Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aluminum industry and trade – Jamaica

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Aluminum industry and trade – Jamaica'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aluminum industry and trade – Jamaica"

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Kaufmann, Thomas D. "Jamaica in the World Aluminum Industry, 1938–1973." Resources Policy 16, no. 4 (December 1990): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4207(90)90045-d.

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Emanuel, Machel Anthony, Andre Yone Haughton, and K’adamawe K’nife. "Policy analysis and implications of establishing the Caribbean Cannabis Economy (CCE): lessons from Jamaica." Drugs and Alcohol Today 18, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-09-2017-0052.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of legislative amendments to the Dangerous Drugs Act in 2015 and the establishment of a Cannabis Licensing Authority (CLA) in Jamaica as the first Caribbean country to decriminalize cannabis and attempt to establish a medical cannabis industry. The research also attempts to understand the perception of key industry players and interest groups to the existing regulatory framework in Jamaica. Design/methodology/approach The research reviews local and global trends, the developments in cannabis legislation and conducts questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews to get feedback from key industry stakeholders and interest groups. Findings The findings suggest that there is a lack of confidence in the CLA in Jamaica, who are faced with the task of balancing the emerging medical cannabis industry and formalizing the existing illegal cannabis trade. There appears to be inconsistencies and lack of coordination between the associated ministries, departments and agencies. The CLA in Jamaica has established two separate cannabis models that appear to be incoherent in their approach to policy. On the one hand they are regulating cultivation, processing and supply, and on the other hand, the law remains unclear about the purchase or consumption of cannabis and its by-products. Practical implications Countries must learn from Jamaica’s experience if they wish to effectively establish a medical cannabis industry and legitimize existing illegal cannabis economic activities. These countries must ensure they tailor fit the approach of their CLAs to minimize any negative perception from industry players. Laws established to facilitate linkages from the cultivation to processing to packaging to transportation to retail must also include clear laws surrounding the purchase and consumption of cannabis. Jamaica has a far way to go and must continue to learn from other countries and states, for example, Holland, Spain and Uruguay, while at the same time learning from itself. Originality/value This paper is novel as it addresses the transition of the legislative process in Jamaica. It also serves as lesson for other countries that seek to engage in the development of their cannabis industries.
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Racquel Elizabeth Chin, Kimberly. "Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade and Its Contribution to the Proposed Logistics Hub in Jamaica." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 2, no. 4 (2015): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.24.1004.

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In order to objectively analyze contribution of logistic operations to Jamaica’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), we perform the Granger causality test. This test was used to determine the relationship among Gross Domestic Product (as a dependent variable) and Government Income, Trade, FDI inflow and the Exchange rate (as independent variables). The Granger causality test produced evidence of a bidirectional causality relationship which suggests that FDI’s influence on efficiency lies in the government relaxing its dependency on the mining industry for economic growth. fdi logistics
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HAKOBYAN, SHUSHANIK. "Do Anti-dumping Duties Still Matter? The Curious Case of Aluminum Foil." World Trade Review 17, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745617000465.

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AbstractIn 2009, the EU imposed anti-dumping duties on aluminum foil imported from Armenia, Brazil, and China for five years. The final determination resulted in the imposition of definitive anti-dumping duties of 13.4% (Armenia), 17.6% (Brazil), and 6.4–30% (China). This paper quantifies the direct and indirect effects of the EU anti-dumping duty on EU and US imports from targeted and unaffected countries using detailed data for the years 2006 through 2012, and controlling for exports of all products within the aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing industry from all countries. The findings point to the trade destruction, trade depression, trade diversion, and trade deflection effects typically found in the existing literature. However, the uniqueness of this case lies in the fact that the Armenian exporter is a subsidiary of a Russian firm. And as Armenia's exports to the EU declined, they expanded rapidly to the US. At the same time, the US imports from Russia, a country not directly touched by the anti-dumping ruling, declined dramatically, and were diverted to the EU. This points to the potential ineffectiveness of anti-dumping duties in the presence of multinational corporations with production facilities located across countries differentially impacted by anti-dumping duties.
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Knox, Bruce. "The Queen's Letter of 1865 and British Policy towards Emancipation and Indentured Labour in the West Indies, 1830–1865." Historical Journal 29, no. 2 (June 1986): 345–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0001877x.

