Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aluminum oxide coating

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Aluminum oxide coating'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aluminum oxide coating"

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Filip, Ryszard, Maryana Zagula-Yavorska, Maciej Pytel, Jolanta Romanowska, Mateusz Maliniak, and Jan Sieniawski. "The Oxidation Resistance of Nonmodified and Zr-Modified Aluminide Coatings Deposited by the CVD Method." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.361.

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The aim of the present work was to determine the influence of chemical composition of the protective coating on the oxidation resistance of the protected alloy. Zirconium modified and nonmodified aluminide coatings were deposited on the MAR M200 nickel superalloy by the CVD method. The oxidation tests were conducted at 1100°C into 23 hour in the air. The chemical composition (EDS) analysis was performed. The kinetic of oxidation of zirconium modified and nonmodified aluminide coatings was similar. Oxides inclusions called pegs were observed on the surface of oxidized aluminide coating. HfO2 oxide is more stable than Al2O3 oxide, hafnium atoms can replace aluminum atoms in Al2O3 oxides. This phenomena let to stabilize NiAl phase and increase of oxidation resistance of aluminide coating.
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Yu, Mei, Wu Jiang, Jian Hua Liu, and Song Mei Li. "Black Anodized Thermal Control Coating on LY12 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2166.

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The black thermal control coatings were prepared by etching anodic oxide film and coloring with an organic ATT dyestuff on the LY12 aluminum alloy. The anodic oxide film on aluminum alloy was formulated in 20% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid in galvanostatic conditions. The microstructure of the anodized coating was studied by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Open circuit potential (OCP) was applied to study the etching of porous oxide layers in the immerging acid solution. The influence of coloring on the optical properties of the coating was investigated. Results showed that the solar absorptance and infrared emittance increased by increasing coloring times.
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Wen, Yu Qing, Hui Min Meng, Wei Shang, and Xiu Juan Jiang. "Electrochemical Characteristics of the Rare Earth Compound Coating on 6061 Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2361.

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The composite coatings were prepared on aluminum alloy by anodizing and chemical conversion method. The coatings consisted of a anodic oxide coating and a rare earth conversion coating. The surface morphology and composition of the composite coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). The electrochemical properties of the different samples were researched by Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5-wt.% NaCl solution. The results showed that corrosion current density of the sample with composite coatings was 3.611×10-9 A·cm-2, impedance was 6.107×105 Ω·cm-2. The composite coatings had better corrosion resistance than the sample with anodic oxide film and the aluminum alloy substrate.
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Chan, K. S., N. S. Cheruvu, and G. R. Leverant. "Coating Life Prediction Under Cyclic Oxidation Conditions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818189.

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The hot gas path section components of land based turbines require materials with superior mechanical properties and good hot corrosion and oxidation resistance. These components are generally coated with either a diffusion coating (aluminide or platinum aluminide) or with an overlay coating (MCrAlY) to provide additional hot corrosion and/or oxidation protection. These coatings degrade due to inward and outward diffusion of elements during service. Outward diffusion of aluminum results in formation of a protective oxide layer on the surface. When the protective oxide spalls, Aluminum in the coating diffuses out to reform the oxide layer. Accelerated oxidation and failure of coating occur when the Al content in the coating is insufficient to reform a continuous alumina film. This paper describes development of a coating life predictions model that accounts for both oxidation and oxide spallation under thermal mechanical loading as well as diffusion of elements that dictate the end of useful life. Cyclic oxidation data for aluminide and platinum aluminide coatings were generated to determine model constants. Applications of this model for predicting cyclic oxidation life of coated materials are demonstrated. Work is underway to develop additional material data and to qualify the model for determining actual blade and vane coating refurbishment intervals.
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Lukauskaitė, Raimonda, Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis, and Olegas Černašėjus. "Investigation of Cathodic Cleaning Processes of Aluminum Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.684.

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On covering aluminum and its alloys with coatings resistant to high-temperature corrosion and attrition, abundant technological problems arise. The key problem is a removal of the film of aluminum oxide Аl2O3 from the aluminum substrate. This permanent, chemically continuous film of oxide reduces adhesion between the substrate and the coating. For improving cohesion of the coating with the substrate, an appropriate pre-treatment of aluminum is required. In the paper, cleaning of aluminum alloy AW 5754 by electric discharge is investigated. This method is considered one of most environmentally friendly methods of surface cleaning. The impact of the parameters of aluminum alloy cathodic cleaning on the surface cleaning width, its roughness and free energy of the surface were examined. In addition, the topography, microstructure and chemical composition of the surface of cleaned aluminum alloy were estimated.
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Monteiro, Sergio Neves, Fabio de Oliveira Braga, Flavio James Tommasini, Artur Camposo Pereira, Andre Ben Hur da Silva Figueiredo, and Fernanda Santos da Luz. "Selective Copper Oxide Coating on Aluminum Panels for Solar Heating Absorption." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.619.

