Journal articles: 'Alveolar crest'

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Cortese, Antonio, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Massimo Amato, Candace M. Howard, Lorenzo Pedicini, and Pier Paolo Claudio. "Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in implants dentistry in combination with new bone regenerative flapless technique: evolution of the technique and final results." Open Medicine 12, no. 1 (March 9, 2017): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2017-0005.

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AbstractMost common techniques for alveolar bone augmentation are guided bone regeneration (GBR) and autologous bone grafting. GBR studies demonstrated long-term reabsorption using heterologous bone graft. A general consensus has been achieved in implant surgery for a minimal amount of 2 mm of healthy bone around the implant.A current height loss of about 3-4 mm will result in proper deeper implant insertion when alveolar bone expansion is not planned because of the dome shape of the alveolar crest. To manage this situation a split crest technique has been proposed for alveolar bone expansion and the implants’ insertion in one stage surgery. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a healing biomaterial with a great potential for bone and soft tissue regeneration without inflammatory reactions, and may be used alone or in combination with bone grafts, promoting hemostasis, bone growth, and maturation.AimThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of PRF combined with a new split crest flapless modified technique in 5 patients vs. 5 control patients.Materials and methodsTen patients with horizontal alveolar crests deficiency were treated in this study, divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (test) of 5 patients treated by the flapless split crest new procedure; Group 2 (control) of 5 patients treated by traditional technique with deeper insertion of smaller implants without split crest. The follow-up was performed with x-ray orthopantomography and intraoral radiographs at T0 (before surgery), T1 (operation time), T2 (3 months) and T3 (6 months) post-operation.ResultsAll cases were successful; there were no problems at surgery and post-operative times. All implants succeeded osteointegration and all patients underwent uneventful prosthetic rehabilitation. Mean height bone loss was 1 mm, measured as bone-implant most coronal contact (Δ-BIC), and occurred at immediate T2 post-operative time (3 months). No alveolar bone height loss was detected at implant insertion time, which was instead identified in the control group because of deeper implant insertion.ConclusionThis modified split crest technique combined with PRF appears to be reliable, safe, and to improve the clinical outcome of patients with horizontal alveolar crests deficiency compared to traditional implanting techniques by avoiding alveolar height-loss related to deeper insertion of smaller implants.

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Troedhan, Angelo, Andreas Kurrek, and Marcel Wainwright. "Vertical alveolar crest split and widening – an experimental study on cow ribs, ultrasonic tool development and test on human cadaver heads." Surgical Techniques Development 2, no. 1 (December 18, 2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/std.2012.e10.

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Vertical alveolar crest splitting and horizontal distraction of narrow alveolar crests is limited when rotating and low frequency oscillating tools are used due to large amounts of procedural bone loss and poor handling provisions. Aim of this study was to determine the safest osteotomy depth and to develop ultrasonic-surgery- tips to enable flapless vertical crest splitting and distraction of narrow alveolar crests of 2 mm or less. The safest osteotomy depth was determined on a cow-rib-model. To enable a flapless crest splitting and widening procedure, prototype-tips for the Piezotome-device were developed and tested against mechanical tools (widening screws and distractors) on cow-ribs, as well as their safe use in the hands of novicesurgeons on human cadaver heads. A minimum vertical osteotomy depth of 7-8 mm revealed the least fracture rates (3%). The use of the ultrasonic distraction tools showed the least risk of procedural failures (2%). Twentythree Piezotome-trainees performed the procedure with the developed tips on fresh full human cadaver skulls with a success rate of 100%. The results of this study suggest that, with the use of ultrasonic surgical devices, the indication for vertical crest-splitting can be narrowed down to a crest width of 2 mm and even less and that it can be performed flapless, thus leaving the physiological bone-periosteum system fully intact.

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Karkus, Justyna. "Periodontitis in 14th–17th century inhabitants of Brześć Kujawski in north-central Poland." Anthropological Review 81, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2018-0037.

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Abstract Manifestations of periodontitis, the destructive form of periodontal disease affecting the alveolar bone, are often clearly recognizable in archaeological human remains. Analysis of this disease allows to obtain data not only about biological condition but also diet and nutrition of past populations. The objective of this paper was to asses periodontitis in the Polish urban population of Brześć Kujawski during Medieval – Modern transition (14th–17th centuries AD). An attempt was also made to explain the relationship between atrophy of alveolar bones and the type of diet. Lowering of alveolar crests was diagnosed based on measurements of the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar crest edge (CEJ– AC) distance and morphology of the alveolar edge. In studied population periodontitis affected 77.1% of individuals and 41.4% of all alveoli. Frequency, intensity and severity of the disease was higher in males and increased with the individual’s age. Severity of alveolar destruction was associated with dental calculus accumulation. It seems that a high prevalence of the disease may be, among others, result of carbohydrate-rich diet and fragmented food. Sex differences could be related to differences in diet (especially in protein intake) and hormone levels or lack of oral hygiene in part of the population.

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Godil, Aamir Zahid, Trupti Jagannath Devadiga, Shraddha Chandrashekhar Supnekar, Arshi Ilyas Kazi, Sanaa Akhlaq Wadwan, and Ramandeep Dugal. "Position of posterior superior alveolar artery in relation to the maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography in Indian sub-population." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 27, no. 3 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2021007.

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Purpose: To assess the location of posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) using CBCT in relevance to sinus lift procedure for implant placement. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the CBCT data of 500 patients (n = 500). Linear measurements were carried out to localize the medio-lateral and vertical position of posterior superior alveolar artery in postero-lateral wall of maxillary sinus and its proximity to the floor of maxillary sinus using CS 3D imaging 3.7.0 software program. The relative position of PSAA was determined as; (a) intra-osseous, (b) below the membrane and (c) outer-cortex of lateral sinus wall. The location of PSAA was assessed in molar region bilaterally by using following radiographic measurement; (1) distance between the lower border of posterior superior alveolar artery and alveolar crest, (2) height from the floor of maxillary sinus to alveolar crest and (3) distance from the posterior superior alveolar artery to medial wall of maxillary sinus. Results: The prevalence of the artery was observed in 99.4% of the sinuses and was mostly intraosseous (84.2%).The mean distance between the lower border of the artery and alveolar crest is significantly higher in males compared to females (P < 0.01). The distribution of artery location did not differ significantly across various age groups (P > 0.05). Discussion/Conclusion: The most common variant of PSAA was identified in the intra-osseous region and the mean distance of the vessel to crest of the residual ridge differs significantly with gender and not with age.