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Modern historians of the Jamaica rebellion of October 1865 have attached much causal importance to a document of 14 June the same year, known as ‘the Queen's Letter’. This was the official response to a petition in which ‘certain poor people’ of St Ann's parish in the island had naively asked their sovereign for ‘a quantity of land’ and other means of relief from distress. Drafted by Henry Taylor, clerk and senior clerk in the West India department, of the colonial office since the mid-1820s, and approved by permanent under-secretary Sir Frederic Rogers and secretary of state Edward Cardwell, it has acquired an unmitigatedly bad reputation. It is not merely that it was naturally based on the knowledge that no imperial funds or other competence existed or could exist for relieving the consequences even of admittedly bad seasons in colonies (or at home), but rather that it thrust austere advice upon the suffering petitioners. Any labouring population, it stated, whether in Jamaica or England, could provide against adversity only by ‘industry and prudence’: above all, by undertaking – what was understood to be notoriously lacking amongst creoles – regular work for wages. Even the most sympathetic critics have considered this to be ‘harsh’ and ‘callous’. One writes that it reflected the sentiments of an imperial bureaucracy whose expectations had been influenced by the remarkable changes in English society, whose attitudes were governed by evangelical propriety, and whose notions of progress were inextricably tied to productivity, trade figures, accumulating property, and the refinements which these entailed.
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Klinov, V. "Money and Economy (on the book by M. A. Portnoy “Money in National and World Economies”)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2017): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-12-120-130.

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The evolution of money’s nature and functions to evaluate prices of goods and services, to preserve and increase assets holdings as well as to serve as a means of payments is presented by the author in connection with the development of advanced economies. Сredit money superiority over commodity money has been proved. The truth of the statement is supported by the fact that commodity money had been practically displaced in advanced economies by the beginning of the XX century. The 1970-s changeover from Bretton-Woods to Jamaica system of currency payments marked the end of commodity money era on a global scale. The research of money’s nature and functions development is of special interest due to original presentation by the author of such globally acute problems as USA persistent deficit of trade balance and federal budget as well as US national debt rise. The author has presented the trends observed as appropriate for the global industry development. He has also advanced the idea of a new approach towards economy globalization to make the process controllable.
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Blythe-Mallett, Azra, Karl A. Aiken, Iris Segura-Garcia, Nathan K. Truelove, Mona K. Webber, Marcia E. Roye, and Stephen J. Box. "Genetic composition of queen conch (Lobatus gigas) population on Pedro Bank, Jamaica and its use in fisheries management." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): e0245703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245703.

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The queen conch fishery in Jamaica is sustained by Pedro Bank, which is the main harvesting site located approximately 80 km south-west from Kingston. Due to its relative size, Pedro Bank has been subdivided into zones for management purposes by the Fisheries Division and the Veterinary Services Division. Understanding whether these sub-divisions reflect different sub-populations is critical for managing exploitation levels because fisheries management must demonstrate that harvesting does not endanger the future viability of the population as queen conch are on Appendix II of the Convention in Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This determination is essential for the continued export to international markets such as the European Union. Two hundred and eight samples were collected across the entire Pedro Bank and were genetically characterized using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. Population structure analysis forLobatus gigasfrom Pedro Bank yielded low but significant values (FST= 0.009: p = 0.006) and suggested a high magnitude of gene flow indicative of a fit and viable population throughout the bank. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated a 100% variation within individual samples with little variation (0.9%) between populations. In contrast pairwise genetic comparisons identified significant differences between populations located to the south eastern and eastern region of the bank to those in the central and western locations. Bayesian clustering analysis also indicated the likelihood of two population sub-divisions (K = 2) on Pedro Bank. The results provided evidence of a weak but significant population structure which has crucial implications for the fishing industry as it suggests the use of ecosystem based management (EBM) in setting quotas to promote sustainable harvesting ofL.gigaswithin each monitoring zone on Pedro Bank.
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Campbell, Sherona Tasheka. "The dynamics of handcart as a means of informal transportation in support of logistics and tourism." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 12, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-10-2019-0067.