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The efficiency of heating absorption of aluminum sheets coated with copper oxide, CuO, was evaluated in solar panels. Coatings were produced by means of two techniques: vacuum metallic deposition and copper nitrate vaporization onto a pre-heated aluminum sheet. The optical and thermal efficiency of the coatings were evaluated through measurements of the spectral reflectance and surface temperature. The nature of the coating layer was investigated by macro examination. It was found that vacuum deposition presented superior optical efficiency and better adherence. By contrast, coatings produced from vapor are more uniform with higher concentration of CuO.
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Shmorgun, V. G., A. I. Bogdanov, O. V. Slautin, and V. P. Kulevich. "PHASE COMPOSITION OF OXIDE FILMS FORMED ON THE SURFACE OF THE FE-CR-AL SYSTEM COATINGS." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 6(241) (June 29, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-6-241-14-18.

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The phase composition of the oxide films on the surface of the Fe-Cr-Al system coatings is studied using glancing angle X-ray diffraction. It is shown that at 900 °С the formed oxide films consist of αAlO and (FeCr)O, to which FeAlO oxide is added during long-term exposure. An increase in temperature to 1100 °C intensifies the growth of oxide films, and an increase in the aluminum content ensures a stable growth of αAlO and FeAlO oxides. When the aluminum content in the coating is more than 10 at. % at large exposure times, metastable alumina δAlO is formed, the formation of which is associated with a decrease in the concentration of chromium in thin surface layers.
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Cao, Mei, Zhong Cheng Guo, Xia Cui, and Su Qiong He. "The Study on the Surface Morphology of Al/SnO2-Sb2O3 or SnO2-Sb2O3-MnO2/PbO2 Electrode Material." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1805.

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SnO2–Sb2O3 or SnO2-Sb2O3-MnO2/ PbO2 electrode on aluminum substrate were prepared by thermal decomposition、electroless plating and electrodeposition .The surface morphology of coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show the effects of composition of solution and thermal oxidation temperature on the microstructures of the coating were considerable. The structure of oxide coating become refined with the thermal de- composition temperature increasing. The oxide coating without Mn is coarser than those with Mn. The surface of α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 deposited on the oxide coatings without Mn prepared at 450°C are compact and even, the electrocatalyst of the electrode is optimumest.
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Malinina, G. A., V. S. Denisova, St S. Solntsev, and M. L. Vaganova. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF OXIDE ADDITIVES ON THE PROPERTIES OF HEAT-RESISTANT GLASS-CRYSTAL COATING." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 5 (2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-5-87-95.

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Experimental compositions of coatings based on SiO2–Al2O3–MgO matrix glass and modifying additives are considered. A number of refractory metal oxides were selected as modifying additives. The influence of these additives on the properties of the coating melt, such as the spreadability and the wetting edge angle, as well as the oxidability of the resulting compositions, is studied. It was found that the experimental coating modified with aluminum oxide has the best protective properties. The introduction of modifying additives in quantities of more than 5 % is considered inappropriate.
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Vaidya, K. J., and L. F. Francis. "Processing of calcium metaphosphate-based glass-ceramic coatings on alumina." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0013.

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Dense, crystalline, glass-ceramic coatings containing calcium metaphosphate and aluminum phosphate were prepared on aluminum oxide substrates by a three-step method. The processing involved glass (40 mol% CaO, 10 mol% Al2O3, 50 mol% P2O5) formation, deposition of a glass particle coating, and heat treatment to sinter the glass and crystallize the phosphates. Sintering and microstructure evolution were influenced by wet coating thickness, heat-treatment temperature, time, and heating rate. Heat treatment for 1 h at 725 °C using a 50 °C/min heating rate was found to give a dense, crack-free coating. The resultant coating microstructure has spherulitic morphology (0.3 μm size) with aluminum phosphate in the center of the spherulite. The hardness of the fully crystallized glass-ceramic coating was ∼5.2 GPa.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aluminum oxide coating"

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Lee, Hyungjin. "Probing Water at the Coating/Aluminum Oxide Interface." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396545694.

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Karlsson, Marjam. "Nano-porous Alumina, a Potential Bone Implant Coating." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4452.

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Mertens, Jeremy. "Atmospheric plasma treatment of aluminum alloy surfaces: Oxide growth and oxygen rich organic coating deposition." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/287803/3/these.pdf.