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Mehdizadeh, Mojdeh, Negar Maarefat, and Shervin Bagherieh. "Comparison of Accuracy of determining the Distance between Alveolar Crest and Cementoenamel Junction in Digital Radiography with Scanora and DentalEye Software Programs." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 10 (2016): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1936.

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ABSTRACT Aim To compare the accuracy of determining the distance between alveolar crest and cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in digital radiography with two image processing software programs. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, 63 sites in a dried human mandible underwent digital periapical radiography. The distance from the alveolar crest to the CEJ was calculated using DentalEye and Scanora software programs and compared with the standard mode (measured on the skull). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 at α = 0.05. Results There were significant differences in the distances between CEJ and the alveolar crest at the mesial surfaces as measured by the three techniques in standard mode, using DentalEye and Scanora (p-value ≤0.03) softwares; however, there were no significant differences between the results on distal surfaces (p-value = 0.248). Conclusion Under the limitations of the present study, the measurements made to determine the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest with DentalEye and Scanora, relative to each other, and relative to the standard mode, were accurate only on distal surfaces of teeth. Clinical significance Digital dental software programs are useful assets that can enhance the diagnosing ability and reduce the need of taking extra images. How to cite this article Mehdizadeh M, Maarefat N, Bagherieh S. Comparison of Accuracy of determining the Distance between Alveolar Crest and Cementoenamel Junction in Digital Radiography with Scanora and DentalEye Software Programs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):815-819.

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Garib, Daniela Gamba, Marília Sayako Yatabe, Terumi Okada Ozawa, and Omar Gabriel da Silva Filho. "Alveolar Bone Morphology in Patients with Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate in the Mixed Dentition: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 49, no. 2 (March 2012): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/10-198.

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Objectives To verify the thickness and level of alveolar bone around the teeth adjacent to the cleft by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate prior to bone graft surgery and orthodontic intervention. Method The sample comprised 10 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (five boys and five girls) in the mixed dentition. The mean age was 9.5 years, and all subjects showed a G3 interarch relationship according to the Bauru index. The thickness of alveolar bone surrounding the maxillary incisors and the maxillary canines was measured in CBCT axial section using the software iCAT Xoran System. The distance between the alveolar bone crest and the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) was measured in cross sections. Results The tomography images showed a thin alveolar bone plate around teeth adjacent to clefts. No bone dehiscence was observed in teeth adjacent to clefts during the mixed dentition. A slight increase in the distance between the alveolar bone crest and the CEJ was observed in the mesial and lingual aspects of canines adjacent to cleft. Conclusion In patients with BCLP in the mixed dentition, teeth adjacent to the alveolar cleft are covered by a thin alveolar bone plate. However, the level of alveolar bone crest around these teeth seems to be normal, and no bone dehiscence was identified at this age.

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Kochhar, Anuraj Singh, Maninder Singh Sidhu, Mona Prabhakar, Ritasha Bhasin, Gulsheen Kaur Kochhar, Himanshu Dadlani, and Gianrico Spagnuolo. "Frontal and Axial Evaluation of Craniofacial Morphology in Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography; An Observational Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 24, 2020): 7786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217786.

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The current study was conducted to assess the extent of maxillary arch collapse on the cleft vis-a-vis non-cleft sides in the same individual presenting withunilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty-one children (eighteen boys andthirteen girls) with surgically repaired UCLP, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected. Following the acquisition of CBCT scans, fourteen bilateral landmarks were selected. The distance of the bilateral landmark was calculated from the midsagittal plane on the cleft and non-cleft sides for both frontal and axial views. Tracings were done;the data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis;and intra-observer variability was checked with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and two-way ANOVA. Subsequently, the measurements were subjected to paired t-tests at the 95% level of significance with Bonferroni correction. A significant reduction of pyriforme and an alveolar crest above the maxillary 1st molar were discerned in frontal analysis on the cleft side. In the axial view, the zygomatic arch, malar, porion and alveolar crest at the molar region were non-significant, but the alveolar crest at the premolar region (p < 0.004)) was significantly decreased. In the frontal analysis, pyriforme and the alveolar crest above the maxillary 1st molar, and, in the axial view, premolar widths, showed significant reduction when comparing the cleft vis-a-vis non-cleft sides.

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Laster, Z. "Distraction osteogenesis for alveolar crest widening and heightening." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 38, no. 5 (May 2009): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.040.

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Castro, Luma O., Iury O. Castro, Ana Helena G. de Alencar, José Valladares-Neto, and Carlos Estrela. "Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of distance from cementoenamel junction to alveolar crest before and after nonextraction orthodontic treatment." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 4 (September 17, 2015): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/040815-235.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest before and after orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 30 patients with Angle Class I malocclusion and mild to moderate crowding. The study database comprised dental CBCT scans obtained before and after orthodontic treatment. The distance between the cementoenamel junction to the bone crest of the buccal (n = 720) and lingual (n = 720) surfaces was measured in 24 teeth for each patient using a specific software tool (Xoran version 3.1.62). The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the bone crest increased in 822 (57%) of the 1440 surfaces after orthodontic treatment. The buccal surface of the lower central incisors had the greatest frequency of increased distance (75%), and the lingual surface of lateral incisors had the lowest (40%). The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was greater than 2 mm (alveolar bone dehiscence) in 162 (11%) of the 1440 surfaces before orthodontic treatment and in 279 (19%) after treatment. Conclusions: The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the bone crest changed after orthodontic treatment; the distance was greater than 2 mm in 11% of the surfaces before treatment and in 19% after treatment.

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Teubner, Sabine, Patrick R. Schmidlin, Giorgio Menghini, Thomas Attin, and Stefan Baumgartner. "The Impact of Orthodontic Bands on the Marginal Periodontium of Maxillary First Molars: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Radiographic Analysis." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010312.