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Purpose The use of technology has remained a staple in modern day industry because it creates an enabling environment, which promotes innovation that has propelled globalization. Maritime and tourism are two such critical sectors that have benefited from such technology and stand to benefit more in light of the fourth industrial revolution. The handcart has been used by humans for centuries as a mode of transportation. It has remained relevant to this day, more so a positive contributor to public market experience in developing countries. Notwithstanding, this phenomenon remained largely under-explored and informal with little to no integration in the planning of public markets or market districts. As such, little study or research exists to inform policies to improve and integrate the handcart profession in the overall planning and rejuvenation of downtown Kingston, Jamaica. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand the characteristics and benefits of the handcart logistics by investigating the socioeconomic and spatial dynamics surrounding the operations of this mode of transportation. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to completely grasp the complexity of factors that influence and sustain the handcart trade within the coronation market as well as its contribution to Jamaica’s economy. Collection of data was achieved via the administration of questionnaires supported by observations and interviews. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used along with satellite images to integrate spatial representations in the analysis and discussions of results. Findings Consistent with the reviewed literature, the results and analyses revealed that, despite the handcart’s informality and inadequate infrastructural support, handcarts are generally perceived as beneficial to market districts. They fill the transportation gaps where formal governance operations failed and contribute to the local economy by providing employment for low-skilled persons. The handcart industry has been sustained because of the need for the service by mostly vendors and shoppers but more so because of the economic benefits that have been accrued by builders, owners and operators. Research limitations/implications The research focused on handcarts used to convey goods and not carts used as mobile vending carts. In addition, the geographical scope of the research is restricted to the Coronation Market in Kingston. Obtaining knowledge about the sector poses a challenge because some or all aspects of informal activity are not recorded. Various opportunities exist for the improvement of handcarts. As such, they must be incorporated in any future transportation improvement plans in the city of Kingston, Jamaica. Practical implications Despite the attempts to regularize the handcart phenomenon in the downtown Kingston market district, the handcart operators are still not incorporated in various plans and improvement initiatives. Notwithstanding, the benefits to the transportation gap and local economy warrants the need to pay keen attention to this phenomenon and promote regularization. With the introduction of Kingston as a UNESCO Creative City in 2016 and the advent of Airbnb, the potential exists for exponential growth in cultural and community tourism in downtown Kingston. The use of the handcart can therefore be leveraged and integrated in the tourism package to facilitate the movement of tourist luggage from bus terminals and parking lots to their destination in the downtown communities. Originality/value The handcart system is a prominent feature of market districts in Jamaica and, as such, this research bears high levels of significance because it can be replicated or used as a basis to inform handcart policies and the design to improve logistics in any tourism destination. The research serves as a body of knowledge to “all and sundry” because it unearthed some of the handcart’s attributes and contribution to the local economy, can contribute to adequate layout of Market districts by government to incorporate the handcart system, facilitate their integration in cultural and community tourism and facilitate the handcart trade being viewed by society as a profession. At the advent of this Fourth Industrial Revolution, an upgraded design of the handcart may appear.
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Maguire, John F., and Leslie V. Woodcock. "Thermodynamics of Tower-Block Infernos: Effects of Water on Aluminum Fires." Entropy 22, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010014.