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L’objectif de cette thèse consiste en une étude fondamentale de différentes approches pour la modification de surfaces d’alliages d’aluminium. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet FLYCOAT, subventionné par la région Wallonne. Ce dernier avait pour objectif le développement d’alternatives au couplage classique d’un procédé d’anodisation utilisant des bains de Cr (VI) aux résines époxy pour la protection des alliages d’aluminium contre la corrosion. Dans un premier temps, la synthèse par plasma atmosphérique dans un réacteur de type décharge à barrière diélectrique (DBD) de films riches en groupements carboxyliques à partir de 8 précurseurs organiques est étudiée. Une attention particulière est portée à la compréhension fondamentale des mécanismes de polymérisation de ces précurseurs. L’influence significative de minimes variations de la structure chimique du précurseur est étudiée. Concrètement, nous démontrons l’impact de la présence et de la position de doubles liaisons ou encore le ratio C/O dans le monomère injecté sur le mécanisme de synthèse des couches déposées. Pour ce faire, une méthodologie combinant des analyses de la phase plasma et des films déposés est proposée. Les propriétés électriques de la DBD d’argon sont évaluées par oscilloscope avant et durant l’injection des différents précurseurs. La quantité d’énergie transférée de la décharge vers le précurseur est évaluée par spectroscopie d’émission optique et corrélée à sa structure. Une fragmentation réduite est mise en évidence par spectrométrie de masse pour les monomères contenant une double liaison. Ces analyses de la phase plasma sont alors corrélées avec les propriétés physiques et chimiques des films synthétisés. Les compositions chimiques de surface et de la matrice des couches minces sont étudiées par spectroscopie à photoélectrons X (XPS) et infrarouge. Le rôle essentiel de la présence et de la position de la double liaison dans la molécule injectée est démontré. Les vitesses de dépôt et la rugosité des films déposés par plasma atmosphérique avec l’injection des 8 précurseurs sont évaluées par profilométrie à stylet. Dans la seconde partie, le couplage de deux méthodes de plasma atmosphérique est proposé pour la synthèse de couches d’alumine aux propriétés adaptables. Le premier traitement consiste en un nombre varié de passages d’une torche plasma opérant dans un régime d’arc. L’effet du nombre de passages sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques du substrat est étudié par XPS, angle de contact, microscopie électronique à balayage et mesures de diffraction à rayons X. Une corrélation est suggérée entre le nombre de passages de la torche et les propriétés électrochimiques du substrat. L’influence de ce premier traitement sur les propriétés de la couche d’oxyde d’aluminium synthétisée par oxydation par plasma électrolytique est mise en évidence. Dans un troisième temps, le plasma pouvant être considéré comme un réservoir d’énergie, une étude de faisabilité est réalisée afin d’évaluer sa potentielle utilisation pour la réticulation d’une résine de type benzoxazine. L’efficacité du traitement par DBD atmosphérique d’argon ou hélium est comparée et discutée.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Pita, Claudio Marcos. "Modeling of oxide bifilms in aluminum castings using the Immersed Element-Free Galerkin method." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03022009-105333.

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Balani, Kantesh. "Role of carbon nanotube dispersion in fracture toughening of plasma sprayed aluminum oxide - carbon nanotube nanocomposite coating." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1380.

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Aluminum oxide (A1203, or alumina) is a conventional ceramic known for applications such as wear resistant coatings, thermal liners, heaters, crucibles, dielectric systems, etc. However applications of A1203 are limited owing to its inherent brittleness. Due to its excellent mechanical properties and bending strength, carbon nanotubes (CNT) is an ideal reinforcement for A1203 matrix to improve its fracture toughness. The role of CNT dispersion in the fracture toughening of the plasma sprayed A1203-CNT nanocomposite coating is discussed in the current work. Pretreatment of powder feedstock is required for dispersing CNTs in the matrix. Four coatings namely spray dried A1203 (A-SD), A1203 blended with 4wt.% CNT (A4C-B), composite spray dried A1203-4wt.% CNT (A4C-SD) and composite spray dried A1203-8wt.% CNT (A8CSD), are synthesized by plasma spraying. Owing to extreme temperatures and velocities involved in the plasma spraying of ceramics, retention of CNTs in the resulting coatings necessitates optimizing plasma processing parameters using an inflight particle diagnostic sensor. A bimodal microstructure was obtained in the matrix that consists of fully melted and resolidified structure and solid state sintered structure. CNTs are retained both in the fully melted region and solid-state sintered regions of processed coatings. Fracture toughness of A-SD, A4C-B, A4C-SD and A8C-SD coatings was 3.22, 3.86, 4.60 and 5.04 MPa m1/2 respectively. This affirms the improvement of fracture toughness from 20 % (in A4C-B coating) to 43% (in A4C-SD coating) when compared to the A-SD coating because of the CNT dispersion. Fracture toughness improvement from 43 % (in A4C-SD) to 57% (in A8C-SD) coating is evinced because of the CNT content. Reinforcement by CNTs is described by its bridging, anchoring, hook formation, impact alignment, fusion with splat, and mesh formation. The A1203/CNT interface is critical in assisting the stress transfer and utilizing excellent mechanical properties of CNTs. Mathematical and computational modeling using ab-initio principle is applied to understand the wetting behavior at the A1203/CNTinterface. Contrasting storage modulus was obtained by nanoindentation (~ 210, 250, 250-350 and 325-420 GPa in A-SD, A4C-B, A4C-SD, and A8C-SD coatings respectively) depicting the toughening associated with CNT content and dispersion.
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Blank, Christa, Veneta Hein, Michael Thieme, Hartmut Worch, Susanne Höhne, and Frank Simon. "Ultrahydrophobe chitosanstabilisierte Composite-Schichten auf Aluminiumwerkstoffen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-108237.

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Selbstreinigende, ultrahydrophobe Oberflächen lassen sich in der Technik vielfältig einsetzen. Das ultrahydrophobe Verhalten beruht einerseits auf einer Rauigkeit im μm-Bereich und andererseits auf der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Oberfläche. Durch den gegebenen Oberflächenaufbau sind derartige Materialien jedoch empfindlich gegen Verschleiß. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schichtverbund bestehend aus Aluminiumoxid und zwei polymeren Komponenten vorgestellt. Die Aluminiumoxidschicht wird auf dem Wege der anodischen Oxidation erzeugt. Dieses seit langem bekannte Verfahren ermöglicht nicht nur die Oxidation der Aluminiumoberfläche, sondern gestattet es, auch, definierte Oberflächenprofile einzustellen. Durch den gezielten Einbau des hochmolekularen Polymers Chitosan in die mikroprofilierte Aluminiumoxidschicht wurde eine mechanische Stabilisierung der Schicht im Sinne eines anorganisch-organischen Composites erreicht. Außerdem dienten die Amino-Seitengruppen des Chitosans als reaktives Interface für die notwendige chemische Hydrophobierung und als Reaktionszentrum für Vernetzungen, wodurch eine weitere mechanische Stabilisierung bewirkt wird. Der Schichtaufbau hat wesentlichen
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Blank, Christa, Veneta Hein, Michael Thieme, Hartmut Worch, Susanne Höhne, and Frank Simon. "Ultrahydrophobe chitosanstabilisierte Composite-Schichten auf Aluminiumwerkstoffen." Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26746.