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Aim: Available information on the effect of orthodontic treatment on crestal alveolar bone levels measured in radiographs is contradictory. The aim of this study was to compare the alveolar bone level and periodontal ligament space of banded upper first molars to untreated controls. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional radiographic study investigated alveolar bone levels of upper first molars of an orthodontic test group and an untreated control group of comparable age (15-16.25 years), using existing bitewing radiographs. Eighty-six individuals were included in each group. Three parameters were measured mesially and distally on both sides of the patient as follows: I) Alveolar Bone Level (ABL): measured as the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest, II) the Periodontal Ligament Space (PLS): measured as the most coronal distance between the alveolar crest and the tooth surface, and III) angle between the lines (alveolar crests mesial and distal) and (cemento-enamel junction mesial and distal). Results: The mean duration of the orthodontic treatment in the test group was 2.5 years. The periodontal ligament space was statistically significantly wider on mesial areas of right molars (mean 0.2 mm, p<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference found in the three other areas (distal part of the right molar, mesial and distal parts of the left molar). There was a statistically significant mean alveolar bone loss in the right and left mesial areas, respectively accounting for 0.3 mm (p<0.001) and 0.2 mm (p<0.01). No statistically significant alveolar bone loss was measured on the distal surfaces of the upper molars. The angle was wider on both sides for the test group (right p<0.001 and left p<0.05). Conclusions: A significant alveolar bone loss on the mesial tooth surface of upper first molars after orthodontic treatment was found with concurrent different levelling angles in the test group. On all other sites, no statistically significant changes were found. There was some minimal statistical significant alveolar bone loss after finishing treatment in patients who had orthodontic bands placed on their maxillary 1st molars, but no clinical significance was found.

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Cheng, Da-Chuan, Li-Wei Chen, Yen-Wen Shen, and Lih-Jyh Fuh. "Computer-assisted system on mandibular canal detection." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 62, no. 6 (November 27, 2017): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0088.

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AbstractBackground:A dentist always checks a patient by using panoramic radiography (PR) initially. The measurement of the minimal distance (MD) between the alveolar crest and the mandibular canal (MC) superior border is critically important before the dental implant surgery, extraction of 3Objective:A software is needed for training dentists as well as a tool of demonstration to patients in clinics precisely and quickly. Moreover, it should be able to calculate the MD between the alveolar crest and the MC superior border before dental implant.Methods:A computer-aided software system to semi-automatically detect the MC and mental foramen (MF) in the PR with minimal human interference is proposed.Results:The result shows that the averaged relative error (RE) is 1.83% with a standard deviation of 2.31%.Conclusion:The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to detect the MC superior and inferior borders. This system has the potential to train young clinicians and to replace the manual work in measuring the MD between the alveolar crest and the MC superior border with a minimal human intervention.

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Menezes, Carolina Carmo, Guilherme Janson, Camila da Silveira Massaro, Lucas Cambiaghi, and Daniela Gamba Garib. "Precision, reproducibility, and accuracy of bone crest level measurements of CBCT cross sections using different resolutions." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 4 (October 21, 2015): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/040115-214.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the precision, reproducibility, and accuracy of alveolar crest level measurements on CBCT images obtained with different voxel sizes. Materials and Methods: CBCT exams were made of 12 dried human mandibles with voxel dimensions of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm. Bone crest level was measured directly on the mandibles with a digital caliper and on CBCT images. Images were measured twice by two examiners. Intra- and interexaminer precision and reproducibility were assessed using paired and t-tests, respectively. Accuracy was evaluated using t-tests. Results: Precision and reproducibility of bone crest level tomographic measurements was good for all voxel sizes evaluated. The images with 0.2-mm voxel size showed a decreased number of intraexaminer errors. A high accuracy for measurements of bone crest level was observed for all CBCT definitions, except for the mandibular incisors using the 0.4-mm voxel size. Conclusions: Precision and reproducibility of alveolar bone level measurements were good for various voxel sizes. CBCT images demonstrated good accuracy for 0.2-mm and 0.3-mm voxel sizes. The mandibular incisor region needs better resolution than that provided by 0.4-mm voxel size for bone crest level measurements.

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Mossaad, Aida, Tarek El Badry, Moustapha Abdelrahman, Ahmad Abd Elazeem, Wael Ghanem, Susan Hassan, Nahed Adly, and Wael Shawkat. "Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction Using Different Grafting Techniques." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 8 (April 29, 2019): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.236.

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BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and palate CLP is a frequent congenital malformation that manifests in several varieties including unilateral or bilateral anomalies due to either genetic or acquired causes. Alveolar cleft graft ACG remains controversial as regard timing, grafting materials and surgical techniques. The primary goal of alveolar cleft grafting in ACG patients is to provide an intact bony ridge at the cleft site to allow maxillary continuity for teeth eruption, proper orthodontic treatment for dental arch alignment, oronasal fistula closure and providing alar support for nasal symmetry. AIM: This study aims to compare different grafting techniques to treat the alveolar cleft defect. METHODS: This study included 24 cases divided into three groups of patients: Group A was treated with autogenous iliac crest bone; Group B was treated with nano calcium hydroxyapatite with collagen membrane and Group C was treated with tissue engineering method using bone marrow stem cells extract and PRF membrane. RESULTS: According to clinical and radiographic examination measuring bone density in the CT preoperatively compared to six months postoperatively. Group C with bone marrow stem cells extract showed superior results among all followed by group B, while group A with autogenous iliac crest showed resorption in some cases and gave the least values, in addition to its drawbacks as regard donor site affection with pain & scar formation. CONCLUSION: Bone substitutes as Nano calcium hydroxyapatite and bone marrow stem cells extract showed to be reliable methods for bone grafting than autogenous iliac crest.

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Şeker, Başak Kuşakçi, Kaan Orhan, Emre Şeker, Gülbahar Ustaoğlu, Oğuz Ozan, and Nilsun Bağiş. "Cone Beam CT Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Floor and Alveolar Crest Anatomy for the Safe Placement of Implants." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 16, no. 7 (September 9, 2020): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405615666191212105745.