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We review the thermodynamics of combustion reactions involved in aluminum fires in the light of the spate of recent high-profile tower-block disasters, such as the Grenfell fire in London 2017, the Dubai fires between 2010 and 2016, and the fires and explosions that resulted in the 9/11 collapse of the World Trade Center twin towers in New York. These fires are class B, i.e., burning metallic materials, yet water was applied in all cases as an extinguisher. Here, we highlight the scientific thermochemical reasons why water should never be used on aluminum fires, not least because a mixture of aluminum and water is a highly exothermic fuel. When the plastic materials initially catch fire and burn with limited oxygen (O2 in air) to carbon (C), which is seen as an aerosol (black smoke) and black residue, the heat of the reaction melts the aluminum (Al) and increases its fluidity and volatility. Hence, this process also increases its reactivity, whence it rapidly reacts with the carbon product of polymer combustion to form aluminum carbide (Al4C3). The heat of formation of Al4Cl3 is so great that it becomes white-hot sparks that are similar to fireworks. At very high temperatures, both molten Al and Al4C3 aerosol react violently with water to give alumina fine dust aerosol (Al2O3) + hydrogen (H2) gas and methane (CH4) gas, respectively, with white smoke and residues. These highly inflammable gases, with low spontaneous combustion temperatures, instantaneously react with the oxygen in the air, accelerating the fire out of control. Adding water to an aluminum fire is similar to adding “rocket fuel” to the existing flames. A CO2–foam/powder extinguisher, as deployed in the aircraft industry against aluminum and plastic fires by smothering, is required to contain aluminum fires at an early stage. Automatic sprinkler extinguisher systems should not be installed in tower blocks that are at risk of aluminum fires.
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Silaban, Freddy Artadima, Setiyo Budiyanto, and Lukman Medriavin Silalahi. "Design of a conductive material detection system." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v9i4.pp292-299.

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The development of technology and industry development in the 4.0 era is very fast along with these developments in the control of production results such as medicine, food, and safety must be faster and more accurate. To face free trade and global economic competition, every company is required to produce products that have good quality by the standards. By using an experimental method which is the development of this study aims to make a conductive material detector (metal detector) for the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, and security as compared to using conductive material sensors that are integrated with the Arduino microcontroller. Application testing is carried out to find out whether the Blynk application on an android smartphone with Blynk on a Debian server that has been made previously runs well or not and the alarm system testing uses a buzzer and LED to detect conductive material passing through. Conductive sensor test results showed that the instrument can detect 6 conductivity materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, steel, zinc, copper, and tin. The average response time to detect conductive material is 3 seconds, the average ADC value of the conductive material is 0.55. The test results also successfully send information and data to the Blynk application so that it can be monitored online.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aluminum industry and trade – Jamaica"

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Masbruch, Thomas Allen. "Changing patterns of investment in the world aluminum industry under free trade." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186150.

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This dynamic study of investment under uncertainty reveals that conventional analyses of aluminum industry patterns of trade and investment may be based on industrial policy rather than competitive advantages. The study results confirm the hypothesis that, with competition and free trade, U.S. aluminum smelting investment (and capacity) does not decrease, rather it increases as capacity is lost by Pacific Basin (PB) and European (EUR) suppliers, both presently protected with high tariffs. Using a competitive market approach and rational expectations, firms are considered as taking current market prices and acting as if current output and investment decisions will not affect current or future prices. Fixed production proportions of input to output are assumed for all production stages, for efficient-sized plants. Dynamic elements are captured through frictions in adjustment of smelting capacity that restrict the capacity that can be added in a single period. Investment is irreversible except by depreciation. In the resultant expectations framework, supply and demand are not always in sync and random shifts in investment occur across different regions. Rational expectations allows equivalence between a competitive equilibrium and welfare optimization under uncertainty. The study here solves the simpler but equivalent welfare maximization problem. The pattern of investment under free trade shows that, though the Latin American (LA) and (PB) smelting regions have absolute advantages in smelter power costs (typically assumed the determining factor for new investment), total aluminum production costs (including bauxite and alumina) in the eastern U.S. and western North America (US-E and NA-W) are sufficiently below those of (EUR) and PB to maintain the former's competitive advantages. Using World Bank aluminum demand growth rates, US-E capacity increases by 28 percent and NA-W by 49 percent as EUR capacity falls by 22 percent and PB by 32 percent for the year 2010. The results differ markedly from conventional forecasts which have predicted declines in North American investment, inferring that barriers to free trade may be distorting investment patterns.
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McBrien, Dominic Martin. "Reducing energy use by integration of the steel and aluminium supply chains." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708386.

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Larrue, Jacques. "Fria en Guinée : première usine d'alumine en terre d'Afrique /." Paris : Éd. Karthala, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366959552.