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Selbstreinigende, ultrahydrophobe Oberflächen lassen sich in der Technik vielfältig einsetzen. Das ultrahydrophobe Verhalten beruht einerseits auf einer Rauigkeit im μm-Bereich und andererseits auf der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Oberfläche. Durch den gegebenen Oberflächenaufbau sind derartige Materialien jedoch empfindlich gegen Verschleiß. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schichtverbund bestehend aus Aluminiumoxid und zwei polymeren Komponenten vorgestellt. Die Aluminiumoxidschicht wird auf dem Wege der anodischen Oxidation erzeugt. Dieses seit langem bekannte Verfahren ermöglicht nicht nur die Oxidation der Aluminiumoberfläche, sondern gestattet es, auch, definierte Oberflächenprofile einzustellen. Durch den gezielten Einbau des hochmolekularen Polymers Chitosan in die mikroprofilierte Aluminiumoxidschicht wurde eine mechanische Stabilisierung der Schicht im Sinne eines anorganisch-organischen Composites erreicht. Außerdem dienten die Amino-Seitengruppen des Chitosans als reaktives Interface für die notwendige chemische Hydrophobierung und als Reaktionszentrum für Vernetzungen, wodurch eine weitere mechanische Stabilisierung bewirkt wird. Der Schichtaufbau hat wesentlichen
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Burgmann, Flame Astra, and f. burgmann@usyd edu au. "Nanostructured Multilayer Coatings of Aluminium and Aluminium Oxide with Tungsten." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080424.135857.

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The development of nanostructured coatings which exhibit enhanced mechanical properties is currently of interest due to the importance of high performance coatings in a large range of applications. Single layer coatings have predominantly been used for these demanding applications, however the promising mechanical properties observed in multilayer coatings has shifted the focus of current research. In particular, there has been reports of the use of alternating materials with opposing mechanical properties, as seen in the abalone shell, which have exhibited hardness and toughness values significantly greater than either of their constituent materials. The main objective of this thesis was to fabricate Al/W nanostructured multilayers and determine if they exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. The Al/W nanostructured multilayers were fabricated using two different deposition techniques: pulsed magnetron sputtering and cathodic arc deposition. These two techniques differ in the energy of the depositing species and this results in significant differences in film properties. The indentation hardness of the coatings was measured using a Hysitron Nanoindenter. The relationship between the mechanical properties and microstructure was obtained using a range of characterisation techniques. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to determine the chemical composition and stoichiometry, while cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) were used to explore the microstructure. The findings of this thesis showed very different results for the two deposition techniques. Although sputtering successfully produced well defined multilayers, no evidence of enhanced hardness was found for periods between 5 and 200 nm. On the other hand, arc deposited samples with intended periods between 1 and 200 nm showed a hardness enhancement above that of pure W, however the samples of highest hardness did not contain Al layers for much of their thickness. Arc deposited samples with the finest nominal periods (1 and 2 nm) contained W-Al intermetallics and were soft. The hardening mechanism was not attributed to a multilayer structure, rather to the introduction of defects in the W layers which acted as pinning sites for dislocations. A modified Hall-Petch equation for hardness enhancement fitted the data for W films prepared by pulsed cathodic arc in which the grain diameter was replaced by the nominal multilayer period. The difficulty producing Al layers on W surfaces in the cathodic arc was overcom e by changing the film growth mechanism by introducing Ar or O2 at the W/Al interface. In the latter case, Al2O3/W multilayers were formed but again showed no hardness enhancements. Complete microanalysis and characterisation of the multilayer structures is vital in determining the mechanisms which govern the hardness enhancements. The evidence in this thesis suggests that the defect density, and not the presence of interfaces are responsible for the hardness enhancement effect.
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Roy, Amit Kumar. "Atomic Layer Deposition onto Fibers." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-85451.