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Background: Alveolar bone height in the posterior maxillary region is very important and critical for dental implant planning and placement. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anatomy of the maxillary sinus floor in relation to the alveolar crest and to determine variations in the vertical measurements between the maxillary sinus floor and the alveolar bone crest tip in the posterior edentulous maxilla with the use of cone beam computerized tomography. Methods: This analysis enrolled 234 retrospectively selected patients (123 males with mean age 52.95±11.74 (range 32-76 years) and 111 females with mean age 58.14±11.92 (range 32-75 years)) with edentulous posterior maxillary regions. The maxillary sinus floor was divided into three anatomical segments (anterior, median and posterior) in relation to the transverse palatine suture. The measurements were performed on 3D surface rendered volumetric images by using rotation and translation of the views. Landmarks for measurement were specified by using a cursor driven pointer. Vertical lines were marked on the cross-sectional images between the alveolar ridge and the deepest point of the maxillary sinus floor for each of the three regions. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: The mean distance values between the sinus floor and the alveolar crest in the anterior, median and posterior regions were 8.74±3.97 mm, 5.37±3.23 mm and 7.06±3.28 mm, respectively. Measurements in the anterior region were found to be high in both total and gender groups compared to other regions. Also, subsinus alveolar bone heights decreased with increasing age in both genders in all three regions. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that the mean subsinus alveolar bone height is highest in the anterior segment of the edentulous posterior maxilla. These results may guide clinicians to make the decision of implant placement area and lead to less invasive alternative surgery methods for edentulous posterior segments.

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Dawson, K. H., M. A. Egbert, and R. W. T. Myall. "Pain following iliac crest bone grafting of alveolar clefts." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 24, no. 3 (June 1996): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(96)80048-5.

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Ludlow, John B., Ronald H. Nason, Luther H. Hutchens, and John Moriarty. "RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ALVEOLAR CREST OBSCURED BY DENTAL IMPLANTS." Implant Dentistry 4, no. 1 (1995): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008505-199504000-00002.

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Ludlow, J. B., R. H. Nason, L. H. Hutchens, and J. Moriarty. "Radiographic evaluation of alveolar crest obscured by dental implants." Implant Dentistry 4, no. 1 (1995): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008505-199504000-00021.

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Nguyen, K. C. T., D. Q. Duong, F. T. Almeida, P. W. Major, N. R. Kaipatur, T. T. Pham, E. H. M. Lou, M. Noga, K. Punithakumar, and L. H. Le. "Alveolar Bone Segmentation in Intraoral Ultrasonographs with Machine Learning." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 1054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520920593.

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The use of intraoral ultrasound imaging has received great attention recently due to the benefits of being a portable and low-cost imaging solution for initial and continuing care that is noninvasive and free of ionizing radiation. Alveolar bone is an important structure in the periodontal apparatus to support the tooth. Accurate assessment of alveolar bone level is essential for periodontal diagnosis. However, interpretation of alveolar bone structure in ultrasound images is a challenge for clinicians. This work is aimed at automatically segmenting alveolar bone and locating the alveolar crest via a machine learning (ML) approach for intraoral ultrasound images. Three convolutional neural network–based ML methods were trained, validated, and tested with 700, 200, and 200 images, respectively. To improve the robustness of the ML algorithms, a data augmentation approach was introduced, where 2100 additional images were synthesized through vertical and horizontal shifting as well as horizontal flipping during the training process. Quantitative evaluations of 200 images, as compared with an expert clinician, showed that the best ML approach yielded an average Dice score of 85.3%, sensitivity of 88.5%, and specificity of 99.8%, and identified the alveolar crest with a mean difference of 0.20 mm and excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.98) in less than a second. This work demonstrated the potential use of ML to assist general dentists and specialists in the visualization of alveolar bone in ultrasound images.

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Zhang, Wenjian, Justin Tullis, and Robin Weltman. "Cone Beam Computerized Tomography Measurement of Alveolar Ridge at Posterior Mandible for Implant Graft Estimation." Journal of Oral Implantology 41, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): e231-e237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-14-00146.

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Damaging the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is the most serious complication when harvesting an autogenous graft from posterior mandible. The objective of this study was to use cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) to measure dimensions of the alveolar ridge in the posterior mandible for estimation of a safe graft size, and then analyze how it is related to the gender, age, and dentition status of subjects. CBCT scans were screened to include 59 subjects without interfering pathologies. Alveolar height was measured from the alveolar crest to superior border of IAN and also to the inferior border of the mandible. Alveolar width (from buccal to lingual cortical plates) and buccal bone thickness (from buccal cortical plate to mandibular molar mesial root buccal surface) were measured at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds divided from the alveolar crest to the IAN. It was found that males and dentate sites had larger alveolar dimensions than did females and edentulous sites, respectively. Bone volume did not correlate significantly with age. Buccal bone thicknesses increased from coronal to apical and from the first to the third molar generally. A larger bone graft could be harvested from male than female patients, with a mean harvestable graft dimension (height × width in mm) for male was 15.5 × 3.2, and for female was 14.1 × 2.9. In conclusion, males and dentate arches demonstrate larger alveolar volumes than do females and edentulous regions, respectively. Larger alveolar grafts can be harvested from males compared to the females. Age does not seem to affect alveolar dimension/graft volume.

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Canady, John W., Deborah P. Zeitler, Sue Ann Thompson, and Chris D. Nicholas. "Suitability of the Iliac Crest as a Site for Harvest of Autogenous Bone Grafts." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 30, no. 6 (November 1993): 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1993_030_0579_sotica_2.3.co_2.

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Many donor sites have been advocated for obtaining cancellous bone to be used for grafting alveolar defects. Recently, some authors have suggested that the iliac crest site produced an unacceptably high degree of postoperative morbidity. Because of this morbidity, the use of other donor areas, e.g., rib, cranium, and mandible, are advocated. The iliac crest donor site for alveolar bone grafting has been common practice in our Institution for years under the assumption that little or no postoperative morbidity occurred. To investigate and document the accuracy of our assumption, the charts of the most recent 50 consecutive patients receiving alveolar bone grafts, all of which used the iliac crest as a donor site, were reviewed. Postoperative pain, numbness, infection, paralysis, or long-term disability were catalogued from the charts. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to the parents and patients requesting their perceptions of these parameters. In the cases reviewed, the average length of skin incision was 4.2 cm. The average quantity of bone harvested was 4.1 cc. The usual hospitalization time was 2–3 days. No patients experienced serious or long-term complications at the surgical donor site. Immediate postoperative complications among the 50 patients studied were limited to one hematoma, one stitch abscess, one case of swelling with pain, one erythema, and one 4-day fever accompanied by slight serosanguineous drainage. Information from the questionnaire suggests that most patients returned to full activity within 4–6 weeks. No patient reported any long-term pain or disability. We conclude that the iliac crest is a suitable site to harvest cancellous bone for use in alveolar defect grafting, and should not be rejected solely because of concerns regarding excessive morbidity.

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Koole, Ronald. "Ectomesenchymal Mandibular Symphysis Bone Graft: An Improvement in Alveolar Cleft Grafting?" Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 31, no. 3 (May 1994): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1994_031_0217_emsbga_2.3.co_2.