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Saoudi, Abdelhamid. "Effet du taux de refroidissement, de la surchauffe et d'un mélange des métaux terres rares (mischmetal) sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques des alliages aluminium silicium de type 319.2 /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Barker, David W. "Machine Tool Spare Parts Provisioning for Manufacturers: A Study and Application for Industries Engaged in Aluminum Cutting and Shaping." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331260/.

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This study identifies the concepts of reliability, cost of downtime, cost of spare parts, and procurement lead time as the four key moderators of spare parts availability. These concepts are used to establish a model to manage spare parts inventories. Reliability was assessed in terms of developing failure predictions for major component categories. Cost of downtime was evaluated by identifying various methods for determining costs associated with downtime. Cost of spare parts was examined to find correlations with economic indicators. These correlations were used to predict future price movements. Yearly changes in lead time were identified and correlated with economic indexes to develop movement predictability.
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Boivin, Alain. "Étude expérimentale sur le compactage de la boue rouge dans un décanteur semi-industriel /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : [Rimouski : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ;. Université du Québec à Rimouski], 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (M.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2003.
Bibliogr.: f. [189-195]. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Pittendrigh, Alistair. "The potential impact of greenhouse gas emissions constraints on the Southern African primary aluminium business." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50666.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Kyoto protocol was signed early in 2005 whereby Annexure 1 industrialised countries committed to reducing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. South Africa signed the Protocol. however being a developing country it has no GHG emissions reduction target for the first commitment period until 2012. Primary aluminium is a GHG intensive global commodity to which Southem Africa contributes significantly. This dissertation aims to investigate how the profitability of the Southern African primary aluminium sector may be affected by Kyoto Protocol GHG restrictions even though the smelters are situated in non-Annexure 1 countries. A Delphi-type survey is conducted to gather opinions on identified pressures and drivers that could affect the industry. The survey respondents indicate that the greatest impact will occur from internal pressures from holding companies. Further pressure will originate from external sources namely government, Non Governmental Organisations, shareholders and investors. Direct manufacturing costs are not expected to increase as a result of the Protocol. Rather. industry changes are expected to be the result of internal and external pressures. Opportunities for Clean Development Mechanism (COM) projects are rated as highly importance and are strongly recommended. Various strategies are identified and presented in a matrix to compare the effect of each on the various identified pressures and drivers. From the matrix it is observed that the majority of the selected strategies have a profound impact on the internal and external pressures. From this research report it is recommended that a cooperative proactive strategy be followed . focusing initially on low cost GHG emissions reduction projects and rigorously pursuing COM projects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Kyoto Protokol, waardeur Anneks 1 geindustraliseerde lande hul daartoe verbind het om hul kweekhuis gas (GHG) emissies te verminder, is vroeg in 2005 onderteken. Suidelike Afrika het die Protokol onderteken, maar weens sy status as ontwikkelende land, het dit geen GHG emissieverminderingsdoelwit vir die eerste verpligtingsfase tot en met 2012 nie. Primere aluminium is 'n GHG intensiewe globale kommoditeit waartoe Suidelike Afrika 'n groot bydrae lewer. Hierdie tesis poog om ondersoek in te stel na die impak van Protokol GHG beperkings op die winsgewendheid van die Suidelike Afrika primere aluminium sektor, ten spyle daarvan dat die smelters in nie-Annex 1 lande gelee is. 'n Delphi-tipe opname was geloods om opinies in te win oor geidentifiseerde drukpunte en drywers wat 'n impak kon he op die industrie. Die respondente het aangedui dat die grootste impak sal kom van interne druk van beheermaatskappye. Addisionele druk sal afkomstig wees van eksteme bronne soos die regering, Nie-regerings organisasies (NGO's), aandeelhouers en beleggers. Daar word nie verwag dat die direkte vervaardigingskoste sal eskaleer as gevolg van die Protokol nie. Daar word eerder verwag dat veranderinge in die industrie die gevolg sal wees van interne en eksterne druk. Geleenthede vir skoon-ontwikkelings meganisme (COM) projekte is geweldig belangrik en word sterk aanbeveel. Verskeie strategiee word geidentifiseer en voorgele in 'n matriks om sodoende 'n vergelyking te tref tussen die effek wat elk het op die onderskeie drukpunte en drywers. Uit die matriks kan afgelei word dat die meerderheid strategiee 'n diepgaande invloed het op die inteme en eksterne drukpunte. Hierdie navorsingsverslag beveel aan dat 'n samewerkende proaktiewe strategie gevolg word, wat aanvanklik sal fokus op lae-koste GHG emissieverminderingsprojekte, asook die nougesette najaag van CDM projekte.
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Bang-Jensen, Lars. "State, industry, and the character of consensus government intervention in the primary aluminum industry in the United States and Japan /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20687070.html.

