of the influence of process parameters on surface quality and mechanical testing. The mechanical properties were determined for the best parameters.
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Hanusová, Petra. "Intermetalické sloučeniny syntetizované in-situ v práškových materiálech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371774.
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The mechanical treatment of solids is one of the most common and widely used operations. The volume of solids subjected to chemical treatment is very large too. Therefore, combining these two ways into one seems to be a logical solution. This method is called the mechanochemical processing of materials. Processing materials in this way has many advantages. On the one hand, this processing is economically as well as technologically feasible. Even the materials that not react together in conventional way can be prepare in this way. The mechanochemistry/mechanochemical synthesis utilizes the mechanical energy to activate chemical reactions and structural changes. The aluminothermic reduction reactions induced by the high – energy ball milling are gaining importance because of the potential applications like the synthesis of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline in – situ metal matrix composites. The mechanical activation of the chemical reactions by high energy ball milling often changes the reaction mechanism and produces metastable materials. Changes of reaction mechanisms during mechanical alloying on four different systems were studied. The system was based on this composition: Al - B2O3 - X (X = C, Ti, Nb, Cr). The possibility of another in – situ reactions during spark plasma sintering process (SPS) was also investigated. All systems were mechanically alloyed under the same conditions. After alloying, on each system scanning electron microscopy was performed and qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. The indentation hardness and the indentation modulus of elasticity were evaluated using nanoindentation. All analyzes were performed after mechanical alloying as well as SPS and the results were compared to each other. Based on the results, a change of reaction mechanisms was proposed for all systems. It has been found that metal matrix composites are formed and, when chromium is used, hybrid composite material reinforced with intermetallic phase and aluminum borate has been developed.
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Yousfi, Lazhar. "Transition de phase sous sollicitations mécaniques. Elaboration de poudre de Ni3Al par broyage de mélange de poudres élémentaires (Al et Ni) ou de rubans de Ni3Al." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066290.
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Le but de ce travail est d'étudier expérimentalement l'élaboration des poudres de Ni3Al par mécanosynthèse ainsi que le comportement du produit broyé en fonction de la composition initiale, des conditions et de la durée d'élaboration. L'influence du désordre chimique sur le processus d'amorphisation des métaux à l'état solide est envisagée. Une étude bibliographique, présentée au premier chapitre, a permis de cerner, en partie, les phénomènes conduisant à l'activation des solides par broyage. Pour cela des expériences préliminaires sont effectuées, en deuxième partie, sur un composé modèle (Ni10Zr7) pour déterminer le rôle fondamental des conditions de broyage correspondant aux vitesses des éléments de rotation du dispositif utilisé. Après une étude comparative de deux dispositifs différents, la caractérisation des produits montre que les transformations de phase souhaitées correspondent à des conditions déterminées. Dans la troisième partie, et pour les mêmes conditions de broyage, une étude cinétique est consacrée au comportement, au cours de l'élaboration, d'un mélange de poudres élémentaires de Ni et Al et aussi de ruban de Ni3Al. L'influence d'un agent de contrôle pour prévenir le soudage des produits broyés est aussi considérée. Une similitude dans le comportement des poudres élémentaires et de rubans, après des durées élevées pour certaines conditions de broyage, est établie. Les aspects majeurs relevés dans cette étude sont : la détermination des conditions équivalentes de broyage ; le désordre chimique précède la transition de la phase cristalline à celle amorphe et enfin l'impossibilité de la formation d'une phase complètement ou même majoritairement amorphe à partir du mélange de poudres élémentaires (Al et Ni) et de l'intermétallique (Ni3Al) comme dans le cas de Ni10Zr7
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LEAL, NETO RICARDO M. "Sintese por combustao do NbAl-3 e de ligas do sistema Nb-Ni-Al." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1998. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10661.
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Tese(Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Leger, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Rôle de la microstructure sur les mécanismes de corrosion marine d’un dépôt à base d’aluminium élaboré par projection dynamique par gaz froid (« cold spray »)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM005.