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Bone grafting the alveolar cleft in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients is widely accepted. A traditional graft is the iliac crest. Other bone graft donor sites are briefly discussed. The ratio for an ectomesenchymal bone graft in alveolar cleft repair Is explained. Aspects of the embryology, bone graft physiology, and reports on mandibular symphysis bone grafting are discussed.

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Sivarajasingam, V., G. Pell, M. Morse, and J. P. Shepherd. "Secondary Bone Grafting of Alveolar Clefts: A Densitometric Comparison of Iliac Crest and Tibial Bone Grafts." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38, no. 1 (January 2001): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0011_sbgoac_2.0.co_2.

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Objective To evaluate changes in the optical density of secondary alveolar cleft bone grafts obtained from two different donor sites over time and to determine whether one donor site gives a higher recipient bone density than the other. Methods A prospective study was performed evaluating 40 healthy patients with congenital cleft lip and palate undergoing secondary alveolar bone grafting, 20 (14 boys and 6 girls) having iliac crest and 20 (12 boys and 8 girls) receiving tibial bone grafts. Bone harvest and grafting was carried out by one operator (G.P.). Optical density of iliac and tibial grafts measured using a computerized densitometer, was compared at 6 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months. Due to interference from orthodontic appliances, optical density measurements for 16 subjects were not possible, and these patients were excluded from the study. The length of hospital stay postoperatively for both grafting procedures were recorded. Results A significant decrease in relative bone density was demonstrated during the 3-month postoperative period in both iliac and tibial bone graft groups (p < .05). The difference in densities between iliac crest and tibial groups were not significantly different at any of the time points (paired t test, p > .05). Subjects undergoing iliac crest grafts stayed an average of 5 days in the hospital postoperatively, compared with subjects with tibial grafts who stayed an average of 3 days postoperatively. Conclusion Optical density measurements of bone grafted into alveolar clefts, reported here for the first time, provide a valuable objective assessment of graft progress. Tibial and iliac crest grafts gave similar optical densities at recipient sites over the first 3 months. Iliac crest grafts required significantly longer postoperative stay; an important consideration in selecting donor sites for secondary bone grafting.

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Erica Alexandra, Macedo Pessoa, Braune Andre, Ladeira Casado Priscila, and Nivoloni Tannure Patricia. "Alveolar Bone Graft: Clinical Profile and Risk Factors for Complications in Oral Cleft Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 5 (September 2017): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/16-028.

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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate clinical aspects and predisposing factors for alveolar bone graft complications in persons born with oral clefts. Design A total of 105 patients, aged 7 to 57 years old, who received alveolar bone graft at the Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery Center in the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro (RJ) from 2009 to 2014 were selected. Data were collected concerning the type of oral cleft, family history of cleft, medical and dental exam, donor area, type of graft material, repaired surgical treatment done, and postoperative follow-up examinations. Results Postoperative complications developed in 31 patients (32.9%). The mean age at grafting was 16.79 years for the group without complications (n = 63) and 20.13 years for the group with postoperative complications (n = 31). There was a positive association between age and type of graft and cases with alveolar bone graft complications. Patients aged 12 years or more had a four times more chance of developing alveolar bone graft complications. Particulate bone graft from iliac crest demonstrated better results compared with block graft or mixed graft. Conclusion Patients with cleft lip and palate who were 12 years or older had a greater chance of developing complications after grafting the alveolar bone. Furthermore, particulate alveolar graft from iliac crest had significantly better outcomes.

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Vidigal Junior, Guaracilei Maciel, Luiz Roberto Figueiredo Dantas, Luis Carlos de Moraes e. Silva Junior, Mario Groisman, Ricardo G. Fischer, and Arthur Belém Novaes Junior. "Prosthetically Driven Alveolar Reconstructions: A Retrospective Study." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 5 (September 2020): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003218.

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Abstract This study aims to evaluate the post-extraction alveolar bone reconstruction amongst 12 patients exhibiting loss of buccal bone plate in a tooth of the anterior region of the maxilla using the prosthetically-driven alveolar reconstruction technique (PDAR). In PDAR, a partial fixed provisional prosthesis (PFPP [conventional or adhesive]) with a specially designed pontic maintains the clot in a mechanically stable position during alveolar regeneration. Moreover, the pontic design, in hourglass shape and located in the subgingival area, also prevents gingival margins from collapsing. Gingival recession was evaluated through the 6-month healing period. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed 1 month before and 8 months after PDAR treatment. For the primary outcome, in the panoramic imaging, the central area of bone defect in each tooth was selected for linear measurements. Measurements of the vertical buccal bone gain and the gain in thickness in the alveolar bone crest were obtained 8 months after PDAR. Descriptive statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient analysis were conducted. After treatment, all patients showed bone formation (a mean vertical gain of 7.1±3.7 mm, associated with a horizontal mean gain of 4.5±1.4 mm in the alveolar bone crest). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the measurements performed using CBCT was 0.999. No gingival recession, greater than 1 mm, was observed. Lower-morbidity procedures without the use of biomaterials may be a useful in post-extraction alveolar ridge regeneration and/or preservation. PDAR promoted alveolar bone formation without flaps, grafts and membranes.

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Murthy, Ananth S., and James A. Lehman. "Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Grafting: A Survey of ACPA Teams." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 1 (January 2005): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/03-045.1.

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Objective To evaluate the management of alveolar clefts by cleft palate and craniofacial teams in North America. Design An anonymous survey was mailed to 240 American Cleft Palate– Craniofacial Association teams across North America regarding alveolar bone grafting. The questionnaire included multiple questions about each team's approach to alveolar bone grafting and options for the missing tooth. Results Consensus was achieved in three areas: 90% of centers performed secondary alveolar bone grafting, 78% performed grafting between ages 6 and 9 years, and iliac crest donor site was the most popular site (83%). There was no consensus with respect to dental criteria for the timing of grafting, follow-up x-rays, or the use of a grading system for evaluating results. In addition, there was no consensus on the management of the missing tooth. Conclusion There is wide acceptance of secondary bone grafting and there is a consensus for the age of grafting (6 to 9 years) and donor site (iliac crest). The disturbing finding was the lack of postoperative x-ray evaluation of the results. With so much variability in management, the use of a routine, standardized scale to measure postoperative results would allow for better outcome studies in alveolar bone grafting.