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Tilton, Mark Campbell. "Trade associations in Japan's declining industries informal policy-making and state strategic goals /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26148741.html.

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Rajan, Mahesh N. "The institutional embeddedness of corporate strategies in declining industries capacity adjustment strategies in structurally depressed industries in Japan /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33026411.html.

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Books on the topic "Aluminum industry and trade – Jamaica"

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Davis, Carlton E. Jamaica in the world aluminium industry. Kingston, Jamaica: Jamaica Bauxite Institute, 1989.

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Davis, Carlton E. The Jamaican bauxite industry: Present situation and prospects. Mona, Jamaica: Dept. of Economics, University of the West Indies, 1985.

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Berkaak, Odd Are. Resettlement and dislocation of small farmers in the Mocho Mountains, Jamaica. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute, 1985.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Aluminum smelting. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Aluminum smelting. [Ottawa]: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Aluminum smelting. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1993.

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Walker, Kate. Aluminum. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2004.

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International Iron and Steel Institute. Committee on Economic Studies. Aluminum: An industry profile. Brussels, Belgium: The Institute, 1993.

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Kennedy, James S. Energy and the primary aluminum industry. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 1985.

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Moberly, John W. The worldwide outlook for aluminum. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, Business Intelligence Program, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aluminum industry and trade – Jamaica"

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Burrell, Dorlan. "The Decline of Preferential Markets and the Sugar Industry: A Case Study of Trade Liberalization in Central Jamaica." In Globalization, Agriculture and Food in the Caribbean, 103–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53837-6_5.

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"3. The Aluminum Industry." In Restrained Trade, 50–79. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501717512-006.

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Clayton, Anthony, K’adamwe K’nIfe, and Andrew Spencer. "Evaluating the Impact of Changes in International Trade Policy on the Sugar Industry of Jamaica: An Integrated Assessment Approach." In Towards epistemic sovereignty: (Re)-thinking development in a changing global Political Economy., 47–58. WASD, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.47556/b.outlook2010.8.5.

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Majid, D. L., Nor Hafizah Manan, and Yee Ling Chok. "Honeycomb Composite Structures of Aluminum: Aerospace Applications." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000279.

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A honeycomb composite structure is usually composed of a lightweight hexagonal core sandwiched between two thin face sheets that are adhesively joined. Both the core and the face sheets can be combinations of many types of materials depending on the application. In this article, an overview of the design and manufacturing process of aluminum honeycomb composite structures particularly for aerospace application is presented. Aluminum honeycomb composite structures are lightweight constructions with high specific strength and stiffness that are applied mainly in the aerospace industry. An aluminum honeycomb panel is typically made up of the secondary structural components and interiors of an aircraft such as the wing skin, trailing edge, control surface, flooring, partitions, aircraft galleys, and overhead bins, to name a few. Other applications are in the spacecraft, helicopter, missile, and satellite. Owing to its honeycomb design peculiar to the hexagonal beehives, it can reach more than 30 times higher in stiffness and 10 times higher in flexural strength compared to its solid counterpart of the same weight. The mechanical properties of the honeycomb composite structure hinge on the materials of the core and face sheets, the core geometries, and the thickness of the face sheets. Designed for superior flexural and shear loading, the selection of the optimal honeycomb design will depend on the application requirements. The principal design criterion of a sandwich structure in aerospace applications is weight saving, and there is a trade-off between performance and cost. In terms of manufacturing of the honeycomb composite sandwich structure, the two main processes are the expansion process commonly used for low-density cores and the corrugation process for higher density cores.
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Conference papers on the topic "Aluminum industry and trade – Jamaica"

1

Lall, Pradeep, Shantanu Deshpande, and Luu Nguyen. "High Temperature Storage and HAST Reliability of Copper-Aluminum Wirebond Interconnects." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39524.