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The main goal of this dissertation was to show that the principle of atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be applied to “endless” fibers. A reactor of atomic layer deposition has been designed, especially for coating depositions onto meter long bundles of fibers. Aluminum oxide (alumina), titanium oxide (titania), double layers of alumina and titania, as well as aluminium phosphate have been deposited onto bundles of carbon fibers using the home-built reactor. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images indicate that the coatings were uniform and conformal onto fiber surface. There was a good adhesion of the coatings to the fibers. Alumina has been deposited using two separate aluminum sources (aluminum trichloride and trimethylaluminum), and water as a source of oxygen. In case of alumina deposition using aluminum trichloride and water, initial deposition temperature was 500 °C. In these conditions, a part of the fiber bundle has been damaged. Thus, the deposition temperature was decreased to 300 °C and the fibers were unaffected. In addition, during this process hydrochloric acid is formed as a byproduct which is a corrosive substance and affects the reactor and there was a chloride impurity in the coatings. Thus, aluminum trichloride precursor was replaced by trimethylalumium. Alumina deposition onto carbon fibers using trimethylaluminum and water was carried out at a temperature of 77 °C. SEM images revealed that the fibers were unaffected and the coatings were uniform and conformal. Oxidation resistance of the carbon fibers was improved slightly after alumina deposition. Oxidation onset temperature of the uncoated fibers was about 630 °C. The resistance was linearly increased with the coating thickness (up to 660 °C) and getting saturated over a thickness of 120 nm. Titania coatings have been deposited using titanium tetrachloride and water. The physical appearances of the titania coatings were similar to the alumina coatings. The oxidation onset temperature of the titania coated carbon fibers was similar to the uncoated fibers but the rate of oxidation was decreased than the uncoated fibers. Two double layer coatings were deposited, alumina followed by titania (alumina/titania), and titania followed by alumina (titania/alumina). If the fibers were coated with the double layer of alumina/titania, they had almost same oxidation onset as alumina coated fibers but the rate of oxidation was decreased significantly compared to alumina coated fibers. This feature is independent of the thickness of the titania layers, at least in the regime investigated (50 nm alumina followed by 13 nm and 40 nm titania). On the other hand, the oxidation onset temperature of fibers coated with titania/alumina (20 nm titania /30 nm alumina) was approximately 750 °C. The fibers were burned completely when temperature was further increased to 900 °C and held another 60 minutes at 900 °C. This is significantly better than any other coating used in this dissertation. ALD of titania and alumina in principle was known beforehand, this dissertation here applies this knowledge for the first time to endless fibers. Furthermore, this dissertation shows for the first time that one can deposit aluminum phosphate via ALD (planar surface as well as fibers). Aluminum phosphate might be special interest in the fiber coating because it is a rather soft material and thus might be used to obtain a weak coupling between fiber and matrix in composites. Aluminum phosphate was deposited using trimethylaluminum and triethylphosphate as precursors. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed that the coating comprises aluminum phosphate (orthophosphate as well as other stoichiometries). Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that coatings are uniform and conformal. In cases of alumina and titania, it was observed that the coatings were delaminated from the ends of cut fibers and thus formed of clear steps. On the other hand, for aluminum phosphate coating it was observed that the border between coating and underlying fiber often being smeared out and thus formed an irregular line. It seems in case aluminum phosphate cohesion is weaker than adhesion, thus it might be act a weak interface between fiber and matrix. Alumina, titania, and double layer microtubes have been obtained after selective removal of the underlying carbon fibers. The carbon fibers were selectively removed via thermal oxidation in air at temperatures exceeding 550 °C. SEM and TEM images indicate that the inner side of the tube wall has the same morphology like the fibers. In addition, it was observed that the individual microtubes were separated from their neighbors and they had almost uniform wall thicknesses. The longest tubes had a length of 30 cm
Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation bestand darin nachzuweisen, dass die Atomlagenabscheidung (engl. atomic layer deposition (ALD)) auf „endlose“ Fasern angewendet werden kann. Es wurde ein Reaktor zur Atomlagenabscheidung gestaltet, der speziell für die Beschichtung meterlanger Faserbündel geeignet ist. Aluminiumoxid, Titanoxid, Doppelschichten aus Aluminiumoxid und Titanoxid sowie Aluminiumphosphat wurden mit Hilfe des selbstgebauten Reaktors auf Kohlefaserbündel abgeschieden. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische (REM) und transmissionselektronenmikroskopische (TEM) Aufnahmen zeigten, dass die Beschichtung auf den Fasern einheitlich und oberflächentreu war. Des Weiteren wurde eine gute Adhäsion zwischen Beschichtung und Fasern beobachtet. Das Prinzip der Beschichtung mit Titanoxid und Aluminiumoxid mit Hilfe der ALD war bereits vorher bekannt und im Rahmen dieser Dissertation jedoch erstmals auf "endlose" Fasern angewendet. Des Weiteren wird in dieser Dissertation erstmals gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, Aluminiumphosphat mittels ALD abzuscheiden (sowohl auf planaren Oberflächen als auch auf Fasern). Aluminiumphosphat könnte von besonderem Interesse in der Faserbeschichtung sein, da es ein relativ weiches Material ist und könnte daher als eine Art „schwacher“ Verbindung zwischen Faser und Matrix in Kompositen dienen. Die Oxidationsbeständigkeit von beschichten Kohlefasern wurde im Vergleich zu unbeschichteten Fasern bis zu einem gewissen Grad erhöht. Monoschichten von Aluminiumoxid und Titanoxid waren dafür wenig effektiv. Aluminiumphosphatbeschichtete Fasern waren deutlich besser geeignet als die beiden anderen. Eine Doppelschicht aus Titanoxid gefolgt von Aluminiumoxid verbesserte die Oxidationsbeständigkeit nochmals deutlich gegenüber allen anderen Beschichtungen, die in dieser Dissertation verwendet wurden. Mikroröhren aus Aluminiumoxid, Titanoxid und Doppelschichten wurden durch die selektive Entfernung der zugrunde liegenden Kohlefasern erhalten. Einzelne Mikroröhren waren von benachbarten Röhren getrennt und sie weisen eine nahezu einheitliche Wanddicke auf
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Piippo, Juha. "Electrochemical characterization of inorganic coatings : titanium nitride and aluminium oxide coatings characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10309.