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Liu, Yanan, Haifeng Wang, Huixin Dou, Bin Tian, Le Li, Luyuan Jin, Zhenting Zhang, and Lei Hu. "Bone regeneration capacities of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells sheet in rabbit calvarial bone defect." Journal of Tissue Engineering 11 (January 2020): 204173142093037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420930379.

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Mesenchymal stem cells sheets have been verified as a promising non-scaffold strategy for bone regeneration. Alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, derived from neural crest, have the character of easily obtained and strong multi-differential potential. However, the bone regenerative features of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets in the craniofacial region remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the osteogenic differentiation and bone defect repairment characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets derived from alveolar bone (alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) and iliac bone (Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) in vitro and in vivo. Histology character, osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenic gene expression of human alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were compared in vitro. The cell sheets were implanted in rabbit calvarial defects to evaluate tissue regeneration characteristics. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the specific gene and pathways expression profile of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our results showed that alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had higher osteogenic differentiation than Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Although no obvious differences were found in the histological structure, fibronectin and integrin β1 expression between them, alveolar-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet exhibited higher mineral deposition and expression levels of osteogenic marker genes. After being transplanted in the rabbit calvarial defects area, the results showed that greater bone volume and trabecular thickness regeneration were found in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet group compared to Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Finally, datasets of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (another neural crest derived mesenchymal stem cells) versus umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were analyzed. Total 71 differential genes were identified by overlap between the 2 datasets. Homeobox genes, such as LHX8, MKX, PAX9, MSX, and HOX, were identified as the most significantly changed and would be potential specific genes in neural crest mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the Al-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet-based tissue regeneration appears to be a promising strategy for craniofacial defect repair in future clinical applications.

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Ad De, Ruiter, Gert Meijer, Titiaan Dormaar, Nard Janssen, Andries Van Der Bilt, Piet Slootweg, Joost De Bruijn, Linda Van Rijn, and Ronald Koole. "β-TCP versus Autologous Bone for Repair of Alveolar Clefts in a Goat Model." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 48, no. 6 (November 2011): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/09-219.

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Objective The aim of this study in goats was to test the hypothesis that a novel synthetic bone substitute beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can work as well as autologous bone harvested from the iliac crest for grafting and repair of alveolar clefts. Design Ten adult Dutch milk goats ( Capra hircus) were used in a split-mouth study design. Main outcome measures Volumetric histologic assessment of new bone formation and radiographic measurement of orthodontic movement of teeth in a formerly created alveolar cleft. Conclusions The synthetic bone substitute β-TCP was shown to result in bone healing similar to that of iliac crest bone. The surgical, orthodontic, and histologic results now warrant the testing of β-TCP in the human cleft situation.

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Landini, Gabriel. "Videodensitometrical Study of the Alveolar Bone Crest in Periodontal Disease." Journal of Periodontology 62, no. 8 (August 1991): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1991.62.8.528.

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Moro, Alessandro, Paolo De Angelis, Sandro Pelo, Giulio Gasparini, Giuseppe D’Amato, Pier Carmine Passarelli, and Gianmarco Saponaro. "Alveolar ridge augmentation with maxillary sinus elevation and split crest." Medicine 97, no. 24 (June 2018): e11029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000011029.

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Sanz-Sánchez, I., A. Ortiz-Vigón, I. Sanz-Martín, E. Figuero, and M. Sanz. "Effectiveness of Lateral Bone Augmentation on the Alveolar Crest Dimension." Journal of Dental Research 94, no. 9_suppl (July 27, 2015): 128S—142S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034515594780.

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SUGAI, Toshiro. "Maxillary sinus floor elevation: lateral approach and alveolar crest approach." Japanese Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 56, no. 3 (2010): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5794/jjoms.56.150.

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Marston, Alexander P., Angela Black, Stefan E. Pambuccian, and David D. Hamlar. "Mass Originating From the Maxillary Alveolar Crest in an Infant." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 140, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2014.632.

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Duinkerke, A. S. H., A. C. M. Van de Poel, D. J. Purdell-Lewis, and W. H. Doesburg. "Estimation of alveolar crest height using routine periapical dental radiographs." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 62, no. 5 (November 1986): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(86)90327-0.

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Makeev, A. V., O. Z. Topolnitsky, and R. N. Fedotov. "The use of various types of autografts in the bone grafting of the alveolar process." RUDN Journal of Medicine 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2020-24-1-69-74.

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Relevance. Fixing a cleft alveolar process is one of the most complicated problems in pediatric maxillofacial surgery. The difficulty lies in the fact that bone grafting of the alveolar process directly affects the growth of the upper jaw, the difficulty of performing surgery, as well as trying to form a sufficient amount of bone regenerate, while it is necessary to restore the anatomical integrity of the alveolar process for subsequent orthodontic treatment or dental implantation. Purpose: To review the literature on the use of autografts from various donor areas in patients with congenital cleft upper lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate. Materials and methods: A literature review of the data was carried out using the electronic databases “Medline”, “Pubmed”, “Kibeleninka”. The key words in the search were: bone plastic, cleft alveolar process. The selection criteria were the articles in English and Russian containing clinical studies on the use of various types of grafts in bone grafting of the alveolar process cleft. Results: The sources of literature on the use of various autografts for bone grafting of the alveolar outgrowth in children with cleft lip and palate were analyzed. Currently, most authors are inclined to use an iliac crest autograft in surgery. Conclusion: Although more than a century has passed since the first alveolar cleft bone graft surgery was performed, the choice of bone material is still unresolved - due to the severity of complications, the impossibility of taking a sufficient amount of bone material, as well as a high percentage of material resorption, because even with the use of iliac crest bone, the volume of transplant resorption can be over 40%.

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Mehdizadeh, Mojdeh, Aram Mohammadi, and Arezoo Mahdian. "Study of Distance Measurement of the Alveolar Crest to Maxillary Sinus Floor on Different Views of CBCT." Scholars Journal of Dental Sciences 3, no. 6 (June 2016): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/sjds.2016.3.6.5.