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Gold wire bonding has been widely used as first-level interconnect in semiconductor packaging. The increase in the gold price has motivated the industry search for alternative to the gold wire used in wire bonding and the transition to copper wire bonding technology. Potential advantages of transition to Cu-Al wire bond system includes low cost of copper wire, lower thermal resistivity, lower electrical resistivity, higher deformation strength, damage during ultrasonic squeeze, and stability compared to gold wire. However, the transition to the copper wire brings along some trade-offs including poor corrosion resistance, narrow process window, higher hardness, and potential for cratering. Formation of excessive Cu-Al intermetallics may increase electrical resistance and reduce the mechanical bonding strength. Current state-of-art for studying the Cu-Al system focuses on accumulation of statistically significant number of failures under accelerated testing. In this paper, a new approach has been developed to identify the occurrence of impending apparently-random defect fall-outs and pre-mature failures observed in the Cu-Al wirebond system. The use of intermetallic thickness, composition and corrosion as a leading indicator of failure for assessment of remaining useful life for Cu-al wirebond interconnects has been studied under exposure to high temperature and temperature-humidity. Damage in wire bonds has been studied using x-ray Micro-CT. Microstructure evolution was studied under isothermal aging conditions of 150°C, 175°C, and 200°C till failure. Activation energy was calculated using growth rate of intermetallic at different temperatures. Effect of temperature and humidity on Cu-Al wirebond system was studied using Parr Bomb technique at different elevated temperature and humidity conditions (110°C/ 100%RH, 120°C/ 100%RH, 130°C/ 100%RH) and failure mechanism was developed. The present methodology uses evolution of the IMC thickness, composition in conjunction with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to identify accrued damage in wire bond subjected to thermal aging. The proposed method can be used for quick assessment of Cu-Al parts to ensure manufactured part consistency through sampling.
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2

Lall, Pradeep, Shantanu Deshpande, and Luu Nguyen. "Copper, Silver, and PCC Wirebonds Reliability in Automotive Underhood Environments." In ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2018-8358.

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Wire bonding is popular first-level interconnect method used in the semiconductor device packaging. Gold (Ag) wire is often used in high-reliability applications. Typical wire diameters vary between 0.8mil to 2mil. Recent increases in the gold-price have motivated the industry to search for alternate materials candidates for use in wirebonding. Three of the leading candidates are Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), and Palladium Coated Copper (PCC). The new material candidates are inexpensive in comparison with gold and may have better electrical, and thermal properties, which is advantageous for fine pitch-high density electronics. The transition, however, comes along with few trade-offs such as narrow process window, higher wire-hardness, increased propensity for chip-cratering, lack of reliability knowledge base of when deployed in harsh environment applications. Relationship between mechanical degradation of the wirebond and the change in electric response needs to be established for better understanding of the failure modes and their respective mechanisms. Understanding the physics of damage progression may provide insights into the process parameters for manufacture of more robust interconnects. In this paper, a detailed study of the electrical and mechanical degradation of wirebonds under high temperature exposure is presented. Four wirebond candidates (Au, Ag, Cu and PCC) bonded onto Aluminum (Al) pad were subjected to high temperature storage life until failure to study the degradation of the bond-wire interface. Same package architecture and electronic molding compound (EMC) were used for all four candidates. Detailed analysis of intermetallic (IMC) phase evolution is presented along with quantification of the phases and their evolution over time. Ball shear strength was measured after decapsulation. Measurements of shear strength, shear failure modes, and IMC composition have been correlated with the change in the electrical response. Change in shear strength and different shear failure modes for different wirebond systems are discussed in the paper.
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