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Books on the topic "Aluminum oxide coating"

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Iwaszko, Józef. Kształtowanie struktury i składu fazowego przetapianych powłok tlenkowych ZrO2 i Al2O3. Częstochowa: Wydawn. Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 2008.

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Hüpkes, Jürgen. Untersuchung des reaktiven Sputterprozesses zur Herstellung von aluminiumdotierten Zinkoxide-Schichten für Silizium-Dünnschicht-solarzellen. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Zentralbibliothek, 2006.

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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P, Shapiro A., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Magnesium-aluminum-zirconium oxide amorphous ternary composite: A dense and stable optical coating. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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A, Laskowski J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Tribological evaluation of PS300: A new chrome oxide based solid lubricant coating sliding against A1₂0₃ from 25 to 650⁰C. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Tribological evaluation of PS300: A new chrome oxide based solid lubricant coating sliding against A1₂0₃ from 25 to 650⁰C. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Tribological evaluation of PS300: A new chrome oxide based solid lubricant coating sliding against A1₂0₃ from 25 to 650⁰C. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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A, Banks Bruce, Hunt Jason, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Reactively deposited aluminum oxide and fluoropolymer filled aluminum oxide protective coatings for polymers. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aluminum oxide coating"

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Yang, Suyuan, Lin Zhou, and Xingwang Cheng. "Micro-Arc Oxide Film of Aluminum Coating Pre-Sprayed on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2016, 291–95. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274803.ch57.

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Yang, Suyuan, Lin Zhou, and Xingwang Cheng. "Micro-arc Oxide Film of Aluminum Coating Pre-sprayed on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2016, 291–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48114-2_57.

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Wang, Honglong, Zhizhi Sheng, Emily Tarwater, Xingxing Zhang, Sudip Dasgupta, and Jeffrey W. Fergus. "Degradation of Sm2Zr2O7Thermal Barrier Coating Caused by Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminum-Silicon Oxide (CMAS) Deposition." In Energy Technology 2015, 345–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093220.ch38.

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Wang, Honglong, Zhizhi Sheng, Emily Tarwater, Xingxing Zhang, Sudip Dasgupta, and Jeffrey W. Fergus. "Degradation of Sm2Zr2O7 Thermal Barrier Coating Caused by Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminum-Silicon Oxide (CMAS) Deposition." In Energy Technology 2015, 347–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48220-0_38.

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Qu, C., P. Li, J. Fan, D. Edwards, W. Schulze, G. Wynick, R. E. Miller, et al. "Aluminum Oxide and Silicon Nitride Thin Films as Anti-Corrosion Layers." In Advanced Ceramic Coatings and Interfaces V, 123–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470943960.ch10.

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Kang, Chang Seog, Ik Hyun Oh, Jae Ik Cho, Jae Seol Lee, Hyeon Taek Son, Jung Chan Bae, Young Chan Kim, and Sung Kil Hong. "Manufacturing and Plasma Electrolytic Oxide Coatings on the Thin-Wall Aluminum Notebook PC Case." In Solid State Phenomena, 541–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-25-6.541.

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Imbirovych, Nataliya, Oleksandr Povstyanoy, Olha Zaleta, Sergey Shymchuk, and Olga Priadko. "The Influence of Synthesis Modes on Operational Properties of Oxide Ceramic Coatings on Aluminum Alloys." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 536–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77719-7_53.

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Kobayashi, Akira, G. Shanmugavelayutham, and S. Yano. "Study on Improvement of Oxide Layer and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Alumina in Thermal Barrier Coatings." In Solid State Phenomena, 313–18. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-33-7.313.

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Bashkov, Oleg V., Fegnuan Bao, Xuewei Li, and Tatiana I. Bashkova. "Investigation of the Influence of Electrical Modes on the Morphology and Properties of Oxide Coatings on Aluminum Alloy 1163, Obtained by the Microarc Oxidation." In Current Problems and Ways of Industry Development: Equipment and Technologies, 87–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69421-0_10.

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Deshpande-Purohit, Pritee, Shashikant Vagge, and Bhavana Shrigadi. "Cyclic Oxidation of Combined LTA/YSZ and Alumina Thermal Spray Coatings." In Advanced Surface Coating Techniques for Modern Industrial Applications, 71–87. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4870-7.ch003.

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Thermal barrier coatings protect the substrate from thermal diffusion, oxidation, phase transformations, elastic deformation, plastic deformation, creep deformation, thermal expansion, thermal radiation. It allows parts and components of gas turbines to withstand high temperature upto1650 °C. Cylic oxidation behavior of alumina incorporated, lanthanum titanium aluminum oxide (LaTi2Al9O19), and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), that is LTA/YSZ top ceramic layer coating, was investigated. Two coating combinations, L 100 having top LTA layer thickness of 100 µm and L 150 having top layer of LTA having thickness 150 µm, were tested for thermal cycles at the temperature of 1100°C. The performances of these coatings were compared with conventional YSZ coatings. Microstructure studies, EDX, and XRD analysis demonstrated the formation of mainly LTA, LaAlO3, Al2TiO5, Al2O3, and TiO2 at 1100°C in both coatings. But in L 150 coating, the rate of oxidation was found slower than L 100 coating. Annealed L 150A and L 100A specimens show cyclic oxidation life of 272th and 250th cycles, respectively.
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Conference papers on the topic "Aluminum oxide coating"

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Kireitseu, Maksim, L. Yerakhavets, and Ion Nemerenco. "Fatigue of Aluminum-Alumina-Chrome Carbide Composite Coating." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26090.