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Leonardo, Mário Roberto, Alberto Tadeu Nascimento Borges, Walter Martins-Júnior, Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz, and Sada Assed. "Vertical alveolar crest bone maintenance around implants in two-stage surgery: an in situ study in dogs." Brazilian Dental Journal 19, no. 2 (2008): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402008000200003.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate in situ changes in the alveolar crest bone height around immediate implant-supported crowns in comparison to tooth-supported crowns (control) with the cervical margins located at the bone crest level, without occlusal load. In Group I, after extraction of 12 mandibular premolars from 4 adult dogs, implants from Branemark System (MK III TiU RP 4.0 x 11.5 mm) were placed to retain complete acrylic crowns. In Group II, premolars were prepared to receive complete metal crowns. Sixteen weeks after placement of the crowns (38 weeks after tooth extraction), the height of the alveolar bone crest was measured with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney test at 5% significance level. The in situ analysis showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.880) between the implant-supported and the tooth-supported groups (1.528 + 0.459 mm and 1.570 + 0.263 mm, respectively). Based on the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that initial peri-implant bone loss may result from the remodeling process necessary to establish the biological space, similar to which occurs with tooth-supported crowns.

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Ramos, Adilson Luiz, Monique Cimão dos Santos, Márcio Rodrigues de Almeida, and Carlos Flores Mir. "Bone dehiscence formation during orthodontic tooth movement through atrophic alveolar ridges." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/063019-443.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in bone dehiscence formation before and after orthodontic tooth movement through an atrophic alveolar ridge. Material and Methods This longitudinal retrospective study evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography imaging of 15 adult patients. Twenty-five teeth were moved through the atrophic alveolar bone, whereas 25 teeth not subjected to translational movement were considered controls. The distances between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest were assessed at the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of all of these teeth. Data were compared using the Wilcoxon test. The Spearman correlation test and multivariate linear regression analysis were also performed. Results In general, crestal bone height was reduced around 0.5 mm in all groups in every direction. Median buccal dehiscence increased significantly (+2.25 mm) (P < .05) in teeth moved through the atrophic ridge. Control teeth also had buccal crest loss (+0.83 mm), but this was not statistically different from that of the experimental teeth. Lingual dehiscence increased significantly for the experimental (+0.17 mm) and control (+0.65 mm) groups. Mesial bone height decreased more in the control group (–0.44mm) than in the experimental group (–0.14mm). There was moderate correlation between amount of tooth movement and alveolar bone loss. Conclusions The null hypothesis was rejected as dehiscence increased after tooth movement through an atrophic alveolar ridge, mainly in the buccal plate.

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Wang, P., S. Wang, and L. Ni. "The Combination of a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and an Adhesive Restorative Approach to Treat a Crown-root Fracture Coupled with Lateral Root Perforation in a Mandibular Second Molar: A Case Report." Operative Dentistry 34, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/08-080-s.

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Clinical Relevance Crown-root fractures extending well below the alveolar crest, coupled with root perforations of posterior teeth, can be successfully treated with the combination of mineral trioxide aggregate and an adhesive restorative approach in a one-step restoration procedure.

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Silva Filho, Omar Gabriel da, Terumi Okada Ozawa, Cláudia Bachega, and Marco Aurélio Bachega. "Reconstruction of alveolar cleft with allogenous bone graft: clinical considerations." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 6 (December 2013): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000600021.

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INTRODUCTION: Secondary bone grafting consists in a routine procedure on the treatment of patients with alveolar cleft. Usually, it is performed by the end of the mixed dentition, when the permanent canine is erupting, with autogenous cancellous bone from the iliac crest. OBJECTIVE: The present article discusses the alternative of autogenous bone grafting with allogeneic bone, obtained from human bone bank, illustrating the result with the presentation of a clinical case of left unilateral alveolar cleft.

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Semenoff, Larissa, Tereza Aparecida Delle Semenoff, Fabio Luiz Miranda Pedro, Evaristo Ricci Volpato, Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado, Álvaro Henrique Borges, and Alex Semenoff-Segundo. "Are Panoramic Radiographs Reliable to Diagnose Mild Alveolar Bone Resorption?" ISRN Dentistry 2011 (May 4, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/363578.

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It is extremely important to assess variations between the most used radiographs in dental practice, since minimum distortion on obtained images may change diagnosis, treatment plan, and prognosis for the patient. For this, the distance between the enamel-cementum junction and the alveolar bone crest was measured on conventional and digitized periapical, bitewing, and panoramic radiographs and compared among them. From a total of 1484 records, 39 sets of radiographs that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study sample were selected. The measurements were grouped according to the intensity of bone loss. Statistically significant difference was found in the averages of the measurements assessed in radiographs with absence of bone loss between conventional panoramic and periapical radiographs, between digitized panoramic and periapical radiographs and between digitized bitewing and panoramic radiographs. By analyzing the results of this work and considering the research protocol used, one can conclude that small losses in height of alveolar bone crest observed in panoramic radiographs should be cautiously evaluated, as they may be overestimated.

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Yousefzadeh, Saeed, Maryam Johari, Sedigheh Sheikhzadeh, Sina Haghanifar, Hemmat Gholinia, and Nazanin Arbabzadegan Hashemi. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Labial Bone and Covering Soft Tissue in Maxillary Anterior Segment: A Dilemma in Orthodontics." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5553301.

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Purposes. The thickness of the buccal bone and its covering gingiva is pivotal in determining the prognosis of implant therapy as well as fixed orthodontic appliances, especially nonextraction treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccal bone thickness and covering soft tissue in the maxillary anterior segment. Methods. This study measured the hard tissue thickness at 2 and 5 mm more apical from the crest and at the root apical apex, as well as the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest, using 80 CBCT images divided into three age groups. In addition, the distance from free gingiva to alveolar crest and from free gingiva to CEJ was measured. The acquired data then was analyzed using an ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation to investigate any associations or statistically significant differences between parameters. Results. The highest mean soft tissue thickness at the 5 mm level was for central incisors and the least for canine. The highest mean thickness of soft tissue at the crest level and its 2 mm apical level was related to central incisors and the lowest mean thickness at these levels was related to canine. Analysis of hard tissue variables showed the lower thickness of hard tissue at higher ages compared to the young patients group, but the thickness of the soft tissue increases with age. Conclusion. The highest mean thickness of the buccal hard tissue in the maxillary anterior segment was in lateral and central incisors. Also, the most prominent thickness of the labial soft tissue was in the central and lateral incisors at levels close to the crest.

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Amin, Kavit, Wee Sim Khor, Anais Rosich-Medina, and Victoria Beale. "Alveolar Bone Grafting: Donor Site Review of 100 Consecutive Cases in Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 2 (March 2017): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-180.