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Le principe de la projection dynamique par gaz froid ou « cold spray » repose sur la projection de particules de poudres convoyées par un gaz à des vitesses supersoniques vers un substrat. La déformation des particules à l’impact avec ce dernier permet la construction d’un dépôt. Ce procédé permet de conserver la microstructure des particules de poudre et de produire des dépôts peu poreux. Cette dernière caractéristique est essentielle dans le cadre d’applications anticorrosion. L’ambition de la thèse est de comprendre le rôle de la microstructure sur les mécanismes de corrosion marine d’un dépôt à base d’aluminium élaboré par cold spray. Pour atteindre cet objectif sont projetées des poudres à base d’aluminium (aluminium pur, alliages d’aluminium et mélanges avec ajout d’alumine) sur un substrat en acier. Les microstructures des dépôts sont étudiées jusqu’à l’échelle nanométrique (MET). L’adhérence des dépôts est mesurée par l’essai de plot collé. A partir des microstructures sont proposés plusieurs mécanismes de formation de la porosité dans un dépôt cold spray à différentes échelles. Une étude numérique par éléments finis complète cette analyse microstructurale. Grâce aux mesures de la vitesse (DPV-2000) et de la température (caméra thermique) d’impact des particules, les paramètres de nouveaux modèles matériau sont optimisés pour simuler le comportement de l’aluminium et de l’alumine à l’impact. De plus, plusieurs essais de corrosion marine (immersion et brouillard salin) sont conduits. L’étude des microstructures corrodées permettent d’établir différents mécanismes de corrosion du dépôt cold spray. Un lien entre la porosité du dépôt et son comportement en corrosion est notamment montré. Enfin, une première approche du transfert de technologie du procédé à l’échelle industrielle est décriteCold spray process is based on spraying particles carried by a gas at a supersonic speed onto a substrate. Particle deformation during impact with the substrate creates a coating. This spraying process can retain particle microstructure and produce very dense coating. This property is crucial for anticorrosion applications. The aim of this work is to understand the effect of cold spray aluminum coating microstructure on marine corrosion mechanisms. To achieve this goal, several aluminum powders (including pure aluminum, aluminum alloys and mixtures with alumina) are sprayed onto a steel substrate. Coating microstructure is studied down to a nanoscale (TEM). The coating-substrate bond strength is determined using pull-off testing. From a thorough microstructure study, various mechanisms are proposed to explain multiscale porosity formation in coatings. A numerical study using finite elements modeling complements this microstructure analysis. From particle speed (DPV-2000) and temperature (thermal camera) measurements during impact, new material models are optimized to model aluminum and alumina behavior at particle impact. Moreover, corrosion tests are conducted (including immersion and salt spray tests). The study of corroded coating microstructures is used to identify corrosion mechanisms which occur in the coating. A relationship between coating porosity and its corrosion behavior is particularly brought into light. Finally, a first approach to a technological transfer of this process to an industrial application is proposed
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Filho, Edson Souza de Jesus. "OBTENÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO À FADIGA DE COMPÓSITOS DE MATRIZ DE ALUMÍNIO SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES TRATAMENTOS SUPERFICIAIS MECÂNICOS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85132/tde-25052007-152848/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação do comportamento à fadiga de materiais compósitos de matriz metálica (CMM) obtidos pela rota da metalurgia do pó, tendo como variáveis a fração volumétrica de reforços e o tipo de tratamento superficial mecânico utilizado. Foram obtidos materiais compósitos com matriz de alumínio AA 1100 reforçados com partículas de carboneto de silício (SiC) nas frações volumétricas de 5, 10 e 15%. Uma quantidade de material de controle, constituído unicamente pelo material da matriz também foi produzida para fins de comparação. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados física, mecânica e microestruturalmente. Os resultados mostraram, de maneira geral, uma distribuição homogênea das partículas de reforço e melhoria do limite de resistência dos compósitos com relação ao material de controle. Entretanto, alguns defeitos como porosidades e veios de alumínio puro foram detectados esporadicamente. Em outra etapa, foram realizados ensaios de fadiga do tipo axial nos materiais em modo tensão-tensão, com razão de tensões R = 0,1 e frequência de 15 Hz. Os tipos de tratamentos superficiais utilizados na confecção dos corpos de prova de fadiga foram: usinagem e jateamento. As variáveis de usinagem foram: taxa de avanço e tipo de ferramenta. Os materiais jateados não apresentaram melhorias significativas de vida à fadiga com relação ao material de controle. Os usinados grosseiramente apresentaram a pior vida em fadiga e as marcas de usinagem, nestes casos, funcionaram como fortes concentradores de tensão. Os reforçados com 5% de SiC, diferentemente daqueles reforçados com 10 e 15%, apresentaram vida à fadiga inferior à do material de controle, ou por causa do menor limite de escoamento ou devido à menor fração volumétrica de reforços. Os materiais usinados com metal duro (MD) não apresentaram diferenças de vida à fadiga com relação aos usinados com PCD, provavelmente devido à classe do metal duro utilizado. Os materiais reforçados com 5% de SiC e jateados apresentaram resultados de fadiga com os maiores desvios padrões. Os materiais reforçados com 5% de SiC apresentaram as menores sensibilidades à fadiga com a variação da carga.The objective of this work was the evaluation of the fatigue behaviour of aluminium metal matrix composites (MMC) obtained by powder metallurgy. The testing variables were the volumetric fraction of reinforcements and the type of mechanical surface treatment used. Initially, the composite materials were obtained from aluminium AA 1100 matrix, reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles in the volumetric fraction of 5, 10 and 15%. An amount of control material (unreinforced) was produced for comparison purposes. The obtained materials were physically, mechanically and microstructurally characterised. The results showed a homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement particles and an improvement of the ultimate tensile strength of the composites with relation to the control material. However, some defects such as porosity and streaks of pure aluminium were detected. In a second stage, the fatigue tests of the composites were accomplished. The types of surface treatments used in the fabrication of the fatigue test specimens were machining and shot peening. For machining the variables were feed rate and tool type. The shot peened materials did not present a significant fatigue life improvement when compared to the control material. The coarse machined materials presented the worst fatigue life and the machining marks worked as strong stress concentrators. The material reinforced with 5% of SiC, differently of those reinforced with 10 and 15% showed inferior fatigue life when compared to the control material, probably because of a lower yielding strength, or lower reinforcement volumetric fraction. The material machined with hard metal (MD) did not present differences of fatigue life with relation to the machined with PCD, probably due to the class of the hard metal used. The material reinforced with 5% of SiC and shot peened, presented fatigue results with the largest standard deviations. The materials reinforced with 5% of SiC presented the smallest fatigue sensibility with the load variation.
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Abondance, Didier. "Modélisation thermomécanique d'un procédé de mise en forme aux cotes de pièces complexes par compression isostatique à chaud de poudre de TA6V." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10026.
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La compression isostatique a chaud (cic) aux cotes de poudre de ta6v peut etre une solution economique pour fabriquer des composants complexes de moteurs aeronautiques et spatiaux. L'objectif de cette etude etait de developper les outils de prediction de la geometrie finale et de la densite finale de telles pieces. Dans un premier temps, les lois de comportement viscoplastiques des materiaux de moule (304l, xc18) et du ta6v puis les fonctions rheologiques de la poudre ont ete determinees experimentalement a l'aide d'essais de c. I. C. Interrompus et de compression uniaxiale. Un ensemble coherent de donnees materiaux a ete ainsi obtenu dans une gamme de vitesse de deformation (10#-#5 a 10#-#3 s#-#1) typique du procede de c. I. C. Mais intermediaire entre celle du fluage et du forgeage. Nous avons ensuite fabrique trois pieces de validation, deux axisymetriques et une tridimensionnelle. Des mesures de densites relative et de dimensions de ces trois pieces ont ete realisees. En parallele des simulations numeriques ont ete effectuees en utilisant un code aux elements finis bidimensionnel, compact2, et les lois de comportement determinees precedemment. Les differences entre les geometries mesurees et modelisees sont en general faibles et valident l'utilisation de la loi d'abouaf pour representer le comportement de la poudre dans le cas des pieces industrielles considerees
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Daloz, Dominique. "Propriétés mécaniques et tenue à la corrosion d'alliages Mg-Zn-Al élaborés par solidification rapide et consolidés par extrusion." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL008N.