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In this paper fatigue and fracture of the Al-Al2O3-CrC, coatings have been investigated by in situ experiments performed in a scanning electron microscope. More importantly, micromechanical models using arrays of internal or surface cracks have been developed. The models provide mechanics of deformation and failure for the coating. The models also reveal the role of overloading in crack arrest, which may well be exploited in the safe design of toughened ceramics against fatigue. Initial overloads prior to cyclic loading are found to reduce significantly the crack driving force in post-overload fatigue crack growth. It expected that pre-service overloading has a great potential for improving the fatigue properties of composite coatings based on oxide ceramics and chrome carbide.
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Chan, Kwal S., N. Sastry Cheruvu, and Gerald R. Leverant. "Coating Life Prediction Under Cyclic Oxidation Conditions." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-389.

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The hot gas path section components of land based turbines require materials with superior mechanical properties and good hot corrosion and oxidation resistance. These components are generally coated with either a diffusion coating (aluminide or platinum aluminide) or with an overlay coating (MCrAlY) to provide additional hot corrosion and/or oxidation protection. These coatings degrade due to inward and outward diffusion of elements during service. Outward diffusion of aluminum results in formation of a protective oxide layer on the surface. When the protective oxide spalls, aluminum in the coating diffuses out to reform the oxide layer. Accelerated oxidation and failure of coating occur when the Al content in the coating is insufficient to reform a continuous alumina film. This paper describes development of a coating life prediction model that accounts for both oxidation and oxide spallation under thermal mechanical loading, as well as diffusion of elements that dictate the end of useful life. Cyclic oxidation data for aluminide and platinum aluminide coatings were generated to determine model constants. Applications of this model for predicting cyclic oxidation life of coated materials are demonstrated. Work is underway to develop additional material data and to qualify the model for determining actual blade and vane coating refurbishment intervals.
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Swindeman, C. J., R. D. Seals, W. P. Murray, M. H. Cooper, and R. L. White. "An Investigation of the Electrical Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Aluminum Oxide." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0793.

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Abstract Electrical properties of plasma-sprayed aluminum oxide coatings were measured at temperatures up to 600 °C. High purity (>99.5 wt% pure Al2O3) alumina powders were plasma-sprayed on stainless steel substrates over a range of power levels, using two gun configurations designed to attain different spray velocities. Key electrical properties were measured to evaluate the resultant coatings as potential insulating materials for electrostatic chucks (ESCs) being developed for semiconductor manufacturing. Electrical resistivity of all coatings was measured under vacuum upon heating and cooling over a temperature range of 20 to 600 °C. Dielectric constants were also measured under the same test conditions. X-ray diffraction was performed to examine phase formation in the coatings. Results show the importance of powder composition and careful selection and control of spray conditions for optimizing electrical behavior in plasma-sprayed aluminum oxide, and point to the need for further studies to characterize the relationship between high temperature electrical properties, measured plasma-spray variables, and specific microstructural and compositional coating features.
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Knuuttila, J., S. Ahmaniemi, E. Leivo, P. Sorsa, P. Vuoristo, and T. Mantyla. "Wet Abrasion and Slurry Erosion Resistance of Sealed Oxide Coatings." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0145.

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Abstract Several recently published studies have shown remarkable improvements in dry abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of aluminum phosphate sealed oxide coatings when compared to unsealed ones. There are numerous applications in chemical industry where a corrosive environment is accompanied with abrasive or erosive particles. In this study the wet abrasion resistance and slurry erosion resistance of aluminum phosphate-sealed and unsealed oxide coatings were studied and compared to their dry abrasion resistance. In wet abrasion tests kaolin and water mixture was used as the abrasive. In slurry erosion tests several abrasives in water with various pH values was used as the erosive medium. The coatings were characterized for microstructure and their wear mechanisms were analyzed using SEM. The results from wear tests are reported and correlated with coating properties. The influence of coating quality to the relative improvement achieved by sealing is presented and discussed.
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Van, Tuan Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ha Pham Thi, Ly Pham Thi, Phuong Nguyen, Thuy Hoang Thi Bich, Trung Trinh Van, Duong Vu, and Quy Le Thu. "Sealing Treatment of Plasma Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3-TiO2 Coating by Aluminum Phosphate Sealant Containing Al2O3 Nanoparticles." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0331.