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Objective Review of patients who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting for total inpatient stay, postoperative complications, and postoperative analgesic requirements. Design Retrospective analysis of medical records. Setting Tertiary care center as part of a regional cleft lip and palate network. Patients All patients who underwent secondary alveolar bone grafting from the iliac crest. Interventions Local anesthetic was infiltrated overlying the anterior iliac crest. An incision was made to conform to the future skin crease and avoid muscle dissection. The cartilaginous cap was incised and raised, and cancellous bone was then harvested. The cavity was packed with hemostatic cellulose and closed in layers. All patients received postoperative antibiotics. All patients were prescribed regular paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen if there were no contraindications. Oral morphine was available when requested. Main Outcome Measures Length of stay, postoperative analgesic requirements, and postoperative donor site and oral complications. Results From 100 consecutive patients, 92 (92%) of the patients were discharged the day after surgery; one (1%) patient required four nights of monitoring for postoperative pyrexia of unknown origin. All patients received regular paracetamol, and the majority (86%) did not require oral morphine. Complications included seroma (4%), superficial donor site abscess (1%), postoperative pyrexia of unknown origin (2%), gingival bleeding (2%), and oral infection (2%). Conclusion The findings suggest that donor site pain may be well controlled with simple, regular analgesia. Children tolerated this procedure well and were safely discharged the day after surgery. Alveolar bone grafting from the iliac crest was found to have low complication rates.

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Kozakiewicz, Marcin, Piotr Szymor, and Tomasz Wach. "Influence of General Mineral Condition on Collagen-Guided Alveolar Crest Augmentation." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 3649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163649.

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The local regeneration of bone defects is regulated by general hormone, enzyme, ion, and vitamin levels. General diseases and dysregulation of the human mineral system can impact this process, even in alveolar crest. The aim of this study is to investigate a relation between bone density, measured in two-dimensional X-rays, and general mineral condition of patients. The study included 42 patients on whom tooth extractions were performed. Data were divided into two groups: the region where collagen scaffold (BRM) was used and the reference region of intact normal bone (REF). Two-dimensional intraoral radiographs were taken in all cases just after the surgery (00 M) and 12 months later (12 M). Thyrotropin (TSH), parathormone (PTH), Ca2+ in serum, HbA1c, vitamin 25(OH)D3, and spine densitometry were checked. Digital texture analysis in MaZda 4.6 software was done. Texture Index (TI: BRM 1.66 ± 0.34 in 00 M, 1.51 ± 0.41 in 12 M, and REF 1.72 ± 0.28) and Bone Index (BI: BRM 0.73 ± 0.17 in 00 M, 0.65 ± 0.22 41 in 12 M, and REF 0.80 ± 0.14) were calculated to evaluate bone regeneration process after 12 months of healing (TI (p < 0.05) and BI (p < 0.01) are lower in BRM 12 M than in REF). This showed a relation between BI and TSH (R2 = 26%, p < 0.05), as well as a between BI and patient age (R2 = 65%, p < 0.001), and a weak relation between TI and TSH level (R2 = 10%, p < 0.05). This study proved that a collagen scaffold can be successfully used in alveolar crest regeneration, especially in patients with a high normal level of TSH in the middle-aged population.

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Kolay, Esra Mavi, Şükrü. "Horizontal Augmentation of Alveolar Crest with Onlay Graft: A Case Report." International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy Volume: 2 Issue: 3, Volume: 2 Issue: 3 (2020): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/jamp.43459.

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Scavia, Stefano, and Rachele Roncucci. "Minimal Invasive Flapless Piezotome Alveolar Crest Horizontal Split Technique: Preliminary Results." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 21, no. 1 (January 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2743.

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Janson, Guilherme, Roberto Bombonatti, Analu Giampietro Brandão, José Fernando Castanha Henriques, and Marcos Roberto de Freitas. "Comparative radiographic evaluation of the alveolar bone crest after orthodontic treatment." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 124, no. 2 (August 2003): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(03)00392-5.

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Feng, Zhi-Hong, Fang Su, Jin-Long Zhao, Li-Bin Zhou, Yan Dong, and Yi-Min Zhao. "Alveolar crest regeneration using curvilinear dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis: a preliminary study." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 112, no. 4 (October 2011): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.11.001.

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Meijer, H. J. A., W. H. A. Steen, and F. Bosman. "Standardized radiographs of the alveolar crest around implants in the mandible." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 68, no. 2 (August 1992): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(92)90337-a.

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Tiainen, Hanna, Anders Verket, Håvard J. Haugen, S. Petter Lyngstadaas, and Johan Caspar Wohlfahrt. "Dimensional Ridge Preservation with a Novel Highly Porous TiO2Scaffold: An Experimental Study in Minipigs." International Journal of Biomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/851264.

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Despite being considered noncritical size defects, extraction sockets often require the use of bone grafts or bone graft substitutes in order to facilitate a stable implant site with an aesthetically pleasing mucosal architecture and prosthetic reconstruction. In the present study, the effect of novel TiO2scaffolds on dimensional ridge preservation was evaluated following their placement into surgically modified extraction sockets in the premolar region of minipig mandibles. After six weeks of healing, the scaffolds were wellintegrated in the alveolar bone, and the convex shape of the alveolar crest was preserved. The scaffolds were found to partially preserve the dimensions of the native buccal and lingual bone walls adjacent to the defect site. A tendency towards more pronounced vertical ridge resorption, particularly in the buccal bone wall of the nongrafted alveoli, indicates that the TiO2scaffold may be used for suppressing the loss of bone that normally follows tooth extraction.

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Abraha, Blaine T., Kristopher D. Day, Pablo L. Padilla, Steven L. Henry, Patrick K. Kelley, and Raymond J. Harshbarger. "Medial Femoral Condyle Flap for Persistent Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction." FACE 1, no. 2 (October 2020): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2732501620973031.

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An alveolar cleft (AC) is typically repaired using a non-vascularized bone graft from the iliac crest. Such alveolar bone grafts (ABGs) are reliable but not infallible. We present the case of an 18-year-old male with a persistent AC with the instability of the cleft-side medial incisor and canine, status post 4 failed ABGs. The medial femoral condyle (MFC) flap was chosen to provide vascularized and similarly contoured bone. The patient recovered well and now has adequate bone stock for dental restoration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Alveolar crest'

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