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Des poudres Mg-xZn-yAl (x = 1, 3 et y = 8, 15 ou 20% at) de 50 à 100 micromètres ont été élaborées par pulvérisation centrifuge et consolidées par extrusion à chaud. Il y a recristallisation dynamique dans la filière: on passe d'une structure dendritique biphasée (matrice alpha et précipité béta Mg₁₇Al₁₂) à gros grains (10 micromètres) à une structure biphasée à grains submicroniques ( 0. 7 micromètre). La répartition des éléments zinc et aluminium entre matrice et précipités, et donc la fraction volumique fv, ont été déterminées par mesure des paramètres en DRX. On observe une augmentation linéaire du module d'Young et de la microdureté des alliages avec fv. La texture de déformation développée initialement dans la filière n'est pas complètement effacée par la recristallisation dynamique: ceci conduit à des comportements différents en traction et en compression, et cela malgré la finesse du grain. À 20°C on mesure des limites d'élasticité de l'ordre de 500MPa pour quelques % de ductilité. Au dessus de 150°C le matériau se déforme de façon superplastique. Les courants de corrosions mesurés sont de l'ordre de 20 microampères par centimètre carré. La perte de masse en milieu NaCl 3% est dix fois plus faible pour les alliages solidifiés rapidement. La corrosion est de type galvanique, et son amplitude est diminuée par l'affinement de la microstructure. L’ajout d'aluminium augmente la passivité, celle de zinc le potentiel de corrosion, ces effets sont bénéfiques. Le pouvoir inhibiteur des carboxylates de sodium est étudié en fonction de la longueur de la chaine. Le taux d'inhibition augmente avec celle-ci et peut atteindre 96%. La meilleure formulation est susceptible d'être substituée aux chromates en milieu faiblement agressif
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Neto, Ricardo Mendes Leal. "Síntese por combustão do NbAl3 e de ligas do sistema Nb-Ni-Al." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85132/tde-25062012-102602/.
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O NbAl3 e algumas ligas intermetálicas do sistema Nb-Ni-AI foram sintetizadas por combustão a partir dos pós de seus elementos constituintes. O efeito de variáveis de processo, como o tamanho de partícula dos pós, a composição química, a pressão de compactação, o tratamento de desgaseificação e a taxa de aquecimento, foram investigados na síntese do NbAl3 na forma de pastilhas cilíndricas. A síntese de ligas do sistema Nb-Ni-AI foi realizada a partir de misturas com as composições Nb10Ni70AI, Nb20Ni65AI e Nb30Ni60AI. A microestrutura das amostras reagidas foi caracterizada por microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, EDS e difração de raios-X (método de Rietveld). Foram obtidas pastilhas de NbAl3 com 98,5 % da densidade teórica, superior ao valor encontrado na literatura (95%), mediante o controle de variáveis de processo. Nas pastilhas contendo níquel, a combustão ocorreu nas pastilhas de todas as composições. Fases metaestáveis, presentes na microestrutura das pastilhas baitas de reação, foram transformadas após tratamento térmico, originando ligas trifásicas com diferentes concentrações de fases (NbAl3, NiAI e NbNiAI), conforme a composição inicial do compactado. Algumas propriedades mecânicas de amostras brutas de reação e tratadas termicamente foram determinadas pela técnica da impressão (microdureza e tenacidade). Os resultados obtidos são comparáveis aos da literatura, salvo algumas discrepâncias atribuídas a processos de fabricação distintos. As etapas de reação da síntese do NbAl3 e de ligas Nb-Ni-AI foram posteriormente investigadas mediante interrupção da reação durante sua propagação ao longo de barras paralelepipédicas compactadas. Verificou-se que a síntese do NbAl3 ocorre pela dissolução de nióbio no alumínio fundido, seguida da precipitação do NbAl3. Nas amostras contendo níquel, a síntese ocorre em dois estágios: no primeiro estágio formam-se o Ni2Al3 ou o NiAl3, em quantidades relativas dependentes da composição geral. As reações deste primeiro estágio podem disparar as reações do segundo estágio, referentes à síntese do NbAl3.NbAl3 and Nb-Ni-AI