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Abstract A typical structure of thermal spray coatings consisted of molten particles, semi-molten particles, oxides, pores and cracks. These factors caused the porosity of sprayed coatings, leading to a great influence on the coating properties, especially their wear-corrosion resistance. In this study, a post-spray sealing treatment of Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3-TiO2 plasma sprayed coatings was carried out, then their corrosion properties were evaluated, before and after the treatment. For sealing process, aluminum phosphate (APP) containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (~10 nm) was used. The permeability of APP into the sprayed coating was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The treatment efficiency for porosity and corrosion resistance of sprayed coatings were evaluated by electrochemical measurements, such as the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the wear-corrosion resistance of the sealed coating was examined in 3.5 wt.% NaCl circulation solution containing 0.25 wt.% SiO2 particles. The obtained results showed that APP penetrated deeply through the sprayed coating. The incorporation of Al2O3 nanoparticles into APP sealant enhanced the treatment efficiency of porosity for sprayed coating. The effect of the post-treatment on corrosion protection of the sprayed coating has been discussed.
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Kireitseu, Maksim, Sergey Yerakhavets, and M. Istomin. "Tribomechanical Properties of Self Lubricated Oxide Ceramic Hard Coatings." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26089.

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A lot of researches indicate a great importance of thermal sprayed coatings for wear resistance. However some valuable properties such as self-lubrication ability of thermal sprayed coatings become hesitated some times. This paper revealed tribomechanic properties of hard oxide aluminum ceramic coating and bronze-based thermal flame sprayed coatings in view of self lubrication that take place under insufficient lubrication due to vaporization, localized load etc. In this work, hard oxide ceramic coating and bronze based coatings were investigated. Some of them were impregnated by polyethylene or oil sealant. The test revealed an effect of lubricant temperature on tribological properties of the coatings and its self sealing properties. The tests revealed an effect of porosity, hardness, adhesion and structure on wear rate and coefficient of friction of the coatings. The obtained results demonstrate an optimal load range for the coatings.
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Morana, B., G. Fiorentino, G. Pandraud, J. F. Creemer, and P. M. Sarro. "Ald aluminum oxide as protective coating against oxidation of LPCVD SiC microhotplates." In 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2013.6474284.

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Cheruvu, N. S., K. S. Chan, and G. R. Leverant. "Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of Aluminide, Platinum Modified Aluminide, and MCrAlY Coatings on GTD-111." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-468.

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Cyclic oxidation behavior of aluminide, platinum modified aluminide, and MCrAlY coatings has been investigated at three temperatures. Aluminide and platinum modified coatings were deposited on GTD 111 material using an outward diffusion process. CoCrAlY coating was applied on GTD-111 by Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD). The oxidation behavior of these coatings is characterized by weight change measurements and by the variation of β phase present in the coating. The platinum modified aluminide coating exhibited the highest resistance to oxide scale spallation (weight loss) during cyclic oxidation testing. Metallographic techniques were used to determine the amount of β phase and the aluminum content in a coating as a function of cycles. Cyclic oxidation life of these coatings is discussed in terms of the residual β and aluminum content present in the coating after exposure. These results have been used to calibrate and validate a coating life model (COATLIFE) developed at the Material Center for Combustion Turbines (MCCT).
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McConnell, Jeffrey J., Thomas A. Kircher, and Bruce G. McMordie. "Vapor-Phase Slurry Aluminide Coating for Gas Turbine Components." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68132.

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Diffusion aluminide coatings have long been used to protect gas turbine components made of nickel, steel, and cobalt alloys from oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. The most common method for producing aluminide coatings is to “pack” parts within a powdered mixture of aluminum metal, halide compounds and inert oxide. When this mixture is heated, the halide reacts with the aluminum to form aluminum-rich vapor that migrates to the part and forms protective intermetallic aluminide layers. Similar aluminide coatings can be produced from “vapor-phase” slurries that incorporate aluminum pigments and halide activators. Unlike slurries long used to locally repair pack aluminides via a liquid-phase reaction with molten (or semi-molten) aluminum, the thickness of an aluminide formed from a vapor-phase slurry depends primarily upon the diffusion cycle used, not upon the amount of slurry applied to the surface. By eliminating the need for a powder pack, the vapor-phase slurry reduces thermal mass of the furnace load, increases batch flexibility and simplifies masking. Examples of aluminide coatings that may be produced by this method are presented. It is also shown that the oxidation resistance of an aluminide produced from a vapor-phase slurry is comparable to that of a coating of similar composition formed by pack aluminization. Consequently, the properties and advantages of vapor-phase slurry aluminization make this method an attractive option for coating the entire gas path surfaces of many components.
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Brizuela-Colmenares, Natalia, and Juan Muñoz-Saldaña. "Ni-5wt% Al Coatings Deposited by Twin Wire Arc Spraying for Molten Aluminum Attack Protection." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0700.

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Abstract Nickel-aluminum alloys are widely used in harsh environments due to their corrosion resistance, high melting temperature, and thermal conductivity. In this work, Ni-5wt%Al coatings were deposited by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS) on tool steel using a design of experiments approach to study the effect of process parameters on coating microstructure and performance. Test results presented in the form of process maps show how N2 pressure, stand-off distance, and current affect in-flight particle velocity and temperature as well as coating thickness and oxide content. Using this information, optimized coatings were then deposited on test substrates and subjected, along with uncoated tool steel, to several hours of molten aluminum attack. The coated samples showed no signs of physical or chemical damage, whereas the uncoated substrates experienced oxidation, aluminum infiltration, and formation of Fe-Al intermetallics.
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Reports on the topic "Aluminum oxide coating"

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Author, Not Given. Healing defects in anodic aluminum oxide coatings using sol-gel materials -- A screening study using the product of capacitance and breakdown voltage as a figure of merit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10130058.

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