intermetallic alloys have been obtained by pressureless combustion synthesis from elemental powders. The effects of process variables as powder particle size, composition, compaction pressure (green density), degassing treatment and heating rate on the combustion (thermal explosion mode) of NbAl3 cylindrical pellets were studied. Combustion synthesis of Nb-Ni-AI alloys was performed on powder mixtures with nominal compositions Nb10Ni70AI, Nb20Ni65AI and Nb30NI60AI. The microstructure of reacted samples was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, EDS and X-ray diffraction (Rietveld method). It was shown that careful control of the processing conditions allowed near full (98,5%) dense pellets of NbAl3. In the nickel containing pellets, reaction occurred for all the compositions investigated. Metastable phases were seen to be present in the as reacted pellets, which were transformed after a heat treatment, producing a three phase alloy (NbAl3, NiAI and NbNiAI) with different phase concentrations, depending on the initial compact composition. Some mechanical properties, like microhardness and tenacity were measured by microidentation technique on the as reacted and heat-treated samples. The results are comparable with the literature, excepted for some discrepancies caused by different fabrication processes. The reaction sequence for both cases (NbAl3 and Nb-Ni-AI alloys) was further investigated by DSC analysis and also by interrupting the reaction during its propagation along compacted parallelopipedal bars. It was found that the NbAl3 synthesis occurs through niobium dissolution in molten aluminum and precipitation of NbAl3. In the nickel containing samples, synthesis occurs as two-stage reaction: Ni2Al3 or NiAl3 are formed in the first stage, with relative amounts depending on the general composition. This first stage reaction can trigger the second one, related to the formation of NbAl3.
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Azeez, Qaisar A. "Synthesis of ultrafine aluminum nitride powders in a flow reactor." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182779122.
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Van, Zyl Arnold. "The synthesis of beta alumina powders." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17648.
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Bibliography: pages 83-90.Beta alumina solid electrolyte material is conventionally synthesized by the high temperature solid state reaction of α-Al₂O₃ with soda and a stabilizer ion such as lithia or magnesia. This reaction requires a reconstructive transformation of the α-Al₂O₃ oxygen sublattice and results in a two-phase mixture of β and β"-Al₂O. In order to maximize the preferred β"-Al₂O₃ phase an additional peak heat treatment schedule is required. This work investigated the replacement of the α-Al ₂O₃ component of the reaction mixture with a range of synthetic aluminium hydroxide precursor materials. Four different aluminium hydroxide precursors were synthesized by the controlled hydrolysis of a common aluminium isopropoxide parent material. The oxygen sublattice of each aluminium hydroxide precursor was engineered by varying the alkoxide hydrolysis conditions. These precursors were used to synthesize beta alumina powders by the high temperature solid state reaction with soda and lithia, resulting in powders with a nominal composition of Li₀.₃₈Na₁.₆₅Al₁₀.₆₆O₁₇. The solid state reactions were monitored by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The structural development of the reaction products with increasing temperature, was monitored by powder X-ray diffraction. A significant observation was the direct formation of single phase β"-Al₂O₃ at 1200 °C by the solid state reaction of soda and lithia with certain aluminium hydroxides. The work concludes with the proposal of a generalized mechanism relating the aluminium hydroxide precursor oxygen sublattice to the nature of the beta alumina reaction product.
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Dokoupil, Martin. "Vývoj tepelně-izolační hmoty určené pro použití při vysokých teplotách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225904.
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The work deals with the development of a new thermal insulation material that contains a secondary raw materials or waste. It is an insulating material with the requirement of resistance to high temperatures - 200 ° C and 500 ° C. Type of material is determined by the way of reducing density - direct and indirect. Direct is achieved by adding lightweight aggregates, indirect is achieved by gas evolution through chemical reaction and the subsequent incorporation of gas into the structure of the material. This thesis is part of the MPO TIP č. FR-TI 2/340 project.
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Bassaw, Benjamin. "Comportement en fatigue d'un alliage expérimental Cu-Al(2)O(3) : (base cuivre à dispersion d'alumine) élaboré par métallurgie des poudres." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2263.
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Des essais de traction-compression dans le domaine de fatigue plastique ont revele la grande stabilite cyclique du materiau. Analyse des conditions d'amorcage et de propagation des fissures. Mise en evidence du role des defauts de frittage ou des inclusions. Des essais de fissuration sont effectues dans le domaine des moyennes et basses vitesses en considerant l'effet du rapport de charge et de l'environnement. Description par la mecanique lineaire de rupture du comportement des microfissures
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Olakanmi, Eyitayo Olatunde. "Direct selective laser sintering of aluminium alloy powders." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1476/.
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The SLS/SLM of aluminium powder had been investigated by studying the effect of powder properties and laser processing parameters on the microstructures and properties of both single layer and multiple layer builds. On the basis of experimental evidence, the SLS/SLM of aluminium powders could be categorised into full melting (SLM) which was found to have occurred in both pure and pre-alloyed aluminium powders, and binary liquid phase sintering (SLS) which occurred in blended bimodal or trimodal powders. That successful disruption of the oxide film is possible is a significant result, as is the constitutional effect on this. The spheroidisation and oxide disruption phenomena in SLS/SLM processed aluminium powders arc suggested to be mainly controlled by the amount of oxide on the as-received powder's surface, the degree of the uniformity of the distribution of the surface oxide film covering the aluminium particles as well as the nature of thermal mismatch existing between the oxide film and the parent aluminium particle which was dependent on the phase present in the oxide film (alumina, mullite, and spinel). It was discovered that the attainment of high sintered density and desirable microstructural properties in the blended aluminium powders is consequent upon the determination of the right processing conditions, appropriate choice of powders (in terms of particle size distribution, spherical particle shape, and component ratio). Moreover, it is now evident that chemical constitution of the blended aluminium powders only becomes influential in the determination of the properties of SLS processed parts when the choice of processing parameters and powder properties are correct. The choice of powder properties determines the thermal conductivity of the powder bed which in effect controls the sintered properties. This had been inferred from the relationship between powder tapping density on one hand, and selective laser sintered (SLS) density, dendrite spacing and fraction of primary phase on the other hand. In making smaller samples, it has been shown that the attainment of high sintered density (up to 90%) and a good microstructure are feasible. These arc accompanied by reasonable hardness values, comparable to those of cast Al-12wt%Si castings. In fabricating larger sized parts for mechanical testing, defects such as delamination became more noticeable leading to poor mechanical properties in those samples. Thus, it is now clear that physical limitations of the sintering machine hinder the production of SLS/SLM processed parts having excellent structural integrity. On the basis of this work, it is envisaged that the use of pre-alloyed Al-Si powders of uniform composition, but a wider particle size and size distribution, blended to optimise the bed density, offers the potential to produce light alloy components by SLS. In conclusion, the specific laser energy input, the component ratio, and the particle size and size distribution of the powder were found to have strongly influenced the densitication mechanism and the solidification process in a small sized aluminium powdered part fabricatedb y SLS/SLM process.
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CASTAGNET, MARIANO. "Avaliacao da compressibilidade de misturas de pos de niobio e aluminio ativadas mecanicamente." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11750.
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Woods, Terry O'Riska. "An investigation of the mechanical properties and microscopic structure of extruded powder aluminum subjected to biaxial loadings at elevated temperature." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17232.
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